HỌC GIẢ HOÀNG XUÂN HÃN NGƯỜI XÂY NỀN MÓNG CHO LỊCH HỌC VIỆT NAM

HOC GIA HOA]\G XUA]^ HAN - NGlTdl XAY
1\E]\ MONG CHO LICH HOC VIET NAM

L £ THANH LAN'

N

am 1996, Giao sU Hoang Xuan Han
ma't, Nha nude da truy tang eho
Giao sU Huan chUdng Ddc lap hang Hai.
Sau dd, vao nam 2000, Nha niide lai truy
tang Giai thudng Ho Chi Minh vdi 3 tae
pham: La Sdn Phu Ti, Ly Thiidng Kiet va
Lich vd lich Viit Nam. Dd la 3 tac pham Sii
hpc tieu bieu cua Giao su Hoang Xuan Han.
Cac tae pham Ly Thiidng Kiet va La San
Phu TH la nhiing cud'n sii xae thiic, sau sic,
ma tii lau da la mdt khudn mau vd~ mdt
phiiPng phap hien dai de nghien cilu sii hpc
d Viet Nam. Cud'n Lich vd lich Viit Nam (1)
in nam 1982 da dat ndn mdng viing chic
eho mdn Lieh hpc d Viet Nam. Day la mdt
tae pham diic ket thanh qua nghien ciiu ve
lich va dae biet la lich Viet Nam trong
nhieu nam ciia Giao sii b i t dau tii nam
1944, khi vie't bai Lich vd lich ddi Li (2).
Thanh qua quan trpng nha't ciia Giao sU
Hoang Xuan Han trong viec nghien ciiu
Lich hoc la viec phat hien ra tii ra't xa xua,
lich Viet Nam da khac lich Trung Qud'c.
1. Trong cac thu tich ed, khdng thay ndi

ve mdt lich ed rieng eiia Viet Nam khae vdi
lieh Trung Qud'c. Chiing ta ciing khdng
tha'y cac nha bac hpc nhu Le Quy Ddn,
Phan Huy Chii viet ve van de nay. Song,

trong thu tich cd, qua that eiing ed ddi chd
phang phat ndi ve kha nang ed mdt lich ed
Viet Nam, nhiing dieu dd cdn ra't md hd:
ching ban trong Nam ong mgng luc. Ho
Nguyen Triing cd n h i c de'n Bach thi' thdng
ky eua Trin Nguyen Dan; hay Dgi Nam
thiic luc ghi lai Idi tau ciia sii t h i n Nguyin
Hiiu Than Idn vua Gia Long sau chuyen di
sii ve vao nam 1810, r i n g ma'y tram nam
qua lich ta theo mdt phdp cii, trong khi
Trung Qude theo mpt phep mdi... That ra,
chi gan day, sau khi da tim tha'y lich cd
Viet Nam, chiing ta mdi hieu ro y nghia cua
nhiing doan van dd. Tuy vay, tii lau nhieu
ngUdi dpe Dgi Viet sH ky todn thii tha'y
trong dd nhiing thang nhuan khdng cd
trong lieh Trung Qud'c; da phan van, tii hdi:
hoac la sii gia ta ehep sai, hoac la lieh Viet
Nam khac lich Trung Qud'c? Hp khdng tin
Dai Viit sii ky todn thii ehep sai, nhUng
Cling khdng tim dUdc bang ehiing ve" sii tdn
tai cua mdt lich ed Vidt Nam.
Cho de'n g i n day, ra't nhieu ngUdi vin
tin ring, khdng ed mdt lich cd Viet Nam.
Mdt ly do dPn gian la cd nhid'u ngudi da bd

edng siie ra soan cac cudn lieh dd'i chieu lieh
Duong vdi lich Am-DUdng d the ky trUdc
deu chi diing lich Trung Qud'c. NhQng

' PGS-TS. Vien Cong nghe Thong tin - Vjgn Han lam KH&CN Viet Nam


jjoc gii Ijoang Xu^n lian„.
ngudi khac tii nghT r i n g minh khdng cd
chuyen mdn ve Lich hpc, danh chiu. Ngay
ea khi dUde tiep xiic vdi cae cud'n lich cd
nam d thii vien, hp ciing khdng ngd dd la
lieh Viet Nam, hoan toan khac lich Trung
Qud'c, nen khdng khao ciiu ky. Cd hai nhdm
nghidn ciiu da bi bd Id ed hdi: Nhdm tae gia
bien soan Lich the ky XX vao nSm 1967 da
tiing tidp xiic vdi cudn Hodng trieu Minh
menh van nien thii ma khdng biet dd la cud'n
hch Viet Nam. Nhdm tae gia bien soan cud'n
Bdng dot chieu Am Diidng lich 2000 ndm vd
nien bieu lich sii vao nam 1976 cd nhic den
cudn Bach triing kinh (BTIQ (3) nhung ciing
khdng khao ciiu ky de tim ra lich cd Viet
Nam. Cung cd the ed ngiidi da tidn hanh
khao ciiu, nhung khdng du kidn nhin va
kinh nghidm nen khdng di dd'n ket qua eudi
ciing. Vet tich ve viec khao ciiu nay cdn liiu
lai trong cud'n Khdm dinh vg,n nien thii
(VNT) (4) vdi cac da'u khuyen dd 5 ta't ea cac
thang nhuan cua 360 nam lich. Gid day ddc

gia ed the xem dupe toan van hai cud'n Uch
ed BTK (ban m) va VNT (ban in) qua i n anh
trong cud'n Ndm trdm nam lich Viet Nam
(1544-2043) (5) xua't ban nam 2010.
Them vao dd chung ta thiy, cac nUdc
trong khu viic, hoac la diing lich An Dp,
hoac la diing lieh Trung Qud'c; ndn it ngUdi
nghi rang xa xUa Viet Nam da tiing cd mdt
lich rieng.
Nam 1884, Hidp lide Giap Than
(Patendtre) diidc kj', nUde Viet Nam bi chia
lam ba xii, theo ba che' dp cai tri khac nhau;
Bic ky (Tonkin), Trung Ky (Annam) va
Nam K$ (Cochinehine) n i m trong Ddng
DUdng thudc Phap. Do nhu ciu quan ly
hanh chinh, ngudi Phap d Bic Ky da soan
nhiing cud'n lich doi chieu lich DUdng vdi
lieh Am-DUdng bing chii Phap va che Qud'c
ngfl. Cd le dau tidn la Deloustal, R. soan
cud'n Calendrier annamite - fran^ais
de
1802 a 1916 (Viet • Phap hdp lich) in nam

