TÌNH HÌNH RUỘNG ĐẤT CỦA HUYỆN ĐẠI TỪ TỈNH THÁI NGUYÊN QUA TƯ LIỆU ĐỊA BẠ GIA LONG

TINH HIIVH RUONG DAT CUA
H[irVE]\ DAI TlT, T i m i THAI I^GUYE]^
QUA TU LEEU DIA BA GIA LOIVG 4 (1805)

DAM THI U Y £ N '

HOANG XUAN TRl/dNG"

1. Khai qudt v$ ciia huyfin Dai TU,
tinh Thai Nguydn
Dai Tfl lfi mdt huypn mien niii nlira d
phia tay bfic cua tinh Thai Nguydn, Vi tri
eua huyen dUdc sdch Dai Nam nhfi't thfi'ng
chi ghi: Huyen Dgi Tii a cdch phu 60 dam
vi phia nam, dong tdy cdch nhau 80 dam,
nam bac cdch nhau 30 dam, phia ddng den
dia gidi huyen Pho Yin 68 dam, phia tdy
den dia gidi huyen Vdn Ldng 12 dam., phia
nam din nui Tam Ddo thugc huyen Sdn
Duang tinh Sdn Tdy 18 dam, phia bdc de'n
dia gidi huyen Phu Luang 12 dgm (1).
Trong tien trinh lich sii ddn tdc. Dai Tfl
da nhilu ldn thay doi ten gpi vd dia gidi
hdnh chinh. Thdi cac vua Hflng, ca nUdc
dUdc chia thdnh 15 bp. Khi dd Dai Tfl thudc
bfi Vu Dinh. Dfi'n ddi Dudng thupe dift chdu
Vd Nga. Dudi thdi Ly, Dpi Tfl thufic phu
Phu LUdng, chdu Vu Lfic. Den trilu Trdn,
nfim Quang Thdi thfl 10 (1397), chdu Vu
Lfic doi thanh trd^n Thdi Nguyfin thufic phu
Phu LUdng, huydn Dpi Tfl luc ndy thupc

trdn Thai Nguyfin. Thdi thufic Minh doi
ldm chau Thai Nguyen gdm 11 huydn vfi
' PGS.TS. Dai hpc SU pham Thai Nguyfin
" Dai hoc Su ph^m Thdi Nguyen

ten huy$n Dai Tfl ed chinh thfle tfl thdi
thude Minh.
Den thdi Le. nfim Quang Thufin thfl 7
(1466), Lfi Thdnh Tfing ehia nfldc thdnh 12
dao, Dai Tfl thufic phu Phii Binh, dao Thai
Nguyen. Ba ndm sau (1469), nha Lfi ehia
nUde ta thdnh 12 thfla tuyen. Dai Tfl va
nhflng ddn vi hfinh chinh khae cua phu
Phii Binh thufic thfla tuydn Ninh Soc. Nfim
Hdng Dflc thfl 21 (1490), thfla tuyen Ninh
Sdc dupc la'y ten cii gpi Id xfl Thai Nguyfin.
Xfl Thdi Nguyen thdi Hdng Dflc gom 3 phu,
8 huyfin, 7 chau. Huydn Dai Tfl thdi gian
nay vin thufic phu phii Binh, xfl Thai
Nguyfin.
Ndm Vinh Tri thfl 2 (1677), 4 chau:
Thfldng Lang, Hp Lang, Thaeh Lfim,
Quang Uyen (phia bfic thufic phu Cao
Bfing) bi tach rifing dl thanh Idp trdn Cao
Bing. Tr^n Thai Nguyfin chi cfin ph£n dd't
cua 2 phu: Phii Binh, Thfing Hod. Huyfin
Dpi Tfl thupc phii Phii Binh, trsfn Thai
Nguyfin. .
Trieu Nguyen, thdi vua Gia Long, huyfin
Dai Tfl cd 7 tong gdm 20 xa vdn thude tra'n

Rghl6n curu tjch sJr. atf 8.2012
Thdi Nguyfin. Nflm Minh Mpng 12 (1831)
trf(n Thai Nguydn dU0c dd'i thfinh tinh Thdi
Nguydn. Ddng thdi, d$t cdc chflc bfi" chfinh
vd fin sat, dUdi quyin ciia td'ng dSc Ninh
Thai. Nfim thfl 16 (1835) Minh Mpng c^t
chdu Dinh (Djnh Hda) vd 3 huy^n Vfin
Lang, Dpi Tfl, Phu LflOng khdi phu Phfl
Binh dl Ifip thdm phii Tdng Hoa. Huy^n
Dpi Tfl vfi chfiu Vfin Lang (phia bflc Dpi Tfl
hidn nay) thudc phii ndy. Dudi thdi Ding
Khdnh (1886-1889). theo Ddng Khdnh dU
dia chi, huy^n Dpi Tfl cd 7 td'ng vdi 28 xfi
trang, phudng.
Thdi thupc Phdp. tinh Thdi Nguyfin lpi
hi chia eflt mpt ldn nfla. Ngdy 14- 1* 1900,
Ifi'y phdn dfi't thudc phu Thfing Hofi dl
thfinh lap tinh mdi gpi lfi Bfic Kan gdm 4
huyfin: Bach Thfing, Na Ri, Ngan Sdn, Chp
Ddn. Huydn Dai Tfl thupc dja phfin tinh
Thai Nguyfin. Ngfiy 1-8-1922, Dai Tfl vd
Vfin Lang hdp lpi lfim mpt gpi Id huypn Dai
Tfl, Ten gpi Dai Tfl ton tpi cho den ngfiy
nay.

