NỀN GIÁO DỤC VIỆT NAM HAY NHẤT

" L A N G D O " TRONG PHONG TRAO XO VIET NGHE-TINH
V A V I E C L U U GIUT C A C D l T f C H " L A N G D O " Of N G H E - T I N H

NG6 DANG TRI*

1. CAC "LANG DO" TRONG PHONG
TRAO XO V I E T NGHE-TINH
1.1. Phong trao each mang 19301931 va X6 viet Nghe-TInh
Phong trao X6 viet Nghe-TTnh la phong
trao each mang cua quan chung cong nong
hai tinh Nghe An va Ha Tinh thdi ky 19301931, do Dang Cong san lanh dao, pha tan
chinh quyen de quoc, phong kien d cd sd,
thUc hien quyen tu quan cua nhan dan,
thong qua to chac nong hoi (thon bo nong,
xa bo nong), quan ly dia phudng theo kieu
chinh quyen X6 viet (hoi dong) o nildc Nga.
Nhung lang co chinh quyen X6 viet nhU
vay diicfc goi la "lang do" hay lang X6 viet
Nghe-TInh.
Su xuat hien cua phong trao each mang
1930-1931 va X6 viet Nghe - Tinh co cac
nguyen nhan sau xa va nguyen nhan true
tiep.
Trong qua trinh di tim difdng cUii nUdc,
cUu dan, thuc chat la di tim mot rao hinh

nha nude, mot the che chinh tri-kinh te kha
dl thuc hien dUdc nguyen vong ciia nhan
dan Viet Nam la doc lap, tu do, hanh phuc,
* PGS.TS. Khoa Lich sit,

r

sau nhieu hia chon, cuoi cung Ho Chi Minh
da quyet dinh lay mo hinh X6 viet d nUdc
Nga, do VI.Lenin thiet l&p, lam mau mUc.
TU sU hia chon do, Ho Chi Minh da gia
nh&p Dang Cong san Phap, truyen ba Chii
nghia Mac-Lenin vao Viet Nam, lam xua't
hien phong trao dan toe dan chu theo
khuynh hudng each mang vo san, d&n tdi
sii ra ddi cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam dau
nam 1930.
Nhu vay, nguyen nhan sau xa ciia cao
trao each mang 1930-1931 la stf hia chon
con dUdng each mang vo san cua Ho Chi
Minh va su" chi dao cua Quoc te Cong san.
Nguyen nhan true tiep la dUdng loi va
phUdng phap dau tranh ciia Dang Cong
san Viet Nam va sii c&m thu de quoc khi
cuoc khdi nghia Yen Bai (2-1930) bi tan sat
da man va tac dong tieu cUc ciia cuoc
khung hoang kinh te tu ban chii nghia the
gidi cung chinh sach boc lot ciia thiic dan
Phap, phong kien, lam cho ddi song nhan
dan Viet Nam cue kho,... Nguyen cd true

tiep la do Dang Cong san chu trUdng to
chUc cac cuoc mit tinh, bieu tinh ky niem
ngay Quoc te Lao dong 1-5-1930 rong khap

Udng DHKHXH&NV-DHQGHN


4
de doi quyen dan sinh, dan chu cho nhan
dan, nhiing cac cuoc mit tinh do bi thUc
dan Phap dung vu liic ngan can, khung bo',
dan tdi "tdc midc, vd bd".
Phong trao mang tinh toan quo'c ro net
bat ddu tu: ngay ky niem Quoc te Lao dong
1-5-1930 vdi sU xuat hien cac cupc mit tinh,
tuan hanh bieu diidng liic ludng, sii xuat
hien cd do bua liem, rai truyen ddn, dien
thuyet nhieu ndi, ca thanh thi va nong
thon, trong cong nhan va nong dan, khap
Bac, Trung, Nam Ky. Khau hieu dau tranh
khdng chi ddi dan sinh, dan chu cho cong
nong Viet Nam nhu ddi tang liidng, bdt gid
lam, giam sUu thue, thi hanh luat lao dong,
chdng khung bo' chinh tri... ma cdn mang
tinh qudc te, irng ho Lien bang Xd viet,
phan dd'i chien tranh de qudc. Rieng thang
5-1930 cd tdi 16 cuoc dau tranh cua cdng
nhan, 34 cuoc cua ndng dan, 4 cuoc cua hoc
sinh va dan ngheo thanh thi. TH thang 6
den thang 8-1930 ca nude cd 121 cuoc dau

tranh, trong dd cd 22 cuoc cua cdng nhan,
95 cuoc cua ndng dan, manh me nhat la
vung Nghe - Tinh.
Sii xuat hien cua cao trao Xd viet NgheTinh, ngoai nhung nguyen nhan chung cdn
cd mot sd' yeu to' dia - nhan rieng. Dd la do
Nghe-TTnh cd khu cdng nghiep Vinh - Ben
Thuy vdi sd' liidng cong nhan ddng, phong
trao cong nhan phat trien manh. Cac tinh
nay la que hudng cua Phan Boi Chau, Hd
Chi Minh, Tran Phii, Le Hong Phong, Ha
Huy Tap, Ho Tung Mau, Pham Hong Thai,
Le Hong Sdn... cd to' chdc Dang Cong san
phat trien rong khap, cd sii chi dao tnic
tiep cua cac Uy vien Trung udng Dang nhu
Nguyln Phong Sac, Nguyln Dric Canh, Le
Mao. Vung nay cung cd truyen tho'ng yeu
nude va each mang sdi nd'i, cuoc sdng cua
nhan dan rat thap do bi ap bifc, bdc lot
nang ne va thien tai trien mien. Sii tan bao

ftghien cuu Lich sU. so 2.2011
cua ke dich d vung nay ciing la mot tac
nhan dUa tdi cuoc dau tranh quyet t i i cua
quan chiing. Hoi du cac nhan td' chung va
rieng, cac cudc dau tranh d Nghe-Tinh da
phat trien manh va nhanh chdng trd thanh
trung tam, dinh cao ciia phong trao ca
nUdc.
Nhin chung, phong trao each mang
1930-1931 cd 3 giai doan: Giai doan md dau

(tit dau 1930 den cud'i 4-1930); giai doan
cao trao (tu 1-5-1930 den d i u 1931, sdi noi
nhat la den cuoi 1930); giai doan thoai trao
(giua 1931 den cuoi 1931).
1.2. Cac "lang do* t r o n g phong trao
X o v i e t Nghe-Tinh
Tai Nghe- Tinh, ngay 1-5-1930, theo chii
triidng chung, cong nhan nha may Diem,
nha may Ciia Ben Thuy cung hang ngan
ndng dan cac vung lan can thi xa Vinh ram
ro bieu tinh thi uy, mang theo cd do bua
liem va cac khau hieu ddi dan sinh dan
chu, ung ho each mang Nga. Thiic dan
Phap da cho binh Hnh xa sung vao doan
bieu tinh lam 7 ngUdi chet, 18 ngiidi bi
thudng, b i t di 100 ngiidi. Cung ngay hdm
dd, 3.000 ndng dan huyen Thanh Chiidng
bieu tinh pha ddn dien Ky Vien, cam cd bua
liem len ndc nha va tich thu ruong da't chia
cho ndng dan. Quan Phap va Hnh khd' xanh
da keo tdi dan ap, ban chet 18 ngUdi, bi
thiidng 30 ngUdi, bat nhieu ngiidi khac. Hai
tran dung do dau tien do da bao hieu tinh
quye't liet cua cac cuoc dau tranh tiep theo.
Trong thang 6 va 7-1930, Nghe - Tinh cd 11
cupc bieu tinh ldn vdi hang van ngiidi tham
gia.
Ngay 1-8-1930, cdng nhan khu cdng
nghiep Vinh- Ben Thuy da cd cuoc td'ng bai
cong nhan ngay Quo'c te chdng chien tranh

de' quo'c. Ngay 30-8-1930, ndng dan Nam
Dan keo len huyen diia yeu sach, pha nha
lao giai thoat cho nhiing ngUdi bi bat. Ngay


"Lang E6" rrong phong trao
1-9-1930, nong dan Thanh Chudng bao vay
va dot tru sd huyen. Ngay 7-9-1930, nong
dan Can Loc bieu tinh len huyen cldi giam
thue than, giam to, bo thue cho, thue' do.
Den thang 9-1930, cuoc noi day cua cong
nong Nghe - Tinh phat trien tdi dinh cao.
Quan chiing da bieu tinh thi uy vu trang,
tien cong vao cd quan chinh quyen dich d
dia phUdng.
De quoc Phap da dung bien phap khung
b6' khoe liet de dap tat cuoc noi day cua
cong nong Nghe-Tinh. Ngay 12-9-1930, hdn
2 van ngudi cl Hung Nguyen (Nghe An),
dang tap trung mit tinh hudng dng cuoc
dau tranh cua ndng dan cac huyen va cuoc
bai cdng cua cong nhan Vinh - Ben Thuy,
phan dd'i chinh sach khung bo' cua bon thiic
dan va tay sai da bi may bay cua quan doi
Phap den nem bom lam 217 ngiidi chet, 125
ngiidi bi thiidng. Nhu Ida do them dau,
sudt trong 2 thang 9 va 10-1930, d hau het
cac huyen cua Nghe An - Ha Tinh, nong
dan da vu trang khdi nghia, keo den pha
huyen ly, nha giam, nha ga xe Ida, cat day

dien tin, pha ddn dien cua bon thiic dan
Phap. Cdng nhan Vinh - Ben Thuy bai cong
sud't trong 2 thang lien de ung ho phong
trao ndng dan va phan dd'i chfnh sach
khung bd'cua dich.
Cuoc nd'i day cua nhan dan Nghe - Tinh
da lam cho bo may chinh quyen de qudc va
phong kien tay sai d nhieu huyen bi te
liet, d nhieu xa bi tan ra. Triidc tinh hinh
dd, cac td chdc Dang d dia phiidng da lanh
dao quan chiing thiic hien quyen lam chu,
tii diing ra quan ly lay ddi sd'ng cua minh,
hinh thanh nen cac 'lang do". Cac ban
chap hanh ndng hoi xa (xa bo nong), ndng
hdi thdn (thdn bo ndng) da ddng ra quan
ly moi mat ddi song chinh t r i va xa hoi d
ndng thdn, mac nhien lam nhiem vu. cua

5
chinh quyen each mang theo hinh thiic X6
viet.
Chinh quyen Xd viet da kien quye't tran
ap bon phan each mang, bai bd cac thii
thue do de qudc va phong kien dat ra, ddng
thdi thiic hien cac quyen tii do dan chu cho
nhan dan, chia lai ruong dat cong cho nong
dan, bat dia chu giam td, xda nd, khuyen
khich dan hoc chut qudc ngu, bai tru! me tin
di doan, trdm cUdp,... Cac to' chifc quan
chung, t i i nhiing hinh thdc thap nhu hoi

tudng te, hoi the due, den cac hinh thue cao
nhu ndng hoi, cdng hdi, hoi phu nii giai
phdng, doan thanh nien phan de, hoi hoc
sinh, hoi cdu te dd, tu ve do, nha't la nong
hoi, deu phat trien ra't manh. Viec tuyen
truyen giao due y thiic chinh t r i cho quan
chiing bang hoi nghi, mit tinh, sach bao
each mang dude dac biet chii trong va to
chiic rong rai...
Hoang sd trudc sU xuat hien cac lang do,
cac Xd viet cdng ndng va anh hudng cua
Dang Cong san, de qudc Phap da thiic hien
khung bd' trang, ra siic dan ap nhan dan
vdi nhieu thu doan xao quyet va tan bao.
Hang tram lang xdm bi triet ha, hang ngan
nha cda bi dot pha, hang van can bo, dang
vien cdng san bi ban giet, bi bat tu day, hau
het cac cd quan lanh dao cua Dang bi pha
vd, cac td chdc quan chiing bi giai tan, cac
X6 viet bi xda bd. Ben canh sii khung bd'dQ
ddi cua ke dich, sii chi dao dau tranh va
chu trUdng xay diing liic lUdng mang tinh
"ta" khuynh cua cac cap Dang dia phUdng
ciing lam cho phong trao gap them nhieu
khd khan.
Sau mot so' cuoc mit tinh ky niem ngay
1-5-1931, cuoc noi day cua quan chung
Nghe - Tinh ndi rieng va ca nUdc Viet Nam
ndi chung di vao thdi ky thoai trao.

