UNIT 9: NATURE IN DANGER

English 11

UNIT 9: NATURE IN DANGER
I.
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently.
1. A. environment
B. animal
C. dynamite
D. pesticide
2. A. garbage
B. trash
C. factory
D. atmosphere
3. A. dump
B. destruction
C. pollute
D. pump
4. A. forest
B. effect
C. destroy
D. protect
5. A. decrease
B. deforestation
C. recycle
D. sewage
6. A. slang
B. small
C. snack
D. swagger
7. A. swift
B. slim

C. smile
D. snippy
8. A. steamer
B. sleepy
C. sneeze
D. sweater
9. A. crown
B. snowy
C. swallow
D. slowly
10. A. sloppy
B. smog
C. snob
D. swollen
II.
Choose the word with different stress
1. A. capture
B. exist
C. discharge
D. extinct
2. A. devastate
B. endanger
C. estimate
D. pesticide
3. A. prohibit
B. destruction
C. establish
D. animal
4. A. interference
B. cultivation

C. entertainment
D. environment
5. A. survive
B. respect
C. nature
D. affect
III.
Choose the best answer for each of following question.
1. One of the factors _________global warming is carbon monoxide.
A. of
B. on
C. for
D. in
2. Earlier, it was found that carbon monoxide was concentrated _________the Southern Hemisphere,
and could be attributed _________deforestation.
A. in/to
B. on/to
C. in/in
D. on/for
3. Holes are developing in the earth’s ozone layer, the part of the atmosphere that protects the earth
_________ dangerous radiation.
A. to
B. in
C. from
D. with
4. The greenhouse effect is causing the earth’s temperature _________.
A. to rise
B. rises
C. rose
D. rising

5. Global warming is called the greenhouse effect because the gases that are gathering above the earth
make the planet _________to a greenhouse.
A. compare
B. comparable
C. compared
D. comparison
6. Air pollution can have serious consequences for the health of human beings, and also severely affects
_________ecosystems.
A. nature
B. natural
C. unnatural
D. naturally
7. Air pollution is a global problem and has been the subject of global _________and conflict.
A. cooperate
B. cooperative
C. cooperatively
D. cooperation
8. As the world has _________and its population has grown, the problem of water pollution has
intensified.
A. industry
B. industrial
C. industrialize
D. industrialized
9. _________government action to reduce them, smog levels remain very high in many cities.
A. In spite
B. Despite
C. But
D. Although
10. Individuals often throw out goods without _________that they are headed for a landfill and could be
dangerous for the environment.

A. realize
B. realized
C. realizing
D. realization
11. The human race is only one _________of beings in the living world.
A. means
B. existence
C. species
D. collection
12. Many rare animals are decreasing so rapidly than they are in _________of becoming extinct.
A. conclusion
B. threat
C. risk
D. danger
13. Laws have been introduced to_________ the killing of rare animals.
A. prohibit
B. prevent
C. stop
D. quit
14. The environment _________animals and plants are living is badly destroyed.
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A. in that
B. where
C. in where

D. which in
IV. Rewrite the sentences using compound adjectives. The first one has been done for you as an
example.
1. My father works in that office building. It is ten stories high.
→ My father works in that ten-story office building.
2. That swimsuit is Jane’s favorite. It’s made in one piece only.
→__________________________________________________________________________________
3. In our country, the second-largest holiday for high school students is the Tet holidays. The holidays
last two weeks.
→_________________________________________________________________________________
4. The Mekong is 4.200 kilometers long. It is one of the longest rivers of Southeast Asia.
→_________________________________________________________________________________
5. A soccer game is divided into two halves. Each half lasts 45 minutes.
→__________________________________________________________________________________
6. The game is played by two teams of 11 players, using a round ball. The ball weighs 400 grams.
→__________________________________________________________________________________
7. My sister is training for a race in the next Olympic Games. It’s the race of 200 meters for women.
→__________________________________________________________________________________
IV.
Complete the sentences, filling in each blank with a suitable compound adjective. The first one
has been done for you as an example.
1. Traffic that is moving in two opposite directions is called two- way traffic.
2. No vehicle is traveling in the opposite direction because this is __________________street.
3. “What do you call a hotel that is of excellent quality?” – “You call it a __________________hotel.”
4. These jeans, which are not brand-new, are sold at a low price at __________________clothing
shops.
5. The package tour is not expensive. The price includes __________________rail travel to Hue.
V.
Rewrite the following sentences, using a “to + base verb phrase” to reduce the relative clause.
Example: The only thing we can do now is wait and see.

