chương 6 lập kế hoạch đo gps

Chuong Vl

4P

ui

ao4cr Do cpy

cAC ordM cHfNn
C6 nhi6u ydu td cdn dUQc xem xdt trong giai doqn
lqp kd hoqch do GPS, bao gdm:
F MUc dich c0a viQc do:
. LOp tudi t. BAn dd chuy6n dd hay thu thqp d0 liQu cho GIS
. Sd lugng Oidm tndng chd mqt bing vd dQ cao doi
h6i
. He toa dQ vd dO cao
F Nhfrng ddi h6i dQ chfnh xdc
. MAt bing vdr dQ cao
. GPS s6 cung cdp d0 chinh xdc cdn thidt khOng?


,R2

CAC DIEM CHINH

) Qua trinh do GPS

. D0 chinh xdc cao: d0ng pha s6ng tai tTnh hay dQng
.
.

6 mtlc dQ cm
D0 chinh xdc trung binh: d0ng md 6 muc dQ m
D9 chinh xdc thdp: dung dinh vi tuyQt ddi 6 milc

.

10-30m
Cdc chgn lUa RTK cho do dia hinh

> Thidt kd ludi vd c6c lien kdt

.
.

C6c li6n kdt duong ddy tlnh vdo didm khdng chd
dia phuong
Cdc li6n kdt vdo c6c didm IGS

,r&t

CAC DIEM CHINH
F Thu thap d0 lieu va ky' thudt binh sai

. Thdi gian thu thap d0 lieu
. Cdc ddi h6i kh6i dOng GPS
. G6c ddi h6i da dudng ddy
. C6,c ddi h6i vdng kh6p
. C6c ddi h6i khdng chd t. C6c ti€u chudn binh sai vd ti6u chudn dO chinh

.
.

x6c
CAc ddi h6i metadata
Dinh dang b6o c6o do dac sau cing

F Vi trf chgn didm

.
.

KhAo s6t thqtc dia
Nhilng gidi hqn vd tinh nhin thdy hay da drtong


cHeN rY rnuAr Do

rHtdr rf, lUol

-

Quy chuAn

k! thuqt qu6c gia v6 x6y dgng tuoi tqa dO

06/2009/TT-BTNMT
Quy chuAn kg thu€t qu6c gia v€ xdy dr,rng luoi dQ cao

1/2008/QD-BTNMT
Quy dinh kg thuit do dac tnrc ti€p dia hinh vir cq sd dO tiOu n€n
dia lV ti l€ 1:500 d6n 1:5000 6AtZOlSrrT-BTNMT.
Thidt k6 tudi cps tidn hanh theo ba budc:
thu thdp s6 ti6u gdc tric dia vd khu vgc
1

-

>

Gps

'.
.

thidt kd so bQ trOn bAn dd vd
Chinh xdc ho6 vi tritr6n thgc dia.


rHU rHAP sd LrEu c6c rnAc
D!A
>NhiQm vq c0a bUdc ndry ld thu thap c6,c
tai liQu li6n quan ddn que trinh tfridt kd
lLIdi, bao gdm

. C6c bAn dd dd thanh lap vd khu do theo t!
.

le yeu cdu

Cdc didm khdng che mqt bdng va do cao
cdp cao dd co tr6n khu do

FTridn cilc didm khdng chd lOn bAn dd
thidt kd

//^?,\

THIET KE TREN BAN DO
,

i,

Tinh toan sO lugng di€m kh6ng ch6 dpa vdo m4t dQ sau
Hang I

C6p 0

10000
15000

krro

-

H4ng

700
1000
km2

II Hang III Hpg III Co sd
(vung

Co sd
(thanh
(chua
phti vd
x6ry
khu CN) dung)

leOng
bang)

nfi)

5

2s-50 4

krn2

-15

krn2

I

diCm/
diCm/

1km2
lkm2


/\\

THIET KE TREN BAN D o
Theo s6 luEng di6m kh6ng cne Oa tinh to6n truoc, ti6n hAnh ch6m
di6m so bO tr€n bdn d6. Vi tricdc di6m chqn cdn thod m6n c6c y€u
cAu sau: (Theo thdng tu O6/20O9||T-BTNMT, 6812015/TT-BTNMT)
Vitrf chqn di6m phdi ld cdc vitrico khd ning tdn tai d thUrc dia lAu
dai. Co n6n ddt v0ng ch5c, 6n dinh, d nh0ng v! tri quang d6ng vir
c6ch xa c6c c6ng trinh ki6n trUc lon, co v!tri thuaatnj lqi cho viec do
ngim, c6 khd ning ph6t tri6n cho c6c ludi c5p thdp hon, nim ngoAi
lQ gidic6c duong giao thong d6 dugc quy hoach. O6i vOi truong
hqp dudng giao th6ng chua c6 quy ho4ch hoic khu vgc c6 tluong
sdt cnay qua thi di6m dugc chqn phdi d vitri cdch m6p dudng giao
th6ng ho{c cdch nep duong sdt it nnSt SOm.
Vi tri dugc chgn phii co g6c md l€n biu troi lon hon 150t, trong
truong hqp clac biQt d c6c khu vr.rc dO thi thi vitri di6m duqc chgn
c0ng phdi c6 goc md lon hon 120tt vd chi duqc ph6p che khu5t vO
mOt phia.