Rghien ciru Ljeh sd, sd 2.2011

6
Tuy mdi thanh lap d mdt sd' lang xa,
thdi gian tdn tai chi khoang 5 thang,
nhUng X6 viet Nghe - Tinh da td ro ban
chat each mang va tinh Uu viet cua no. Do
la mot chinh quyen cua dan, do dan va vi
dan, dem lai nhieu ldi ich can ban cho
nhan dan. Cudc ndi day nay da giang mot
ddn quyet liet vao chinh quyen de quo'c,
phong kien, ddng thdi chdng td nhan dan
Viet Nam cd kha nang lat do nen thong t r i
cu. de xay diing mot cuoc song mdi tot dep
cua minh. Cao trao each mang 1930-1931
va X6 viet Nghe - Tinh la cuoc dien tap
dau tien cua nhan dan Viet Nam dudi sii
lanh dao cua Dang Cong san chuan bi cho
thang ldi cua Cach mang thang Tam nam
1945 sau nay.
2. VIEC L U U GILf CAC D I TICH VE
PHONG TRAO XO VIET NGHE - T I N H
VA CAC "LANG DO" 6 NGHE A N VA
HA T I N H
2.1. Viec lvru giuf cac ky ufc ve phong
trao X6 vi¥t Nghe - T i n h
La mot sii kien ldn cua lich sd Viet
Nam, "X6 viet Nghe-Tinh" da va dang dUdc
Dang, Nha nUdc Viet Nam quan tam chi

dao nghien cuii, hiu giu cac di san vat the
va phi v4t the bang nhieu hinh thue phong
phu:
Thu nhdt: Qua nhiing hinh anh, hien
vat trong Bao tang Cach mang Viet Nam,
Bao tang Hd Chi Minh, Bao tang Lich sd
Quan sii Viet Nam, Bao tang X6 viet Nghe
- Tinh, Khu Di tich Kim Lien, Khu liiu
niem Tong Bi thu Tran Phu, Khu liiu niem
Tdng Bi thu" Le Hong Phong, Khu liiu niem
Tdng Bi thii Ha Huy Tap,...
1

Rieng tai Bao tang X6 viet Nghe - Tinh d
Thanh phd Vinh (Nghe An) da cd hdn
11.000 t i i lieu, hien v&t, trong do cd hdn
3.000 hien vkt gdc. Trong so" 117 bao tang d

Viet Nam, day la bao tang chuyen de dat d
dia phUdng diidc thanh lap sdm nhat
(1960), thudc loai ldn nhat, cd nha triing
bay va lam viec kha khang trang. Rieng
phan triing bay cd 8 phdng, mdi phdng tren
60m : Phdng 1: Md dau; Phdng 2: Nguyen
nhan true tiep bung nd cao trao; Phdng 3:
Qua trinh van dong thanh lap cac Dang bo
Nghe An, Ha Tinh; Phdng 4: Sa ban toan
canh cao trao X6 viet Nghe Tinh; Phdng 5:
Cao trao dau tranh tu! thang 5 den thang 91930; Phdng 6: Thanh qua cua Xd viet
Nghe Tinh; Phdng 7: Dau tranh chdng

khung bo' trang; Phdng 8: Y nghia lich sd
cua Xd viet Nghe Tinh.
2

Thu hai: Qua cac hdi thao khoa hoc va
cac de tai nghien cUu do Trung Udng va cac
tinh Nghe An, Ha Tinh thiic hien. Rieng tai
Nghe - Tinh da cd cac cudc hdi thao, nhii:
Xd viet Nghe Tinh vdi cdch mang thdng
MUdi Nga" (1987), "65 nam, 80 nam Xd viet
Nghe Tinh", "Cong tdc tuyen truyen cua
Ddng trong phong trao Xd viet Nghe-Tinh",
"70 nam Xd viet Nghi - Tinh" (2000); Bdc
Ho vdi que huang Nghe Tinh, "Ky .niem 100,
105 nam ngdy sinh Cd Tong Bi thu Trdn
Phu" (2009), "Ky niem 100 nam ngdy sinh
Cd Tong Bi thu Le Hong Phong, cdc cudc
toa dam ve Pham Hdng Thdi, ve Le Hong
Sctn, ve Ho Tung Mdu, ve Hd Huy Tap, ve
Phiing Chi Kien... Trong cac cudc hoi thao,
toa dam dd, lich sd ve Xd viet Nghe - Tinh,
cac lang do d Nghe-Tinh deu dUdc nh&c den
nhu la nhfJng sii kien ndi bat, quan trong
nhat, dang tii hao nhat.
Thu ba: Qua cac an pham true tiep hoae
cd de cap den Xd viet do Nghe - Tinh td
chuc bien soan, xuat ban d Trung Udng va
dia phUdng. Nhii: "Xd viet Nghe An" (1950),
"Dii thdo lich sd Xd viet Nghe An" (1956),
"Lich sii Nghe- Tinh" (1984), "Lich suDdng

bd tinh Nghe Tinh" (1987), "Nhung ngUdi


"Lahg B6" trong phong trao.
cdng sdn tren que huong Nghe Tinh"
(1987), Nghe Tinh hdm qua vd horn nay,
"Lich su Ddng bo tinh Hd Tinh" (1993),
Lich sit Ha Tinh (2000), Lich sic Ddng bd
tinh Nghe An, Lich sic Ddng bo huyen
Nghia Ddn, "Lich sic Ddng bd huyen Huong
Khe",... Ndi chung Lich sii Dang bo va lich
sd dia phUdng hai tinh Nghe An, Ha Tinh
va lich sd tat ca cac Dang bo d hai tinh deu
da dUdc bien soan va xuat ban, tao nen
nguon ky lie co he thong va lau dai ve X6
viet Nghe - Tinh noi chung, cac lang do noi
rieng.
ThiC tU: Qua viec giang day lich sd cho
hoc sinh phd thong va sinh vien dai hoc ca
nude noi chung va vung Nghe - Tinh ndi
rieng. Nhu" "Cao trao cdch mang 19301931 vd Xd viet Nghe Tinh" trong sach
giao khoa mon Lich sd Idp 9 va Idp 12;
"Ddng lanh dao, td chdc cao trao cdch
mang 1930-1931" trong giao trinh mon
Lich sd Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Ngoai
ra, cac trudng dai hoc trong ca nude cd
khoa Lich sd hang nam deu dua sinh vien,
giao vien den tham quan, nghien ciiu ve
lich sd phong trao Xd viet Nghe - Tinh.
Cac trudng phd thdng trong hai tinh Nghe

An va Ha Tinh deu thudng xuyen dua giao
vien, hoc sinh di nghien cdu, tham quan
cac di tich, gap gd cac nhan chdng ve Xd
viet Nghe-Tinh. Sd nhan chUng la lao
thanh each mang 1930-1931, den nam
2000 d Nghe An cdn lai 27 ngUdi b Ha
Tinh cd 18 ngUdi.
Thu nam: Qua viec lay ten Xd viet Nghe
- Tinh, hay ten cac nhan vat lich sd nhu Hd
Chi Minh, Tran Phii, Le Hdng Phong, Ha
Huy Tap, Nguyln Thi Minh Khai, Nguyln
Ddc Canh, Le Mao, Nguyen Phong Sic...
dat ten cho cac phUdng, cac dudng phd'd cac
thanh phd', thi xa trong ca nude va d Thanh

7
phd' Vinh, Thanh phd' Ha Tinh. Hoae ten
trUdng hoc, nhu Trudng Dang Le Hdng
Phong, TrUdng Dang Tran Phu, TrUdng
Trung hoc Phd thong Le Hdng Phong,
Nguyln Thi Minh Khai, TrUdng cap 3 Tran
Phu...
ThiC sdu: Qua cac nhac pham, hd, ve, vi
dam, tac pham van hoc dUdc phd bien,
trinh dien d Nghe - Tinh va cac dia phUdng,
nhu "Tieng ho tren ddt Nghe An", "Dudng
ve Hd Tinh", "Ngudi con gai Song La", "The
ca Xd viet Nghe Tinh" (1971), "Ngon cd Ben
Thuy", "Lang do" (1982), "X6m tha TrUdng
Thi", "Cd gai Sdng Lam",...

ThiC bay: Qua viec cdng n M n , xep hang,
tdn tao cac di tich b hai tinh Nghe An va
Ha Tinh cd lien quan den phong trao Xd
viet, nhu d Nghe An cd Di tich dac biet Kim
Lien, di tich Nghia trang liet si 12/9, dinh
lang Vd Liet, nha cu Vi Van Khang,... b Ha
Tinh cd di tich Nga ba Nghen, nha cu Mai
Kinh, Nha thd Ho Ngd,...
2.2. Viec lUu giuf k y tic ve cac "lang
do" d Nghe • T i n h
Hien nay, theo thdng ke cua Bao tang
Xd viet Nghe-Tinh va cua hai tinh Nghe An
va Ha Tinh, tren dia ban hai tinh nay cd
hdn 700 di tich cac loai cd lien quan den
phong trao each mang 1930-1931 va Xd viet
Nghe - Tinh dUdc ghi nhan. Trong dd cd
gan 200 di tich da phe tich, hdn 50 di tich
va dia diem di tich da dUdc Bd Van hda
Thdng tin cap bang cdng nhan di tich lich
sd quo'c gia. Mdt sd' khac dang dUdc nghien
cUu, lap hd sd de xin cdng nhan xep hang di
tich cap qudc gia hoae do tinh quan ly.
Dudi day la 50 di tich cd lUu gid ky dc
ve Xd viet Nghe - Tinh d cac "lang dd", da
dUdc cap bang cdng nhan di tich lich sd
quo'c gia.