phd dtft dai, thfinh Igip bdn mudng. Hp Id
ngfldi dflng ddu mUdng vfi cd quy^n thd
t^p. Trdn eO ad phdt triin ciia ch^ d^ ru^ng

dfft, cdc tfing Idp thdng trj gidnh vd ndm
quyin phfin phfli rudng dfi't, dfin dfin hinh
thdnh nhflng th6 tfl ldn b dja phUdng.
6 cdp huy§n Id m^t t h i tfl dja phUOng c6
thIf l^c ldn dupe trilu dinh phong ki^n
phong lfi phidn thfin nhU trUdng hpp cua
LUu Nhfin Chu theo gia pha ghi lai dng
Binh ra trong mdt gia dinh 4 ddi thl^ tflp
ldm quan phifin trdn cl vflng Thai Nguyfin.
Dfi'n dfiu thdi Nguyen, theo sdch Dai Nam
nhd't thdng chi thi huy§n Dpi Tfl do 'phiin
thdn hg Ma not ddi qudn tri, bdn triiu ddu
ddi Gia Long vdn theo nhU thd' (3). NhU
vdy, cho den thdi Gia Long, dflng dfiu
huydn lfi phien thfin hp Ma.

Mflc du vdn theo chi'dd t h i quan, nhUng
vua Gia Long da tien bd hdn cac trilu dpi
trUdc Id t l chflc dilu tra Ifip s i dinh, si
dien d$ quan li rupng dfi't vd B5 dinh trong
cdc ldng xfi mot each chfit che. Khi Minh
Trong thdi ki vdn dfing cdch mpng thang Mdnh mdi Idn ngdi (1820), BU kilm sodt cua
Tdm nfim 1945, Dai Tii cflng Dinh Hod vd chinh quyen trung Udng tdi vflng dfin tdc
Sdn DUdng lfi trung tdm cua chien khu thieu sd' dUde tfing cUdng Ndm 1829, dng
Nguyen Hup. Nfim 1965, hai tinh Thdi bai bd 1$ thd ty th^ tdp b cdc trdn Bfic
Nguyfin va Bfie Kpn hpp nhfi't ldm mpt tinh Thdnh nfii chung vd Dpi Tfl ndi rifing
Id'y ten lfi tinh Bfic Thdi. Huypn Dai Tfl "khdng cU thd ty, hdo muc, cU trong hgt ai
thufic tinh Bfic Thdi.
Id ngUdi thanh liSm, tdi ndng, cdn cdn vdn
Ndm 1996, tpi ki hpp thfl II Qufic hdi duac ddn tin phuc thi chgn cvt tdu lin,

khod IX (11-1996). Nhfi nudc quydt djnh khdng duac theo trUdc xUng Id tap qudn'
tdch tinh Bdc Thdi thfinh hai tinh Bfic Kpn (4). Nfim Minh M^nh thfl 17 (1836), bfit
vd Thai Nguyen. Tfl dd ddn nay huypn Dai dfiu dfit chflc luu quan d Dpi Tfl. Vdi vi^
thi^c hidn chfnh sfich "dfit lUu quan xen Ifin
Tfl thudc tinh Thdi Nguyfin.
t h i quan dl rdng budc giii ^ n ldn nhau",
Dai Tit Id huydn cd nhieu dan tpc anh
Minh M^nh da ting cudng sU kilm Bodt
em cung sinh sdng "ngUdi Kinh, ngUdi Thd
ciia chinh quyin Trung Udng ddi vdi chinh
d ldn nhau" (2). Trong Hch sii, t l chflc xa
quyin dia phUdng, thu hpp quyin luc ciia
hfii truyen thdiig b cdc dfin tfic Tdy - Nflng
tho tfl dja phUdng. Bfi mfiy chinh quyen ciia
Id mudng (ldn hdn ban). Dflng dfiu cdc
huy^n dUdc phdn c^p tfl huy^n den ting,
mudng Id cdc tfl trUdng, thii linh. Hp Id
xa, trfi'n vd cuoi cung lfi ban.
nhflng ngfldi cd cdng ddu trong vific khai


"flnh hhih niQng dfit eiia huyan Bni Tit...
6 c^p xa h0 thddng chflc sdc cd si;l thay
doi tfl thdi Gia Long d^n thdi Minh Mpnh.
Thdi Gia Long dflng dfiu cfi'p xa vfin lfi xa
trudng do dfin tU hfiu ra. Giiip vi^c cho xd
trfldng cd cdc chflc sfic myc, khdn thii...
Nfim 1828, cai each ciia Minh Mdnh vl bd
may quan ly ed'p xa. Theo dd, ly trfldng
thay cho xa trfldng, mdi xa chi cd 1 ly