.
.
.
.

Di6m itugc chgn phdi d xa c6c tr?m thu phdt s6ng t6l tnieu 500m;
xa c6c tram bi€n th6, duong dAy cao thi5, tram cao 6p it nhet som.

Han ch6 chqn di6m taic6c vitri gin m6i nhi kim loEi, cdy c6i am,
c6c nhd cao tAng vd hdng rio dAy th6p gai.
Kh6ng dugc ph6p chen Cti6m d c6c vitriduoi khe, su6i, s6t ta-luy,

dudit6n ciy.
N6u khu do cluqc thi6t ke tang diy luoi kh6ng ch6 c5p th5p hon
dEng ctuong chuydn do goc, canh thi phdi chgn vi tri di€m lu0i sao
cho tgo thinh tung cip di6m th6ng huong ngang hofc th6ng huong
ngang voi di6m c5p cao hon d6 phat tri6n c6c luoi cdp th5p hon

dqng dudng chuyAn
86 sung th6m:
NOn chqn di6m d noi gdn cludng giao thOng d6 de thicOng vi srl
dqrng vd sau.
V! tri vi phin b6 cOa c6c diSm kh6ng phu thuQc nhiOu vdo c6c y6u
t6 nhu hinh d4ng luoi hay tinh th6ng huong nhung n6n phqc vr; cho
mr,rc dich cU thd cOa d6 6n. VidU n€u tr€n khu ilo do v6 cung mQt t'i
l€, ta c6 th6 ph6n O6 Oeu c6c di6m. N€u do vE nhidu t! 16 thi n€n
phdn b6 dAy d khu vUc ty 16 lon vd thua d phin con lai.

.
.


K

K.A.t

TH IET KE TRE

,t\

N BAN DO

Tu tap hQp cdg didm qhqn tr6n, ta chon c6c dudnq
d3V dQc lAp d6 li6n k6t cdc di6m. Sau dAy ta nh0ri'g
yeu cau:

-

8
CI6
tqi trung
it nndt
trong

qu6c gia co d6 chinh x6c tu hang il trd t€n
i6m b6 tritai c6c g6c vd it nhAt 1 di€m b6 tri
oi cto n6i voi t6t cd c6c diSm tqa d6 c6p 0
vi tea d0 hang ll kh6c co trong phqm vixdy dtrng luoi hang lll.
it nnSt 3 di6m tga tlQ qu6c gia tai c6c vi tri kh6ng ch€ vdr ph6n b6
d€u toAn luoi khi xAy dqng luoi co s0 cdp 1.

t(/,\2,\

THIET KE TREN BAN DO
uac ctuong d-ay cang ngan cang tOt de t4o di6u ki6n cho vi6c
giAi da tri.-Dd_6An uio dO tntra Va sr:Cmtnri cdn i[ieitioriJ
mang lLtdi, m6i didm s6 dtroc ndivdo it niidt hai didm kd Ca"n
: Khqing cirn lrlng

-

-

:

Odr€ baig

l,iannd

s{ dt{i kMrE chi

ro?

dt l6i hi6u i Kiioog TrI

cirh

:

5&n


/,{^2./\\

THIET KE TREN BAN DO
F Tinh th6ng hud

dAy co

qpan trgng cho
Qa.ng phudnp p
ouong cnuyen.

thd te

hAng thdp hdn
udi tam gi6c,
9ng yiQc thid-t kd.ludi td kinh
an cai ddi h6i vd oo chinh
t kd luditdi r.ru s6 cunq cdo
dudng ddyl vong lqp [hua.

> Dd nha

ldp ddn
kdt cdc

HahO

l'l

2km+ks

gk-.71s
-

&iiAn nO'

;'E ;a;'it:ffi rit; ;i:A ; ) A:n;

a

56 dl6m kh{ng ch4 roa 41

:

l!: th,[u

i
Lli --*-

|

toi. Xlr€ngquydlra I
..___ -_ i

_

|

lootrn

Soknl

73\rt

ti

nhd hon, gfo nh6t v6i hon

r!

le do v0.