Rghien cuu Lich stf, so 2.2011

8

Bang 1: Cac di tich co lufu giti ky tic ve X6 viet Nghe - Tinh
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Ten di tich
Noi dung di tich - Ky iic ve X6 viet Nghe - Tinh
(thuoc lang "do",
nam cong nhan)
Nghia trang liet si 12/9 (Hiing - Ndi tap trung bieu tinh cua nhan dan Hung Nguyen ngay 12-9-1930,
Thai, Hufng Nguyen, Nghe An, thUc dan Phap hai lan cho may bay nem bom lam chet 217 ngUdi, bi
1988)
thUdng 125 ngucri.
Ngd ba Ben Thuy (Trung Do, - Ndi cong nhan va nong dan Vinh-Ben Thuy mit tinh ky niem ngay

Vinh, Nghe An, 1988)
Quoc te lao dong 1-5-1930, tran dung do dau tien cua cong nong NgheTinh
Phap
thdiciia
kynhan
1930-1931.
Binh Vo Liet
- Ndivdi
tapdequoc
trung dau
tranh
dan trong vung de k6o di bao vay,

(Vo Liet, Thanh Chudng,
dap pha huyen dUdng, dien hinh la cupc dau tranh ngay 1-9-1930 vdi
Nghe An, 1988)
20.000 tham gia, ndi lam viec, hoi hop, chia thdc cho dan ngheo cua X6
viet.
la mot
san cua
van nhan
hda doc
kien
truengay
nghe01-8thuat.
A^d ba Nghen
- NdiDay
diencung
ra cuoc
bieuditinh

dandao
CanveLoc
trong
Nghen, Can Loc, Ha Tinh, 1988)1930, buoc Tri huyen Tran Manh Dan phai nhan yeu sach va hoa se
thuc hien cac yeu sach do doan bieu tinh de ra, ndi thuc dan Phap xit
ban
si eachkymang
tham
pheng
- Tinh.
Binh Binh Lie
- Ndi42
XUchien
uy Trung
to chdc
ketgia
nap
dangtrao
vienX6
Idpviet
dauNghe
tien cua
tinh
(Tan Loc, Can Loc, Ha Tinh, Ha Tinh, la cd sd hoat dong cua Dang, la tru sd cua chinh quyen X6 viet
nam
Hieu1988)
Yen Xudn
- Ndi1930-1931.
Nguyln Phdng Sic thanh lap Dong Dudng Cong san Dang 6

(Linh Son, Anh Sdn, Nghe An, Nghe An, ndi may cd Dang phuc vu cho cac cuoc dau tranh thdi ky
Noi mit1988)
tinh •ky niem
-1930-1931.
Ndi ngay 7-11-1930 da to chuc cuoc mit tinh ky niem lan thu 13 Cach
cdch mang Nga
mang thang Mudi Nga, cd hang ngan nhan dan cac tong thuoc phu
(Dien Ngoc, Dien Chau,
Dien Chau tham gia, bi thuc dan Phap dan ap, ban chet tren 40 ngUdi.
NgheLuong
An, 1990)
Binh
Sdn
- La ndi mit tinh, bitiu tinh, cam cd Dang va to chute dau tranh lay lua
(Bac Sdn, Do Liidng,
ciia nha giau chia cho dan ngheo, ndi hoc chii Qudc ngii, la tru sd lam
Nghe An, 1990)
viec cua chinh quyen X6 viet, ndi thUc dan Phap xu" ban 8 chien si cong
ciia cd
dinh.
Bi tich Trdng Ke
-san
LatrUdc
dia diem
phong trao dau tranh each mang manh thdi ky 1930(My Thanh, Yen Thanh,
1931, ndi thUc dan Phap md trUdng ban de xit ban 72 chien si tham gia
Nghe
1990)
phong
trao mit

X6 viet
Tinh.dien thuyet va hoi hop, tieu bieu la cuoc
BinhAn,
T ung
- Dia diem
tinh,Nghe
bieu tinh,
r

(Hung Dung, Vinh, Nghe An,
Bdm1990)
Mu Nuoi
(Hung Dung, Vinh,
Nghe An, 1990)
Cdy Sanh chua Nia
(Hung Dung, Vinh,
Nghe
1990)HSu
Nhd
ong An,
Nguyen

tap trung liic litdng cdng nhan ndng dan Vinh va cac lang lan can bieu
tinh
1-5-1930;
lam viecDcua
X6 ddng
viet 1930-1931.
- Ndingay
Phuyen

Phongtrusd
Sac, Nguyen
Cfc chinh
Canh quyen
cung cac
chi trong Xu
uy Trung ky hop ban viec da'u tranh, dia diem thanh lap Chi bo dang,
ndi Dang hop ban chuan bi cho cuoc dau tranh ngay 1-5-1930, ndi to
chuc
Te treo
Congcdsan.
• Diale
diem
Dang, la ndi tap trung tu ve de tap luyen phong trao
Xd viet Nghe - Tinh, dia diem hop bi mat ciia Dang.

- Cd quan an loat ciia Xii uy Trung ky, ndi in truyen ddn, tai lieu cua
Bien (Hiing Dung,
Dang thdi ky X6 viet Nghe-Tinh.
Vinh,
NgAn,
1990)
Nhd ong Nguyen Si Huyen - Cd sd lam viec cua dong chi Nguyen Phong Sac, Nguyen Due Canh,
(Hiing Dung, Vinh,
Xii uy Trung ky va Tinh uy Vinh-Ben Thuy.
Nghe
An,
1990)
Nhd dng Le Mai
- Cd sd hoat dong cua XU uy Trung ky va Tinh uy Vinh-Ben Thiiy tit

(Hiing Dung, Vinh,
NghecuAn,
1990)
Nhd
Mai
Kinh

nam 1929 den nam 1931.

- Cd sd hoat dong cua Dang thdi ky 1930-1931, ndi hoi hop thanh lap
Thach Viet, Thach Ha, Ha Tinh, Tinh Dang bo Ha Tinh dau nam 1930.
17
Binh 1990)
lang Tie My
- Ndi treo cd Dang, tap trung nhan dan da'u tranh, tieu bieu la cuoc da'u
Sdn Chau, Hiidng Sdn, Ha Tinh, tranh ngay 19/9/1930 do dong chi Ho Hao lanh dao, pha kho thdc cua
1990)
nha giau chia cho dan ngheo, ndi lam viec cua chinh quyen Xd viet.


"Lang Bo" trong phong lrao.

9

18

Nhd dong chi
• Nha Ha Huy Tap (Tong Bi thu ciia Dang 1936-1938), cd sd hoat ddng
cua Dang trong phong trao Xd viet Nghe - Tinh 1930-1931.
Hd Huy Tap

Cam Hung, Cam Xuyen, Ha Tinh,
1990)Quynh Boi
19
Dinh lang
• Ndi mit tinh treo cd Dang, tru sd ciia Xd viet xa, ndi thiic dan Phap
(Quynh Doi, Quynh Liiu,
tra tan, xii ban 9 chien si tham gia phong trao Xd viet Nghe-Tinh.
Nghe
An,
1991)
20 Mieu Bien Sdn (Hau Loc, Can Loc,- Ndi lien lac, hop ban bi mat va ca't da'u tai lieu cua Dang trong thdi
Ha Tinh, 1991)
kyXdviet 1930-1931.
- Cd sd cua Xii uy Trung Ky trdng thdi gian dich khung bd' trang, noi
21 Nhd ong Hodng Vien (Hiing Chau,
Hung Nguyen, Nghe Ah, 1991) lam viec cua Nguyln Phong Sic, Nguyln Due Canh va nhieu can bo
22
Dinh Tdm Mdi
-khac
Ndi thdi
lam ky
viec1930-1931.
cua chinh quyen Xd viet dia phiidng, ndi tap trung da'u
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34
35

36

(Quynh Thuan, Quynh
Liiu,Binh
Nghe
An, An
1992)
Long

(Diln TrUdng, Dien
Chau, Nghe An, 1992)
Nhd thd ho Udng
(Hiing Loc, Vinh,
Nghe An,
1992)
Chua
Chdn
Tien
(Thinh Loc, Can Loc,
HaBen
Tinh,
Bd 1992)'
Ddi

tranh cua diem dan lam mud'i Quynh Liiu, dien hinh la cudc da'u
tranh
20-6-1930.
phat hieu
lenh dau tranh cua nhan dan phia bac phii Dien Chau
- Ndi ngay
nam 1930-1931, ndi tap trung quan chiing mit tinh, bieu tinh trtfdc
khi keo vao phu Dien Chau da'u tranh, dia diem lam viec ciia X5 Bd
-ndng.
Dia diem lam viec cua Xii liy Trung ky va Tinh uy Vinh - Ben Thiiy
thdi ky 1930-1931.

- Ndi cac to chute each mang ciia Dang da chon lam dia ban hoat ddng,
hdi hop trong cao trao Xd viet 1930-1931.

- Ndi cac ddng chi lanh dao cua Tinh liy Ha Tinh nhu TrSn Huu
(Dau Lieu, Can Loc,
Thieu, Hoang Lac,... hdi hop, cat da'u tai lieu cua Dang trong cao trao
1992)'
Xd
vietsdNghe
- Tinh.uy Nghi Loc, ndi an, d, hoi hop cua can bd Dang,
VTid thd Ha
ho Tinh,
Hodng
Vdn (Nghi Tan,
- Tru
cua Huyen
Ciia Ld,

noi in truyen ddn tai lieu cho Dang thdi ky Xd viet Nghe Tinh
Nghe
An,
1993)
- Cd sd hoat ddng cua to chuc yeu ntfdc, each mang va ciia nhieu can
Nhd thd ho Pham

(Hung Nhan
bo Xu uy Trung Ky, Tinh uy Vinh- Ben Thiiy thdi ky 1930-1931, ndi
Hiing Nguyen,
thd liet si Pham Hdng Thai (ngtfdi da miiu giet Toan quyen Ddng
Nghe
An,
1994)
Dudng,
6-1924).
Dinh Phu Nhudn
- Dia diem
tap trung dau tranh, treo cd Dang, tap trung thdc chia cho
(Dang Sdn, Dd Liidng, Nghe An, dan, ndi hoc chii Qudc ngii va la tru sd lam viec ciia Xa Bd ndng trong
trao uy
XoNghe
viet Nghe
- Tinh.
Nhd thd ho1994)
Hodng Trdn (Dang-phong
Ndi Tinh
An lam
viec thdi ky 1930-1931, ndi thd liet sy

Sdn, Dd Ludng, Nghe An, 1994) Hoang Tran Tham (Tinh liy vien) hy sinh trong phong trao Xo viet.
Nhd cu Vi Van Khang (Mdn Sdn,- Ndi cudi nam 1930 dau 1931, Tinh uy Nghe An da len xay diing cd
Con Cudng, Nghe An, 1994)
sd tranh dich, ndi thang 3-1931, Tinh liy da cd cudc hop thanh lap chi
bd
mien
daunhan
tien ddan
Nghe
Tinh.mit tinh bieu tinh, cam cd trong
Binh Lien Tri
- Ndi
tap nui
trung
da'u -tranh