23
1908. Cud'n nay dupe tai ban ed bd sung vao
cae nam 1915, 1922 va 1935. Rdi de'n
Cordier, G. va Le Diic Hoat soan cudn
Concordance des calendriers lunaire et
solaire de 1802 a 2010 (Doi chieu lieh Am
va lich Dudng tii 1802 dd'n 2010). Cd le

nhflng cudn lieh nay thdng dung d Bic Ky
va ca d Nam Ky niia. Ca ba tac gia deu cd
quan niem sai lam r i n g xiia nay Viet Nam
chi diing lich Trung Qud'c, hp khdng biet
r i n g ngay thud dd d Trung Ky, Kham
Thien Giam eua nha Nguyen v i n tii soan
la'y mdt lich Am-Diidng rieng cho Viet Nam
va b i n g nam nha vua van ban phat lich dd;
nha't la hp khdng biet lich nha Nguyen cac
nam tii 1802 de'n 1812 hoan toan khac lich
nha Thanh va hp la'y lieh nha Thanh in vao
trong sach cua hp. Do chii Qud'c ngii d i n
d i n thay the' ehii Nho va cae cud'n lich tren
lai ra't phd dung, khien eho sU ngd nhan
nay trd thanh thien kie'n sai l i m ching
nhiing dd'i vdi ngUdi ngoai qud'c ma ca dd'i
vdi ngudi Viet Nam.
2. Nam 1944, hpe gia Hoang Xuan Han
doc dUde mdt bdn ehep tay cud'n Bach trung
kinh ghi lich tii nSm 1624 de'n nam 1799
(tdi tin r i n g ngay a'y dng cd cho ehep lai
cud'n lieh nay de diing). Lich trong cud'n
Bach trung kinh nay khac b i n lich Trung
Qude. Nhd khao ciiu cud'n lieh nay, dng vidt
bai Lich vd lich ddi Le dang tren Tap chi
Khoa hgc va tren Thanh Nghi (6). Tdi tin
r i n g hai bai nay la mdt. Trong bai nay, dng
phat bieu nhiing y kie'n dau tien cua minh
ve lich Viet Nam xUa khae lich Trung Qud'c,
eu the la lich nha Le khac lich nha Thanh.

Cae tac pham ve" lich eua dng gin day dUde
tuyen vao bp sach La San Yen Ho Hodng
Xudn Hdn (7).
Thud dd, tren cd sd khao sat ban ehep
tay cud'n Bdch trung kinh, va doi chieu vdi
sii sach, trong bai Lich ud lich ddi Le, dng
da riit ra ma'y nhan dinh quan trpng:


R g h i ^ eijru JJch sit. s6 l O j P l l
"2a. "Lich ta va lich Tau cd khoang khae
nhau. Khoang dai nha't la tii nam Thanh
Thuan Tri nguyen nien [tiic Le Phuc Thai
nam thii 2] (1644) de'n nam Gia Long thii
12 (1813); trong khoang 171 nam iy, hai
lieh khae nhau lim".
2b. "Trong khoang ddi Tay Sdn lich dung
la mdt thii lich gdn gidng (chiing tdi nha'n
manh - LTL) lich nha Thanh".
2e. "Trong mdt nUdc ta cd liie diing de'n
hai thii lich, nhU ddi Nguyin Tay Sdn d Bic
va Trung va chiia Nguydn Phiic Anh d
Ddng Nai" (8).
Dd la nhiing nh^n dinh chinh xae.
Nhung, diidng nhU bai bao dd chUa gay
diidc sU chii f thich dang trong gidi nghien
ciiu. Phai chang, do d dd ehi diia vao mdt
ban lieh ehep tay chUa tiing tha'y mdt sach
sii nao nhic den, va lai liic dd dng cUng
ehUa cdng bd toan bd lieh thdi Le ma dng

khao sat dUdc. Thdm niia, khi a'y thdi cudc
diy bien ddng: Cach mang thang Tam
1945, toan qud'c khang chie'n; sach vd that
lae; sau dd khdng lau dng lai sang Phap.
Lau din it ngudi de y den phat hidn nay
cua dng.
3. Chic hpc gia Hoang Xuan Han eung
tha'y cud'n Bdch trung kinh ehep tay ehUa
du siic thuyet phue, chUa du tin eay, nen
vin kien tri theo duoi cdng viee nay, nhUng
theo mdt hUdng khac.
Ong da tien hanh khao ciiu lich s^ lich
Trung Qud'c va nhan ra lich thdi Minh diing
phep Dai Thdng, lich thdi Thanh diing phep
Thdi Hien, dng dii doan rang d nude ta thdi
Ld vin diing phep Dai Thd'ng nen diing
may tinh phue diing lich nay. Ket qua tinh
toan eho tha'y, lieh Dai Thd'ng phue diing
hoan toan gid'ng nhU lich trong Bdch trung
kinh, lai trung vdi s^ lieu, v^y la dii doan
tren cua dng la dung.

4. Nam 1982. Giao sii Hoang XuSn Han
tdng kd't thanh qua nghien ciiu trong 38
nSm cua minh trong tac phim Lich vd lich
Viet Nam (9) in tai Paris. Tac phim nay
cung diide in lai trong tap I bd sach La Sdn:
Yen ho Hodng Xudn Hdn (10).
Ndi chung, ed the coi tac pham nay nhii
mdt cud'n sach ehuyen khao va giao khoa ve

Lich hpc va nhiing va'n dd" hdn quan, tuy chi
cd hdn 100 trang, nhUng ndi dung rat
phong phii. Song, ciing phai thtfa nhan
ring: day la mpt cud'n sach ra't khd dpc,
nha't la ddi vdi cae nha khoa hpe xa hdi. Bdi
vi Lich hpc vd'n la mdt khoa hpe Hdn/da
nganh; dpc nd can cd ca kie'n thijc khoa hoc
tii nhien va khoa hpc xa hpi; vi ndi dung
sach ra't rdng ma cd dpng, ed tri thiic nhieu
tang, nhieu Idp, n i m dUdc mue trUde mdi
dpc dUde muc sau, tii ngii chuyen mdn hd
CO va nha't la d nude ta ra't thieu kidn thiic
v^ Thien van hpe, bdi hang ehuc nam qua,
trong chuong trinh pho thdng cua ta khdngj
ed mdn hpe nay.
Trong sach, Giao sU da trinh bay ngia
gpn ve" cic ddn vi thdi gian lich nhU nam,
thang, ngay, gid; cae loai lich ed ban dUdc
diing trong eac ndn van hoa khae nhau nhit
lich Diidng, lich Am • DUdng phUdng Tay,
lich Am - DUdng A Ddng, lieh Viet Nam.
5. Trong cud'n Lich vd Lich Viit Nam,
khi trinh bay ve lich Am - DUdng A Ddng,
dng da neu ro lich st£ lich Trung Qudc, qua
do ta tha'y ngUdi Trung Qud'c dd tam ddn
viec nghien eiiu va eai each lieh nhieu nha't,
lieh Trung Qud'c phiic tap nha't. Chiing tdi
mud'n nha'n manh ma'y nhan dinh sau ciia
Hoang Xuan Han:
"5a. "TH Hoang Dd' dd'n Tin, ddi lich 6

lan. Han ddi 4 Ian. Tii Nguy de'n Tu^, ddi
15 lin. Tuf DUdng de'n Ngu Dai, doi 15 lan.
Tii Kim d^n Nguyen ddi 5 lin".


