Grammar space 3 SB keys
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r
a
m
ram
G
3
Student Book
Supplementary Material
Introduction
Review Test
Each unit opens with a simple, real-life
conversation that shows the use of the
unit’s grammar points.
After every four units, students will take a
review test. The tests will help students
recall what they have studied and assess
their understanding of the grammar
points.
Grammar Point
Two grammar boxes explain the main
grammar points in the unit. Simple charts
and corresponding pictures help students
clearly understand and easily grasp the
fundamental grammar structures that are
being taught. The grammar boxes are
followed by practical exercises and drills
that allow students to quickly check what
they have learned.
PLUS+
Simple tips about minor exceptions, useful
expressions, and word usage are provided
to give students a more in-depth
understanding of the grammar points.
Appendix
More grammar rules and information are
included at the back of the book.
Midterm/Final Test
Practice
Various exercises are presented to allow
students to review and reinforce each
unit’s grammar points and help them
gradually expand their understanding of
the grammar rules.
Grammar for Writing
This section allows students to complete a
written passage by applying their
understanding of the key grammar points.
Each unit also includes an interesting
reading passage that incorporates the
grammar points students have learned.
The midterm and final tests allow students
to evaluate their progress throughout the
course.
Sentences, Nouns, & uantifiers
Unit
1
Unit
2
Unit
3
Unit
4
Parts of a Sentence 1
Subject & Predicate
Subject + Verb + Object / Complement
|
Parts of a Sentence 2
Subject + Verb + I.O. + D.O.
|
Subject + Verb + Object + O.C.
Quantifiers
A Few / A Little
Pronouns
Pronouns & Possessives
|
6
10
14
Many / Much / A Lot Of
|
Adjectives, Adverbs, Modal Verbs, & The Passive
Indefinite Pronouns
18
Unit
13
Unit
14
Unit
15
Unit
16
Adjectives & Adverbs
Adjectives & Adverbs
Modal Verbs 1
Ability, Permission, & Advice: Can / May / Should
5
Unit
6
Unit
7
Unit
8
Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be
Positive & Negative
|
Yes / No Questions
Present Simple vs. Past Simple
Positive & Negative
|
Yes / No Questions
Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
|
Stative (Non-Action) Verbs
Present vs. Past Continuous
Positive & Negative
|
Yes / No Questions
9
Unit
10
Unit
11
Unit
12
Present Perfect
Positive & Negative
|
Yes / No Questions
Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
Use & Meaning 1
|
Use & Meaning 2
Future
Will
|
22
26
30
34
Possibility: May / Might
Information Questions
Information Questions
|
How + Adjective / Adverb
|
Requests: Could You / Would You
The Passive
The Passive 1
|
58
62
66
The Passive 2
Unit
17
Unit
18
Unit
19
Unit
20
Participial Adjectives
Present Participles & Past Participles
|
Participial Adjectives
Infinitives
Infinitives as Nouns
|
Infinitives as Adverbs / Adjectives
Gerunds
Gerunds
|
Relative Pronouns
|
74
78
Gerunds as Objects
Relative Pronouns as Subjects
70
Relative Pronouns as Objects
82
Supplementary Material
38
42
46
Be Going To
Necessity: Must / Have To
54
Infinitives, erunds, & Relative Pronouns
Present Perfect & Future Tense
Unit
|
Modal Verbs 2
Present Tense & Past Tense
Unit
Comparatives & Superlatives
|
50
• Review Tests 1 - 5
• Appendix
• Midterm Test / Final Test
88 - 97
98 - 100
1
Parts of a Sentence 1
Subject + Verb + Object/Complement
A:I stayed at home on Sunday. What about you?
B:I had sushi at a restaurant. It was delicious.
Some sentences are made up of a subject, a verb, and an object. The object is the person
or thing that receives the action of the verb.
Subject & Predicate
A sentence has a subject and a predicate. The subject tells who or what the sentence is
about.
Subject
(noun)
(pronoun)
(noun phrase)
eats
pizza for dinner.
The predicate tells what the subject is or does. There is at least one verb in a predicate.
Subject
She
Predicate
walks
is
cooked
told
named
around the park.
an English teacher.
spaghetti.
me a secret.
her dog Pluto.
Object
Mr. White
The cat
The people
speaks
saw
played
French.
a mouse.
soccer
at the park.
Subject
Linking Verb
Complement
My mother
The dictionary
Sarah and Jane
is
looks
felt
an art teacher.
heavy.
sleepy
after lunch.
Some common linking verbs are be, look, feel, sound, smell, and taste.
A
Write the subjects, verbs, objects, and complements.
Subject
Verb
Object
Complement
Jim
wrote
a story
×
1. John ran at the park.
John
ran
x
x
2. They were angry at me.
They
were
x
angry
3. The roses smell sweet.
The roses smell
x
sweet
4. We bought a cushion yesterday.
5. Ben and I are students.
Ben and I
A
Verb
Some sentences are made up of a subject, a verb, and a complement. The complement
describes the subject and comes after a linking verb.
Predicate
Peter
He
My brother
Subject
Divide the sentences into subjects and predicates with slashes( /).
1. My sister plays computer games every day.
2. Joanna and I like the main character in the cartoon.
3. The sweater in the shop feels soft and warm.
4. The flowers on the table are from John.
5. My friend Mike likes playing baseball after school.
Jim wrote a story about his trip.
We
bought a cushion
are
x
x
students
6. The tallest girl in my class is Miranda.
B
6
Circle the verbs and underline the predicates.
B
Read the underlined words and check(✔).
Complement
Object
1. My grandparents are my heroes.
1. Ms. Kimble’s new car looks expensive.
2. The subway moves quickly along the track.
2. The baker bakes bread at six a.m.
3. My father bought me a new computer.
3. The baby is holding a toy in her hand.
4. Rudolph has a very shiny nose.
4. The scientist studies the plants on the mountain.
5. They are students from China.
5. The sofa feels really comfortable.
6. Ben drinks a glass of milk every morning.
6. Kevin’s sisters are very pretty.
Unit 1 • Parts of a Sentence 1
7
Practice
A
Check(✔) the correct places for the verbs.
1.
are
My parents
2.
take
We
3.
studied
4.
B
1
a bus
Tiffany
1
proud
1
to school
2
5.
pressed
The man
6.
bought
My parents
1
great
2
1
me
2
Sarah doesn’t get up early. So she doesn’t eat
in Paris
on
2
3
3
.
HEALTH CHECKLIST
Name: Sarah Wells
you.
a button
a cell phone
3
3
Yes No
.
.
Choose and complete the sentences. Then check(✔).
sweet
tired
movies
wet
his textbook
my room
Complement
Object
1. John didn’t bring
his textbook
2. My brothers watch
movies
3. Jonathan is always
tired
4. I clean
my room
to school.
at night.
after work.
every weekend.
sweet
5. The sauce tasted
to me.
wet
6. The clothes on the line are
Complete Sarah's health report and write the numbers of the objects and
complements.
every day.
2
in the elevator
1
me.
3
3
fashion design
Your new dress
looks
of
2
A
8
is
the girls
a soldier
3
hamburgers
and pizza. Eating them too
3. I eat vegetables every day.
4. I like hamburgers and pizza.
to exercise more. She sleeps well at night. She
5. I exercise three times a week.
doesn’t think she is
6. I feel tired after school.
7. I sleep well at night.
I am a healthy person.
much is not good for her health. She often
feels
4
Object
after school. She needs
tired
5
healthy
.
①②③
④⑤
Find the sentences that are S +V +O and S +V +C and write the numbers.
1
Fruits and vegetables have many different colors. Did
you know that foods of different colors have different health
2
Red foods are good for heart health.
improve memory.
cranberries.
sells
every day. But she also likes
2. I skip breakfast.
Find the missing words and rewrite the sentences.