(Lien Thanh, Yen Thanh, Nghe thdi ky Xd viet Nghe - Tinh, ndi lam viec ciia chinh quyen Xd viet
nam
NhdAn,1995)
thd ho Hoang
- Cd 1930-1931.
sd hoat dong cua Xii uy Trung ky va Tinh uy lam thdi Vinh-Ben
(Loc Da, Vinh,
Thiiy. Dong chi Hoang Trong Tri, toe trudng ho Hoang, Bi thii Chi bd
Nghe
1995)
la
ngiidi
camnhan
cd didan

dau Hiing
trong Loc
cuoctap
bieu
tinh mft
ngaytinh,
1-5-1930.
BenAn,
Tria
- Dia
diem
trung
bieu tinh va to
(Hiing Loc, Vinh,
Nghethd
An,Bite
1995)
Ben
hdu

Ngd Bang Minh
(Ha Linh, Hudng Khe,
Ha Tinh, 1996)
Din Thiidng
(Quynh Nghia, Quynh
Liiu, Nghe An, 1996)

ehiic truy dieu cac chien si cong san hy sinh ngay 11-12-1930 trong
phong
trao each

mang
1930-1931.
- Ndi thanh
lap Chi
bo Dang
thii hai d Hudng Khe, ndi dat cd quan an

loat ciia Tinh uy Ha Tinh, tru sd ciia Xa bo ndng nam 1930-1931, ndi
thanh lap Dang bd huyen Hiidng Khe (la di tich van hda, ndi thd Ngd
Dang Minh, chau ndi The quan cdng Ngd Canh Hutu, diidc phong Hau
-nam
Ndi1682,
mit tinh,
thdi tru
Le sd
Hylam
Tong).
viec ciia Xo viet, la trung tam dau tranh cua
cac tong d Bai Ngang (Quynh Liiu).


10

Hghien ciru Ljeh stir, so 2.2011
37
38
39
40
41
42

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Ben PhUdng Cudng
(Nghi Phong, Nghi Loc, Nghe
An, 1996)
Ben Phdp Bd
(Dien Thang, Dien Chau, Nghe
An,Nguyin
1997) Sy (Thanh
Nhd thd ho

- Cd sd cua Xii iiy Trung Ky va Huyen uy Nghi Loc thdi ky 1930-1931,
ndi in truyen ddn, bao chi cua Dang, dia diem hoat dong cua Nguyen
Phong Sac, Nguyen Due Canh,...
- Dia diem tap trung da'u tranh cua nhan dan Dien Chau tren true
dudng so 7, cd so hoat dong cua Dang trong thdi ky Xo viet.

(Ben Thuy, Vinh,
Nghe
Binh An,
Chd1997)
Xam

trung nhan dan dau tranh va dung dlu lich si giua quan chiing each
va kecddich
trong
1-5-1930.
-mang
Ndi treo
Dang,
hdicudc
hop,dau
cd sdtranh
lam ngay
viec cua
chinh quyen Xd viet. Tai

(Nghi Xuan, Nghi Loc,
Ngh? An, 1998)
Nha thd hq Nguyen Duy
(Thanh Phong, Thanh Chuong,
Nghethd
An^l998)
Nhd
dong chi

Tdn That Hoan, ndi thiic dan Phap xii bin 22 chien si each mang trong
dd cd Nguyen Phong Sic, Thudng vu Trung Udng Dang, Bi thii xu uy
Trung
Ky, ngUdi
lanhAn
daodaphong
- Tinh

1930-1931.
chon trao
lam Xo
mdtviet
dia Nghe
diem de
lam viec
va chi
- Ndi Tinh
iiy Nghe
dao dau tranh khi phong trao Xo viet d dinh cao va liic bi dich khung bd'
-trang.
Ndi Nguyen Sy Sach, Bi thu ky bd Viet Nam each mang Thanh nien

- Ndi hoat dong cua Dang, ndi tap trung da'u tranh, tru sd lam viec cua
Ludng, Thanh Chudng, NAn, Xo viet xa thdi ky 1930-1931.
1997)
Nhd thd hq
Phan Mac (Hoa - Cd sd hoat dong cua to chiic yeu nude va each mang t£f 1928 den 1931,
Thanh, Yen Thanh.Nghe An, ndi hinh thanh tu tudng yeu nUdc va each mang ciia Phan Dang Liiu,
1997)Con Md
Uy
Udng
Bia diem
hdiTrung
hop ciia
XiiDang.
uy Trung ky va Tinh iiy Vinh- Ben Thiiy, ndi tap
- Ndivien

(Nghi Hoa, Nghi Loc,
Nghe
An, 1998)
Bin Chinh
Vi

Nguyen Sy Sdeh
(Thanh Liidng, Thanh ChUdng,
Nghe
Nhd
thdAn,
hq 1998)
Thdi Bdc
(Bai Sdn, Do Liidng,
Nghe
Den An,
Tdn1998)
Sdn

day dich da xu ban 19 chien si each mang tham gia phong trao 1930-1931.'
Ndi ngay 2-1-1931 nhan dan da tap trung da'u tranh giet tri huyen

Trung ky soan thao cac van ban, xiic tien tap hop cac to chute chuan bi
cho sii ra ddi ciia Dang, day cung la ndi thd phung, hUdng khdi liet si
STuy
Sach
Ndi Tinh
Nghe An chon lam cd sd hoi hop, lien lac ciia Dang trong
-Nguyen
thdi ky Xd viet Nghe-Tinh 1930-1931.

- Ndi gap gd ciia cac thanh nien yeu nUdc triidc khi xuat diidng, nhtf
(Xuan Hoa, Nam Dan, Nghe An, Phan Boi Chau, Le Hong Sdn, Ho Tung Mau, Truong Van Linh, cd sd
thdiHdng
ky 1930-1931.
Mq1998)
ddng chi
-cua
MdDang
ciia Le
Sdn, mot trong nhiing ngUdi tham gia miiu sat toan
Le Hong Sdn
quyen Ddng Dudng - Meclanh, ndi Le Hong Sdn bi thiic dan Phap xii
(Xuan Hoa, Nam Dan, Nghe An, ban.
Nhd thd hq1998)
Ho Cu An (Quynh - Cd sd lam viec, treo cd Dang, in truyen ddn, tai lieu cua Dang trong
Doi, Quynh Luu, Nghe An, 2000) cac thdi ky 1925, 1930-1931, ndi thd Nguyln Thi Thao, vd liet si Ho
Tung
Nhd thd cu
- Nha Mau.
ddng chi Hd Tung Mau la cd sd an, d, lam viec cua nhieu the he

Hd Tung Mdu
yeu nUdc va each mang, ndi lam viec cua Xd viet dia phiidng, ndi an
(Quynh Doi, Quynh Liiu, Nghe tang ciia Ho Tung Mau, chien sT tien boi each mang, tham gia thanh
An, 2000)
lap Dang,...
Qua bang thdng ke va thiic te'eae di tich diem), song nhiing ndi cdn liiu gidi diidc ky
de ve Xd viet hien tai chu yeu la d cac lang
neu tren, cd the neu len may nhan xet:

Thu nhdt: Sd' di tich ve Xd viet Nghe "dd", ndi cd phong trao Xd viet, cd Xa bd
Tinh da xep hang la kha nhieu, den nam ndng, Thdn bo ndng ra ddi va hoat ddng,
2000 cd tren 50 diem. Trong sd' 50 di tich ve gan lien vdi cac dinh, chua, nha thd, nha ca
Xd viet dvfeic xep hang, Nghe An chiem nhan. Cu the, phan theo loai kien true, cd
phan ldn, tdi 41/50 di tich (80%). Dieu do 13 di tich la nha thd ho, 11 di tich la dinh,
phu hdp vdi thiic te phong trao d Nghe An 9 di tich la mo, nghia trang, vat the tti
nhien ngoai trdi, 8 di tich la den thd, 7 di
phat trien manh hdn d Ha Tinh.
tich
la nha d, 1 di tich la chua, 1 di tich la
Thd hai: Dau tich ve Xd viet Nghe hieu
budn. Nhiing di tich bi mai mot chu
Tinh cd khap moi ndi d Nghe-Tinh (700 dia


"Lang Bd" trong phong trao.
yeu la do chien tranh va sii chuyen bien ve
kinh te - xa hoi noi chung, hoae do khong
gan vdi mot di tich van hoa, lich sii khac.
Thu ba: So' di tich dUdc cong nhan deu
thuoc thdi ky tu! 1988 ve sau, tdc la thdi ky
doi mdi d Viet Nam, chiing to trong doi mdi,
Dang, Nha nUdc rat chu trong viec liiu giu"
nhiing ky lie ve each mang noi chung, ve Xo
viet Nghe-Tinh, den viec giao due truyen
thong yeu nUdc each mang trong do co giao
due ve Xo viet Nghe - Tinh noi rieng.
Nhiing di tich con giQ diidc thudng gan vdi
nhiing vung hien co kinh te, van hoa kha
phat trien, gan cac dUdng giao thong, tai

cac trung tam kinh te, van hoa ciia dia
phitdng; la ndi trudc va sau phong trao Xo
viet cung nhii hien tai deu co phong trao
yeu nUdc va each mang cua nhan dan kha
cao.
Thu tU: Sii ton tai ciia cac di tich chu
yeu la do dong gop cong sdc, tien cua cua
nhan dan dia phUdng, mot phan do kinh
phi ciia Nha nUdc trung lidng cap, con ciia
tinh, huyen la khong dang ke. 0 Nghe An,
tii nam 1990 den 2000, chi co 25/35 di tich
da xep hang diidc Trung lidng cap kinh phi
chong xuo'ng cap, binh quan moi di tich
khoang 20 trieu dong, cao nhat la 60 trieu,
trong khi do, chi rieng sii dong gop cua
nhan dan cho 2 di tich Den Thiidng (Quynh
Liiu) va Den Chinh Vi (Nghi Loc) da len tdi
tren 200 trieu ddng.
Thu nam: Mac du da diidc td chiic Dang,
chinh quyen sd tai quan tam, nhan dan cd
y thiic tdn trong, gdp cdng siic bao ve, tu
siia, song do thieu kinh phi va dieu kien

11
khi hau khac nghiet, nen nhieu di tich hien
dang bi xuo'ng cap nghiem trong, nhat la
cac di tich khdng gan vdi mot di tich van
hoa, lich sd cu the nao khac, it cd le hoi va
khach den tham quan. Cd sd vat chat, so'
hien vat va sii triing bay ve cac lang do d