tjoc g i i ^oang Xuan ^an...
5b. "Phdp lich Thu Thdi, dUde ban hanh
nam 1281... Khdng nhiing trong 97 nam ddi
Nguydn khdng ddi phdp lich, ma trieu Minh
iJlp tii nam 1368 cung ndi theo, chi ddi ten
ra lieh Dai Thd'ng ... Phep lich eua Quach
Thu Kinh (Thu Thdi - Dai Thd'ng) da dupe
dung sudt trong 363 nam ma khdng dieu
ehinh...". Nhu vay la Phep Dai Thd'ng diidc
diing din ndm 1643, tiie la hdt trie'u Minh.
5c. "Nam 1644, d Trung Qude, trieu
Thanh thay trid'u Minh, lidn dung phdp lich
mdi cua ngiidi giao si Tay phUdng da de
nghi tii ddi Minh". "La'y NhUdc Vpng (Adam
Schall von Bell - giao si ngiidi Diic) eoi viee
lich, lap lich mdi gpi Lieh Thdi Hie'n". "Phep
a'y dupe dung sud't ddi Thanh"" (11).
Lieh nay diing phep tinh lUdng giac eau
va cac sd lidu quan sat ciia thien van hpc
phUdng Tay, nen chinh xae hdn.
6. Hoang Xuan Han cdn trinh bay tUdng
doi day du vd" phep Dai Thd'ng. Dd la ed sd
cho viec phuc tinh lich nay nhu da neu d
muc 3.
7. Trong cud'n Lich ud Lich Viit Nam,

khi viet ve lich Viet Nam, Hoang Xuan Han
da tim trong sii lieu Viet Nam cac thang
nhuan (va mdt vai ngay sde tha'y khac lieh
Trung Qudc) dem ddi chieu vdi cac thang
nhuan trong lieh Trung Qud'c, lap thanh
bang thang nhuan va riit ra nhan dinh:
"7a. 'Tii ddi Dinh ddn he't ddi Ly Thai
Tdng, cae vua Viet dung lich hang nam vua
Td'ngca'p cho".
7b. "Vdi eac sii t h i n qua Tdng, Mai
Nguyen Thanh (1057), Kig"u Van Tii, Mai
Canh Tien, Ly Ke Tien (1062), Quach Si
An, Dao Siing Nguyen (1069), ed the ed
phiidng tien hoc phdp lich cua Tdng". Ta
tha'y nam 1080 la l i n d i u tien ta ed thang
nhuan khae lich Trung Qud'c. Nam 1300 la
nam eudi ciing lich ta cd nhuan khac lich
Trung Qudc. Trong khoang 1080-1300, cudi

25
Ly, d i u Tran, lich 2 niidc khae ban nhau.
"Duyen cd ed sii khac nhau la bdi d trieu Ly
da cd ty tinh lich theo mdt phep tuy eua
Td'ng nhung Td'ng da bd. Hoac lich gia trid"u
Ly khdng biet sii a'y, hoac cd bid't nhiing
khdng dii tin tiic de dd'i theo".
7e. "Ne'u mud'n hoc phep lieh Thu Thdi,
eiing phai tim each hpc trdm". Nam 1301,
sii than "Dang Nhii Lam ve trdm ban do
cung Uyen, mua da'u ban do, sdch cdm".

'Tdi nghi r i n g ehinh trong dip nay, ngUdi
niidc ta hpc dupe phep lieh Thu Thdi ...
Bang thang nhuan tren cho hay r i n g 4
nam sau (1306), nam Binh Ngp cd thang
Gieng nhuan ca trong 2 lich Tran va
Nguyen. Cho den cuoi ddi Minh (1643),
Cling khdng tha'y da'u hieu gi td sii hai lieh
Viet va Trung khac nhau niia".
7d. "Ddi Thanh bd phep lich Dai Thd'ng.
Ly luan ddn gian nha't la Vidt lieh tie'p tue
theo phep eu trong khi Thanh Hch theo phep
mdi, eho nen eo sii so le giiia nhiing thang
nhuan. Phep cu la phep Dai Thd'ng. Vay ne'u
ta tim lai diide phdp Dai Thdng ... thi ta ed
the tai lap lai toan lich ddi Le" (12).
'Trii Tay Sdn, chic chin nude ta khdng
theo lieh Thanh trUdc nam 1813". "Bach
trung kinh dich thiie ehep sdc va nhuan
lieh Viet, va lich Viet trong thdi ky nay
(1644-1812) dieh thiic theo phep Dai
Thd'ng" (13), vay, khac b i n lieh nha Thanh.
Nhii vay, theo dng, nha Le trung hiing,
chua Nguyin d xii Ddng trong, ddu thdi
Nguyen deu dung phep lich Dgi Thong vd
khdc lich Thanh.
7d. Nam 1810, Nguydn HCu Than di sU
sang Thanh, mang bd sach Lich tiidng khao
thanh day phep lam lich ve, tau vdi vua
ring: "Vang lenh trdi ma trao thdi tie't eho
dan la viee lam dau khi diing nude. Lieh

Van Toan niide ta... dung phep lich Dai
Thd'ng, hdn 300 nam ehua he sita ddi. Gang


2&
lau lich cang sai. Khoang ddi Khang Hi,
mdi tham khao phep lieh Tay Dudng ma
bien thanh sach nay, ve" phan do dae tinh
toan, thi sach nay tinh tudng, so vdi phep
lich Dai Thdng, mat xac hdn. Va lai cd dung
cae phep Tam tuye'n bat giac (Liidng giac trigonometrie) ra't la dieu. Xin giao sach
nay eho Kham thidn giam giam lenh va
thien van sinh de khao hoc phep nay. NhU
vay thi dp trdi mdi diing, tiet hau mdi
chinh" (14). 6 n g viet: 'Tii 1813, lieh tridu
Nguyin (lich Hiep Ky) theo phep lich Thdi
Hien (eua nha Thanh) " (15), nen ra't gid'ng
lich nha Thanh.
7e. "Hp Nguyen, tii ddi lam chiia Dang
Trong cho den ddi lam vua Viet Nam thd'ng
nha't, da theo lich nha Le va vin giQ nien
hidu nha Ld. Nhung trong thiic td', sau khi
Nguyin Phiic Nguyen tuyet giao vdi Trinh
Trang (1627), chic chin chiia Dang trong
phai tii dat ngudi soan lieh" (16). Dieu
phdng doan eua Hoang Xuan Han la diing,
bdi khi khao ciiu Kham dinh van nidn thu,
tdi tha'y sach nay in 171 nam lich eua ehiia
Nguyen d xii Dang trong tU 1631 den 1801.
7g. "Ve phdp lieh ddi Tay Sdn (17891801), tdi khdng cd nhiing tU lieu ddi a'y