Japanese
vegetables
benefits?
C
2
1. I get up early.
.
breakfast
Complement
B
in the morning. She eats
1
the key
and peaches.
5
4
3
They also
Red foods include cherries, tomatoes, and
Some healthy orange foods are carrots, oranges,
6
Orange foods promote good skin and eye
1. Ms. Lloyd from Hawaii.
Ms. Lloyd is from Hawaii.
2. Mike and Jack speak very well.
Mike and Jack speak Japanese very well.
3. He chairs and tables at his store.
He sells chairs and tables at his store.
and broccoli, strengthen bones and muscles. Eat a variety of colors of fruits and
4. at the concert looked excited.
The girls at the concert looked excited.
vegetables. Then,
5. We found under the bed.
We found the key under the bed.
6. Mr. Miles was 40 years ago.
Mr. Miles was a soldier 40 years ago.
health.
8
S+V+O
10
7
Pineapples and bananas are healthy yellow foods.
They improve brain function.
9
Green foods, like spinach
you will be healthy and strong.
①③④⑥⑧⑨
S+V+C
②⑤⑦⑩
Unit 1 • Parts of a Sentence 1
9
2
Parts of a Sentence 2
Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement
A:My aunt sent me presents from Canada.
B:You must be happy. Presents always make me happy.
Some sentences have an object complement (O.C.). It comes after the object and describes
the object. It can be a noun or an adjective.
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
Jolie
Some sentences have two objects, an indirect object(I.O.) and a direct object (D.O.). The
indirect object is the person or thing that receives the direct object from the subject.
I
made
a salad.
S + V
+ D.O.
I
made
my parents
S + V +
I.O.
+
Subject
Verb
My parents
bought
Jenny
a salad.
D.O.
Indirect Object
Direct Object
-
a new computer.
me
a new computer.
-
letters.
Ellen
letters.
sends
Karen
named
her dog
Jolie. (her dog = Jolie)
S
+
V
+
O
+ O.C.
A
Read the underlined words and check(✔).
Indirect Object
B
1. She gave me a book for my birthday.
2. Cathy and I will make Grandma a chair.
3. Derek bought his younger sister a teddy bear.
4. I asked the police officer the way to the mall.
Circle the indirect objects and underline the direct objects.
1. Helen gave me her phone number yesterday.
2. We bought our cat a comfortable bed.
10
Verb
Object
Object Complement
I
He
People
left
found
called
the door
the test
the lady
open.
difficult.
an angel.
Read the sentences and write the objects and the object complements.
Object
Common verbs that take two objects are give, send, make, ask, buy, show, bring, and tell.
A
Subject
Direct Object
B
Object Complement
1. The movie made Nora and Rachel sad.
Nora and Rachel sad
2. She found the novel interesting.
the novel
interesting
3. People call New York the “Big Apple.”
New York
the “Big Apple”
4. They will name their daughter Sophie.
their daughter
Sophie
5. Jenny always keeps her desk tidy.
her desk
tidy
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
a great musician
blue
salty
salty
1. She made the soup too
4.
3. Can you show me your paintings?
2. The police officer keeps the children
4. Gina told them a scary story last night.
3. Molly and Tim painted the door
5. Our English teacher read us a poem.
4. People called Beethoven
safe
.
safe
blue
a great musician
.
.
.
Unit 2 • Parts of a Sentence 2
11
Practice
A
B
Check(✔) the correct places for the words.
1.
English
2.
me
Dad
3.
her
Tony
4.
the information
The lady will
5.
Christmas cards
I
6.
anyone
Mrs. Freeman
1
asks
1
send
Don’t
1
teaches
2
a fork
passed
1
1
2
1
3
2
tell
2
3
3
.
My uncle
.
you
the children
2
the students
2
3
3
2
.
your password
3
will
4
3. The movie made the actress popular.
4. James showed us his new bike.
5. Sarah bought her mother a pretty watch.
6. My dog brings me the newspaper every morning.
7. Don’t leave your sister alone.
People
Object Complement
Her songs
7
2
8
give her some flowers
.
4
when I was little.
We can make it new again!
energetic orange.
green.
7
6
5
You could get your children a new desk.
3
You can bring us your old furniture.
We can paint your old desk an
We can paint your dusty cabinets a fresh
We make all of your old furniture exciting. Come by
our store to see what we can do.
.
1
You could even buy them a new bookshelf! But why waste money?
The Magic Makers are here for you.
made him tired
to her concert. I’m going to her
Find the sentences that are S +V +I.O .+D.O. and S +V +O +O.C . and write the numbers.
Are you bored with your furniture?
3. A What is Ed doing?
B He is sleeping. The exam
. Last week, my mother
(her / some flowers / give)
2. A What was your nickname?
bought me tickets
concert this weekend. At the concert, I will
?
(Troublemaker / me / called)
make me happy
6
(tickets / bought / me)
1. A I have an appointment with Dr. Brennan at three o’clock.
called me Troublemaker
in the world.
(happy / me / make)
Unscramble the words and complete the dialogues.
B My mother
call Jenny Kyle the best singer
5
(the best singer / call / Jenny Kyle)
B
like a chessboard.
paint the house black and white
(black and white / paint / the house)
2. The blanket kept her warm.
(me / tell / your name)
this weekend. We
(him / make / a house)
.
tell me your name
. He doesn’t have a doghouse yet.
make him a house
3
every year.
1. Dave will make us dinner tonight.
B Can you
named the puppy Spotty
So, we will
Read the underlined words and check(✔).
last month. We
(Spotty / the puppy / named)
.
Direct Object
C
gave my sister and me a puppy
1
(my sister and me / gave / a puppy)
many questions
give
Read the weekend plans. Unscramble the words and complete the passages.
A
8
You can ask us questions
any time!
(him / made / tired)
4. A Bye, Susie. I will miss you very much.
12
B I will miss you, too. I will
send you my photos
(send / my photos / you)
from the trip.
S+V+I.O.+D.O.
①②③⑧
S+V+O+O.C.
④⑤⑥⑦
Unit 2 • Parts of a Sentence 2
13
3
uantifiers
Many / Much / A Lot Of
A:What would you like to eat, David?
B:Can I have a few potatoes with a little cheese?
Many and much mean a large number or amount of something.
many + plural count noun
The rich man has many cars .
There are many books in the library.
How many candles do you need?
A Few / A Little
A few and a little mean a small number or amount of something.
a few + plural count noun
I don’t have much information .
There isn’t much milk in the refrigerator.
How much time do we have?
A lot of has the same meaning as many and much. It can describe both plural count nouns
and noncount nouns.
a little + noncount noun
He has a few friends .
There are a few cookies on the table.
They bought a few flowers .
much + noncount noun
She has a little money .
There is a little water in the bottle.
Add a little yogurt to the sauce.
There are a lot of computers.
(= There are many computers.)
Karen has a few apples.
David has a little time before his flight.
A
A
B
many
2. ( a few / a little ) boxes
2. We don’t eat
3. ( a few / a little ) children
4. ( a few / a little ) men
3. Sarah doesn’t have
5. ( a few / a little ) tea
6. ( a few / a little ) honey
4. Do you need
7. ( a few / a little ) chances
8. ( a few / a little ) letters
5. She doesn’t have
9. ( a few / a little ) oil
10.( a few / a little ) bread
Complete the sentences with a few or a little .
A few
doctors are working tonight.
a little
3. I need
4.
a little
A few
5. My friend has
6. Could I have
7. The students have
rain this week.
sleep.
a little
English novels.
ice in my drink?
a few
meat.
many
many
much
6. The doctor didn’t give me
B
friends.
chairs?
Much is not used in positive
sentences.
money.
much
advice.