→The only thing to do now is wait and see.
1. Who is the first Vietnamese woman that set foot on the Antarctic?
→_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why am I always the last that finds out about these parties?
→_________________________________________________________________________________
3. This is the ideal place where we can build a house of our own.
→_________________________________________________________________________________
4. The Honda Civic is the best car you should rent for your trip.
→_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Dr. Scott is the very person you should consult about the course you may take at this college.
→_________________________________________________________________________________
6. What are the most interesting things a tourist can see and do in your city?
→_________________________________________________________________________________
VI.
Combine each pair of sentences to form one meaningful sentence, using (a) a relative clause
and (b) a “to + base verb phrase”. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. Yuri Gagarin traveled in space. He became the first man in that area of space exploration.
→ a. Yuri Gagarin became the first man who traveled in space.
→ b. Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel in space.
2. This is the best book. You can read it on a long flight.
a. _________________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________________
3. The next question is the crucial one. We will consider it.
a. _________________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________________
4. He does not let little things disturb him. He is not that type of person.
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a. He is not _________________________________________________________________________
b. He is not _________________________________________________________________________
5. She needs help. No one can help her.
a. She has no _________________________________________________________________________
b. She has no _________________________________________________________________________
6. The best place is in the living room. You should put the piano there.
a. _________________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________________
VII. Below is an extract from the diary of one of the imaginary “persons” from outer space who
revived a charred star after it had been destroyed by those who once inhabited it. This part of the diary
is about what happened to Earth – the name of the charred star after it was given “the gift of life”.
Read it, then choose words from the box to replace the underlined words and phrases in the diary.
1. barren
4. mastered
7. caught us unawares
2. miscalculated
5. intervene
8. keep safe from danger
3. monitored
6. fragile
9. state of extreme ruin
DIARY
EARTH 2019
We watched carefully what happened on Earth after it received life. As we watched, we thought
about our own bare, colorless planet surrounded by black space, and grew more and more envious of Earth.
We saw the countless blue colors of the oceans. We saw also the numberless green colors of the land and the
millions of delicate, easily-damaged flowers that covered it. We saw the land filled with living creatures

ruled by strange two-legged beings. We allowed these beings to have the Earth to guard and protect it.
However, it was these beings who finally destroyed Earth.
We knew this might happen and we came to prevent it from happening. However, we made a mistake
and came too late. The final disaster happened so suddenly it took us by surprise. The wisdom and the
extremely powerful minds we had boasted about had failed to foresee the disaster.
VII. Read the text once for the gist (overall idea) and then fill in the blanks with the words of
phrases from the following list.
1. have not seen
5. the threat
9. air pollutants
2. temperature variations
6. warning us of a catastrophe
10. the ozone layer
3. the ecological battle
7. less and less easy to find
11. ecological food chain
4. animal kingdom
8. environmental disaster
12. increase in ultraviolet radiation
theory
When was the last time you saw a frog? Chances are, if you live in a city, you
(1.)________________one for some time. Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is
becoming (2.)________________those slimy, hopping members of the (3.)________________. All over the
world frogs are losing (4.)________________for survival. Could it be that their rapid decline in number is
signaling some coming (5.)________________for us all?
Frogs are highly sensitive to (6.)________________and might adversely react to environmental
changes long before we become aware of (7.)________________. The decline in the number of frogs
worldwide may be a warning that planet Earth is not only losing a vital link in the
(8.)________________(Frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects at manageable levels,) but we
might be increasing our output of (9.)________________to levels that may have already become