mang tinh lich de quyet doan a'y la phep,
Dai Thd'ng hay phep Thu Thdi. NhUng theo
Bdch triing kinh, thi hinh nhii (chiing tdi
nha'n manh - LTL) tii trieu Quang Trung,
Bac trieu T&y Sdn theo lich nhd Thanh""
(17). Nhan dinh nay khdng b i n la ldi khing
dinh, Hoang Xuan Han than trpng diing til
"hinh nhii' va nhU vay la cd khac vdi nhan
dinh 2b eua dng vao nam 1944, liic dd
Hoang Xuan Han cho la hai lich gdn gid'ng
nhau. 0 diidi, tdi se binh luan chuyen nay.
8. Theo cac nhan dinh tren, Giao sU
Hoang Xuan Han da cho in cac lich trong
cud'n Lich vd lich Viet Nam, gdm:

Rghien cthi Lich sir, so l O g g l J
8a. Lich Le (Kham Thu), tii 1644 de'n
1788 (Lich phuc tinh).
8b. Lieh Tay Sdn (Thdi Hidn), tii 1789
den 1802, theo lieh Trung Qude.
8e. Lich Van Tuyen (chiia va vua
Nguyin), tit 1780 ddn 1812 (Lieh phuc
tinh).
8d. Lieh Hiep Ky (nha Nguyin va tiep
theo), tif 1813 ddn 1999, theo lich Trung
Qudc (18).
Nhii v^y la, Hoang Xuan Han khdng
cdng bd p h i n lieh Dai Thd'ng do dng tinh tii
nam 1428 den nam 1643.
9. Trong cud'n Lich vd Lich Viet Nam,

Hoang Xuan Han edn phe binh cudn Bdng
dd'i chieu Am Diidng lich 2000 ndm vd nien
bieu lich sii! (19) ciia Nguydn Trpng Binh,
Nguyin Linh va Biii Viet Nghi, gdm 6 y- sau:
"9a. "Dd chi la bang lich Trung Qud'c".
9b. "Cac tac gia khdng cho biet hoac
phep tinh hoac ngudn gdc cOia nhiing sd
kidn". "Cac tac gia ... vd'n biet tU lieu Bach
triing kinh". 'Tdi hdi r i n g ban Bach triing
kinh ma eac tae gia mach, nd khae ban tdi
da diing chSng?".
9e. "Cae tac gia khdng biet ... cac thang
nhuan (trong stt Viet) khdng tha'y trong lich
Trung Qud'c. The ma hinh nhU cac tac gia
khdng biet sii a'y (lich Viet, trong Bach
triing kinh khac lich Trung Qud'c)".
9d. "Cae tae gia trinh thdm bang Am lich
Viet Nam tinh theo miii gid 7... i t phai tinh
lai hoan toan ... Cd lam nhU vay khdng?".
9d. Ve hinh thiic "sd' kien ... de tinh so
Can Chi cua ngay, thi, vdi sd' kien ddc nha't
d dau nam, nen phai tinh kha ldi thdi".
9e. "Cac tae gia danh rieng mdt d thudng
xuydn diing 5 tin hidu ... Nhung quan niem
ddi vdi hai sd' ST va gh khdng ddn gian, ro
rang, cho ndn khdng trd phep Igip a'y mdt
each nhat dinh. Ket qua la d^t nhieu ca


Ijoe gi^ ^ a n g Xuan Ijan..

ngoai le khd giai thieh, va each dung trd nen
phiic tap, te toai, nen khd hieu va khd nhd,
trai vdi muc dich eua nhflng loai bang nay.
Tdi e r i n g nhGng dpc gia khdng quen vdi ldi
phSn tich toan hpe, de'n nan ehi va khdng ldi
dung het kha nang eua bang nay" (20).
10. Tdi xin binh luan ngay ve 4 y d i u (9a
den 9d) eua Hoang Xuan Han. TrUdc tien
phai ndi ring, nhiing y kie'n cua Hoang
Xuan Han la ra't sau sic. Chiing ta ed the
tha'y: Tae gia dich thiic ciia sach Bdng dot
chieu Am Diidng lich 2000 ndm vd niin
bieu lich sit ehi la dng Nguyen Trpng Binh.
Ong khdng biet de'n cudn Bdch triing kinh,
nen khdng liet ke chiing vao muc Tdi lieu
dan b cuoi sach; bdi the ta't nhien lieh dUde
soan "chi la bang lieh Trung Qud'c" nhu
nhan dinh 9a cua Hoang Xuan Han. Nhu
vay, tra ldi cau hdi d 9b la: "ngudn gd'c
nhiing sd' kien" thiic sii la'y tii cac cud'n lich
cua Trung Qud'c, chang lien quan gi de'n cac
cud'n Bdch trung kinh. Ong Nguyen Trpng
Binh khdng phai sii gia nen khdng biet cd
nhiing thang nhuan trong cac cud'n co sti
Viet khdng cd trong lieh Trung Qud'c diing
nhu nhan dinh 9e eiia Hoang Xuan Han.
Khi sach b i t d i u diide in, dng Nguyin
Trpng Binh da ma't, dng Nguyen Linh viet
LM noi ddu tuy cd nhac de'n cud'n Bdch
trung kinh, nhiing that ra dng Nguyen

Linh khdng khao eiiu ky nen khdng biet
lich Viet Nam khac lich Trung Qud'c d
nhiing chd nao va ne'u cd biet thi eiing
khdng biet lam the' nao de the hien vao
trong ndi dung cud'n lich nay. Cdn dng
Hoang Xuan Han cd eau hdi 9d la do dng
Nguyen Trpng Binh khdng gidi thieu ro cac
so' lieu ciia lieh eCta 35 nam eudi the' ky 20
la'y tif Lich thi'ky XX (21) ma Hoang Xuan
Han khdng ed trong tay nen khdng biet, d
niidc ta, Nha Khi tiidng da soan cudn nay
theo mui gid 7.