Bao tang Xd viet Nghe - Tinh (Vinh) du da
cd' gang, song cung cdn rat khiem ton so vdi
thiic te lich sd.
Thu sdu: Tai cac "lang dd" ndi rieng, ca
vung Nghe Tinh ndi chung, ky lie ve phong
trao Xd viet khdng chi tdn tai d cac di tich
vat the, ma cdn tdn tai d cac di san phi vat
the (thd ca, hd, ve, tudng, kich,...), song nd
ciing dang bi mai mot di nhanh chdng ciing
vdi sii it dan cua Idp ngiidi tudi 80-90. Vi
vay, can chii y siiu tam, hiu giii nhiing ky
lie do de bd sung va lam phong phu cho biic
tranh toan canh vdn cd cua sii kien Xd viet
va cac lang do Nghe Tinh.
Nhin chung, cao trao each mang 19301931 va Xd viet Nghe - Tinh la mot sii kien
ldn cua lich sd Dang Cdng san va each
mang Viet Nam. Viec liiu gidt cac ky lie ve
su kien dd, nhat la ve cac "lang do", da va
dang dUdc Dang, Nha nude Viet Nam va
cac Dang bd, chinh quyen hai tinh Nghe An
va Ha Tinh thudng xuyen quan tam. Gia
tri lich sd cua phong trao Xd viet Nghe Tinh ndi chung, ve cac lang dd ndi rieng rat
can dUdc nghien cUu, hiu giU, phat huy tdt
hdn nUa, nham phuc vu cdng tac giao due
tuyen thdng yeu nUdc va each mang cho
nhan dan, phuc vu sii nghiep ddi mdi, hdi
nhap qudc te, phat trien dat nUdc ben vung
hien nay va lau dai ve sau.
1

TRAO OOI Y KIEN
VE QUE Q U A N , T H A N THE C U A TIEN S Y N G U Y E N C A U QUA
G I A P H A DONG HO V A D l TICH - D O I D I E U C A N T R A O D t f l

NGUYEN DINH HUNG*

T r a cQu tQ lieu tren mang Internet
vao muc cua Vien Nghien ciiu Han
nom d phan Van khac Han Nom, co trang
viet ve Bia Van Mieu - Ha Noi co bai: Van
bia de danh Tien sy khoa Quy Miii nien
hieu Quang Thuan nam thd 4 (1463) dang
toan van noi dung bai van bia va anh chup
ciia khoa thi Tien sy nam Quy Mui (1463).
Ciing tai phan chii thich trong bai nay cl
trang 5, so' thii t i l sd' 40 co ghi ve Tien sy
Nguyen Cau (? - ?) ngQdi xa Khuong Le,
huyen Tan Phuc (nay thuoc huyen Sdc Sdn,
Ha Noi). Van de mudn trao ddi trong bai
bai nay la que quan, than the va sii nghiep
cua Tien sy Nguyen Cau qua viec siiu tam
tu" lieu va di tich vdi quy ban doc de cung
nghien ciiu va tham khao.
Theo mot so' cuo'n sach da cdng bo' nhu":
Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet Nam, Bdc Ninh dit
dia chi, Tuyen tap Van bia Hd Npi... (1) chi
ghi torn tat, sd liidc ve que quan, than the
va sii nghiep cua Tien sy Nguyen Cau.
Sach Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet Nam ch6p:

"Nguyen Cau, ngiidi xa Khuong Le, huyen
Tan Phuc (nay thuoc huyen Sdc Sdn, Ha
Noi). Dd ddng Tien sy xua't than khoa Quy
Mui nien hieu Quang Thu&n 4 (1463)"
(trang 115). Sach Bdc Ninh du dia chi va
Tuyen tap vdn bia Hd Ndi ciing khong ghi

* Sd Van hoa, The thao va Du lich Thai Nguyen

diidc nhQng thdng tin nao hdn sach Cdc
nha khoa bdng Viet Nam.
Chung tdi da tra cQu mdt sd' sach ve cac
nha khoa bang do dat tQ thdi Ly cho den
thdi Nguyen cua midc ta, trong so' 2.898 vi
do dai khoa Tien sy va tQdng diidng trong
845 nam khoa cQ thdi phong kien, tQ khoa
thi d i u tien nam 1075 thdi vua Ly Nhan
Tong den khoa thi cudi cung nam 1819 thdi
vua Gia Long chi co 2 ngiidi ten la "Cau":
Do la Tien sy Nguyen Cau da noi tren va
Tien sy Le Ca'u, que xa Lac Thuc, huyen
Thanh Lam (nay la huyen Thanh Ha, tinh
H i i Diidng do Tien sy khoa Tan SQu nien
hieu Hdng DQc thQ 12 (1481) ddi Le Thanh
Tong ong do nam 29 tuoi. Ngoai ra, tra cQu
cac sach khong cd ngQdi nao ten la "Ca'u"
do Tien sy nQa.
Nhii v&y, qua nhQng thdng tin d sach
Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet Nam va mdt so'
sach khac da neu cho biet:

- Sd iQdc ve que quan cua Tien sy
Nguyen C i u .
- Nam dng thi do Tien sy: khoa Quy Mui
nien hieu Quang Thu&n thQ 4 (1463).
- Do bdi canh lich sQ nen ghi chep ve
than the, sii nghiep cua dng khdng dQdc
diy du.


Rghien curu Lich stf. so' 2.2011

64
Van de dat ra, sach Cdc nhd khoa bdng
Viet Nam lai chu thich que quan cua Tien
sy Nguyen Cau la: nay thuoc huyen Sdc
Sdn, Ha Noi.
Theo van bia Tien sy diing nam 1484,
hien dang diidc diing tai Van Mieu - Ha
Noi, trong do co ghi ve Tien sy Nguyen
Cau, bia da chep: "Nguyen Ca'u Bac Giang
phu Tan Phuc huyen [...] (U W At tt M
f r t§ W) = Nguyen Cau, huyen Tan Phuc,
phu Bac Giang. Theo chii thich phan dau
cham liing trong ngoac vudng ciia sach
Tuyen tap Van bia Ha Noi - Quyen I - Nxb.
KHXH, 1978, 3 trang 164 la co mot so chii
da bi liidc bo" (2).
Bai dich tu: chii Han nom bai Van bia de
ten Tien sy khoa Quy Mui nien hieu Quang
Thuan thii 4 (1463) d Van Mieu - Quoc Tii

Giam Ha Noi sang tieng Viet cua Trung
tam Van Mieu Quoc Tvi Giam - Thanh pho'
Ha Noi djch nghia noi dung ve que quan
cua Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u ciing tiidng t i i nhu
tren.
1

Sach Ddt va NgUdi Thdi Nguyen cua
Nguyen Huii Khanh, do Hoi Van hoc Nghe
thuat tinh Thai Nguyen xua't ban nam
1997 co viet: "Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u (Nguyln
Dinh Ca'u) que cl lang Thanh Thu, tdng
Tieu Le, huyen Thien Phuc, phii Bac Ha,
xii Kinh Bac, nay la thon Thanh Van, xa
Ddng Tien, huyen Phd Yen, tinh Thai
Nguyen".
Theo Ho sd di tich Khu lUu niem Tien sy
Nguyen Cdu, xa Tan Hiidng va xa Ddng
Tien, huyen Phd Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen
(da diidc Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Thai
Nguyen xep hang cap tinh nam 2006) dang
liiu tai Sd Van hoa The thao va Du lich
Thai Nguyen ciing ghi que quan tiidng t i i
nhu' sach Ddt vd NgUdi Thdi Nguyen ciia
dng Nguyen Huu Khanh.

Vay, sach Cdc nha khoa bdng Viet Nam
do Ngo Diic Tho chu bien, Nxb. Van hoc,
Ha Noi, 1993 da chep: NguySn Ciu, ngiidi
xa Khuong Le, huyen Tan Phuc (nay thuoc

huyen Sdc Sdn, Ha Noi) co sii khac biet vdi
nhiing tu" lieu ma chiing tdi siiu tam diidc
ve que quan va than the, sii nghiep cua
Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u.
Trong qua trinh tra ciiu ve tieu su cua
cac vi khoa bang chiing ta thay cd nhieu
sach viet khac nhau. Nhiing vdi triidng hdp
ve que quan ciia Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u cd
the diidc giai thich nhu sau: Tuy van bia b
Van Mieu Ha Ndi khdng ghi ten lang, xa
cua Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u nhiing lai cd cac
tai lieu khac bd sung, dd la sach nhu : Lich
trieu dang khoa (quyen I I I , td 35b), Lich
dqi dang khoa, td 62a, Lich huyen dang
khoa (quyen V, td 23b), Lich trieu tap ky
(quyen I , trang 128), Lich trieu dang khoa.
Trong triidng hdp nay sach Cdc nha khoa
bdng da ghi lai que quan cua Tien sy
Nguyln Ca'u, ngiidi xa Khuong Le, huyen
Tan Phuc, phii Bac Giang. Cd the chQ
Khuong L l (IB ijif) chep nham la Tieu L l
('h ijif) chang? chii "khuong" (E) gan gid'ng
vdi chii "cii" (!=[), chut tieu (/J ) gan gid'ng vdi
chii "thuy" (?K). V i du, mdt triidng hdp chep
nham chQ d sac phong ciia di tich den Gia,
xa Tieu Le, tdng Tieu Le, huyen Phd Yen
(Thai Nguyen). Sac phong nay phong cho
Manh Dien qudc viidng va Phu Ddng Thien
viidng phong nam Khai Dinh thii 9 (1924)
chep nham chii "Tieu" thanh chQ "Thuy"

sac phong viet nham dd nguyen van la:
"Sac Thdi Nguyen tinh, Phd'An phu, Thuy
Li xd tong tien phung sU...".
4

1

1

N

Ve dja danh huyen Tan Phuc, phu Bac
Giang, theo cac sach nhii: Du dia chi ciia
Nguyln Trai, Dqi- Nam nhdt thd'ng chi
(tinh Bac Ninh) deu chep huyen Tan Phuc
cd t i i thdi Tran, thdi Hd, thudc chau Bac


Ve que quan. than the"..
Giang, phu Bac Giang. Sang dau thdi
Minh, Le sd van theo nhii the. Den thdi Le
Hoang Dinh (1600-1619), vi ky ten huy vua
Le Kinh Tong la Tan, nen ddi la huyen
Tien Phuc. Hien nay d dia phUdng bia da
"Bdi Cao ttf bi" (chua Doi Cao, xa Tan
Hiidng, tdng Tieu Le) diing nam Chinh Hoa
thu- 18 (1697) van ghi dia danh la "Tien
Phuc huyen". Nam Minh Menh thii 11
(1830) ddi ten huyen Tien Phuc thanh
huyen Thien Phuc, tran Bac Ninh (bia den