irreversible. Frogs could be inadvertently (10.)________________.
One (11.)________________that seems to fit the facts concerns the depletion of
(12.)________________. The ozone layer is meant to shield the earth from ultraviolet radiation rays, and its
thinning out has led to a sharp (13.)________________levels. This increase in radiation may be having a
greater effect upon frog populations than previously believed.
Task 2. Find the single words in the text which mean the following.
1. appearing in great numbers
2. a continuous decrease
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3. reacting quickly or strongly to something
4. in a way that is not likely to produce a good result
5. very necessary or essential
6. impossible to be changed back to what it was before
7. not deliberately or without intending to
8. the act of decreasing something markedly
9. to protect
VIII. Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the following sentences.
1. Peaceful (coexist)__________________is the best solution for all of us now.
2. The storm has made a complete (devastate)__________________to the town.
3. The giant panda is an (danger)__________________species.
4. Get some more (fertile)__________________for the garden.
5. Everything we are doing is for the (maintain)__________________of good relations between our
countries.
6. There should be a (prohibit)__________________against the sale of firearms every where.

7. The (fertile)__________________of the soil is very important to the growth of plants.
8. The paintings are in an excellent state of (preserve)__________________.
9. Many areas in the rain forests of South America, Asia, and Africa have been totally destroyed,
threatening the (survive)__________________of some species.
10. We shall take the (scene)__________________route across the Alps.
IX.
Fill one suitable preposition in each blank to complete the following sentences.
1. This new law prohibits people _________smoking in offices.
2. I can’t survive __________________10 dollars a week.
3. The book is admirable __________________respect __________________style.
4. After his discharge __________________the army, he went to Canada.
5. This is true__________________ respect__________________ English but not to French.
X.
Choose one suitable word or phrase to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences.
Using the correct form of the words.
1. discharge
3. survive
5. fertile
7. capture
9. off-spring
2. devastate
4. scene
6. extinct
8. endanger
10. pesticide
1. This advertisement will __________________the attention of TV audiences.
2. She was __________________by his death.
3. The Nile__________________ into the Mediterranean.
4. If we continue to destroy the forests, many more species will become __________________.
5. A writer must have a__________________ imagination.

6. Their __________________are all very clever.
7. Be careful when using __________________ They are also poisons.
8. On the way we stopped to admire the __________________.
9. Many strange customs have __________________from early times.
10. International laws now place some animals on the lists of __________________species.
XI.
Choose the correct word or phrase from the pair in brackets to complete each of the following
sentences.
1. There are very few unexplored arrears left in the (world/cosmos)
2. Barnaby spent all his life working on the (earth/land), like his father and grandfather before him.
3. After a long day in the town, you really appreciate the fresh air of the (nature/countryside)
4. Some market gardens find labor costs for casual workers so high that they allow the public to
(pick/pick up) the product themselves.
5. The children watched open-mouthed as the meteor blazed across the evening (heavens/sky)
6. From the helicopter the navigator could see the red cliffs of the Devon (coast/shore)
7. It is hoped that the recent advances in medical research will enable us to (devastate/eradicate) many
of the diseases which currently kill a large number of people in developing countries.
8. The travelers gazed in awe at the (lake/sea), a beautiful stretch of clear, fresh water surrounded by
snow-capped peaks.
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9. South Africa is a country of great beauty and immense natural (sources/resources).
10. The dragonfly is an (insect/animal) that we know very little of.
XII. Choose one suitable word or phrase to fill in each blank to complete the following passage.
There are two more than you need.