I have much time. (×)
I have a lot of time. ( )
Circle the correct words.
1. There are ( many / much ) people in the gym.
2. We had ( many / a lot of ) fun, didn’t we?
3. How ( many / much ) brothers do you have?
people were at the shopping mall.
a few
paintings in the gallery.
much
1. ( a few / a little ) butter
2. There will be
14
Complete the sentences with many or much .
1. There are
Circle the correct words.
1.
I don’t have a lot of money.
(= I don’t have much money.)
questions.
4. How ( many / much ) sleep do you get every night?
5. I have ( much / a lot of ) pencils in my pencil case.
6. People eat ( many / a lot of ) sugar every day.
7. Pablo bought ( many / much ) shirts last weekend.
Unit 3 • Quantifiers
15
Practice
A
Complete the sentences with a few or a little .
a few
1. There are
a few
3. We saw
4.Add
a little
5. There is only
Restaurants
Sightseeing
coffee every day.
Maybe you don’t want to spend
a little
7. He wrote down
a few
time outside in winter. But there are
juice in the refrigerator.
them. We have
French.
a few
3
ice rinks in the city.
(a few / a little)
However, Rockefeller Center is the most famous one. You will find New Yorkers and
ideas on a piece of paper.
animals can survive in the desert.
4
tourists there. There are also
a lot of
Write many or much for the underlined words.
many
2. We didn’t eat a lot of bread yesterday.
much
3. There are a lot of fish in the pond.
many
4. I don’t have a lot of time to eat breakfast.
much
5. My brother doesn’t drink a lot of milk.
much
6. There are a lot of beautiful buildings in London.
many
B
a little
6
tall buildings and a
money if you visit early in the
(a little / a few)
morning during weekdays.
1. They have a lot of oranges.
many
5
(many / much)
Find the five mistakes and correct them.
1
Many students study at schools. However, there are
2
a few
students who study at home. This is called homeschooling.
Homeschooling has
much advantages. First, regular students
3
Circle the correct words to complete the dialogues.
spend
1. A Why did you buy ( a lot of / much ) apples?
students don’t have to travel at all. They can also study their
B I collect them. I spent ( many / a lot of ) money on them.
4. A Look! There are ( much / a lot of ) people at the park.
a few time traveling to school. But homeschooling
5
many hours. And because there is only one
student, he or she gets
there are also
B I went to ( a few / a little ) beaches. I swam every day.
3. A You have so ( many / much ) comic books!
4
favorite subject for
B I’m going to make apple jam this afternoon.
2. A What did you do on your trip?
16
a lot of
(much / a lot of)
big Christmas tree. You can save
C
2
outdoor activities in New York. Ice skating is one of
(a little / a lot of)
B
much
1
(many / much)
pepper to your soup.
a little
a few
Hotels
singers at the festival.
6. They can speak
8.Only
This is a travel guide for New York. Choose and complete the sentences.
birthday presents for Sarah.
a little
2. My dad drinks
A
7
6
many time with the teacher. However,
a few disadvantages. Homeschooling students
usually have only
8
also don’t have
much chances to learn from other students around them.
③ many
10
a little friends. They don’t have
④ a lot of
⑥ a lot of
9
much social interaction. They
⑧ a few
⑩ many
B Wow. There is ( many / a lot of ) trash, too.
Unit 3 • Quantifiers
17
4
Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
A:Is this bike yours?
B:No, it’s not mine. Somebody left it here.
We use an indefinite pronoun when we don’t give specific information about a person or
thing. We also use it when a person or thing is unknown.
Pronouns & Possessives
A subject pronoun replaces a subject noun, and an object pronoun replaces an object noun.
A possessive adjective comes before a noun and tells who the noun belongs to.
A possessive pronoun can replace a possessive adjective and its noun.
Singular
Plural
Object Pronoun
Possessive Adjective
Possessive Pronoun
I
me
my
mine
you
you
your
yours
Positive
he / she / it
him / her / it
his / her / its
his / hers / -
we
us
our
ours
Negative /
Question
you
you
your
yours
they
them
their
theirs
Jake is a teacher.
He loves his students.
All the students respect him.
A
Somebody sent me a love letter.
Subject Pronoun
1. The runners are very thirsty. We’ll give
2. Patrick was in class.
He
3. Do your know Paul and Robert?
4. We always take our bags with
Person
Positive
(Negative meaning)
them
us
I saw somebody in the classroom.
I have something for you.
I don’t know anybody in your class.
Do you know anybody in my class?
I don’t have anything in my bag.
Do you have anything in your bag?
Nobody is in the classroom.
Nothing is on the table.
I saw nobody on the street.
(= I didn’t see anybody on the street.)
A
Circle the correct words.
some water.
2. There is ( anything / nothing ) in the box.
3. I don’t know ( something / anything ) about him.
are my good friends.
4. He gave me ( anything / something ) for my birthday.
5. ( Nobody / Anybody ) visited her last Christmas.
when we go shopping.
6. Hello? Is ( anybody / nobody ) here?
B
here is no difference
T
between -one and –body.
somebody = someone
anybody = anyone
nobody = no one
Circle the correct words.
1. Here is a letter from ( my / me ) friend in London.
18
He has nothing in his pocket.
(= He doesn’t have anything in his pocket.)
1. I met ( somebody / anybody ) at the mall.
asked the teacher some questions.
They
Thing
Nobody and nothing are used in positive sentences, but they have negative meanings.
Mr. and Mrs. Jones bought a house.
This is their new house.
This house is theirs.
Complete the sentences with subject or object pronouns.
There is something in your ear.
B
Match the sentences.
2. My father always wears ( him / his ) glasses.
1. She keeps nothing in the drawer. •
• Nobody remembered her birthday.
3. Jane lost ( her / hers ) dog in the park.
2. I am hungry.
•
• The drawer is empty.
4. The students turned off ( their / theirs ) phones.
3. I didn’t know where to go.
•
• Somebody gave me directions.
5. My sister drew the picture. The picture is ( her / hers ).
4. Carrie is very sad today.
•
• I didn’t eat anything for lunch.
6. These aren’t their books. The books are ( our / ours ).
5. I found something on the street. •
• It was an old coin.
Unit 4 • Pronouns
19
Practice
A
Complete the dialogues with pronouns and possessive adjectives.
He
1. A Look at Ben.
But there was
car?
my
B I sold it. This is
It was a dark night. When I got home, the front door was open.
?
your
2. A David, where is
is holding a skateboard.
his
B Is the skateboard
Something happened on a dark night. Choose and complete the sentences.
A
(anybody / nobody)
B No, it isn’t
.
you
4. A These presents are for
bag is much bigger.
(Somebody / Nobody)
them
. Please, open
(Something / Anything)
was in the garage. I slowly opened the door. It
Somebody
3
Her
was my father!
.
his arms.
B Thank you very much!
He
4
was holding
(He / She)
Choose and complete the sentences.
1.something
anything
2. somebody
anybody
something
Somebody
anything
Do you want
4. somebody
anybody
Can
I want
We
6
on her desk.
was a
It
7
(It / They)
little kitten.
is knocking on Mr. White’s door.
anything
something
anybody
Somebody
have a new family member,” said Dad.
in the old cabinet.
anybody
Your secret is safe with me. I won’t tell
3.something
anything
in
(Our / We)
My sister doesn’t let me touch
I found
something
5
(something / anything)
“Dad, what are you doing in here?” I asked. “
B
was
Something
2
wrong! Then, I heard a sound from the garage.
new car. Do you like it?
3. A Is this Lucy’s bag?
hers
at home.
nobody
1
.
Find the five mistakes and correct them.
B
else?
Karen is a blind girl and Jasper is her guide dog. Karen can’t do
for dessert. Can I see the menu?
1
speak German?
nothing without him. What does he do for Karen?