trUdng va tfly theo quy mfi ldng xa nd'u sd
dinh tfl 50 dfi'n 149 thi dfit thfim mfit phd
ly, tren 150 thi dfit thfim 2 phd ly. Ly
trudng vd phd 1;^ phai chpn trong sd'nhflng
ngUdi "vdt luc cfin cdn", phai do ddn ldng
hfiu cii ra, dUdc phii huy$n xdt ki vd bdo len
trdn de ed'p vdn b^ng, mpc tri^n.
Dudi xa Id ban, cac ddn tpc 5 Dai Tfl
thudng sdng thdnh cdc ldng ban, tfly theo
die'u kiSn tU nhifin md sfi" dan cU cd the
ddng hay thfla, tao thfinh ban nhd hay ldn.
Tinh chd't cua ldng ban eung c6 nhflng ndt
rifing gifla tflng tdc ngfldi cung nhfl tflng
khu vUc. Tuy nhien, khfing phai Ifing ban
cd sU tdch bidt hofin tofin vl tdc ngudi nhu
la chi cd ngfldi Tfiy, hay chi cd ngfldi
Nung... ma cd sU hdn cU ciia cdc tde ngUdi
Tdy, Nung, Kinh,..
Mdi ldng ban cd mot dia vUe cU tru
rifing, cd pham vi dfi't dai canh tdc, da't
rflng, khuc sfing, khe suoi rieng thufic
quyin quan ly cua ban. Moi ban ed trfldng
ban; ngofii ra cdn cd ngUdi giup vific cho
trfldng ban Id ngUdi cd uy tin dflng dfiu cac
ddng hp.
2. Tinh hinh ruong dat
Tren cd sd tho'ng kfi 22 ddn vj dja ba cd
nifin dpi Gia Long 4 (1805), trong dd cd 21
dja ba cua 21 xa: An Ninh, Cd' Lam, Du
Chdu, Phuc Lam, An Thifim, An Thufin, An

Da, Hflng Sdn, My Trang, Ky Phii, Phu
Minh ThUdng, Ho^ng Nfing, Hoa Ky, La
Binh, Phu Ndng, Tifin Hfii, Tien Sdn, Luc
Ba, Phuc Khdnh, TrUdng DUdng thudc 7

29
tdng (An Ninh, An Thufin, Hflng Sdn, K^
Phu, Phu Minh ThUdng, Tidn Sdn, Trfldng
Lang) ciia huy^n Dai Tfl vfi d$c bi^t lfi cd
01 dja bp thdng kd s6' ddt phifin thfin.
Rudng dd't ciia 20 xd vd rudng phifin thfin
ciia huy^n Dai Tfl theo thd'ng kfi trong tU
li^u dia bp cu thi nhu bang 1.
So' li^u tfl bang 1 cho thd'y, phfin ldn
rupng dd't ciia huyfin Ba Be deu lfi rudng
tu. Khdng ke rupng lUu hoang, sd tu dien
thUc trflng lfi 2446.4.2.3 trfin td'ng sdrufing
dfi't lfi 2916.7.8.0. Sd tho trach vifin tri,
thfin tfl, phfit tu chid'm so' lUdng khfing
ddng kl.
Cung gifi^ng nhu cdc huyen khac, tho
trach, vien tri ciia Dai Tfl khfing chia cho
tflng chii mfi do ban xa ddng cfl. Tdt ea cac
xa b Dpi Tfl de^u c6 loai dd't nfiy vdi td'ng
dipn tich 60.8.5.3 (ca thfle trflng vfi lUu
hoang), miic binh quan la 3 mau 2 td'c/ Ixa.
Tuy nhien mfle dp sd hiiu cua tflng xfi la
rd't khdc nhau, xa ed difin tich cao nha't la
xa An Thifim (5.0.6.3), xa cd mflc thap nha't
la xa Phue Khdnh (0.3.0.0),

Dd't than tfl, phdt tu b vao thdi diem
nflm 1805, trong tong sd cac xa thi cd 7 xa
cd lopi dfi't ndy vdi td'ng dien tich la 5 mfiu 7
sao 14 thudc 5 td'c (chiem 0,2% tong dien
tich dfi't dai ciia toan huyfin). Xa cd dien
tieh eao nha't cung chi Id 3 mfiu 3 sao 12
thudc 9 td'c (xa La Binh), xa thd'p nhfi't chi
cd 1 sao (Phuc Khanh). Dilu nay cd thi
dUdc ly giai lfi do trai qua nhilu nfim chie'n
tranh, loan lac sinh boat vdn hoa tin
ngUdng ciia cU dan da giam sut nhilu.
Thfim vdo dd nhd Nguyen chii trUdng Ifi'y
Nho giao lam he tU tfldng chinh dd phfin
nfio han chd' sU phdt trien ciia chfla ehiln.
Ngodi ra, chflng ta cung phai tha'y rflng.
Dpi Tfl lfi huyen mien nui vi t h i quy md
cua cac dinh chfla b day nho hdn so vdi khu
vUc dong bing Bfic Bd.


Bghltn cihi Lleh ai. zi 8.8018

Bang 1: Th6'ng ke cAc loai ru^ng tit cua huytn Dal Til
Dan Vf: Mdu.sdo.lhudc.litc (m.s.lh.l)

SII

Tin

T(n x».

tfch niOns
"Son

1

*
3

4

T6ni difn

Tbd Irf ch v i t a I r l

Tif difn
Thvrc

Lira

Thyc

An Nmh

105,0-4 5

An

CiiLam

133.1 14 3

33000

Ninh

DuOiSu

66 0 1Z 2

644 11 2

T h i n m. p W H r
Tfavc

Lm

0900

3600

100545

0400

99 7.14,3

0200

I4.t,0

10,9 0

12 1 3 1

PhacUm

13 112 1

AnThiSm

233 4 2 6

227 8 11 3

5,0 6 3

Thu^

An Thufin

2^36 134

288.7.13 4

4 90.0

An Da

91,K2fi

894 8 6

2,3,9-0

HiUig

HUng Son

227 3 7 6

221 4 1 6

5,9,6-0

Mi Trang

HD800

80 4 0 0

0 4,0,0

KfPhil

312 7,6 9

308 8.8,9

3,8,13.0

An

Luu

iriniB

•Ml

0500

Son

KrPhil
Phil

'