I


2t

KHAO SAT THUC DIA
3.1.06ng tdc khdo sdi chQn didm Msi tea d0 chidugc ti6n hinh sau khi lhrdt
k0 kf thuit dU todn di dugc plt€ duygt

'
rng

\1/

)

>

Vi vAv ta cdn thidt phai c6 qud tiinn cdi chidu thidt kd
tr6n'thUc.dia.nhim'ph6t hifn nh0ng didm bdt hQp lf
trong thidt ke.
idm tren mat ddt-bing dinh, sdn hay xay
g.
Ghi sd rrieu didm vA so hoa kV dd trdnh that lac.

Diinh gi6 d0 chfnh

x6,c

ludi GPS

Xfi l)t mOt hldi GPS hodn chinh c6 ttrd chia ldm 2 giai do4n:
> Xfl lf ttng ming do ri0ng 16

F Kdt hQp cr4c ming

clo clon dd tao thdnh mQt

+ Chring ta cAn hai mO hinh cd bdn li
m6 hi-nh sai sd

hrdi thdng nhdt

mO hinh chrlc ndng vd


M0 hinh chric ning cfia ludi
GPS
/

MO hinh chrlc-nang thd hiQn mdi quan hQ toiln hoc gitta c6c
tri do vd ci{c dn sd

AXi.;=

\

-

x,

AY,;-Yi-Y,

,rt\ur,\

Vi DU VE MO H|NH CHUC
NANG
x2Y2 22x3Ytz3 Xo Yo

24

(r o o o o o o o o)
lo r o o o o o o ol
r o o o o o ol
lo o
0 0l
l-t -l0 o0 or 0l 0o 0
o
o ol
lo o -l o o l o o
ol
u=lo o o I o o o ol
lo o o o l o -lo -r ol
lo

l'o o o o o I o o -ll
o o o o o o -r o o
I
I o o o o o o o -l o
lo o o o o o o o -t)

AX't
AYrz

LZ,,
AX,,
LYrt
LZrz
aX43

AY,r
aZnt
AXo,

I

I

AY,,
LZur


M0 HiNn sAt sd
D6 chinh xiic ctia mQt hldi GPS phu thu6c vdo:
> Ctrdt h.rQng cria c6c drldng clly don

F Tinh ddng nha't cia c6c tri do GPS (mQt vi hai tdn sd do,
vv...)
> Sd luQng vd srJ phdn bd ciic clrrdng d:iy dQc lQp trong hrdi
> Sd lrrgng cdc tildm g6c dd, c6
DQ chinh xi{c ctia c6c clrrdng d6y dQc l4p phq thu6c vdo:
) Chidu dii drldng driy ttdn
) Kidu mr{y thu GPS (mQt hay hai tAn sd)
> Thdi gian d4t miiy thu tai tram do
> Sdhlgng vQ tinh quan siit drrdc
> Tri do dr)ng trong viQc xrl l! (pha hay md)
) Phdn mdm dnng dd xf/ 1!
vv...)

M0 Hirun H6n sAt sd cps
BASELINE VECTOR
>

Y9 hinh ildn.gid+.qugc- sfi d-qng nhidu nhdt hi€n nay ad oann giri d0
chinh xric chidu

trong

dli

drldns

drll, _

d6 ,,,, .l;*i!*:J\:l^)l"o

aon uir,,,,

a=0.2-lcm
b=l-5ppm
tring. ;d a v
a theo rrong sd ny hudng ddn cta miiy thu GpS theo
ki6u do
du khi ding mriy-thu Trihble 4000SSi do tinh.yd xfi
lf tri do
5 mm, ! = lppm.
> Thgo Chris Rizos, ta c6 thd x{p xi dQ chinh xiic cho ciic thdnh phdn cfia
cludng ddy ld
(
z

m2*

=La@.tZ)'


D0 cHiNH xAc KHONc ctAN
8

x,x, 4 x,r,
r,r,
Q

gn =(t'ref'

4 xrz,

Q

r,z,

o':.L'

=

4x,x, 4x,r"

Qx,z,

r,x. rrr"
n':.':

n?.'.'

Qx"x" Qx,y,

Qx"z.

4

Q

":!:

8r,y,

I

r,z"

Matrdn trong sd
tl6o cria X. Y vd Z

Qr,z,

o-.

mi:

Qx,x,+Qr,r,+Q.z,z,

HE rQA D0

rnxc DlA DlA

PHUONG

fru.c V tgng v.gi p|gn
tuydn tai Q, vcyi chteu
duong huong ly tdm

Tiuc E tqo voi trqrc N vd
trUc U thdnh mot hd tam
di€n trdi.