damage
developing
environmental
construction
environmentalists
obliterated
resources
tribal
conservation
irrigation
drought
scale source
rugged
Problems arose in the 1990s over the Indian government’s giant dam project in the
(1.)________________ Narmada Valley, where many of Rudyard Kipling’s stories are set. The Narmada
River rises in the heart of central India and flows westwards to the Arabian Sea. According to officials, the
planned (2.)________________of a huge dam and (3.)________________canals would provide water for
drinking and agriculture in an area worryingly prone to (4.)________________. The Narmada dam would
also offer a major (5.)________________of electricity to power-starved regions. As part of its commitment
to (6.)________________countries, the World Bank originally gave India a $450 million loan for this vast
project. However, critics argued that the dam project represented (7.)________________and cultural
destruction on a (8.)________________so massive that the benefits would pale in comparison to the (9.)
________________it would cause. They pointed out that more than 200.000 people would be uprooted and
rehoused and ancient (10.)________________cultures would be (11.)________________The World Bank
subsequently halted funding as a result of intense pressure from (12.)________________following an
unfavorable independent review of the project.
XIII. Fill one suitable article “a, an, the, ∅ ” in each blank to complete the following passage.
(1.)__________forest from which Man takes his timber is (2.)__________tallest and more impressive
plant community on Earth. In terms of Man’s brief life, it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the
seasonal growth and (3.)__________fall of the leaves, but to the forester, it represents the climax of

(4.)__________long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been (5.)__________forest for all time. Plants have minimum
requirements of temperature and moisture and, in ages past, virtually every part of Earth’s surface has, at
some time, been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive.
However, as soon as (6.)__________climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a fascinating
sequence of changes, called a primary succession, occurs first to colonize the barren land and the lichen
surviving on bare rock. Slowly, (7.)__________acids produced by these organisms crack
(8.)__________rock’s surface, plants debris accumulate and mosses establish shallow root-holes. Ferns may
follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots broke even deeper
into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to (9.)__________first trees. These grow
rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination – closing their
ranks and forming (10.)__________climax community which may endure for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. (11.)__________fire may destroy it outright and settlers may
cut it down to gain land for pasture or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, (12.)__________secondary
succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. (13.)__________shrubs and
trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and lodged in (14.)__________
coat of mammals.
For as long as it stands and strives, the forest is (15.)__________vast machine storing energy and the
many elements essential for life.
XIV. Fill one suitable word in each blank to complete the following passage.
Most people picture sharks (1.)___________huge, powerful, frightening predators, ready at any moment
to (2.)___________their sharp teeth to attack unwary swimmers without provocation. There are numerous
fallacies, however, in this conception of sharks.
First, there are about 350 species of sharks, and not all of them are large. They range in size
(3.)___________the dwarf shark, which can be only 6 inches (0.5 feet) long and can be held in the palm of
the hand, to the whale shark, which can be more than 55 feet long.
A second fallacy concerns the number and type of teeth, which can vary tremendously
(4.)___________the different species of shark. A shark can have from one to seven sets of teeth at the same
time, and some types of shark can have several hundred teeth in each jaw. It is true that the fierce and
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predatory species do possess extremely sharp and brutal teeth used to rip the prey apart; many
(5.)___________types of shark, however, have teeth more adapted to grabbing and holding
(6.)___________to cutting and slashing.
Finally, not all sharks are predatory animals ready to strike out at humans, on the least whim. In fact,
only 12 of the 350 species of shark have been (7.)___________to attack humans, and a shark needs to be
provoked in order to attack. The types of shark (8.)___________have the worst record with humans are the
tiger shark, the bull shark, and the great white shark. (9.)___________, for most species of shark, even some
of the largest types, there are no known instances of attacks (10.)___________humans.
XV. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
In many parts of the world, the influence of television is a matter of increasing concern. For years,
critics of television have concentrated on the issue of the program content - particularly violence - as it
affects viewers. The problem seems especially serious with regard to younger children. There is evidence
that TV does in fact lead people to accept more violence in everyday life. How could this not happen when it
presents violent acts, often with guns and knives, as normal and common occurrences?
In the last few years criticism of television has moved to a new stage by shifting the focus from the
subject matter to the experience of the medium itself. The problem now with TV is not just what is seen but
how it is seen. The way children watch it causes them to be passive, and some evidence suggests that such
viewing might even affect the development of the brain in small children.
However, the worst aspect of television is the way it can interfere with family life. The "box" has too
often become a substitute parent, taking over most of the work of introducing social and moral values to the
child and developing them in him. Parents allow this to happen by using television like a drug for the
purpose of keeping children quiet. Eventually the child comes to depend on the box and it becomes a necessary, lifelong habit.
While many children go through the "television experience" and survive, many others are deeply
affected by it. Much of the discussion of TV during the next few years will center on how to reduce the