Mmh

Pha Minh
Thuong

8

60 4.1 2

220.0.0 0

1,0.0 0

67 1 4 8

65 1,4 8

2.0 0 0

HOBKI

1I338)(

108 8 8 8

4.5,0 0

Tiin

La Binh

l l 2 5t( 1

105 8 3 9

3300

3 3 12 9

Son

Phd NOng

161,6,2,9

154 6 5.3

6 5.5 0

0476

Tifin H6i

37.3 2 5

346 2 5

2,7-0,0

TifinSon

36.2.4 0

33430

2,8-1,0

Hoing NAng

6

2B1,4 1 2

LucBa

306 4 6.5

3017 12 5

4,4,0 0

0.2,9,0

Tni&ng

Phiic KhSnh

42-2-6.9

4t S 6 9

0 3-0 0

0.10,0

Lang

Tnldng
106.7.8.6

103.2,8,6

3.3.00

DSt phien ihlln

94 4 3.8

9-7.2,2

8 3 9 16

29167 8 0

2446.4 2 3

403 7 0-9

58653

2.2 0 0

5 7 14 5

100%

83.88%

13 84%

2.00%

0 08%

0 2%

0 8.0 0

Ngudn: Tlufng U 21 dm ba Gia Long 4 (1805)

De hinh dung ro hdn ty Ip cac lopi rupng
ndy tren tong so rudng dd't ciia huypn Dpi
Tfl, chung tdi da tho'ng kfi so li^u b bang 2.
Tfl sd' li§u b cac bang 1, 2 vd biiu d l 1
cho tha'y:
ThU nhd't, gfin nhu tofin bp di^n tfch dtft
dai cua huydn Ba Bl ci niia dfiu thc( ky XIX
Id tu diin chfl khdng cd rugng ddt cdng.
Ddy cung Id xu hUdng chung dien ra p h i
bien trong ca nUdc luc bSfy gid. Duy cd xa

Trd Lu (Nam Djnh) Ifi hdi d$c bi^t vl d dfiy
khfing cd sd hOu tU nhdn trong k^t cdu
rupng ddt. C6 tdi 93,6% di^n tich rudng Id
cfing diln, cdn l^i 6,4% Id rupng tfn ngUdng
(5).
ThU hai, di^n tich rudng ddt lUu hoang
khd ldn. Trong ting sfi'2916.7.8.0 thi rupng
d&t thi^c trUng Id 2510.8.7.1 (chi^m
86,08%), cdn phfin lUu hoang Id 406.9.0.9
(13,92%), trong dd phfin luu hoang chu ylii

Tinh hinh rudng d a ciia huyan Eai Tfl...

B&ng 2: Ty le phdn bd' cac loai rudng dfi't cua huyfin Dai Tfl nfim Gia Long 4
Dtm vi: M^u.sito.thu&c.idc (m.s.tlt.i)
Loai ruonE da't
- Thuc trimg
+ Tu di^n
+ Thd trach, vifin tri
+ T h ^ tit, phat tij difin th6
- Litu hoang
+ Tit diln
+ Th6 trach, vifin tri
Tong cong

Di«n Ifch

Ti lfi (%)

2510.8.7.1
2446.4.2.3
58.6.5.3
5 7 14.5
405.9.0.9
403.7,0.9
2 2 0.0

86,08
83,88
2.00
0.2

13,92
13,84
0,08

2916.7.8.0

100

NguSn Thd'ng ki 21 dia bq Gia Long 4 flSOS)

Bliu dd 1: Tinh hinh sd huu rudng ddt d Dai Tir nfim 1805

Lmi hoang
Thirc tnmg

la dien (xem bang 2). Nfi'u so sanh vdi ty 16
so' rupng lUu hoang cua 8 tinh ddng bling
sdng Hdng la 21,75% (6) tW ty le lUu hoang
cua huyfin Dai Tfl cd phfin nhd hdn. So
sanh vdi cac huyen khae trong tinh Thdi
Nguyen thi didn tieh dat hoang ciia Dpi Tfl
lai tMp hdn: b Phii Binh 18,49% (7), Phfi'
Yen 21,45% (8). So vdi ty lfi lUu hoang ciia
huypn Ba Bl Id 4,23% (9) thi sfi'ruSng lUu
hoang eua Dai Tfl ldn hdn nhifi'u. Tuy
nhifin, dieu cfin nhdn manh b day lfi, dfi^t
lUu hoang ehu yd'u Id rdi vao ba trUdng hdp
la xa Co Lam (99.7.14.3/ 133.1.14.3 rupng

dd't cua xa); xa Phu Minh Thfldng

(220.0.0.0/ 281.4.1.2 rudng dd't cua xa) vd
dfi't phien thfin (83.9.1.6/ 94.4.3.8). Ly giai
dieu dd cd thi cd nhieu nguyen nhan khac
nhau, song dieu de nhdn thd'y la do hfiu
qua ciia cdc cudc chid'n tranh kdo ddi, ngUdi
ddn phai phieu tdn. NhUng quan trpng Id
anh hudng ciia dieu kipn tU nhien gdy khd
khfin cho vide canh tdc san xudt. Sach Dgi
Nam nhdt thd'ng chi chdp vl khi hfiu ndi
ddy: cdc huyen TU Ndng, Dong Hy, Phu
Luang, Binh Xuyen khi lam chUdng nhe con
cdc huyin khdc thi nang md huyin Dg.i TU