Q*"t 3

4 N,x,

QNeu
444

4

N,E,

4 N,u,

QN,u"

Q

e,r,

I

4EN, Qep,
n":.7

tru,

n":.i'

Qxw =TQxnTr =

":.1:
Q

u.r" N$.
4 e$,
Q

4N,u,
4e,u,

n":.?

Matran trong sd
ddo cria N. E vi U
Q u^u,

4

t,u"

Qu^u^

-

sin /n sin 2n
cos

cos/.

a

/,,

sin 2,,

/\

^(

SAI SO TP TUONG HO
4,,=arctanl

'

(rv, -rv,)

I Et-E' )

. Him trgng-l s0':
ai ai
f",, = !(o

o)

5,,

a,

=Jcti = (sinau

-cosa/

0)

bi
b, = -b i= (- cos au - sin a,
I,=(o

bi

Trgng sddio:
Qo, =

.fo,Qrur-f!, =

lo,(Qruu

*

QNcu,

-zQrru,bl

.J

Q", = .f,nQNeuf{, = b,@*uu, +

Qrrr, -zQ*urbl

Sai s6'trung phr/dng tr/dng h6:

m"-

=,[e

mr, =

JA

o)

0)


Phdn mdm ddnh gid dQ chinh xdc
Iudi GPS - GPSEST

DINH DANG FILE NHAP
5

tong so diem
T€n tlidm, to4 rlQ Gauss (UTM)
x vd y cria t{t c6, c6c didm GpS
trong lUdi

12

23
34
45
51
1 so diem

3

TOn canh do GPS theo chidu

cung

__________:_


DINH DANG FILE XUAT
SAI SO VI TRI MAT BANG CUA LUOI GPS

vido kinh do mx(m) my(m) mp(m)
1 8.1954 106.0111 0.3616 1.7112 1.7490
2 9.1319 109.0231 0.0986 1.3373 1.3409
3 9.1620 106.0739 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 9.1235 108.1060 0.0767 0.9902 0.9932
5 9.1249 110.s638 0.1158 1.5119 1.5163
SAI SO TRUNG PHUONG TUONG HO
Canh S
mS T

Diem

2 347176.385 2.2039 157530
't-3 104715.260 1.7490 59872
1- 4 257287.279 2.0113 127922
1- 5 551668.659 2.3147 238328
2- 3 320674.399 1.3409 239141
2- 4 94562.268 1.6687 56669

2- 5 209796.619 2.0242 103646
3- 4 226192222 0.9932 227751
3- 5 530446.435 1.5163 349832
4- 5 304351.675 1.8126 167910
'l-

LAP LICH DO

) Chgn thdi didm do thich hEp
Chgn thdi gian crta mAt ca do
> LAp fich ca do

D


cHeN rHol otdnr Do rHicH
HgP

Fq ilile
L"Erd"

> Co tnd Oung cdc m6
dun lQp kd hoach
cria phdn mdm
GPS.
> Vf dr; trong phdn
mdm Pinnacle c6
mo dun Ociupation
Planning dUQc thiet
kd cho mqc dich ndy

I

n

N

.
6 -.
F-i0
Ldrg@
^

:

_-.
i0

:,

dia.

j

r[ H4

Mo>

I

D0'thi CDOP

vi

PDOP


cHeN THol ctAN c0n MQT cA
DO
odi vOi dinh vi tudng odi tinrr, quy phqm c0a
Qudn d0i My' dd nghi theo bing sau (don vi
thdi gian la phft)
Dtrdng ddy (km)

4 vd tinh
mt!

lan

Don
1-

10

60

5 v€ tinh
al

IAN

so

K6p
20

)\

10-20
20-50

105

35

>50

180

60

75

Don

>=6 vC tinh

1

lan

SO

Kdp

36
45

Don

so

K6p

12

24

8

15

30

10

75

25

135

45

60
90

JU

20

tAp LICH CA DO
Gid sfi thdi gian m6i ca do ld 45 ph(t, thdi gian
chuydn m6y gi0a cdc tr4m trung binh la 1 5 pn.it
vd thdi gian do tdt nhdt rrong ngay ld tU Bh ddn

12h
Ca do

Thdi gian

M6y thu
n

I

8:00

2

9:00

J

10:00

4

ll:00-

-

-

B

C

8:45

I

2

9:45

A

2

l0:45

A

5

J
J

ll:45

6

)

J


QUA TRINH Do TREN THUC DlA
> Cei dflt anten vd do dg cao anten
) Ddng bQ cAc mey thu trong ca do
> Ghi chdp vAo sd ao
Y Cdc

ki6m tra cdn thi6t