dangers which it presents, particularly to younger people. Already there are movements to try to ban TV
advertising which is directed at children under a certain age. Perhaps this is just the beginning. In the end,
some people may even go to the extreme of demanding the removal of such a powerful medium from the
lives of young people. This might not be a practical solution, but we should not ignore the danger of
television.
1. There has been increasing concern about the influence of television because _
A. watching TV is a waste of time, especially for young children.
B. people who watch too much TV don't know how to react to violence in real life.
C. TV viewers tend to accept violence as normal in everyday life.
D. children are taught how to use guns and knives too early.
2. Arguments against the bad influence of TV on young children include all of the following EXCEPT_
A. violent content.
B. hindrance of the development of the brain.
C. interference with family life.
D. drug addiction
3. Some parents allow their children to watch a lot of TV so that they
A. can be introduced to good social and moral values.
B. won't become a nuisance to parents.
C. can acquire a lifelong habit.
D. keep away from drugs.
4. According to the passage, the dangers of TV to young viewers_
A. have been exaggerated.
B. are not as great as people feared.
C. have not been successfully tackled yet.
D. have practically been ignored.
5. According to the passage, the demand to remove TV from the lives of young people can be described as_
A. extreme
B. necessary
C. satisfactory D. popular
XVI. Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the idiomatic expressions from the box. There will be one

word per blank. In some cases, it may be necessary to change the verb forms in order for the sentence to
be grammatically correct.
day in and day out
=
constantly; for a long time
feel free
few and far between

=
=

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do something if one wants
uncommon and infrequent
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drop someone a line
=
send someone a letter
for good
=
permanently; forever
get off the ground
=
start to be successful
get in touch with

=
contact
get under way
=
begin; start
go easy on
=
not punish severely
a fish out of water
=
someone not in his or her natural surroundings
1. "Why do we need to get gas now? We have quite a bit left."
"This highway goes through some very empty country, and gas stations are________________________.
2. "Will the concert start soon?"
"It should________________________ any minute now."
3. "I'm tired of the same old routine." "I know how you feel. I get tired of doing the same things
________________________ too."
4. "I've missed James since he moved to Seattle."
"You should _________him_________ and let him know how you're doing. I'm sure he'd love to get a letter
from you."
5. "How's that advanced computer class you're taking, Polly?" "Not so good. I can't understand a word that
the teacher or any of the students are saying. I really feel like_____________________."
6. "Are you moving to Baltimore_____________________?" "No, just 111 be back
here in a month or two."
7. "I need to use a computer for a few hours." "_____________________to use my laptop computer. I don't
need it this morning.
8. "I got stopped by the police for speeding. I have to pay a big fine." "Well, you could talk to the judge and
ask him to reduce it. Since you've never been stopped for speeding before, maybe he’ll ____________ you."
9. "Has Howard_____________________ you lately?"
"No, he hasn't, I don't think he has my new telephone number."