22

Rghien cOru Ljch siir. atf S.2012

Son) • m^t chfle sfic cua xd • vdi di§n tich sd
hflu Id 69 mfiu 7 sfio 3 thUdc 2 tdc. Chii cd
mflc sb hflu thd'p nhfit Id bfi Nguyin Thi
Djnh vdi mflc scl hflu 1 mfiu 5 sdo. Nhin
chung scl hflu rudng dfi't cila cdc chii b thdi
dilm ndy phi biln Id
loai vfla vd nho.
Bang 3: Quy md sd hiifu rudng dtft dhuy^n DaiTfl(IK05)
Sd hflu binh qudn
Dlfn Ifch sc> hOu (m,i,lh.O
S6chu
Quy md so hOiu

1 chii 5 Dai Tfl Ifi 10
Tv It {%)
Dltn Uch
STif It (%)
mfiu 3 thudc 9 tfic.
H.84
216,3,13,7
I - 5 mSu
63
2S.B2
Dd lfi mflc sd hflu
3I,KK
779,9,5,]
5—10 mfiu
101
41,39
binh qudn tfldng doi
cao. Tuy nhifin mflc
765,0,13,6
31,27
22.95
56
10-20mftii
binh qudn khfing
416272
17,01 20 - 30 mSu
6,97
17
diu giiJa cac xa: Xfi

199 0 4.5
6
2,46
8.14
30 - 50 mSu
cd mflc binh quan sd
hflu cao nh£t lfi xa
SO - 7 0 mlu
1
69,7,3,2
2.85
0,41
La Binh (tong Tien
100
2446.4,2.3
T i n g c6ng
244
100
Sdn)
vdi
mflc
26.4.8.4, tiep dd la
Ngudn: TMng ke 21 dia bg Cia Long 4 (1803)
trfi'n Du Chau (tong
An Ninh) vdi mflc
So" rupng dd't tu hiiu cua huyfin Dai Tfl
21.4.13.7.
Xa
ed
binh

quan sd hflu thdp
thupc ve 244 chii. Quy mfi tU hflu rudng dd't
b Dai Tfl ve cd ban cd 6 loai nhU thdng ke cl nhd't Id xa Phuc Lam (td'ng An Ninh) chi c6
bang 3. Khdng cd ngudi sd hiiu dudi 1 mfiu, 2.4.7.2.2 thd'p hdn 11 Ifin so vdi xa ed mflc
binh qudn sd hflu cao nhd't. MiJtc dp sfl hflu
chi cd cac chu sd hflu tfl 1 mdu trd len.
Trong do, 63 chii co mfle sd hflu dUdi 6 cung khdng dfi'u gifla cdc chii sd hflu vd
mau chiem 25,82% so chu nhUng lai chi sd gifla cae xa. Difi'u dd phan anh sU phdn hod
hflu 8,84% dipn tich dd't dai. Nhieu nhfi't Id sau sfic gifla cdc tfing Idp sd hflu b ndi day
- Gidi tinh trong sd hihi rugng dd't.
sd hflu tfl 5 dd'n 10 mdu (101 chu / 244 chu)
chiem 31,88% dipn tieh rupng dd't. Loai thfl
Tfl kfi't qua th^ng kfi 21 dia ba nfim Gia
hai Id sd hflu tfl 10 den 20 mfiu ed 56 chu Long 4 (1805) chung tfii da hp thfi'ng ke
nhUng sd hflu tdi 31, 27% di^n tfch dd't dai. dupc quy md scl hflu ciia cdc nhdm hp cung
Nhin chung, ed chu sd hflu vfla vd nhd tfl 5 nhu d bang 4.
din 30 mau chid'm sd lUdng dfing dao vdi
Trong tong sfi' 244 chii cd 68 chii sfl hflu
174 ehii ehiem 71,31% ting sd chii vfi Id nfl chiem 27,87%. Day Id mdt ty le khd
80,16% didn tich rupng dd't. Mflc sd hflu ldn cao vd Id mdt hi$n tUdng ddng lUu y dudi
c6 the gpi Id dai dia chii b day cd 7 ngfldi trieu Nguyen khi mfi tU tuflng trpng nam
(2,87% so chu) sd hflu tfl 30 dfi'n 70 mdu, khinh nfl dUdc dl cao.
chilm 10,99 % dipn tfch rupng dd't,
Tuy nhifin, nhin mot cdch ting the quy
Chu eo mflc sd hflu cao nhd't lfi dng md sfl hiJu ciia nfl thd^p hdn cua nam rSit
LUtJng Dinh Phach cl xa La Binh (tong Tifin nhieu vfi gifla cac chu sfl hflu lfi nfl cung cd

ud Vu Nhai lgi ndng hdn cd... (10), Tuy
nhien, vi sao ru^ng phifin thfin b Dpi Tfl lpi
bo hoang nhifi'u nhU v§y, dfiy lfi vdn dl cfin

tid'p tuc nghidn cflu.
- V^" quy md sd hUu rudng ddt


Tinh hhih ni^ng dat ciJa h u y ^ Bgl Tfl...
Bang 4: Quy md sd huru rudng dfit cua cfic nhdm ho
StI
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
tl
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

24
25
26
27
Tons

Ho
Bilnh
Diep
Doanh
Dirone
Dim
Dio
Dmh
D6nK
H.\
Hoilnc
Lilm
Uiann
Le
Luu
Lv
KiOu
Ma
Nifn
NsO
Pham
Phati
Trin
Tnnh

Tiuanfi
Vi
VG

StfchiJ

T^1C(%)

1
2
1
14
1
2
3
4
5
17
1
7
7
7
4
1
S
1
6
109
6
1

25
2
5
2
2
244

0 44
0 82
041
5 74
041
0 82
1 22
1 64
2 05
6 97
O'll
2K7
2 K7
2 K7
1 64
041
3 28
041
2 46
44,67
2 46
041
10,25