Ldi phe binh eua Hoang Xuan Han d
diem 9d va 9e la diing, ehinh dieu nay da
"mach bao" tdi, hay soan mdt cud'n Lich
Viet Nam, theo mdt hinh thiie mdi de khic
phuc 2 nhiipc diem nay, cdn npi dung phan
hch Viet Nam xUa thi dung lich do Hoang
Xuan Han phue tinh.
11. Nam 1985, tdi dupe dpe bdn in cud'n
Bdch triing kinh (BTK), cd lich Le tii nam
1624 de'n nam 1785. Ve thdi lUdng, ban in
nay it hdn ban ehep tay ma Hoang Xuan
Han diide dpc 14 nam.
Nam 1994, tdi lai dupe dpe bdn in cud'n
Khdm dinh vgn nien thit (VNT) ed lich Le
trung hiing tii nam 1544 de'n nam 1630,
lich chiia Nguyen d xii Dang trong tii nam
1631 de'n nam 1801 va lich nha Nguyen tii

nam 1802 den 1903, gdm 360 nam. Cud'n
VNT qiiy hdn cud'n BTK, bdi lich trong VNT
sdm hdn trong BTK 80 nam va keo dai ve
sau them 118 nam; dac biet d khoang giiia,
tir nam 1631 de'n 1801, lieh trong 2 cud'n
nay khdng triing nhau, bdi d doan dd cud'n
VNT chuyen sang ghi lich xii Dang trong.
Hai tit lieu tren Id nhiing bang chiing
khong the bdc bo diidc ve sU ton tgi ciia lich
CO Viet Nam, khdc hdn lich Trung Qudc.
Nam 1987, tdi bat d i u khao cifu ban
chip tay cud'n Lich dgi niin ky bdch trdng
kinh (LDNK) (22), gdm lich 144 nam- tii
1740 de'n 1883, mdt giai doan day nhiing
bie'n ddng trong lich sii niidc ta. Sach ehep
lich Le trung hiing tic nam 1740 de'n nam
1788, lich Tay Sdn tit nam 1789 de'n nam
1801, lich theo phep Dai Thd'ng tii nam
1802 de'n nam 1812, lich nha Nguyin tii
nam 1813 den nam 1883. Vi ehep lich
nhiing thdi dai da qua, nen la lich da dupe
dung 6 diidng thdi. vay ra't quy. Hiem mdt
ndi, sach bi ehep au, sai sdt nhieu, nhUng
da phan la sai sdt ngiu nhien, cd the siia
dupe. Cud'n lich ehep tay nay cd khoang 80


Rghien ciJru Ljeh sir. s6 lO-gglJ
ldi, tdi da van dung dinh tinh ly thuyet ma
sifa sai dd hieu dinh dupe gin hdt cae ldi,

ngoai trir 2 ldi sai mdt each he thd'ng do
ehep n h i m tit lich cua nam khac. Sau khi
hieu dinh cudn LDNK, tdi thdy phdn lich
cua nhiing ndm con cd trong hai cudn lich
diiac in kia deu triing vdi cud'n LDNK. Dieu
dd ehiing td viee hieu dinh dang tin cay.
Cdi quy cda cud'n LDNK chinh Id dogn lich
Tdy Sdn, vi de'n nay ta biet ditdc chi con
sdch ndy ehep lich dd. Ngoai ra nd cdn cho
ta bie't chinh xac lich ba nam (Binh Thin 1856, Binh Din - 1866, Ky Ti - 1869) d thdi
Tu Diic ma lich d cud'n Khdm dinh van niin
thii chi la lieh dii soan, khdng dUde diing d
dUdng thdi, nen phai theo lich d cud'n Lich
dgi niin ky bdch triing kinh nay mdi dUng.
Tdi dang chuan bi de cd the edng bd' toan
van va kdt qua khao citu cud'n Lich dgi nien
ky bdch trdng kinh nay trong mdt dip gin
day. Cd mdt dac didm la cac cud'n Bdch
trung kinh (nhu cud'n lich ehep tay ma
Hoang Xuan Han da dpe, eiing nhU ban in
BTK va ban ehep tay LDNK ma tdi dpc) chi
tap hdp lich cac nam da qua, nen lich trong
dd la lieh dUpc diang d diidng thdi; trong khi
dd cae cud'n Vgn niin thii (hoac Vgn nien
lich) nhu cudn VNT (ma tdi dUdc dpc va
cud'n Hodng trieu Minh Minh ugn niin thii
ma Td lieh cua Nha Khi tupng ditde dpc
tnidc nam 1968) thudng cd 2 phin; phan
trudc nam soan va in la lich diidc dung d
dUdng thdi; p h i n sau la lich dii soan, vd

nguyen tie, Jich mdi nam trUdc khi ban bd
mdt nam cdn dUdc kiem tra lai va cd the ed
sita chiia nen chua chic da la lieh dUde
dung d ditdng thdi.
12. Vay nen dUdi day tdi xin trinh bay
cac ket qua nghien cilu cua minh nhu mdt
bing chitng khing dinh nhiing luan doan
khoa hpc cua Giao sU Hoang Xuan Han ma
tdi da din lai d didm 2 va 7 va bd sung
thdm eho dUpc hoan chinh.

a) Giai dogn 1080-1300: Nhd bang thang
nhuan lap ra tit cd sii, Hoang Xuan Han
nhan dinh khoang thdi gian nay, dUdi thdi
Ly va thdi T r i n lich 2 niidc khac b i n nhau.
Liic diu, lich khac nhau la do sit t h i n cua
ta da hpc dUdc phep lam lich cu cua Tdng,
theo dd ta soan la'y lich rieng; nhUng khi dd
Tdng da dd'i phdp lich, diing phep mdi. Dieu
nay cd ly, nhung de'n nay ta chUa tim thSfy
lich Viet Nam va eiing chiia phuc tinh dUde
lich ciia giai doan nay; nhung ed thd theo
each lam eua dng ma phuc tinh. Cudi cung,
lich ta soan lai gid'ng lieh Td'ng bdi nam
1301, sir t h i n Dang Nhii Lam sang Td'ng
la'y diide phdp lich mdi. Sau nay con dng la
Dang Ld trd thanh lieh quan d i u tien dUdc
ghi ten trong sxi sach.
b) Giai dogn 1301-1643: Theo nhan dinh
5b, thi giai doan nay 2 niidc deu theo phep

lich Dai Thd'ng, ma bang thang nhu^n
Hoang Xuan Han lap khdng tha'y mdt
thang nhuan nao khae nhau, nen dng cho
r i n g giai doan nay hai lich gid'ng nhau. Tuy
vay, theo ket qua khao citu ciia tdi tit cud'n
Khdm dinh ugn nien thii, thi tii 1544 den
1643 lieh 2 nUde v i n khac nhau chiit it, tuy
eung phep lich, bdi phep x i p xi bac ba r i t
nhay, thdng sd hdi khac nhau mot chiit, kdt
qua tinh ra se cd sii khae nhau chiit it.
Tham ehi nam Tan Dau (1621) lieh 2 nUdc
edn khae nhau thang nhuan, dd la mdt sii
khac nhau Idn; lich ta nhuan thang Ba, lich
Trung Qud'c nhuan thang Hai (23). NhU
vay ta ed thd phan doan ring, sud't ea giai
doan nay ta v i n soan la'y mdt lich ridng;
tuy lich 2 nude cung theo phep Dai Thdng
nhUng v i n khae nhau, tuy khdng nhieu; chi
tide la den nay chiing ta chUa tim tha'y lich
Viet Nam eho giai doan nay.
c) Giai dogn 1644-1788: Ngay tit nam
1944, Giao su Hoang Xuan Han da cho
r i n g giai doan nay lich 2 niidc khac nhau
nhu d nhan dinh 2a. Nam 1982 c6 them