10. "Maxwell's project will be very successful, I think."
"Oh, I don't know. I'm not sure it will ever_____________________."
XVII. From the notes, make one sentence. Use who or which with the words in brackets.
0. Greta Garbo. (She was born in Sweden). She moved to America in 1925.
Greta Garbo, who was born in Sweden, moved to America in 1925.
1. Football. (It first started in Britain.) It is now popular in many countries.
Football, _____________________________________________________________________________
2. Margaret Thatches (She was the Prime Minister of Britain for 11 years.) She studied science at university.'
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Michelangelo. (He lived until he was 90.) He is one of Italy's greatest artists.
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. The Nile. (It runs through several countries.) It is the longest river in Africa.
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Gandhi. (He was born in 1869). He became India's nationalist leader.
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Elephants. (They are found in Africa and India). They live to a great age.
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
7.Martina Navratilova. (She was born in Prague.) She became a US citizen in 1981.
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. Darwin. (His ideas changed our view of the world.) He travelled to a lot of countries when he was
young.’
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Madonna. (Her parents were born in Italy.) She is a famous American singer.
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
10. Bill Clinton. (His wife is a brilliant lawyer) He became President of the USA in 1993.
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
11. Sebastian Coe. (He was a successful English runner.) He is now a politician.
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→_____________________________________________________________________________________
12. Catherine of Russia. (She ruled for over 30 years.) She made many important changes.
→_____________________________________________________________________________________
XVIII. Complete the sentences with one of the phrases in the box and “who” or “whose”.
interviewed me — has visited so many different countries have saved their son — wives have just had
babies - book won a prize last week — divorce was in the papers - car had broken down — complain
all the time
0. The parents thanked the woman who had saved their son.
0. The couple whose divorce was in the newspapers have got married again.
1. It is very interesting to meet somebody______________________.
2. The person_________________________ asked me some very difficult questions.
.3. In my office there are two men_______________________.
4. What's the name of that writer_______________________?
5. I don't like people________________________ .
6. We helped a woman_______________________.
XIX. Defining relative clauses. Complete the sentences using “who” or “which”.
0. I went to see a doctor. She had helped my mother.
I went to see the doctor who had helped my mother.
1. A dog bit me. It belonged to Mrs. Jones.
→The dog _______________________________________________________________.
2. A woman wrote to me. She wanted my advice.
→The woman_____________________________________________________________.
3. A bus crashed. It was 23 years old.
→The bus_____________________________________________________________was 23 years old.
4. Ann talked the man. He had won a lot of money.
→Ann talked to the man_____________________________________________________________

5. Mary was staying with her friend. He has a big house in Scotland.
→Mary was staying with her friend_____________________________________________________.
6. He's an architect. He designed the new city library
→He's the architect______________________________________________________________.
XX. Reduced relative clause. Decide which of the following sentences contained reduced relative clauses
and which do not.
1. The man called Max at the office and asked him to meet him later that day.
2. The man called Max in the film was played by Patrick
3. Plums used to make me sick when I was a boy.
4. The player hurt in the tackle had to be taken to hospital.
5. Coffee made with this new percolator tastes better than ever.
6. The shark attacked in the shallows, causing panic among the bathers.
7. The player hurt his knee in the tackle but played on.
8. Coffee made Brenda feel agitated so she gave up drinking it.
9. The shark attacked in the shallows swam away losing a lot of blood.
10. Plums used to make jam must be very ripe.
XXI. Relative clauses with a participle. Complete the definitions. Put in an active or passive participle
of these verbs:
add — arrive — block — own — play — take - tell — watch — wear
0. A competitor is someone takinq part in a competition.
00. Your property is everything owned by you.
1. Baseball is a game__________ mainly in the US.
2. A wrist-watch is a watch__________ on your wrist.
3. A latecomer is a person__________ late.
4. An instruction is a statement__________ you what to do.
5. A spectator is someone__________ a game or an event.
6. An extension is a new part__________ on to a building.
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7. An obstacle is something__________ your way.
XXII. Relative clauses with a participle. Write each news item as one sentence. Change the part in
brackets into a clause with an active participle (e.g. costing) or a passive participle (e.g. found).
0. A new motorway is planned. (It will cost £500 million.)
A new motorway costing £500 million is planned.
00. Some weapons belong to the IRA. (They were found at a flat in Bristol.)
Some weapons found at a flat in Bristol belong to the IRA.
1. Families have been evicted. (They were living in an empty office building.)
→ Families....................................................................................................
2. A chemical company has gone bankrupt. (It employed 4,000 people.)
→A chemical company.................................................................................................
3. A bridge has been declared unsafe. (It was built only two years ago.)
→A bridge....................................................................................................
4. People have marched to London. (They are protesting against pollution.)
→People.....................................................................................................
5. Tennis fans have been queuing all night at Wimbledon. (They hope to buy tickets.)
→Tennis fans.....................................................................................................
6. A new drug may give us eternal youth. (It was developed at a British university.)
→A new drug....................................................................................................
XXIII. Relative clauses with a to-infinitive. Comment on each situation. Use the to-infinitive structure.
0. David offered his help. No one else did.
David was the only person to offer his help.
1. Olivia's daughter swam a length of the pool. No other girl as young as her did that.
→Olivia's daughter was.............................................................................................
2. The secretaries got a pay rise. No one else did.
→The secretaries were...............................................................................................