0.82
2.05
0.82
0 82
100

Dl(n Ikh s(m.s.th.O
6,0,0,0
20 0 0.0
13,1,7.0
98,9,7,6
26,1,8 2
17300
34,2,0,0
32 1 0 0
54 1 0,0
174526
5000
114,9,6 6
71 0 0 0
58920
22 4 3 9
30 2 13 5
43420
7 5 110
25 5 2 8
10900 5 7
117.0,10.0
11,0,0,0

297.5,4,3
24 9 0,0
34 9 0 9
14.9 0 0
19,5.0 0
2446.4.3.2

Ty l( (%)
0 24
0 82
0,53
4,00
1 06
0-7
1,39
1,3
22
7 li
02
4 67
2 9
2 37
09
1 22
1 75%
0,29
!,14
44 56
4 78
0 44

12 14
0 98
1 39
0,57
0,77
100

Ngudn: Tlufng ki 21 dia b^ Gia Long 4 0805)

Sfl phan hoa khdc nhau. Chii sfl hflu Idn
nhd't vdi mfle 32 mdu 5 sfio, cdn chii sfl hflu
thdp nhat chi cd 1 mdu 5 sdo.
Cung nhu cac huypn khac trong tinh, 6
Dai Tfl cung cd ngfldi phu canh. Dd Id
nhflng ngudi b ndi khac den ban xa va cd
rupng dd't sd hflu, tuy r^ng ty lfi ndy khdng
ldn (48 ngudi). Phai chdng tinh trpng it dfit
va lai phan tdn trong nhie'u ngUdi sfl hflu
nho nhu tren da kich thich ho di tim kiem
them rufing dfit ngodi phpm vi ldng xa ndi
minh sinh sd'ng. Mdt khfic, qud trinh tU
hflu hod rufing dfit da dien ra manh me nfin
da thuc dfiy tinh trang mua bdn, cfim cd
rufing dd't phat trien.
Cdc dia ba cdn cho bie't cu the chfit lUdng
rudng dfit cung nhfl thdi vu cdy cfiy cua cac

xa dd. Trdn tong thi 3 vdo thdi dilm nay
dfit dai d Dai Tfl khdng mfiu md lfim, ehu
yiu Id dfit loai 3 vd todn bd dien tfch lfi thu

dien (rufing miia). Dieu nfiy phan dnh tinh
chfit dia hinh, khi hfiu cua mfit huydn miin
nui vdi loai hinh rudng phu thudc nhieu
vao thien nhifin.
- Quy md sd hUu rudng dd't cua cdc
nhdm hg
Dien tfch rufing dd't tU 5 Dai Tfl tai thdi
dilm 1805 thupc ve 244 chii sfl hflu ciia 28
hp khdc nhau. Tuy nhifin sfl phfin bo'chii sfl
hflu trong cdc hp khfing deu. Cd nhflng ho
rfit dfing nhu hp Nguyen (109 chii =
44,67%), Tran (25 = 10,25%) nhUng cung ed
nhflng hp chi cd 1 chii sfl hflu nhU ho Banh,
Doanh, Dam, Lam, Kieu, Nifin.


Rghien eihi Ljch zit. atf 8.2012
Cflng vfli sfl phfin bd khdng diu vl chii
sfl hflu thi mflc d$ sfl hflu gifla cfic nhdm hp
cung khfing b^ng nhau. Vf dy nhfl chii sfl
hflu ldn nhfit Id dng Luong Dinh Phfich (hp
LUdng) vdi mflc 69.7.3.2, cdn ede hp khac
khdng ai dat mflc sfl hflu nhU vdy.

dtft, trong dd stf chflc sfic trfin 50 mfiu (dai
dja chii) cd 4 ngfldi. Nhflng chflc sdc cd mflc
sd hflu eao nhtft lfi: LUdng Dinh Phfich
(69.7,3.2), Trfin Gia Kl (39.6.0.0).

Dilu dfing chfl ^ b Dpi Tfl vdo thdi dilm

nfiy cd 11 chiic sfic khfing cd rudng dtft
Xdt vl quy md sfl hflu ciia cdc ddng hp fl (16,42%), th§m chf cd nhflng xd tfit ca cdc
Dpi Tfl vdo thdi gian nfiy ta thfiy mflc d$ chflc sdc diu khdng cd ru^ng dtft nhU xd:
phan hoii gifla cac hp lfi khfi ldn. Cdc hp Phu Minh ThUpng, Phuc Ldm, An Thufin.
Nguyin, Hodng, Trfin chifi'm 63,81% ting Trong khi dd, ty 1§ ru^ng dtft lUu hoang fl
didn tfch rufing dfi't ciia tofin huy^n. Rifing Phu Minh ThUpng lpi khd cao (xem bang
hp Nguyen lfi mfit hp ldn chilm 44,67% sfi' 1). Cflng Lhdi dilm, ty 1§ chflc sfic khfing cd
chu sfl hflu vfi 44,56% ting di?n tfch rudng rudng da't fl huy§n Phii Binh, tinh Thdi
Nguyfin lfi 18,9% (11), cao hdn Dai Tfl
dfi't.
Trong khi ting didn tfch mfi cac chflc sfic fl
- Sd hihi rudng ddt cda cdc chUc sdc
Dpi Tii sfl hflu Id 719.8.4.9, chi^m gfin 1/3
Tu lidu dia ba Gia Long 4 cho bifi't cd 67
di^n tfch rufing dtft sd hflu trong todn
chflc sfic bao gdm: 23 s^c muc, 17 xa
huy^n. Binh qudn sfl hflu ciia cfic chflc sdc
truflng, 18 thdn truflng, 9 khan thii. Tinh
Id 12.7.12.4 (khong tinh nhflng ngUdi
hinh tu hflu rudng dd't nhU tho'ng kfi 5
khdng cd rupng dtft).
bang 5.
Bang 5: Tinh hinh tir hihi rudng dtft ciia cdc churc sfic
10-»20