Jasper is trained to help
called you an hour ago.
He doesn’t listen to
4
2
nobody but
somebody else.
3
5
her owner, Karen.
He only leads Karen
around. Other dogs get distracted by things easily, but Jasper
doesn’t. When there is
C
→
There
is nothing
in the room.
2. There wasn’t anybody on the street. →
There
was nobody
on the street.
3. They don’t know anything about it.
→
They
know nothing
4. I don’t have anything in my pocket.
→
I
have nothing
5. He doesn’t listen to anybody.
→
He
listens to nobody
1. There isn’t anything in the room.
20
7
Complete the sentences using nobody or nothing .
about it.
in my pocket.
6
something dangerous around
them, he stops or barks. So Karen knows that
8
she should
be careful. Jasper also responds to Karen’s call before
9
anything else’s. Now,
10
their trust each other very much. Jasper is Karen’s best
helper and friend.
① anything
③ his
④ anybody
⑨ anybody
⑩ they
.
Unit 4 • Pronouns
21
5
Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be
Yes/No Questions
A:Is James in the kitchen?
B:No, he isn’t. He was in the kitchen five minutes ago.
To make a yes/no question, place the verb be before the subject.
Question
Positive & Negative
Present Simple
The verb be tells who, what, or where the subject is or was.
Positive
Present Simple
Past Simple
Past Simple
Negative
I am a news reporter.
She is always honest.
They are on the playground.
I’m not a news reporter.
She isn’t always honest.
They aren’t on the playground.
I was nervous about the exam.
Olivia was at the museum.
We were sick yesterday.
I wasn’t nervous about the exam.
Olivia wasn’t at the museum.
We weren’t sick yesterday.
Question
Time expressions such as yesterday, two days ago, last weekend, and last December can
be used in the past simple.
A
Answer
A
Choose and complete the sentences.
is
1. A bookshelf
wasn’t
2. The soup
3.Gary
a piece of furniture.
isn’t
is
tasty. So I didn’t eat it.
isn’t
in his office now. Call him later.
are
4. The flowers
aren’t
5. These books
are
real. You don’t need to water them.
only $5 each. Let’s buy one.
were
6. The football players
aren’t
Yes, I am.
Yes, he is.
Yes, they are.
No, I’m not.
No, he isn’t.
No, they aren’t.
Were you popular in high school?
Was she a cheerleader?
Were your parents outside?
Yes, I was.
Yes, she was.
Yes, they were.
No, I wasn’t.
No, she wasn’t.
No, they weren’t.
Are you afraid of dogs?
No, we aren’t.
We are afraid of spiders.
Was Helen a nurse 20 years ago?
No, she wasn’t.
She was a photographer then.
Complete the questions in the past simple.
1. Is Kelly a fashion designer?
→
Was Kelly
a fashion designer?
2. Is Jake on vacation?
→
Was Jake
on vacation?
3. Are you at the concert?
→
Were you
at the concert?
4. Is this sofa on sale?
→
Was this sofa
5. Are they close friends?
→
Were they
close friends?
6. Are the stars bright tonight?
→
Were the stars
bright tonight?
on sale?
were
in the stadium 30 minutes ago.
Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Complete the sentences using the verb be .
are
1. Trees and flowers
was
2. My cat
all plants.
tiny a few months ago. Now it’s quite big.
3. My grandfather is bald now, but he
4. My brothers
5.Sue
6. Junk food
22
Are you a volleyball player?
Is James taller than Paul?
Are they in the garden?
wasn’t
B
B
Answer
were
isn’t
wasn’t
bald 20 years ago.
short last year, but they are tall now.
sick today, but she was sick yesterday.
isn’t
good for your health. Soft drinks aren’t, either.
1. A Is the coat too small for him?
B
Yes
, it is
.
2. A Was he late this morning?
B
Yes
, he was
.
3. A Were they in Canada last year?
B
No
, they weren’t
.
4. A Are you good at painting?
B
No
, I’m not
.
Unit 5 • Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be
23
Practice
A
Write the sentences using the verb be in the present simple or past simple.
Present
A
Past
1. Iam not at the restaurant.
I wasn’t at the restaurant.
Simpson is a kind teacher.
2. Mr.
Mr. Simpson was a kind teacher.
friends and I are excited.
3. My
My friends and I were excited.
4. Julie is bored with the music.
Julie was bored with the music.
5. Jeff and Lisa aren’t very busy.
Jeff and Lisa weren’t very busy.
Jonathan is talking about an old photo. Complete the passage about him and his
friends.
Luke, Bob, and I took this photo 20 years ago. Luke
thin then. He
Luke
Bob
I
him.
C
Complete the dialogues.
B No
, it isn’t
. It is far from the park.
2. A Was your power off last night?
B Yes
, it was
. We used candles.
3. A Were the shirts dirty?
B No
, they weren’t . They were clean.
4. A Are you at school now?
B No
, I’m not
. I’m at the mall.
5. A Is the radio too loud?
B No
, it isn’t
. The volume is fine.
isn’t
5
2.
3.
. He is a sports reporter. When I
young, I enjoyed looking at stars.
was
Now I
B
The Orsay Museum in Paris
2. A
4. A
24
Were they
B No, they
. But she looks nervous.
bored in science class?
weren’t
Were you
B No, we
ready for the presentation?
is
B Yes, she
3. A
Is she
. We enjoy volunteering.
. They learned about dinosaurs.
at home last night?
weren’t
were
are close to the Seine
2
of the museum. The building itself
4
is on the outside
3
is a work of
is special because of its unusual history.
platforms
members of a volunteer club?
are
B Yes, we
1
River. Two beautiful giant clocks
4.
The building
Are you
8
Find the five mistakes and correct them.
art. It
1. A
an astronaut. We
am
7
best friends 20 years ago, and we still are now!
Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues.
1.
a little chubby when
he a basketball player now? No,
Is
4
6
1. A Is your school near the park?
was
3
wasn’t
2
he was young. Bob always had his basketball with
he
B
very thin now, but he
is
1
6
5
is a railway station in 1900. But the
was too short for the longer trains. So,
the station building was changed into a museum in 1986.
The museum
7
is very successful. Masterpieces by famous artists from the 19th century,
such as Monet, Manet, and Van Gogh,
8
with many tourists. The Orsay Museum
are on display now. It
10
9
is usually crowded
was one of the most popular museums in the
world.
① is
② are
⑤ was
⑥ were
⑩ is
. We went to Helen’s house.
Unit 5 • Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be
25
6
Present Simple vs. Past Simple
Yes/No Questions
A:Did you study at the library yesterday?
B:Yes, I did. But I usually study at home.
To make a yes/no question in the present simple, place do or does before the subject. In the
past simple, place did before the subject.
Question
Positive & Negative
Present Simple
The present simple tells about facts or habits. The past simple tells about what happened
in the past.
Positive
Present Simple
Past Simple
Past Simple
Negative
I like flowers.
He eats breakfast every day.
We work at a restaurant.
I don’t like flowers.
He doesn’t eat breakfast every day.
We don’t work at a restaurant.
I studied math last night.
She went to school yesterday.
They visited China last year.
I didn’t study math last night.
She didn’t go to school yesterday.
They didn’t visit China last year.
Question
Answer
A
A
Choose and complete the sentences.
read
visit
go
finish
go
1. I wake up early every day. So I usually
2. Brian likes his uncle very much. He
3.Kate
read
finished
1.
26
walk
I
doesn’t listen
2.
listen
He
3.
study
Maria
4.
use
Mr. and Mrs. Hill
5.
buy
I
6.
sleep
Michael
7.
make
They
8.
wait
We
Did you see him yesterday?
Did she fix the oven last night?
Did they go to the zoo last weekend?
Yes, I did.