^9C giA Ijoang Xuan Ijan...
nhan dinh 5b vd sii thay ddi lich phap d
Trung Qud'c, va tha'y lich trong ban ehep
tay cud'n Bdch triing kinh trung vdi bang

thang nhuan, triing vdi lieh phuc tinh theo
phep Dai Thdng, dng di de'n kdt luan: nhd
Thanh diing phep lich Thdi Hie'n, nhd Le
ddng phep lich Dgi Thong, lich cua 2 niidc
khdc hdn nhau, nhu d nhan dinh 7d. Hoang
Xuan Han da cdng bd lich phuc tinh nay
trong Lich vd lich Viet Nam. Cae nha khoa
hpc xa hdi trong va ngoai nUde deu tin va
d^ng lich Dai Thdng do dng phuc tinh. Tuy
vay, Giao sii Nguyin Xien ehua thGa nhan
dieu nay. Cudi cung, toi tim tha'y lich nay
trong ca ba cud'n lich co: Bdch trung kinh
(ban in), Khdm dinh ugn niin thii (ban in)
va Lich dgi niin ky bach trung kinh (ban
ehep tay). Didu nay da k h i n g dinh sii diing
dan CLia cae luan doan va phUdng phap
nghien ciiu cua Hoang Xuan Han.
d) Giai dogn 1789-1801: Nam 1944, theo
cudn Bdch trung kinh ehep tay, dng cd
nhan dinh 2b: "Trong khodng ddi Nguyen
Tdy Sdn lich ddng la mdt thd lich gdn
giong lich nhd Thanh". Nhitng rdi dng
khdng tim dupe SLf lieu ve sii khae nhau
gifla lich Tay Sdn va lich Thanh, Hoang
Xuan Han eung khdng tim ra bing chitng
r i n g lieh Tay Sdn theo phep lich nao. Trong
khi ca hai didu tren dng da lam dupe ddi vdi
lieh Le trung hiing, nhii da neu d nhan
dinh 12c. Vdi mdt thai dp than trpng, nam
1982, dng da thay doi y kie'n mdt chiit cho

rang lich Tay Sdn la lich Thanh nhiing dng
than trpng dung ehii "hinh nhii" vdi nhan
dinh 7g: "Hinh nhii tii trieu Quang Trung
Bac trieu Tdy Sdn theo lich nhd Thanh".
Nhiing, theo ket qua khao ciiu ciia tdi tit
cudn Lich dai nien ky bdch trung kinh thi
tha'y, qua that lieh Tay Sdn "gdn giong lich
nhd Thanh" nhu nhan dinh 2b sau khi
Hoang Xuan Han dpc ban ehep tay cud'n
Bdch trdng kinh vao nam 1944. NhU vay,

ca hai cud'n lich ehep tay (cud'n Bdch triing
kinh ma Hoang Xuan Han dpc nam 1944 va
cudn Lich dgi niin ky bdch trung kinh deu
eho thay: lich Tdy Scfn co khdc lich Thanh
mgt it (co 3 ngdy sdc khdc nhau), vd khdc
hdn lich chda Nguyin (ve 3 thdng nhudn).
Tdi da trinh bay dieu tran trd nay eua
Hoang Xuan Han trong Hdi nghi khao cd
hpc nam 2002 (24).
e) Giai dogn 1802-1812: Tuy Bdch trung
kinh ehep tay khdng cd lich nhiing nam
nay, nhung vdi sii lieu d bang thang nhuan
ma Hoang Xuan Han lap; sau khi phuc tinh
lich Dai Thd'ng, tha'y lieh nay triing vdi sii
lieu; Hoang Xuan Han da cho r i n g lieh Dai
Thd'ng diidc dung cho de'n nam 1812 nhU
nhan dinh 7d, dng cdng bd' lich Dai Thd'ng
phuc tinh trong cud'n Lich vd lich Viet
Nam.

Giai doan nay cd 2 lieh khac nhau trong
2 cud'n lieh ed. Mgt la: Ban ehep tay Lich
dai niin ky bdch trung kinh eho mdt lich
trung vdi lich Dai Thd'ng phuc tinh ciia
Hoang Xuan Han. Cd bing chiing r i n g
Phan Thiie Triic da dung lieh nay de viet
Qudc svt di biin (25). Hai Id: Trong khi dd
ban in Khdm dinh vgn niin thii cho mpt
lich khac ma Bgi Nam thiic luc (26) dung.
Hai lich nay khae nhau d 3 ngay sde, day
chi la khae nhau nhd. Tat nhien lich trong
VNT la lich chinh thite dupe dung d dUdng
thdi vi nd ed tinh lich sii va phap dinh, dxtdc
Kham thien giam soan va khic in. dupe
Qudc sd quan diing. Lieh trong LDNK cd
tinh khoa hpc cao hdn, bdi nd dupe kiem
chiing nhd viec tinh toan ciia Hoang Xuan
Han bing may tinh hien dai. Ra't cd the lich
nay do Tu thien giam nha Le soan s i n cho
eac nam ve sau, khi nha Le da eao chung,
nd khdng cdn tinh phap dinh niia, nhUng
v i n edn nhiing ban diide lUu giii d ngoai
Bie thanh va do khdng biet rd dieu dd nen
Phan Thiic Triic da dung nham.


30
f) Lich chua Nguyen Ddng Trong: Ngay
tii nam 1944, qua sOt lidu, Hoang Xuan Han
da eho r i n g thdi Tay Sdn, ehiia Nguyin cd

mdt lieh rieng, nhii nhan dinh 2e. Sau khi
phue tinh lich Dai Thong vao nam 1982,
tha'y triing vdi bang thang nhuan, Hoang
Xuan Han da cdng bd' lich chiia Nguyin tif
nam 1780 de'n nam 1801 trong Lich ud lich
Viit Nam.
Theo ket qua khao citu cud'n Khdm dinh
vgn nien thit, thi ehiia Nguyin ed lich ridng
tir nam 1631 de'n nam 1801, ludn khae lieh
Trung Qud'c, liic dau khac lich Le trung
hung nhieu, ve sau sii khac nhau giam dan,
nhung khae h i n lich Tay Sdn. Lieh khoang
1780-1801 trong sach nay triing vdi lich
hoang Xuan Han phue tinh.
13. Mpt vai khao citu khac cd lien quan
de'n lich.
a) Hoang Xuan Han lam mpt loat cac
bang va bieu dd de ddi nam Cdng lich, Phat
lich va Can Chi cdng bd' tren bao Khoa hgc
xUa, sau dang tren Tap san Sd-Bia, rdi in
lai trong Lich vd lich Viet Nam. Phat huy y
tudng cua dng, tdi dung toan dong du lam
ra mdt loat lich vinh e6u cho lich Can Chi
(nam, thang, ngay, gid); Nhi thap bat tii
(nam, thang, ngay); lap 64 trung quai theo
Mai hoa dich so'vk theo Thieu Vi Hoa; tim
huyet md theo Linh quy bat phap trong
Thdi cham da cdng bd' tren cae tap chi
chuyen nganh, sau dd in mdt p h i n trong
cud'n Lich hai the'ky (1802-2010) vd cdc lich