20-3O

30-50

M-»70

CbDc vj

Kfadue ru^Qg di(

l->5miu

S-^lDmlu

S&c muc (23)

2

2

9

6

2

1

1

8.7%

2.7%

39,13%

26.07%

8.7%

4,35%

4.35*

miu

mil

Xalnicnie(I7)

4

2

5

4

1

1

%
•ni6nifu&ng{18)
%

23 53%

11.76%

29.41%

23,52%

5,88*

5,88%

Kh6n Ihil (9}

3

%

2

2

7

3

3

1

11,11%

11,11%

38.89%

16,67%

16,67%

5,56*

4

1

I

44,44%

11,11%

11,11%

33,33%

Ting (67)

n

6

25

14

7

3

1

100%

16.42%

8.95%

37.31%

20.9%

10,44%

4,48%

1.49%

Ngudn: Thgng ki 21 dja bg Gia long 4 (1805)

Cd din 83,58% so chflc sfic fl huy^n Dai
Tfl cd rupng dfit.
Sd chflc sfic sfl hflu tfl 1 d^n 5 mfiu Id 6
ngudi (8,95%).
So' chflc sdc cd rupng dtft tren 5 mfiu lfi
50 ngufli chiem tdi 74,62% dipn tich rudng

- Dgi TU cd ddt phi&n thdn
Cung nhu cdc trilu dpi qudn chii khdc,
vi$c bao v$ bidn gidi dtft dai qud'c gia Id mdt
trong nhflng cdng v i ^ quan trong ciia nha
nfldc phong kil'n. Dfic bipt ddi vdi vflng
liCng nui, dUdi trilu L^, trilu dinh thUdng


Thih hinh ruQng dua vfio cdc tho tfl dia phfldng de cai quan
thdng qua chinh sfich "nhu vien" tflc Id
phong chflc tudc, rdng budc hfin nhdn vdi
cac tu truflng dia phUdng. Neu nhU fl Bao
Lac (Cao B^ng) cd hp Ndng, fl Ding Vfin
(Hd Giang) cd hp Nguyin, ho Vi fl Lpc Binh
(Lang Sdn) thi fl Dpi Tfl cd hp Ma lfi hp cd
thd'luc ldn tai dia phUdng. Nfim 1802, nhd
Nguyin da cho ban hdnh chinh sach phifin
thfin, theo dfi: "Ban quan tUdc cho cdc thd
tit d Bdc Hd, cdc phiin thdn d Tuyin
Quang, HUng Hod, Thdi Nguyin la Ndng
Phuc Liim, Ma Thd Cd ldm tuyin uy dgi

sU. Ma Si Trach, Nguyin Qudng Chii'n,
Nguyin Khdc TrUang, Ma Thd Nhi, Dinh
Cdng Vuang, Dinh Cdng VUOng, Dinh Cdng
Trinh ldm tuyin dy sU..." (12). Vi vdy, fl
Dai Tfl cd loai dfit phifin thfin. Theo dia ba
Da't Phien thfin mang so' hieu Q8373 ciia
Trung tam Lflu trfl Qude gia I ha Nfii thi
tong dipn tich ciia dd't phifin thfin lfi
94.4.3.8, trong dd tU diln Id 93.6.3.8 va dfit
ao 0.8.0.0. Tuy nhien phfin thuc canh chi cd
9.7.2.2 (10,2%), cdn lpi da phfin difin tich Id
lflu hoang (83.9.1.6 = 89,8%). Vflng da't ndy
chu yeu do Dudng Dinh Vien Idp dia ba vd
canh tdc. Difi'u dd cho thd'y dong hp Dudng
fl Dai Tfl thdi diem ndy lfi mpt trong nhflng
ho ldn tai dia phfldng. Dfic bifit lfi, so vdi
mpt so* huyen khfic cua tinh Thai Nguyen
thi chi cd Dpi Tfl mdi cd dd't phien thfin
dudi thdi Gia Long.

ThU ba, quy md sfl hflu rufing dfi't khd
edeh bi^t, phfin nhilu Id sfl hflu nho vfi vfla.
Sd chii sfl hflu ldn khfing nhilu nhUng lai
sfl hiiu kha nhieu rupng da't. Trong so' cac
chii sfl hflu b viing nfiy cd 68 ehu sfl hflu lfi
nfl chiem 27,87% td'ng sd'chu. Chflc sfic ciia
huyfin Dpi Tfl cd 67 ngfldi, trong dd ed 11
ngUdi khdng cd cd rudng. S3' co rufing la 56
ngudi tren td'ng stf 244 chii sfl hflu nhflng
lai nfim trong tay gfin 1/4 rufing dtft tofin

huypn (719.8.4.9/tong dien tfch 2916.7.8.0).
Tuy nhien, ty le chflc sfic khfing cd rupng
dfi't cung khd ldn (16,42% ehflc sfie). Dfic
bipt, ndi day cdn cd dfi't phien thfin vdi difin
tfch kha ldn, mfic dfl phfin ldn dd't de hoang
hoa,