Yes, she did.
Yes, they did.
No, I didn’t.
No, she didn’t.
No, they didn’t.
Does John usually wear jeans?
Yes, he does.
Did John wear jeans yesterday?
No, he didn’t. He wore a suit.
Complete the questions.
1. Plants need water and light.
→
Do plants need
water and light?
2. Ron had a cold last week.
→
Did Ron have
a cold last week?
3. Tina has many friends.
→
Does Tina have
him every month.
5. They took a train to Seattle. →
Did they take
at ten.
to school every day.
6. Sally plays the guitar.
→
Does Sally play
7. She chatted online.
→
Did she chat
many friends?
a marathon last year?
a train to Seattle?
the guitar?
online?
Look at the pictures and write the correct answers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
to the radio every morning.
French these days.
don’t use
their car on Mondays.
1. A Does the earth move around the sun?
B Yes
, it does
.
2. A Does she take online lessons every day?
B Yes
, she does
.
dinner yesterday.
3. A Did you bring your camera?
B No
, I didn’t
.
for the bus earlier.
4. A Did he wash his hands before lunch?
B No
, he didn’t
.
this computer last September.
didn’t sleep
didn’t make
didn’t wait
No, I don’t.
No, he doesn’t.
No, they don’t.
Did he run
B
doesn’t study
didn’t buy
Yes, I do.
Yes, he does.
Yes, they do.
4. He ran a marathon last year. →
Complete the negative sentences.
don’t walk
Do you take a bus every day?
Does he watch TV in the evening?
Do they have history class on Tuesday?
to bed early.
this book every day when she was young.
4. I got home late because the movie
B
visits
Answer
on the sofa last night.
Unit 6 • Present Simple vs. Past Simple
27
Practice
A
Complete the sentences in the present simple or past simple.
eats
1.
eat
2.
study
3.
stay
It snowed a lot. So, my brother
4.
take
Lisa
Amy usually
5.
have
6.
see
studied
I
A
Complete the passage about what the children did last summer.
a sandwich for lunch.
Every Summer
very hard for the exam last night.
took
stayed
I
at home.
Jane
has
Willy is busy because he
Paul and Amy
seven classes today.
saw
It wasn’t cloudy. We
the full moon.
I usually
Look at the table and complete the sentences in the past simple.
Jane
What they did at the school festival
5
sell
candles
kites
Joshua
make
muffins
lemonade
Clair
bring
old books
old clothes
perform
a play
a song
Peter
Sam and Linda
sold
1.Peter
didn’t make
3.Clair
brought
muffins. He
old books. She
performed
4. Sam and Linda
didn’t sell
candles. He
2.Joshua
read a lot of books
read a lot of books
travel with my family
visit my grandparents
visit my grandparents
take swimming lessons
go to a science fair
go to a science fair
try scuba diving
many pictures in Italy last summer.
2
B
didn’t bring
a play. They
didn’t read
visits
4
didn’t visit
a lot of books every summer. But last summer, I
any books. Instead, I
B
B No
2. A
B Yes
28
,
I didn’t
B No
he
, he did
Does
do
old clothes.
them because she
a song.
Nick
, he doesn’t
meet
Sarah yesterday?
. He met her at the museum.
live
near your house?
swimming lessons
8
tried
7
went
scuba diving.
love watching movies with his mother at the movie theater.
After he
He
4
finished high school, he
2
3
moved to Hollywood.
works hard day and night and learned many things
from the directors there. Then, one day, a famous director
5
French?
. She speaks German, too.
took
industry. How did he become a film director? As a boy, he
the laundry last night?
speak
6
John Jameson is one of the most popular film directors in the
. I did my homework last night.
your sister
, she does
Did
B Yes
4. A
you
Does
3. A
Did
with my family.
traveled
Find the five mistakes and correct them.
Complete the dialogues using the underlined words.
1. A
3
her grandparents every summer. But last summer, she
there last summer, too. They also
lemonade.
didn’t perform
read
every day. Paul and Amy go to a science fair every summer. They
kites.
made
1
1
C
Last Summer
Now, he
6
decides to give him a chance behind the camera.
made action movies. He
7
with many actors and actresses. They
hard and
10
① loved
use a wide range of special effects. He
9
8
works
talk about the scenes together. Everyone works
creates powerful scenes that are full of emotion.
④ worked
⑤ decided
⑥ makes
⑦ uses
. He lives far from my house.
Unit 6 • Present Simple vs. Past Simple
29
7
Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
B
A:Are you eating dinner now?
B:No, I’m not. I usually eat dinner before seven.
Circle the correct words.
1. A What are you doing this Saturday?
2. A Is Amy at home?
Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
The present simple tells about facts or habits. The present continuous tells about actions
happening now or in the near future.
Present Simple
<fact>
The water is boiling in the kitchen now.
<right now>
I am not walking to school these days.
<around now>
I usually walk to school.
They go skating in winter.
<habits>
C
They are going skating this weekend.
<in the near future>
Jenny plays the piano.
She isn’t playing the piano now.
She is reading a book now.
B Yes. She ( sleeps / is sleeping ) in her room.
3. A Do you usually cook dinner?
Present Continuous
Water boils at 100 degrees.
B We always ( visit / are visiting ) our grandparents on Saturdays.
B Yes. But I ( don’t cook / am not cooking ) dinner this evening.
Complete the sentences in the present simple or present continuous.
is listening
1.
listen
My sister
2.
play
The children
3.
study
Mark
4.
work
My father
5.
get
Jane
6.
use
Ms. Duke
Dave reads the newspaper every morning.
He isn’t reading the newspaper now.
He is brushing his teeth now.
to music now.
are playing
studies
Spanish once a week.
works
is getting
cards at the moment.
as a mechanic at a big company.
on the train now.
uses
a blender in her cooking class every day.
Stative (Non-Action) Verbs
Stative verbs, or non-action verbs, are not usually used in the continuous tenses.
A
Circle the correct time expressions.
like
know
want
love
understand
need
hate
remember
believe
1. My brother and I watch TV ( now / every night ).
I know the girl over there.
I’m knowing the girl over there. (X)
My brother and I are watching TV ( now / every night ).
She wants a new bike.
She is wanting a new bike. (X)
2. Louis teaches me French ( on Fridays / this Friday ).
Louis is teaching me French ( on Fridays / this Friday ).
3. Lisa drinks coffee ( now / after lunch ).
Lisa is drinking coffee ( now / after lunch ).
4. We go to the movies ( this weekend / once a month ).
We are going to the movies ( this weekend / once a month ).
5. Sally wears glasses ( on weekdays / today ).
Sally is wearing glasses ( on weekdays / today ).
A
Circle the correct words.
1. Sarah ( loves / is loving ) cute animals.
2. He ( doesn’t understand / isn’t understanding ) the question.
3. We ( need / are needing ) the dictionary right now.
4. Tom and Chris ( remember / are remembering ) the tall man.
5. John ( wants / is wanting ) some food now.
6. They ( believe / are believing ) the strange story.
30
Unit 7 • Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
31
Practice
A
Choose and complete the sentences in the present simple or present continuous.
carry
1.He
sit
is wearing
hate
A
This is Ben’s letter to his grandmother in China. Read and complete the letter.
wear
Dear Grandma,
How is everything in China? I
a T-shirt and shorts today.
am going
2. The truck
carries
vegetables from the farm every Friday.
to China soon! I’m very excited to see you. These days,
3. My sister
hates
cockroaches.
Amanda and I
are sitting
4. Jason and Tim
2 (learn)
difficult, but we
in the hall at the moment.
are learning Chinese. It’s
3 (study)
are studying very hard now.