vinh cdu (27) eiing nhii trong cud'n
Vietnamese old-time calendars. Perpetual
calendars
of
stems
and
branches.
Chronoacupuncture
(Acupuncture on the
optimal time-interual) (28) va se he thd'ng
boa lai de tie'p tue edng bd'.
b) Trong bao Khoa hgc tit nam 1942,
Hoang Xuan Han da viet bai Co Kieu bi bat,
rdi nam 1943 lai viet Cdu chuyen "Co Kieu bi
bdt" la'y tit tit cau sau trong Truyen Kieu:

Rghien ciJru Lieh sir. agjOgOl*
"Dim thu gid lot song ddo
Mgt viing trang khuydt, ba sao giiia trdi .
c) Nam 1984, nhan Tet At SL(U s i p tdi,
Tet Viet Nam de'n trudc Tdt Trung Qudc 1
thang, nhidu nha lam lich trong nUdc da
tham gia giai thich, nhUng chUa ditdc thuydt
phuc lim, vi ngudi vidt khdng tam ly (dang
ra cin giai thich vd viec khae nhau giiia 2
lieh lai bai bac lieh Am) lai dimg tit ngii
khdng chuin xac (nhii dang le nen diing tit
"trUdc" va cum tif "lich Trung Qud'c"; lai
diing tir "sdm" va cum tif "lich eii").
Hudng iEng viee tuyen truyen d trong

nUdc, Hoang Xuan Han da vie't bai Nam At
SOu cdm tinh con trdu hai ddu? (29) tren
bao Bodn Kit, lam cho ddng bao n i m dUdc
tinh khoa hpe cua lich Viet Nam n h i m bac
lai nhiing luan dieu phan tuyen truyen. Ong
tinh "ngay Tet" Am lich (ngay sdc diu tien
ciia nam At Siiu) cho 4 dia diem tren the gidi
va chi ra: d Washington vao ngay 20-1-1985;
d Hd Ngi vdo ngdy 21-1-1985; d Paris vao
ngay 19-2-1985; 6 Bac Kinh vdo ngdy 20-21985. Vay la, vdi eac miii gid khae nhau, Tet
Am lieh se rdi vao nhiing ngay khae nhau,
lech nhau hoac 1 ngay, hoac 1 thang. Hoang
Xuan Han trinh bay mdt each ddn gian va rd
rang, lai dung tii ngii ehinh xac, nen rit
thuye't phuc hdn nhieu cac bai do cac nha
lam lich trong nUde viet.
14. De kdt lai, tdi mud'n riit ra mot vai
phitdng phap nghien citu cua Giao sU
Hoang Xuan Han ma tdi linh hdi dUdc
trong qua trinh nghien ciiu lich.
Thd nhdt: Hoang Xuan Han ra't eoi trpng
eac tu lieu gd'e, co. Vao nhiing nam 40 cua
the ky XX, cai thdi ehua may ai de y den gia
tri ciia nhiing tit heu cd, nhiing van ban gd'c,
dng da siiu t i m dUde nhieu ta lieu quy trUde
khi ehiing bi buy hoai trong chidn tranh va
cae bie'n co xa hdi, khi thi mua, khi thi mUdn
ngUdi ehep, khi thi cho rap cac van bia quy.

31

Ijoc gii Ijoang Xuan ^an..
khi thi chyp lai cac sac phong... de chuin bi
eho mdt cudc nghien cifu lau dai.
Tha hai: Giam dinh van ban. Day la
edng viec quan trpng d6 bidt thi phi, ehan
gia, gia tri dich thiic cua tifng van ban. De
lam viec nay, chang han nhii ddi vdi ban
ehep tay cud'n Bdch trung kinh, vd'n ehUa
du dp tin eay; Hoang Xuan Han da lap
bang thdng ke cac thang nhuan tit sii lieu
de ddi chifng, diing may tinh phue diing lai
lich theo phep Dai Thd'ng dd so sanh. Nhd
vay khi ke't lu^n ban ehep tay Bdeh trung
kinh chinh la lich nha Le trung hung thi
that chac ehan.
Thd ba: Khao dinh van ban. Cdng viec
nay ra't da dang, phong phii. Hoang Xuan
Han thiidng van dung Ngdn ngii hpe. Hpc
theo tinh t h i n dd tdi da van dung dinh tinh
nguydn ly cua ma svfa sai phat hien va dinh
chinh dUdc eac sai sdt in i n va ehep d 3
cud'n lieh cd.
Thd tit: Phuc diing. Hoang Xuan Han da
lap luan dd each xac dinh lich Viet Nam
giai doan nha Le trung hung dung phep
lich Dai Thd'ng, dng tim thuat toan va phue

tinh lieh nay eho cae nam tif 1428 den 1812

va cdng bd' lich giai doan 1644 den 1812
mdt each chinh xac. Gid ddy, chiing ta cung
ed the theo phiidng phap nay de phuc diing
lich Viet Nam giai doan 1080 den 1300 ma
theo dng lieh ta khac han lieh Trung Qude.
Lieh cd Viet Nam la hien hiiu eua mdt sii
that lich sii. Vide tim lai nd dap ifng nhu cau
ve' tinh chinh xae eiia ban than Sii hpc. Sii
tdn tai eiia nd la net dep van hoa - lich sit ciia
dan tdc. Nd thd hien mdt tinh thin ddc lap,
tii eUdng cua dng eha ta, the hien mdt trinh
dp nhat dinh ve khoa hpc eua td tien ta.
Gid day chiing ta da tim lai dUdc lieh ed
Viet Nam tif nam 1544 trd lai day, trong dd
cd 171 nam tii 1631 de'n 1801 cd 2 lich song
hanh. Cdng dau la thupc ve Giao sU Hoang
Xuan Han. Gid day, neu nhu ed mdt chiidng
trinh lam viec nghiem tiie, dai hdi vdi sii diu
tu thich dang va di theo ca hai hiidng la phue
tinh va suu t i m cac cud'n lieh cd eua dng,
chiing ta van cdn hy vpng tim dupe lich ed
niidc ta d nhiing giai doan khac va nha't la
giai doan 220 nam tii 1080 de'n 1300 ma dng
da chi ra r i n g rat khac lich Trung Qudc.