3. NhSn xet
ThU nhdt, Dai Tfl, huydn mie'n nfli phfa
Bfic T l qud'c kinh ttf ndng nghipp la chu yeu
nhUng nhflng diln bil'n chinh ve rupng dtft
da phan dnh xu thtf chung cua tinh hinh
rufing dtft cua ca nUdc thdi Nguyin. Dd Id
sfl hflu tu nhan chitfm ty 1? cao (97,72%).
Dai Tfl khdng cd rudng dfit cdng. Dieu dd
chflng td qua trinh tfl hflu hod rudng dfit da

Tkvl tu, tinh hinh rufing dtft ciia huy^n
Dai Tfl dudi thdi Gia Long cho thd'y, Dai Tfl
eflng khfing nfim ngofii xu the chung ciia ca
nfldc lfi tu hflu rudng dtft phat trien manh
me. Cfing hflu rufing dtft ngfiy cfing hi thu
hpp, thfim chi khdng cdn rupng cdng nhU fl
Dai Tfl. Day lfi bieu hien cu thi cho tinh
hinh rupng dfit fl Viet Nam vdo nhflng thdp
nfin dfiu thtf ki XIX.

dat ddn dinh cao. Do dilu ki§n tu nhifin vd
xa hdi md di^n tich dd't lUu hoang b Dai Tfl
lfi khd ldn chitfm 13,92% tong di^n tich

rudng dfi't.
ThU hai, Quy md sfl hflu rupng dtft gifla
cdc xa trong huyfin lfi khdng diu nhau, Xa
Phuc Lfim chi hdn 13 mfiu, trong khi xd
Lyc Ba cd hdn 306 mfiu. Hi^n tfldng chii
rupng lfi ph\i nii chifi'm ty Id khd cao, cd 68
chii sfl hflu Id nfl trfin tong sd 244 chii
(chifi'm 27,87% tong stf chu).
Dfic bidt, mflc dfi tfl hflu ldn vl rufing
dd't khdng chi tflp trung trong tay mfit sfi'
ddng hp ldn md edn tdp trung trong tay cac
chflc dich, Bfie mue, tfing Idp quan IJf ctfp
dia phUdng thdi Nguyen.


Rghian eflii L|ch aiJr. atf 6.2012

CHU THtCH
Nxb, Thuflin H6a, Hutf, 1992, tr, 159, 163, 159,

(1), (2). (3). Dgi Nam nhdt th&ng chi, t(lp IV,

4, An Da xfi, dja b^i nfim
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8370.

(4), Dgi Nam thtfc Iv-c. l(lp II, Nxb,Gifio dye, H&
Npi, 1992, tr.682.

il. Trudng DUdng x9, dja b^ nfim Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH; Q8380.

(5), Dinh Thi ThuJ Hifin, Vdi ndt vi xd Tri Ld
(Nam Dinh) ddu thiki XIX qua lU it^u d/o bg. Ttfp
chf khoB h9c • KHXH vk NV- D(ji h(?c Qu6'c gio Hk
N§i, 8^23 nfim 2007, tr. 131.

Gia Long 1,

6, TiSn II91 xg, dja b^ nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8400.
7. Phiic Khdnh x6. dja b^ nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8386.

(6), NguySn Phen Quang: Khdi nghia NOng
Vdn Vdn d Cao - Lgng (1833-1834). T(ip ch( NgkiSn
cUuLichsi, sff 4-1981, tr, 43,

8 Hoa Kl xfi, dja bp nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8376,

(7), (11). L6 Thj Thu HilOng, Huy^n Phi Binh
tinh Thdi Nguyin qua tU ltiu dia bg triiu Nguyin
nia ddu thi ki XIX. Luftn vfin Th^ic al Ljeh sfl,
Truong D91 h9C SiI ph?m Thai Nguyfin, 2008, tr,
36.

10. Phac Lflm xa, dja b? nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH; Q8388.

(8). VQ Thi thu Hfi, Tinh hinh rudng dSt huyin

Pho Yen - Thai Nguyen nia ddu thi kl XIX.
Truflng Dai hoe sii pham Thai NguySn, 2010, tr.
23,

12. HoAng Nflng xfl, dja bp nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8375.

(9) Nguyen Dflc Thing, Tinh hinh rudng ddt
ciia huyen Ba Bi, tinh Bdc Kan nia ddu thi ky
XIX qua tu lieu dia bg. Tap cM Nghiin ciu Lich
si, ao 4-2010.
(10). Dgi Nam nhd't thd'ng chi, t^p IV, add, tr.
163
(12). Dgi Nam ihUc Igc, tflp III, Nxb. Sfl hijc,
HfiNfli, 1963, tr. 78.
TAI LIEU DIA BA
1. Luc Ba xa, dia bp akra Gia Long 4, Trung
tam Lflu trii Quffc gia I Kh. N^i CTTLTQGIHN),
KH. Q8383.
i . La Binh xa, dja b? nfim Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8381.
o. Du Chau trfi'n, dia b^i nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8397.

9. C^ Lflm xfl, dja b^ nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8368.

11. An Nmh xfl, dja b^ nfim Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8390.

13. Phii N6ng xfl, dja b^i nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH Q8396
14 Kf Phu xfl, dja bp nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN. KH: Q8387.
16. Hdng Sdn xfl, dja bp nfim Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8377.
16. Tien Son xa, dja bf nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8382.
17. Dfl't PhiSn t h i n , dja b^ nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH Q8373.
18. An Thifim xfl, dja bp nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN. KH; Q8372.
19. An Thu$n xa, dja bp nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8404.
20. Phil Minh ThUpng xfl, dja b^ nSro Gia Long
4, TTLTQGIHN, KH: Q8392.
21. My Trang xa, dja b^ nflm Gia Long 4,
TTLTQGIHN, KH- Q8385,