3. The pilot left the aircraft. Everyone else had left before him.
→The pilot was.....................................................................................................
4. Mrs Harper became Managing Director. No other woman had done that before.
→Mrs Harper was.....................................................................................................
5. Daniel applied for the job. No other candidate as suitable as him applied.
→Daniel was.....................................................................................................
XXIV. Reduced relative clause. Fill in the blank with the past participle form of the verbs in the box to
make a reduced relative clause for each sentence:
boar - book - bring - cook - dig - leave {twice) paint - park - return - steal - treat - wash
1. Children born on or before 1st September should have been vaccinated.
2. Any books ___________ to the library more than three days late will be subject to a fine.
3. Meat_______________ in oil or butter contains much more cholesterol than
meat which has been grilled.
4. Patients ________________ with the new wonder drug showed no greater signs of recovery than those
receiving traditional medicine.
5. Did you know that grapes________________ to dry in the sun turn into raisins?
6. Tickets________________ by phone must be paid for within 24 hours.
7. The management declines all responsibility for property _______________ from cars______________ in
this car park.
8. The skeleton________________ up at the building site last month turned out to be over 2,000 years old.
9. Yes, folks, it's true. Clothes ______________ in new "Spumo" won't lose their colour. We guarantee it!
10. Looking round a junk shop one day, Stanley came across a picture ________________ by Rembrandt.
11. Dogs ________________ into Britain from another European country must spend three months in
quarantine.
12. Baggage________________ unattended may be destroyed.
XXV. The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word
that fits suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
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1. I thought it was a fantastic idea at first but I've lost some of my.............................now ENTHUSIASTIC
2. It was a.......................place and I'd like to have been able to stay longer. FASCINATE
3. The thing I hate most about being unemployed is the............................ BORING
4. I wish you'd show some ..................... in this matter, because it's important.
INTERESTING
5. It's worrying to think what might happen if such weapons fell into the hands of............................
FANATICAL
6. Tennis started as a hobby for him but it's become an
now. OBSESSED
7. The whole evening was a ....................and I couldn't wait to leave. BORING
8. Her..........................include swimming and reading. INTERESTING
9. People living in cities often suffer from______________. LONE
10. To be honest, I found the film rather..................... OFFEND
XXVI. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it.
1. He didn't bother to knock before he walked into the boss's office.
→He walked into the boss's office....................................................................
2. Walking in the rain gives him pleasure.
→He enjoys..................................................................................
3. She admitted that she had taken the necklace.
→She admitted to.....................................................................................
4. Let's invite the Browns to the party on Sunday.
→He suggested............................................................................................
5. "I must see the manager!" he cried.
→He insisted................................................................
6. He said he was not guilty of stealing the car.

→He denied..............................................................................................
7. She didn't say a word as she left the room.
→She left the room................................................................................................
8. Arthur said he was sorry he had hurt her feelings.
→Arthur apologized.........................................................................................
9. I'm sorry I was rude to you yesterday.
→I apologise.........................................................................
10. "I'm sorry that I broke the glass," said Peter.
→Peter apologised..............................................................................
11. She doesn't usually stay up so late.
→She's not used.......................................................
12. "You should have waited for us," the team leader said to John.
→The team leader criticised................................................................................
13. Betty is very happy to look after handicapped people.
→Betty is devoted....................................................................................................

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