Ddng Thu, xa Thuan Thanh, huyen Phd
Yen). Nam Tii Diic thU 19 (1866) ddi ten
huyen Thien Phuc thanh huyen Da Phuc,
phu Da Phiic, tinh Bac Ninh. Thdi Khai
Dinh thfl 5 (1920) tdng Tieu Le thuoc phu
Phd Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen.
Theo sach Ten lang xd Viet Nam ddu the
ky XIX (3) cd chep xa Tieu L l , tdng Tieu Le,
huyen Thien Phuc, phu Bac Ha, xii Kinh
Bac. Ddi chieu vdi cac van bia ghi chep dia
danh xa Tieu L l d huyen Thien Phuc d dau
the ky XIX ma nay thuoc huyen Phd Yen,
tinh Thai Nguyen la chinh xac vdi thdi
diem bay gid. Phan tich cac tai lieu hien cd
tai Sd Van hda The thao va Du lich Thai
Nguyen nhii: sach Dong Khanh dtf dia chi,
kem theo ban dd cho biet xa Tieu Le, tdng
Tieu Le, phu Phd Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen la
mdt trong nhiing xa nam d phia Ddng Nam cua huyen Phd Yen. Ddi chieii vdi ban
do huyen Phd Yen trong sach Bong Khanh
du dia chi vdi ban do huyen Phd Yen ngay
nay thi dia danh xa Tieu LS xiia, nay thudc
mot phan xa Ddng Tien, xa Tan Hiidng,
huyen Phd Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen.
Tai lang Thanh Thu xiia, cdn goi la lang
Sui, triidc kia thudc xa Tieu L l , tdng Tieu
L l , huyen Thien Phuc, phii Bac Ha, xii
Kinh Bic, ngay nay la thdn Thanh Xuan,
xa Ddng Tien, huyen Phd Yen, tinh Thai
Nguyen cdn nhieu chi ho, con chau hau due

65
thudc ddng ho Tien sy Nguyln Cau, ndi day
cdn bao tdn diidc md va den thd ciia Tien sy
Nguyln C i u thi dd la mot cd sd de khang
dinh day la que quan cua Tien sy Nguyln
Ca'u.
Nhii v i y , ve que quan cua Tien sy
Nguyln C i u trong van bia Van Mieu - Ha
Ndi la cd do tin chy cao, gia t r i lich su chan
xac, nien dai diing n h i t . Van de dien each
cua dia danh huyen Tan Phuc - Tien Phuc Thien Phuc trong lich sii nhii phan tich
tren theo chiing tdi la thoa dang va dinh
chinh lai cho sach Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet
Nam, chep que quan cua Tien sy Nguyln
C i u thudc huyen Sdc Sdn, Ha Ndi la chiia
chinh xac ma c i n p h i i di'nh chinh lai la
Tien sy Nguyen Cdu que d xa Tieu Li,
huyen Tdn Phuc, phu Bac Giang (nay la
thon Thanh Vdn, xd Bong Tien, huyen Pho
Yen, tinh Thdi Nguyen).
1

Ngoai ra, theo gia pha va ldi truyen
tung cua cac cu cao tudi thudc ddng ho Tien
sy Nguyen Ca'u cho biet them - Nguyln
Ca'u cdn cd ten goi khac la Nguyln Dinh
Ca'u, dd De tam giap ddng Tien sy xuat
than, khoa Quy M u i (1463) nien hieu
Quang Thuan thii 4, ddi vua Le Thanh

Tdng, lam quan tdi chiic Thi ve xu\ Cung
theo gia pha cua ddng ho cua Tien sy
Nguyln Ca'u cho biet dng sinh nam 1442,
dd Tien sy nam 1463, khi dd dng 21 tudi.
Nam 1463, dng di thi, ca midc cd tdi 4.400
ngiidi dii thi, chi l i y cd 44 ngiidi do, vdi ty
le: 1/100, nhii the chung td sii khd luyen va
tai nang cua dng de dat danh hieu Tien sy.
Sau khi thi dd dng diidc bd nhiem lam
qua>n. Thdi dd, mot sd' quan van cd tai nang
diidc trieu dinh cii chuyen sang hang quan
vo, Nguyln C i u la mdt trong nhiing ngiidi
nhii vay. Cung theo gia pha ddng ho
Nguyln Cau cho biet dng dUdc trieu dinh
giao trong trach girl chiic Thi ve xU. Dieu


ee

Rghien ciru Lich stir, so' 2.2011

nay trung kh6p vdi ghi ch6p trong sach Dqi
Viet sit ky toan thii, tap I I I , trang 97 ghi:
Nam Nham Ngo (1522), ldi dung tinh hinh
Mac Dang Dung diing len tru" khu! cac the
liic doi khang, vua Le Chieu Tong hoang sd
da bo kinh thanh chay trdh ra viing Minh
Nghia, huyen Tung Thien (Sdn Tay) lanh
nan. Ngay 27-7 nam do, Mac Dang Dung tQ
Bo De (Gia Lam), cho quan viidt song

Hong, dot nhip vao kinh thanh, giet hai
nhiing ngiidi trung thanh v6i nha Le, trong
do co chi huy xii Thi ve Nguyen Cau, Do liic
sy Minh Sdn ba Nguyen Tho va Dam Cii...
(4).
Trong sud't 6 ddi vua Le: Thanh Tong
(1460-1497), Hien Tong (1497-1504), Tuc
Tong (1504), Uy Muc (1505-1509), Tiidng
Diic (1510-1516), Chieu Tong (1516-1522),
Nguyen Cau lam quan da co nhieu cong
trang cho nen diidc thang tien chu yeu giQ
trong trach bao ve trong cung cam va khu
viic kinh thanh ciia nha vua. Tiidng truyen,
khi Nguyen Dinh Cau ciing bo ha bi chem
ngay 27-7 nam Nham Ngo (1522), ong tho
81 tudi, mot sd' thu ha da lay diidc thu cap
ciia ong bi mat giau kin dem ve que nha.
Khi ve den que thi trdi da tdi, lai dd cdn
miia, hd ben de thu cap d gdc cay ngoai go
ven lang, ho chay ve bao tin dii cho gia
dinh, lang xdm. Moi ngiidi chuan bi dd mai
tang cho ong. Nhiing sang hdm sau tai ndi
de thu cap dng mdi da xong len thanh ddng
rat to. Ho hang cho rang la linh thieng ben
de nguyen nhu cii. Sau nay tinh hinh yen
on, con chau da xay mo va ngdi mo tdn tai
tii do cho den bay gid.
1

Ngoi md Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u hien dang

nam tren mdt doi dat thuoc khu canh ddng
Nghe, xom Phong Nien, xa Tan Hiidng,
huyen Phd Yen. Hien nay, ngdi md hinh
vudng co canh dai 1,5m, cao 1,5m, mo xay
kin, lien ke vdi gian giQa cua ngdi deh.

Tren md cd xay them mdt ngdi mieu nho
lam hau cui.g. Ngdi mieu nay cd kich thiidc
rong 2,6m, dai 3,4m mai diidc cud'n vdm.
Dac biet, dang sau md cd mot cay dudi cd
moc 9 nhanh, ngay sat chan tiidng hau, chu
vi gd'c 3,5m. Cay dudi da trum gan kin ngdi
md xoe ra nhii chiec long khdng Id che mat
cho md dng, tao them ve linh thieng. Md
diidc xay bang da ong hinh vudng. NhQng
hdn da ong de xay md cd hinh chQ nhat. Tai
khu viic cd ngdi mieu cd (nhan dan thiidng
goi la Nghe Van), vao nam 1997, con chau
ddng ho Tien sy Nguyln Ca'u da gdp tien,
cua, tdn tao ngdi mieu triidc mo thanh mot
ngdi den nhd. Chinh dien ngdi den quay ve
hiidng nam, tren cao mat chinh dien cd ten
chQ dap ndi 3 chQ Han ndm la "Thanh Vdn
tu". Ngdi den cd kien true hinh chQ nhat cd
ba gian nhd, cd chieu dai 6,6m, rdng 4,7m.
Ndi that nha ket ca'u khung go ket hdp xay
gach theo ldi tiidng dau hdi, bit ddc, mai Idp
ngdi mui. Tren ndc cd dap ndi "lQdng long
chau nguyet" va bd dai. Triidc cQa den xay
dQng 2 cot tru cao vut cd ddi cau dd'i dap

chQ ndi nhu" sau:
Van vu 'song todn, hien cdng tqo vinh
quang To quoc
Diic tdi cao thiidng, luu danh
truyen thd'ng cd'hUdng.

diing

Trong den, hai ben cua vdm hhu cung
cung cd cau dd'i ndi dung nhu sau:
1

Le trieu Tien sy danh van dai
Dqi Viet tUdng qudn tac thien thu.
Tai ban thd trong Khu liiu niem Tien sy
Nguyen Ca'u d thdn Phong Nien, xa Tan
Hiidng, huyen Phd Yen - di tich da diidc Uy
ban Nhan dan tinh Thai Nguyen xep hang
la di tich lich sQ van hoa (2006) cd bai vi
thd ghi: "Nguyen Dinh Cdu, sinh Dinh Mao
nien nhdt td tii
Kinh Bdc huyen, Thien
Phuc tdng, Tieu Li xa, Thanh Thii thdn, vi
nien nhdt td luc tam Khdm sai dai thdn chi


V3" que quan. than the".
huy xu dac... long qudn uy hdu ddc bdt
qudn cong... Le Thdnh Tdng... nhi ngu
dtfng thdp tai...".

Hang nam cu" vao ngay 27-7 Am lich, con
chau hau due cua dong ho Nguyen Ca'u lai
den den Thanh Van lam le ciing gio ong.
Ciing theo ldi truyen ngdn ciia dong ho
Nguyen Ca'u, sau khi ong mat, vi thdi loan
lac, giac gia lien mien, quan quan nha Mac
lien tuc truy cQu, cat cii 6" vung Thai
Nguyen, nen ten tudi, than the sii nghiep
cua Nguyen Ca'u ciing v i dd ma khdng diidc
trieu dinh nhac den. Chi cd the sau khi
binh xong nha Mac vao nam 1667, d i t midc
tam yen ang, vua Le mdi truy phong cac
ciiu than da xa than trung thanh vdi nha
Le mdi cd sac phong truy ting. Theo cac cu
cdn nhd, Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u cd sic phong
cd nhiing chQ: "Le trieu khdm sai dqi thdn,
chi huy xd, Thi ve long qudn cdm hdu,
Chanh do ddc, ddc bdc qudn cdng, thtfdng
ddng phuc thdn". Ban than ddng ho da ghi
cdng Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u bang viec giQ gin
md cd, bao ve cay cdi va ra Ha Ndi de sQu
tam tii lieu lich sQ... Tai lang Thanh Thu cd

67
ngdi dinh cd' duy nha't cdn nguyen mau
kien true nghe thuat d huyen Phd' Yen,
trQng tu nam Canh HUng thQ 40 (1780) co
bai vi thd Tien sy Nguyln Ca'u l i m Thanh
hoang lang. Dinh Phong Nien, xa Tan
HQdng each lang Thanh Thu 2km cung thd

Tien sy Nguyln Ca'u lam phuc t h i n .
Qua nhQng tQ lieu do ddng ho cua Tien
sy Nguyen C i u d huyen Phd' Yen, tinh Thai
Nguyen cung cip va cdng vdi viec sQu t i m
cua nhQng nha nghien cQu lich sQ, van hoa
d dja phQdng, biidc d i u da tap hdp dQdc
mdt so' tQ lieu va thdng tin gdp p h i n lam
sang ro que hQdng, than the cua Tien sy
Nguyln Ca'u - mot vo quan dQdi trieu nha
Le. Ong, ngQdi xa Tieu L l , tdng Tieu Le,
huyen Yen Phuc, phu Bic Ha, xQ Kinh
Bic, ngay nay la thdn Thanh Xuan, xa
Ddng Tien, huyen Phd' Yen, tinh Thai
Nguyen. R i t mong cac nha nghien cQu lich
sQ va van hoa cd them y kien de cd sQ ddng
thu^n giQa tai lieu khoa hoc va tQ lieu dQdc
lQu giQ, bao tdn d dia phQdng nham tdn
vinh ve mdt trong nhQng con ngQdi cd
nhieu ddng gdp cho trieu dinh nha Le.