CHU THICH
(1) Hoang Xuan Han: Lich vd lich Viet

Nam.

Phu trUdng Tap san Khoa hgc xd hpi. Paris, 1982.
(2) Hoing X u i n Han: Lich vd lich d(H Li, Tap
chi Thanh Nghi, so 52, 53, 54 n i m 1944. Day la so
die biet Tet Giap Than, t h i n g 1-1944, g6m ca 4 so

54 n i m 1944.
(9). Xem Hoang Xuan Han: Lich vd lich ddi Le,
Tap chi Thanh Nghi, so 52, 53. 54 n i m 1944.
(11), Ba nhan dinh nay trong Hoang Xuan

tit 51 den 54, tr 43-48, 57.
(3) Bdch trung kinh, ky hieu A 2873. Thu vi&n

Han: La Sdn Yen Hd Hodng Xudn Hdn, Nxb. Giao
due, Ha Noi. 1998 (cu the: 5a • tr. 907, 5b - tr. 913-

Vi^n Nghien ciiu Han Nom.
(4) Khdm dinh van nien thU, ky hieu R 2200.

914. 5c - tr. 939-940).
(12). Hoing Xuan Han; La San Yen Ho Hodng

Thu vifin Quo'c gia.
(5) Le Thanh Lan: Ndm trdm ndm lich Viet

Xudn Hdn. Nxb. Giao due, Ha Noi. 1998. eu the: 7a
d tr. 930, 7b 6 tr. 930-934, 7c 6 tr. 935, 7d 6 tr. 940.

Nam (1544-2043), Nxb. Ha N6i, 2010.

(13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18), (20). Hoang

(6) Xem ghi chii (2).
(7), (10). Hoing X u i n Han: La Sm

(8). Ba nhan dinh nay trong Hoang Xuan Han:
Lich vd lich ddi Le, Tap chi Thanh Nghi, so 52, 53,

Yen Ho

Hodng Xudn Hdn. Nxb. Giao due, H i Noi, 1998.

Xuan Han: La Son Yen Ho Hodng Xudn Hdn, sdd,
tr. 943, 944-945, 943, 943, 949, 963-982. 953-954.
(Xem tie'p trang 74)


Rghien eijru Licli sit. s o J O j Q l i
tid'n quan trgng ve van minh dai hgc ciia ndn

eiia Giao sU Tdn Tha't Thidn: *^ai hge khdng

giao due dai hge mien Nam Viet Nam lue bay

phai la ndi tuydn truyen, dan ap, pha hoai, ^

gid. Tuy nhien, do hoan canh chid'n tranh va

ba't cha'p luat phap va quydn ldi ehung eua xfl

keo theo la sfl bat dn xa hgi da lam gidi chinh

sd. Dai hgc khdng phai la ndi chuyen de da'u

quydn va gidi quan ly dai hgc khong tim dUde

tranh chinh tri. Dai hgc khong the thay the

tid'ng ndi ehung trong ed ehe' tfl tri dai hgc.

chinh trfldng va qude hgi. Dai hgc la ndi hgc d

Trong khi di tim mgt cd chd' hdp ly cho che do

ca'p "dai", nghia la ca'p sang tao tfl tfldng

tfl tri dai hgc d mien Nam Viet Nam thi da

trong tinh thdn vd tu xay dflng de ddng gop

phdn cac nha khoa hgc, gidi giao sU va ea he

vao cdng cugc eai tie'n va canh tan xfl sd va

thdng chfnh quyd'n ddu tam cha'p nh&n y kie'n

xahgi" (11).

CHU

THICH

(1). Trung tam Lifu trQ Quoc gia (TTLTQG) II;
ph6ng De nhi cong hoa (DIICH); so 3549,

(7). Phu Thu tuang VNCH; so 30473; tr, 20.
(8). W T L s o 2 4 4 3 ; t r 45

(2), (3), TTLTQG H; phong DIICH; so 3549; tr. 32.
(4). Tran Quang DS; Tkp san nghien cilu hanh
chinh, so'3-1971.

(9), Phong v a n giao due dai hoc, Phat trien xa
hpi, so 4 nam 1972, tr. 184.
(10). TTLTQG II, Phong De nhi cong hoa; so 3548.

(5). TTLTQG II; DIICH; so 3549; tr. 37.
(6). TTLTQG II; DNCH; so 3549.

(11). T6n That Thien; "Van de tu tri" T a tuiifng,
so 8, 1970, tr. 137.

HOC GIA HOAI\G XIJAIV UAN
(Tie'p theo trang 3J)
(19). Nguyin Trong Binh, Nguyin Linh va BiJi
Viet Nghi: Bdng doi chieu Am Duang lich 2000
ndm vd nien bieu lich sii, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hoi,
Uk Noi, 1976,
(21). Nha khi tUdng Viet Nam: Lich the'ky XX,

A 1237, Thu vien Vien Nghien cilu Han Nom.
(23). Le Thanh Lan: Ddi chieu lich Duang udi
lich Am-Ducfng cua Viet Nam ud Trung Quoc 2030
with Vietnamese

(25). P h a n Thuc Tnic: Quo'c sii di bien, Uy ban

- Solar

Calendar

and Chinese Lumsolar

(0001-2030)

xua't ban, 1973.
(26) Quoc sii q u a n t r i e u Nguyen' Dai Nam

(22). Lich dai nien ky bdch triing kinh, ky hieu

2030 years

2003, tr. 780-782.
dich thuat phii quoc vu khanh dac traeh van hoa

Nxb. Pho thong, 1967

ndm (0001-2030)

NhUng phdt hien mdi ue khdo co hgc ndm 2002.

- mWi^'^m

(0001-2030) mmmmmmm,

Comparison
calendar
2030 if-

Nxb. Giao due, Ha

Noi, 2007, tam ngu! (tr. 560).
(24). Le Thanh Lan, TrSn Ngpc Dung: Gido sU
Hodng Xuan Hdn noi ve lich Tdy S(Pi, trong cuon

nhdt thong

chi, t a p IV, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hoi.

Ha Noi, 1971,
(27). Le Thanh Lan. Lich hai the'ky (1802-2010)
vd cdc lich vinh cihi, Nxb. Thuan Hoa, Hue, 1985.
(28).
calendars.

Le

Thanh

Perpetual

Lan: Vietnamese
calendars

branches. Chronoacupuncture

old-time

of stems

(Acupuncture

and
on the

optimal time-interual). Seacom Edition, Berlin 2003
(29) Hoang Xuan Han: Ndm At Sdu cdm tinh
con trdu hai ddu? Bao Dodn Ke't (Paris), t h a n ? 9-