It is Monday today. I always
B
1 (go)
outside on Mondays. I
Complete the dialogues.
now, so I
1. A Let’s go to the movies. I want to watch The Ghost House .
B Great. I
love
am writing
7 (write)
playing soccer. But it
love
5 (love)
4 (play)
this letter. I
8 (remember)
play
is raining
6 (rain)
remember
your delicious
cookies. I can’t wait to taste them again. I miss you very much.
horror movies. (love)
Love,
Ben
2. A Justin is over there. You like him, don’t you?
B Yes, but he
3. A
Do
doesn’t remember
need
you
meeting me. (not / remember)
help? (need)
B
B Yes, please. I’m looking for a post office.
Find the five mistakes and correct them.
4. A I don’t understand this question. Let’s send Mr. Parker an email.
don’t know
B Okay, but I
Merry Christmas! Are you wondering why it doesn’t look
his email address. (not / know)
cold here? It’s because I’m in Australia! Summer
1
is
starting in December here. So, we never have a white
C
Complete the sentences in the present simple or present continuous.
get up
Maria usually
sleep
But she
is sleeping
2.
have
Carl
has
travel
He
many friends in Japan.
is traveling
to Japan next week.
is telling
not / believe
But we
don’t believe
4.
want
Emily
cook
tell
Her mother
wants
us a story about a famous singer now.
the story.
pasta for dinner tonight.
is cooking
snow! We
early in the morning.
now.
Jake
3.
32
gets up
1.
Christmas. But that’s okay because we
everything else. People
3
2
aren’t needing
have Christmas trees, candles, and
eat,
5
exchange presents, and
Now, I’m at the beach. People
7
are having a Christmas barbecue. Families
4
6
celebrates the holiday with
their family and friends.
the holiday. I see Santa Claus at the beach, too. However, he
suit now. Instead, he
10
9
8
enjoying
doesn’t wear his red
is wearing a red bathing suit. Isn’t it funny? Next year, come
and enjoy summer Christmas in Australia!
① starts
② don’t need
⑥ celebrate
⑧ are enjoying
⑨ isn’t wearing
pasta for her now.
Unit 7 • Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
33
8
Present vs. Past Continuous
B
Choose and complete the negative sentences in the present or past continuous.
A:I called you yesterday. Were you sleeping?
B:No, I wasn’t. I was listening to music then.
take
aren’t sitting
1. Grace and I
Positive & Negative
Positive
Present
Continuous
I am watching TV now.
She is driving to the mall.
They are running on the track.
I’m not watching TV now.
She isn’t driving to the mall.
They aren’t running on the track.
Past
Continuous
The music was playing in the room.
We were flying to Rome.
The machines were working well.
The music wasn’t playing in the room.
We weren’t flying to Rome.
The machines weren’t working well.
now
A
2.
at 2
3.
at 2
4.
to music when you called him.
A
Answer
Present
Continuous
Are you sending a text message?
Is she cooking dinner now?
Are they helping their mom?
Yes, I am.
Yes, she is.
Yes, they are.
No, I’m not.
No, she isn’t.
No, they aren’t.
Past
Continuous
Were you sleeping on the sofa?
Was she talking on the phone?
Were they singing the song together?
Yes, I was.
Yes, she was.
Yes, they were.
No, I wasn’t.
No, she wasn’t.
No, they weren’t.
today
at 2
a shopping list right now.
Question
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences in the present and past continuous.
1.
on the stairs now.
To make a yes/no question, place the verb be before the subject.
now
yesterday
write
Yes/No Questions
Lisa is talking to her friend now.
She was watching a movie at 8:30 yesterday.
8:30
wasn’t listening
4.Ray
sit
an exam at 4:30 yesterday.
isn’t writing
3. My dad
Negative
yesterday
wasn’t taking
2.Tony
The present continuous tells about actions happening right now. The past continuous tells
about actions that were happening at a particular time in the past.
listen
Circle the correct words.
1. ( Are / Were ) they ( have / having ) breakfast now?
at 2
2. ( Is / Was ) he ( jog / jogging ) when you met him?
now
now
3. ( Is / Was ) it ( snow / snowing ) yesterday morning?
now
now
1.
It
rain
It
was snowing
is raining
catch
Sarah
read
She
is reading
3.
drive
Mark
was driving
wash
He
is washing
4.
swim
Chris
do
He
at two o’clock.
now.
was catching
2.
34
snow
was swimming
is doing
4. ( Are / Were ) they ( buy / buying ) flowers when you saw them?
B
Complete the dialogues.
1. A
Were you
feeding the cat?
B Yes, I was.
a book about insects now.
2. A
Is she
washing the dishes?
B Yes, she is.
his car at two o’clock.
3. A
Was he
fixing his computer?
B No, he wasn’t.
dragonflies at two o’clock.
4. A Are the children taking pictures?
B No, they aren’t
.
at two o’clock.
5. A Was Mike talking to his friend?
B Yes, he was
.
his homework now.
6. A Were Sandra and Mia staying at a hotel?
B No, they weren’t
.
his car now.
Unit 8 • Present vs. Past Continuous
35
Practice
A
Choose and complete the sentences in the present or past continuous.
bake
stand
was cleaning
3.Paul
is baking
bark
is barking
1. It’s noisy outside. A dog
2.Justin
clean
Scott, Jane, and Ed went to the zoo. Look at the pictures and complete the
sentences.
A
lie
loudly.
talk
sit
buy
his room at 7:30 p.m.
give
bread. It smells really delicious.
was lying
4. When I got home, Sue
was standing
5. When Karen saw Tom, he
watch
on the sofa.
in front of the museum.
at 10:30
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1.Billy
3
was reading
a magazine. (read)
2.He wasn’t wearing
10 a.m.
She
coffee. (drink)
4.He
wasn’t talking
on the phone. (talk)
5.It
is raining
7.They aren’t studying
8.They
9
isn’t giving
7
4
a drink from a vending machine. He
is buying
an elephant an apple now. Jane
on a bench now. Ed
aren’t sitting
sandwiches. (eat)
B Yes, I am
2. A
English. (study)
in France were not busy. Some shops
36
they
Were
you
B Yes, I was
4. A
Were
Was
a few tourists
you
coming
playing
home now? (come)
soccer at five o’clock yesterday? (play)
. Another team was playing then.
walking
in the park when I called you? (walk)
. I was with Amy.
she
B No, she wasn’t
watching
is talking
a koala.
to a parrot. He
At 7 p.m. yesterday evening, the market streets of Nice
on the grass. (sit)
. I will be there soon.
B No, they weren’t
3. A
are
is hugging
Find the five mistakes and correct them.
B
Complete the dialogues.
1. A Mom,
8
6
the dolphin show now.
Some people
C
an
the dolphin show.
isn’t sitting
isn’t watching
was giving
on a bench. What was Ed doing? He
was sitting
2
1
now. (rain)
are eating
6. Mary and Alice
now
5
was drinking
was watching
Now it’s 2:00. Scott
glasses. (wear)
3.He
at 2:00
Scott’s mother called Scott at 10:30. When she called, Scott
elephant an apple. Jane
B
hug
TV when you came home? (watch)
4
2
3
1
were closing.
was walking to their homes, and only
were take pictures. A few couples
were eating dinner inside one of the restaurants.
But now, at 10 a.m., the market is very busy! The streets are filled with tents. People
5
are selling many different things. Many people
bread. A French woman
7
6
buying fresh vegetables, fish, and
is holds a bunch of fresh flowers. Many tourists
8
are walking through the market. They
10
are hopeing to remember this special market experience!
② were walking ③ were taking
9
are looking for unique souvenirs. They
⑥ are buying
⑦ is holding
⑩ are hoping
. She wasn’t at home then.
Unit 8 • Present vs. Past Continuous
37
9
Present Perfect
B
A:Have you met John before?
B:No, I haven’t. But I have heard a lot about him.