CHU THICH
(1). Ngo Due Tho (chu. bien). Cdc nhd khoa
bdng Viet Nam, Nxb. Van hoc, Ha Npi, 1993; Bac
Ninh dii dia chi - Do Trong Vf (the ky XIX) - Do
Tuan Anh dich, Nxb. Van hoa Thdng tin, Ha Noi,
1997; Tuyen tap Van bia Hd Noi - Quyln I - Uy
ban Khoa hoc xa hdi Viet Nam - Ban Han Nom
sUu tSm, dich nghia va gidi thieu, Nxb. Khoa hoc
xa hoi, Ha Ndi, 1978, tr. 135, 164.

(2). Tuyen tap Van bia Hd Noi - Quyen I, sdd.
(3). Vi$n Nghien cuu Han Nom. Ten lang xa
Viet Nam ddu theky XLX (Cdc tong, trdn, xa danh
bi lam), Dudng Thi The, Pham Thi Thoa dich, Nxb.
Khoa hoc xa hpi, Ha Npi, 1981.
(4). Bai Viet s& ky todn thd, tap III, Nxb. Khoa
hoc xa hpi, Ha Npi, 1998, tr. 97.


T U LIEU - O I N H CHINH SlY LIEU

B

m

H I E N

C U O I

N A M l i t THCft

T H E

K f

X I X D E N

P H A P
N A M

T H U O C
1 9 2 4

(Tiep theo vd het)

NGUYEN PHAN QUANG*

VI. DON D I E N N A M KY CAC N A M
1922-1924
Tii sau Chien tranh the gidi lan thii
Nhat (1914-1918), don d i l n d Nam Ky co
nhiing chuyen bien mdi. Bdo cdo cua cac
Chii tinh nam 1922 phan anh kha ro n6t
tinh hinh nay:
+ Bqc Lieu: Chu tinh Bac Lieu nhan x<5t:
cong cuoc tien phong khai pha cua nhiing
ngiidi Phap tai tinh nay that dang ngdi ca.
Bat chap muon van kho khan, viec khai
thac co phiidng phap dang tiep dien het siic
nang dong. Nhiing don dien menh mong
cua ho hiia hen mot tiidng lai cang nic rd
hdn. Noi chung, cac don dien deu canh tac
liia, do dac diem ciia dat ruong viia thap
vila ngip nude, dac biet thich hdp vdi loai
canh tac nay.
Ban thong ke cac dien chu Phap hoae
nh&p quoc tich Phap trong tinh phan anh
cam quan trong cua cong cuoc khai thac,
dong thdi ghi ro vi t r i mdi don dien va so
cu-li sii dung trong moi dor. dien. Tii do, co

the n i t ra vai nhan xet:
- Trong tdng sd 40 chu dien, co 17 dien
chu ngiidi Phap, 20 ddn dien cua dien chu

ban xii nhap quoc tich Phap, 2 ddn dien cua
nha thd va hoi truyen giao va 1 ddn dien
thudc "Hoi Phap-Annam" (ciing la ddn dien
cd dien tich ldn nhat, tren 4000 ha).
- Trong tdng sd' 40 ddn dien, cd 2 ddn
dien tren 1.000 ha (BEC va Nguyen-CaoMan), 2 ddn dien tren 2000 ha (Le-VanMau va Tran-Khac-Nhuong) va 1 ddn dien
tren 4000 ha cua "Hdi Phap-An Nam". Cd
20 ddn dien t i i 100 ha den 800ha, sd'cdn lai
la nhiing ddn dien diidi 100 ha, nhd nhat la
ddn dien cua GUIBE (chi cd 5 ha).
- Ve nhan cdng, cd 5 ddn dien svL dung tii
100 den 150 nhan cdng. Rieng ddn dien cua
Le-Van-Thong d Long Thuy sii dung tren
300 nhan cdng.
+ Bd Ria: Ke t i i thang 12-1921, so'dien
chu trong tinh khdng cd gi thay ddi. Chi cd
mot ddn cua Bui-The-Kham xin cap
nhiidng 300 ha dat d thung lung sdng Rai
thudc lang "Moi" Nhu Lam de canh tac
liia.
Nhan cdng trong cac ddn dien cua ngiidi
Phap khdng cd nhieu (ddn dien BOISMERY d
Chau Pha cd 43 nhan cdng, ddn dien
MICHEL d Phiidc Tinh chi cd 6 nhan cdng).

*PGS. TS. TrUdng Dai hoc Su pham Tp. Ho Chi Minh

Eon dien Ram Ky Hi6i Phap HiuQc.
So' cu-li lam cong n M t tai cac don dien
cao su nhu sau:
1. Don dien COURTENAY: 162
2. Don dienBaRia: 120
3. Don dien BONNEFOY & VEILLET:
140
4. Don dien BRON: 35
5. Don dien Nguyen-Huu-Hao: 35
6. Don dien POTTEAUX: 10
7. Don dien BLAQUIERE: 10
Tai don dien trong bong cua ngUdi N M t
cl Xuyen Mdc co 14 cu-li An Nam lam viec
thUdng xuyen.
+ Bien Hda: Trong 6 thang dau nam
1922, khong co dien chu mdi (ngUdi Phap
hoae co quoc tich Phap) den Bien Hoa xin
l&p don dien.
Mot khoanh dat 49 ha 04 tai lang An
Loc da dUdc cap nhUdng vinh v i l n cho ba
SOUCHERE (theo Nghi dinh ngay 29-61922). Ngdt 20 ha cua don dien nay dUdc
trong ca phe giohg "Bra-xin" va trong dUa;
dien tich con lai dung lam dong co.
Mot 16 dat cong san (dien tich hdn 10 ha)
tai lang Dai An, tdng Phudc Vinh Ha da
ban dau gia cong khai ngay 14-6-1922 va
dng GAUTHEROT da t h i n g cudc. Ong nay
dang lam ddn xin l&p mot xudng cUa may

tai khu dat noi tren.
Mot sd' dien chu d Bien Hda sik dung
nhan cdng ngUdi An Nam hoae ngUdi "Moi".
Mot sd' dien chu. khac thue nhan cdng
nguyen quan Trung Ky hoae Blc Ky gdm
khoang 860 ngUdi, trong so' do cd 513 nam,
347 nG va tre con.
Nhin chung, sd' ludng nhan cdng cd giam
siit do anh hudng ciia nhiing bien ddng
trong cac ddn dien cao su. Cac chu ddn dien
chi gidi han trong vi§c bao dUdng nhUng
dien tich da canh tac. Tai mot so' ddn dien,

69
each la'y mu cao su luan phien da giam bdt
lUdng nhan cdng.
+ Ben Tre: Tai tinh nay, cd 33 dien chu
Phap hoae cd quo'c tich Phap chiem khoang
6.000 ha rudng va 580 ha dat canh tac cac
loai. Ho khdng triic tiep khai thac ddn dien
ma cho cac ndng gia An Nam thue...
Trong 6 thang cud'i nam 1921, trong tinh
khdng cd them ddn dien mdi. Chi cd 12 la
ddn xin mua theo gia thda thu&n hoae xin
cap mien phi mdt sd' dien tich thudc ddn
dien cu FREDIANI tai tdng Minh Tri, hien
dang tien hanh cac thu tuc dieu tra.
+ Cdn The/: ChUa cd them dien chu. mdi,
ke tU thang 1-1922. Nam nay, ngoai trU
trUdng hdp dng Lortat JACOB triic tiep

khai thac 3.000 ha d&'t d Thoi-Lai, tat ca
cac dien chii khac deu giao cho "ta dien"
canh tac.
+ Chdu Ddc: Hoat ddng khai thac cua
dien chu ngUdi Phap d Chau Ddc gdm
nhUng ddn dien ciia "Hdi Phap-Annam" d
Tan Chau, cua mot sd' thUa sai va mot dien
chu da d i n - dng VERLEY, cdng trUdng
khai thac da d Nui Sam cua cac dng
LAGAGE va GOUBER (hai ngUdi nay deu
la ciiu vien chuc cdng chanh d Cam-bd't).
Cac ddn dien trdng liia - ngoai tru" ddn
dien ciia dng VERLEY - deu ap dung
nhiing phUdng thUc gid'ng nhu cac diln chu
ban xU, nghia la cho "ta dien" thue rudng
va thu s i n p h i m bang liia.
Cdng ty Tan Thanh cd g i n 3.000 ha, cac
thQa sai cd vai tram ha, dng VERLEY
khoang hdn 400 ha, chUa tinh hai ddn dien
cao su va dUa cua dng ta. Tuy khdng cho
"ta dien" thue dat nhu cac dien chu ban xU,
dng VERLEY cung chi canh tac theo cac
phUdng thUc ban xU, khdng cd chut cai tien
gi. Ong ta giao cho mdt ngUdi ban xU dai
dien cho minh tren ddng rudng, va nam
1922 chi canh tac dUdc khoang 50 ha.


70

Rghien cuu Lich stf. so' 2.2011

+ Chet Ldn: Tai tinh nay, chi con mot
khu vile dang bo trong co the tudt khoi ldi
ich cua ctien chii ngiidi Phap, do la vung
phia bac con diidng sat goi la "canh dong
Cau-An-Ha". Nhiing do cha't dat bi nhiem
phdn n&ng nen vai nam qua co thiic hien
may de an nhUng deu th&t bai. V i nhu chu
don dien ldn PARIS (dien tich 2,500 ha)
sau nhieu thii nghiem khong hieu qua
danh phai xin hoan lai cong san 500 ha.
-

+ Gia Dinh: Trong 6 thang vQa qua,
khong co dien chii mdi trong tinh nay. Cd
hai dien chu - cac dng CLERC va
LIOTARD da diidc ca'p han hai don dien.
Mdt ngiidi diidc cap 3 khoanh da't cdng san
sau vu ban da'u gia nam 1918; mdt ngiidi
diidc cap nhUdng tam thdi 3 khoanh nam
1917.
Ong CLERC canh tac liia va diia tai khu
da't thudc An-Thoi-Dong, nhiing chat da't
phu sa khdng thich hdp vdi loai canh tac
nay. NhQng khoanh da't cap cho dng
LIOTARD thi dang trdng cay cao su. Cac
chu ddn dien g&p b i t ldi do gia cao su giam
sut ma gia t r i ddng "piastre" lai tang, nen
ho chi bang long vdi viec bao quan nhQng

dien tich da trdng trot chQ khdng khai thac
them dien tich mdi.
Khdng phai ti't ca dien tich do ngiidi
Phap chiem giQ de trdng lua deu da dQa
vao canh tac. Vf nhii d vung Can Gid hien
cd 2.000 ha dang khan hoang.
Cac chu ddn dien cao su sQ dung nhan
cdng tai cho, va ho r&'t hai long. Gia cdng
n h i t dao ddng giQa 40-45 xu ddi vdi nam va
25-30 xu ddi vdi na... Dien chu Phap cung
ap dung phQdng thQc tQdng t i i . Ho cho
ndng gia ban xa thue da't canh tac va tra
tien thue bang hien v&t hay bang tien sau
mdi vu thu hoach.
+ Go C6ng: Trong 6 thang dau nam
1922, tinh Go Cdng chUa cd them dien chu

mdi. Cac dien chu khdng triic tiep canh tac
ma cho ngUdi ban xQ thue da't, va ho chi sQ
dung nhan cdng ngQdi Nam Ky.
+ Hd Tien: To chQc khai thac quan trong
nha't cua tinh la "Cdng ty vd danh Phu
Quo'c" khai thac 2.684 ha, nhUng chi mdi cd
700 ha dUa vao canh tac, gdm 70.000 cay
cao su va 32.000 cay dQa.
Ddn dien cua PINAIRE d Bai Vong
chiem 1.200 ha nhUng cung chi mdi cd 72ha
dQa vao canh tac, gdm 13.000 cay dQa, vai
ngan cay ca phe va mdt i t cay cau. Ddn
dien cua BLANC d Hon Heo cd dien tich 70

ha. Ong nay da chet nam 1914 va ddn dien
nay cung se khdng tdn tai nQa neu khdng
cd ngUdi thay the. Cac dng MAUER va
VLALAR cd mot i t dien tich trdng tieu d
Hon Chong, nhung mot bo p h i n da bi bd
phe.
Sd' cu-li trong cac ddn dien cua ngUdi
Phap la 262 ngudi:
Don dien MAYER: 120 cu-li ngQdi Hoa
va 6 cu-li ngQdi Nam Ky.
Ddn dien VLALAR: 30 cu-li ngQdi Hoa.
Ddn dien PINAIRE: 28 cu-li ta do, ngUdi
Nam Ky.
Cdng ty vd danh Phu Qudc: 73 cu-li nam
va 6 cu-li nO, gdm ngUdi Cham va ngUdi An
Nam d Trung Ky va Nam Ky.
+ Long Xuyen: Cac ddn dien cua ngUdi
Au tai Long Xuyen chu yeu thudc sd hQu
cua cac thQa sai hdi truyen giao nQdc ngoai
ddng tai Cam-bd't vdi 2.500 ha trong tdng sd'
13.697 ha rudng da't thudc sd hQu cua
ngQdi Au. Ngoai trQ cac thQa sai cd each
canh tac ma t i t ca cac dien chu khdng the
ap dung dQdc, ndi chung cac ddn dien cua
ngQdi Phap trong tinh hau nhQ khdng may
phat dat. Vai dien chu cd' gang lam cho ddn
dien sinh ldi, may ra cung chi thu hdi dQdc
vd'n d i u tu.

Bon dien Ram Ky moi Phap HiuQc.
+ My Tho: Khong co dien chii mdi trong
6 thang dau nam 1922... Cac chu ddn dien
deu khong canh tac triic tiep ma ky hop
ddng cho ngudi ban xU thue dat trong thdi
han 1 nam. Cac ddn dien Phap d My Tho
deu khong co nhan cong ngoai lai.
+ Rach Gid: Khong cd thay ddi gi ve tinh
hinh ddn dien ciia ngUdi Phap. So' dien chu
van la 60 ngUdi, trong do cd 16 ngUdi nhip
qudc tich Phap. NhUng chi co 12 dien chu tinh ca 3 thUa sai - cU tru tai ddn dien, sd'
cdn lai thi giao cho nhQng quan ly canh tac.
Hau nhii ho chi trdng lua, trQ vai trudng
hop ngoai le.
Ngoai trQ vai chuc ngudi Bac Ky, nhan
cong trong cac ddn dien nay gdm ngudi An
Nam va ngudi Khd-me dUdc tuyen chon
trong so' nhQng ngUdi ban xQ. Da co 1.937
ngQdi dang ky hdp ddng vdi cac dien chu (so
vdi 2.280 ngUdi nam 1921). Dien tich canh
tac la 48.900 ha...
+ Sa Dec: Tren thUc te, khdng cd dien
chu ngUdi Phap trong tinh Sa Dec, vi khdng
cd ngUdi Phap nao trUc tiep khai thac
rudng da't dUdc cap nhUdng. Quan trong
nha't la ddn dien cua hdi truyen giao nUdc
ngoai tai Cam-bd't, do muc sU d Sa Dec triic
tiep quan ly. Don dien nay rdng 323 ha va
da dUa vao canh tac 300 ha.
Tiep den ddn dien cua Nguyen-TangSang vdi dien tich 176 ha da hoan toan dUa

vao canh tac. Don dien cua Le-Quang-Hien
tuy ldn nha't ve mat dien tich (2.000 ha),
nhUng vi nam sau trong Ddng Thap Mudi
nen thu hoach khdng dang ke.
Ngoai ra, cd the ke them mdt sd' ddn
dien cua nhQng ngQdi An Nam nhip qudc
tich Phap vdi dien tich hdn 3.000 ha, phan
ldn tren dia ban Ddng Thap Mudi va thu
hoach rat thap.
+ S6c Trang: Trong sd' nhQng dien chu
Phap d Sdc Trang, chi rieng dng NOVELLA

71
thang 4 vQa qua da ban cho dng Lortat
JACOB mdt khoanh rudng 214 ha 96.70 d
My Tu.
Mdt dien chu mdi la dng JACQUES vQa
den Sdc Trang each day vai thang, cQ tru d
Dai HQu va thue cua Diep-Van-Giap 200
ha rudng d Tu Diem. Lai them mot dien
chu tre ten la BAZE dQdc dng GRESSIER
giao cho nhQng khoanh da't ma dng da mua
tai Tuan Tuc. Mot ddn xin ca'p nhUdng 200
ha tai Cu lao Dung cua ba LE BRET da
dUdc chuyen ve Hdi ddng Thudc dia (Sai
Gdn) thang 4 vQ qua. Nhu v&y, tinh nay chi
cdn lai nhQng dien tich cdng san tren
nhQng cu lao cua Bassac.
+ Tdn An: Trong 6 thang qua, khdng cd
dien chu mdi d Tan An. Theo Nghi dinh

ngay25-4-1922, dng MARIBAUD hien dang
d Phap, dUdc cap tam thdi mdt khanh da't
40 ha 50.40 tai lang Binh Thanh, tdng
Cuu-Cu-Thuong de trdng dQa.
Ong NOGUERES, dai dien cua dng
MARIBAUD d Tan A, cung vQa dUdc cap
han mdt dien tich 48 ha94.40 cung lang ndi
tren theo Nghi dinh ngay 29-6-1922, de
chuyen trdng dQa. Rat tie'e la cay dQa dang
phat trien tdt thi bi t r i n lut vQa qua lam
thiet hai 40%.
Nhieu ddn dien ca'p tam thdi cho nhieu
dien chu Phap trong cac nam 1904, 1905 va
1907 tai Ddng Thap Mudi vdi tdng dien tich
4.731 ha 51.38 da dUdc hoan lai cho cdng
san theo yeu cau cua cac dien chu nay.
Nhin chung, nhan cdng ndng nghiep deu
dUdc tuyen dung tai chd, khdng gap khd
khan gi. Trong tinh chi cd ddn dien cua
Cdng ty cao su Binh Hda, cung vdi ddn dien
cua dng NOGUERES, tuye'n dung khoang
50 cu-li, tat ca deu la ngUdi Nam Ky. Cac
dien chu Phap khac chi chuyen trdng lua,
nhUng ho khdng cU tru tai cho ma cho
ngUdi ban xQ thue rudng.


72

Rghien ciru Lich stt. sg 2.2011

+ Tay Ninh: Nhan cong trong cac don
dien deu chi la ngQdi ban xii goc Nam Ky.
(Xem bang 4).

Bang thong ke don dien d Tra Vinh cho
thay:
. -j^ng '
^
£
i td'ng dien
s o

9

d

o

n

n

P h

p

v o

Bang 4: So cu-li trong cac don dien chinh

Don dien
Cong ty cao su Tay Ninh
Cong ty cao su ThUdng dao
VINCENT
FORTERRE
THEYS
CARLE
BALLOUS &BELLEOUD
Tdng cong:

So cu-li
400
60
10-80 (tuy nhu cau)
10
40
10
20
550 - 620

Dia diem
Hiep-Thanh
Suoi-Cao
Tram-Vang
An-Tinh
Cau-Khoi
Don-Thuan

+ Thu Ddu Mdt: Ngoai trU khoang 100
ha ruong lua da canh tac ciia hoi truyen

giao, tat ca cac ddn dien khac cua ngQdi
Phap deu chuyen trdng cao su. TQ nhieu
nam nay, do kho khan tai chinh nen trong
tinh chUa co them ddn dien mdi.
+ Trd Vinh: Tren thUc te, trong tinh Tra
Vinh khong cd ddn dien cua ngUdi Phap vdi

tich canh tac 3.817 ha 65 d tinh Tra Vinh,
da cd 4 ddn dien thudc sd hQu cua Hdi
Truyen giao tai Phuoc-Thoi (229 ha),
Giong-Rum (832 ha), Co-Chien (574 ha),
Bac-Trang (795 ha). Sau dd la 2 ddn dien
cua ngUdi Phap (BOS d Bac Trang: 723 ha,
va J.LOUIS d Cang Long: 120 ha) va 3 ddn
dien cua ngUdi ban xU cd qudc tich Phap

Bang 5: Cac don dien dtfdc cap han ke tii 1-1-1922
Dien chu

Ngay cap

Dia diem

Dien tich

Cay trong

BARTHE

25-4-1922

Binh Hung

25 ha 11

Cao su

Bang 6: Cac don dien dUdc cap tam thcri ke tit 1-1-1922
Chu don dien
CANQUE
VALETTE

Ngay cap
25-4-1922
- nt -

dung nghia cua nd. Mdt tdng dien tich ngdt
4.000 ha thudc sd hQu cua ngUdi Phap va
ngUdi cd qudc tich Phap deu cho ngQdi ban
xQ thue vdi dieu kien tQdng tQ nhQng
ruong da't cua cac dien chu ngUdi An Nam
hay ngudi Khd-me.

Dia diem
Binh Hung
Binh Thanh ThUdng

Di§n tich
29 ha 90
48 ha 80

(Vo-Cong-Tri) vdi hai ddn dien d Bang-Da
va Bac-Trang, tdng dien tich ngdt 200 ha,
va Nguyen-Thanh-Hon d T i p Ngai vdi dien
tich 156 ha.
- Nhan cdng trong cac ddn dien nay deu
tuyen dung tai chd kha thu&n ldi, nen cac