Circle the correct words.
1. I ( want / have wanted ) a smartphone for a long time.
2. David ( lives / has lived ) in San Francisco for ten years.
3. We ( see / have seen ) the musical Mamma Mia three times.
Positive & Negative
4. Mr. Murphy ( works / has worked ) at this bank for five months.
We use the present perfect when an action started in the past and continues in the
present. It uses the form have/has + past participle. To make the past participles of verbs,
add -ed to the verbs in most cases.
5. They ( are / have been ) to India twice.
Yes/No Questions
I have known Sam for three years.
To make a yes/no question, place have or has before the subject.
three years ago
now
Positive
I / You /
We / They
I have
He / She / It
He has
Question
Negative
I haven’t
visited the museum.
visited the museum.
He hasn’t
Have
you
the students
Has
he
Jenny
Answer
Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.
Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.
finished the project?
Yes, he has.
Yes, she has.
No, he hasn’t.
No, she hasn’t.
* haven’t = have not / hasn’t = has not
Common irregular past participles
A
Present
Past
Past Participle
Present
Past
Past Participle
put
read
have
make
meet
send
teach
put
read
had
made
met
sent
taught
put
read
had
made
met
sent
taught
be
do
go
eat
see
know
write
was/were
did
went
ate
saw
knew
wrote
been
done
gone
eaten
seen
known
written
1.
write
Mark
2.
read
My brother and I
3.
meet
My parents
4.
play
He
several stories over the last five years.
have read
have met
has played
the book five times.
my best friend Sue many times.
the guitar for seven years.
Andy
hasn’t seen
any movies for a long time.
6. not / talk
Chloe
hasn’t talked
to Jake since Monday.
7. not / buy
They
haven’t bought
5. not / see
38
B
Complete the sentences in the present perfect.
has written
A
any clothes for a year.
Complete the questions in the present perfect.
1.
be
2.
know
3.
choose
4.
move
Have
you
been
Hasknown
Mark
Have
they
chosen
Havemoved
you
to Japan before?
Mary since elementary school?
the topic for their presentation?
a new apartment?
Complete the dialogues.
1. A Has Jenny returned the books?
B No
, she hasn’t
. She is still reading them.
2. A Have your parents seen your painting?
B Yes
,
they have
. They really liked it.
3. A Have you worn glasses for a long time?
B Yes
,
I have
. I have worn them since I was very young.
4. A Has your brother found his wallet?
B No
,
he hasn’t
. He is still looking for it.
Unit 9 • Present Perfect
39
Practice
A
Choose and complete the sentences in the present perfect.
live
leave
forget
Julia and Chris are on their vacations. Complete their letters in the present perfect.
A
return
1. Mom’s credit card is at home. She doesn’t have it with her now.
has left
→ Mom
her credit card at home.
have forgotten
→I
my password.
has lived
→ Kevin
→ Julie
I
five cities in
have visited
1 (visit)
2 (be)
3 (not/see)
amazing. I
such a
have taken
We
6 (move)
have moved
have played
7 (play)
a lot of
games together. Also, we
8 (read)
many
pictures in France. I will see you soon!
from the library.
to Europe. Show me the pictures later.
to Miami. I’m staying with them now.
haven’t seen
4 (take)
haven’t traveled
5 (not/travel)
My cousins
has been
beautiful city before. The Eiffel Tower is
with his dog for three years.
hasn’t returned
Wow. I
the best city so far.
4. Julie went to the library. She is not here now.
I’m in France now.
two weeks. Paris
3. Kevin’s parents bought him a dog three years ago. Kevin still has the dog.
Dear Chris,
I
2. I am trying to log in. I don’t remember my password.
Hi, Julia.
have read
many comic
books. Have fun in France!
Julia
Chris
B
Complete the dialogues in the present perfect.
1. A Who is J. K. Rowling?
has written
B She is an author. She
many popular books. (write)
Find the five mistakes and correct them.
B
2. A Is Ann in Seattle now?
hasn’t gone
B No, she
People
to Seattle yet. (not / go)
B I
have invent greenhouses in order to grow
vegetables and fruit all year long. Inside a greenhouse,
3. A Can you help me with a math problem?
haven’t finished
1
it is warm even during winter. But sadly, the same thing
my homework. I will help you later. (not / finish)
is happening to the earth. Pollution
greenhouse effect. People
C
1. A Has
Amy grown
B Yes
, she has
2. A Has
she
B No
Last year
Now
B No
cut
, she hasn’t
3. A Has
she
40
factories. Also, they
Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues in the present perfect.
gained
, she hasn’t
air. Scientists
6
her hair? (cut)
. Her hair is longer now.
have caused the
have used a lot of energy in
have used a lot of gas and coal in
cars and trains. These materials put toxic gases into the
taller? (grow)
.
4
3
2
5
have warned that this has many negative effects. The temperature
has goed up. Plants
7
not have grown well, and the amount of drinking water
decreased. In order to stop the greenhouse effect, scientists
to produce energy. And people
10
9
8
has
have thinked of new ways
have tried to use less gas and coal.
weight? (gain)
. She has lost weight.
① invented
② has caused
⑥ has gone up ⑦ have not grown ⑨ have thought
Unit 9 • Present Perfect
41
10
Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
B
A:Have you spoken to Mr. Stocks?
B:No, I haven’t. He has gone home early.
Circle the correct words.
1. John ( designed / has designed ) many products since 2011.
2. We ( moved / have moved ) to a new house three days ago.
3. Kate ( took / has taken ) the subway yesterday.
Use & Meaning 1
4. Jenny ( was / has been ) in Japan since last weekend.
We use the past simple to talk about what happened at a specific time in the past. But we
use the present perfect when an action in the past has an effect on the present. It shows
5. They ( worked / have worked ) as partners since June.
a link between the present and the past.
He has played the piano for three months.
three months ago
Now
He played the piano three months ago.
three months ago
Present Perfect
Use & Meaning 2
We also use the present perfect to talk about an experience that happened at some time
in the past. Unlike the past simple, the exact time of the event is not important.
Now
She has eaten Thai food before.
Past Simple
She has been a banker for two years.
(She still works there.)
She was a banker for two years.
(She doesn’t work there anymore.)
I have lost my bag.
(I don’t have it now.)
I lost my bag.
(I may or may not have it now.)
Now
last Sunday
Present Perfect
I saw a polar bear when I was ten.
(I saw it. I was ten at the time.)
I have lived here for five years. (= from five years ago until now)
I have lived here since 2010. (= from 2010 until now)
A
Circle the correct words.
Complete the sentences using the underlined words.
1. I have stayed at the hotel ( last Sunday / many times ).
1.John works at a restaurant. He became a chef in 2008.
2. He has never used a blender ( before / last week ).
→ John
has worked
3. Sarah played tennis ( two days ago / since 2009 ).
as a chef since 2008.
4. I didn’t see a musical ( in my life / yesterday ).
2. I met Susan three years ago. We know each other very well.
Now
Past Simple
I have seen a polar bear once.
(I saw a polar bear at some point in the past.)
For tells the duration of an action up to the present. Since tells when an action started.
A
She ate Thai food last Sunday.
→ Susan and I
have known
5. We have seen this movie ( last night / twice ).
each other for three years.
When we talk about an
experience, we can use never
instead of not.
I haven’t seen a bat.
= I have never seen a bat.
3. Tom caught a cold a week ago. He is still sick.
→ Tom
has been
sick for a week.
4. Andy moved to this town in 2013. He lives here now.
→ Andy
has lived
in this town since 2013.
5. Mr. Smith was my English teacher in first grade. He still teaches me English.
42
→ Mr. Smith
has taught
me English since first grade.
B
Complete the sentences in the present perfect.
1.
climb
2.
live
3.
never / try
4. never / meet
Brian
has climbed
My parents
I
Mary
this mountain many times.
have lived
have never tried
has never met
in Argentina before.
bungee jumping.
her uncle before.
Unit 10 • Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
43
Practice
A
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences in the present perfect.
1.
2.
3.
Look at what Joel has done from 2002 until now and complete the passage.
A
4.
Move to
China
Come back
to Canada
2002
2004
Publish
his novel
2006
2008
2010
live in China
finish
hasn’t open
1.She
2.Benjamin
open
travel
the box yet.
hasn’t finished
3.Lily
has been
4.Jason
has traveled
Joel
his homework. He can’t play outside now.
moved
1
in Canada since then. He
by airplane four times.
6
work as an author
write his first novel
write a new book
8
has worked
at a travel agency
worked
back to Canada. He
4
has lived
a bus from 2006 to 2012. He also
drove
5
2
came
3
his first novel then. He
wrote
Since then, he
B
drive a bus
to China in 2002. He
for four years. In 2006, he
in Australia for three days.
Now
live in Canada
work at a travel agency
be
2012
his novel in 2012.
published
7
as an author. His new book will be finished soon.
Complete the dialogues in the present perfect or past simple.
1. A Do you know Julia?
2. A Michael
have never met
B No, I don’t. I
has worked
her before. (never / meet)
for the company for ten years. (work)
B
Find the five mistakes and correct them.
B But he will retire in three months.
People
went
B He’s not here. He
B She
scientists
has been
2
becomes the first
person to observe Mars through a telescope. Since then,
out two hours ago. (go)
4. A How’s Susan?
studied Mars since the time of the ancient
Egyptians. In 1610, Galileo Galilei
3. A Where is Jeremy?
1
3
have learned many things about Mars. It is
a cold, dry, and rocky planet. They
sick since last Tuesday. (be)
4
discovered that it
is covered in craters and volcanoes. In the 19th century,
scientists
C
Choose and complete the sentences in the present perfect or past simple.
fail
1.Susie
failed
2.They
have seen
3.He
4.She
44
made
make
perform
see
her science exam yesterday.
shooting stars several times since last summer.
a reservation for the restaurant two days ago.
5
developed better telescopes and they
Some scientists
7
discover more things about Mars.
said that there were rivers on Mars. Some even
was life on Mars. However, later, scientists
Though scientists
6
10
9
8
thinked that there
discovered that these things were not true.
have make many important discoveries, there are still many more
exciting things to learn about Mars.
① have studied ② became
⑥ discovered
⑧ thought
⑩ have made
has performed at large concert halls since she became famous.
Unit 10 • Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
45
11
Future
Be Going To
A:I am going to vacuum the floor.
B:Okay. I will move the table and chairs for you.
Be going to also tells about the future. It is used for future plans that are already arranged.
Positive
He is going to study Chinese.
Will
Positive
She won’t go for a walk.
Question
Yes, she will.
No, she won’t.
Future predictions
based on evidence
in the present
You will grow taller next year.
It will snow tomorrow.
Promises
I will be home by three o’clock.
I won’t be late tomorrow.
Immediate decisions
I will call you later.
We will cook spaghetti tonight.
A
Complete the sentences with will or won’t .
take the subway.
will
2. We won’t play soccer this evening. We
is going to
will
won’t
won’t
study
forget to do my homework.
ride
order
will wear
1. I bought a pretty dress. I
2. She doesn’t like singing. She
go to the office.
am going to
aren’t going to
buy a book for her.
swim in the river.
4. They are hungry. They
5. The roller coaster looks scary. We
Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues.
1.
2.
3.
4.
it to the party.
won’t sing
will order
B
wear
in front of other people.
3. John has a very important test tomorrow. He
46
5. It is too cold outside. They
clean it.
isn’t going to
4. It is Amy’s birthday on Sunday. I
stay at home.
Choose and complete the sentences using will or won’t .
sing
am going to
read many books next month. She won’t be lazy.
5. I will be a good student. I
B
see the doctor. She has an appointment at 2 p.m.
3. It is a holiday today. Mr. Ross
watch a movie.
3.Mom and Dad will go shopping today. They
4.Kate
It is going to rain.
(The sky is dark.)
He’s going to be late for the nine o’clock meeting.
(It’s almost nine o’clock now and he hasn’t arrived yet.)
2. My room is too messy. I
won’t
1. He will take the bus to school. He
No, he isn’t.
Complete the sentences using be (not) going to .
1.She
A
Yes, he is.
I’m going to visit my uncle this summer.
(I’ve already planned it.)
We are going to travel by train.
(We already bought the train tickets.)
Future plans /
Intentions
Answer
Will she go for a walk?
Answer
Is he going to study Chinese?
Negative
She will go for a walk.
He isn’t going to study Chinese.
Question
Will expresses future predictions, promises, and immediate decisions.
Future predictions
Negative
will study
a lot of food.
won’t ride
it.
hard tonight.
1. A
Are
you
going to
buy some clothes?
B
Yes , I am
.
2. A
Is
he
going to
travel to Thailand?
B
No
, he isn’t
.
3. A
Are
they going to
Yes
,
they are
.
4. A
Is
she
No
, she isn’t
.
going to
borrow some books? B
send a letter?
B
Unit 11 • Future
47
Practice
A
Choose and complete the sentences using will or won’t .
answer
1. I don’t like coffee. I
arrive
like
will have
pay
won’t answer
will pay
be
clean
I
the phone.
will arrive
get
help
go
practice
watch
TV in the evening. Instead,
am not going to watch
1
study
(not / be going to)
I
with my credit card.
won’t like
4. My mom hates scary movies. She
5. Mike is on the way here. He
have
These are the children's plans. Choose and complete the sentences.
a cup of tea instead.
2. Mr. Woods is in a meeting now. He
3. I don’t have any cash. I
A
am going to practice
2
the violin. I
3
(be going to)
the movie about zombies.
I
soon.
lazy.
(not / will)
the house this weekend.
am going to clean
4
won’t be
(be going to)
I
my parents more often.
will help
5
(will)
B
Choose and complete the sentences using be (not) going to .
watch
take
jog
buy
My sister and I
a science class next semester.
2. It is raining now. Karen
isn’t going to jog
in the park.
We
5. My favorite TV show is on tonight. I
isn’t going to buy
am going to watch
a house yet.
B
it.
48
sing “Do-Re-Mi” at the competition?
cut your hair?
B No, I won’t. I prefer long hair.
4. A
Will you
Are you going to
(will)
Welcome to Lakewood University. My name is Sandra and I
am going show you around today.
go camping tomorrow?
2
will start our tour at the Student Center. If you become
a student at the university, you
graduate from high school this year?
B No, they won’t. They chose another song instead.
3. A
Will they
will get
Find the five mistakes and correct them.
We
B Yes, she is. It’s her last year of high school.
2. A
8
perfect scores on the math exam!
Complete the dialogues.
Is she going to
math all day. We
(be going to)
1
1. A
are going to study
7
around Asia this summer. I’m excited already!
4. Mr. Clark hasn’t saved enough money. He
C
shopping on Sunday.
(not / be going to)
1. Joshua likes science. He
are going to travel
are not going to go
travel
is going to take
3.We
6
Student Center. You
and timetable there. Next, I
5
tour is finished, we
8
7
will do many things at the
will enroll and get your student card
will take you to the university library. There are more
than 5.2 million books there. You
the library. The library
4
3
6
will needed a student card to borrow books from
will is crowded because final exams start soon. When this
will coming back here. We
then some current students
10
9
is going to have a short break and
will join us and tell you more about the university.
① am going to show ⑥ will need
⑦ will be
⑧ will come
⑨ are going to have
B Yes, I am. I already finished packing.
Unit 11 • Future
49
