Group 5 bridge types

TOPIC: BRIDGE TYPES
1. Introduce
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A bridge is a structure built to span physical
obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or
road, for the purpose of providing passage
over the obstacle. Designs of bridges vary
depending on the function of the bridge, the
nature of the terrain where the bridge is
constructed, the material used to make it and
the funds available to build it.
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There are six main types of bridges: beam
bridges, truss bridges, arch bridges, cantilever
bridges, suspension bridges and cable-stayed
bridges.


Illustration for bridges
type


I. Beam bridges
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Beam bridges are the most simple of
structural forms being supported by an
abutment at each end of the deck. No
moments are transferred through the support
hence their structural type is known as simply
supported.
The simplest beam bridge could be a slab of
stone, or a plank of wood laid across a stream.
Bridges designed for modern infrastructure
will usually be constructed of steel or
reinforced concrete, or a combination of both.
The concrete used can either be reinforced,
prestressed or post-tensioned.
Types of construction could include having
many beams side by side with a deck across
the top of them, to a main beam either side
supporting a deck between them. The main
beams could be I-beams, trusses, or box
girders. They could be half-through, or braced
across the top to create a through bridge.
Beam bridges are often only used for really
short distances because, unlike truss bridges,
they have no built in supports. The only
supports are provided by piers.

Feiyun River Bridge, Zhejiang Province


The beam bridges famous

Rio-niteroi Bridge

Seven Mile Bridge


II. Truss bridges
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A truss bridge is a bridge
composed of connected
elements(typically straight)
which may be stressed from
tension, compression, or
sometimes both in response
to dynamic loads. Truss
bridges are one of the oldest
types of modern bridges.
The basic types of truss
bridges shown in this article
have simple designs which
could be easily analyzed by
nineteenth and early
twentieth century engineers.
A truss bridge is economical
to construct owing to its
efficient use of materials.


The truss bridges famous

TrangTien bridge

ErieCanalRRBridge


III. Arch bridges
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An arch bridge is a bridge with
abutments at each end shaped as a
curved arch. Arch bridges work by
transferring the weight of the bridge
and its loads partially into a horizontal
thrust restrained by the abutments at
either side. A viaduct (a long bridge)
may be made from a series of arches,
although other more economical
structures are typically used today.
Arch bridge: construction that allows
automobiles to travel between two
points separated by an obstacle.
Portal frame: construction that
carries the weight of a suspended load
to the ground.
Arch: arched vault that is supported
by the abutments.
Deck: platform of the bridge.
Lower chord: lower supporting piece.

Upper chord: upper supporting piece.
Pile: masonry pylon that serves as
support.


The arch bridges famous

Fredrikstad_BridgeacrossGlomma01  Fredrikstad Na Uy

Si-o-se Pol bridge, Iran

HarlemRiverBridges (New York , Mỹ )





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Suspension bridge: construction
that allows automobiles to travel
between two points separated by an
obstacle.
Side span: segment between two
pylons at the ends of a bridge.

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Centre span: segment between
two pylons at the centre of a bridge.

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Side pylon: tower-like vertical
construction situated at the side,
usually supporting the cables of a
suspension bridge or a cable-stayed
bridge
Foundation of a pylon: very
durable lower part of a tower.

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Suspender: support cable.

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Suspension cable: set of braided
wire that supports a bridge.

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Pylon: tower-like vertical support
that usually supports the cables of a
suspension bridge or a cable-stayed
bridge.

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Stiffening girder: tightener beam


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A suspension bridge is a type
of bridge which is built by
suspending the roadway from
cables attached to a master
cable which runs above the
length of the bridge. In addition
to being strong and
lightweight, suspension bridges
are also beautiful, and some of
the most famous bridges in the
world are
also suspension bridges,
including San Francisco's
iconic Golden Gate Bridge  and
New York's Brooklyn Bridge .
A suspension bridge is a type
of bridge in which the deck (the
load-bearing portion) is hung

below suspension cables on
vertical suspenders
This type of bridge has cables
suspended between towers,
plus vertical suspender
cables that carry the weight of
the deck below, upon which
traffic crosses.

Golden gate
bridge

Brooklyn Bridge


VI. Cable-stayed bridges


A cable-stayed bridge is a bridge that consists of one or more columns (normally
referred to as towers or pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck.
There are two major classes of cable-stayed bridges: In a harp design, the cables are
made nearly parallel by attaching them to various points on the tower(s) so that the
height of attachment of each cable on the tower is similar to the distance from the
tower along the roadway to its lower attachment. In a fan design, the cables all
connect to or pass over the top of the tower(s).
Compared to other bridge types, the cable-stayed is optimal for spans longer than
typically seen in cantilever bridges, and shorter than those typically requiring a
suspension bridge. This is the range in which cantilever spans would rapidly grow
heavier if they were lengthened, and in which suspension cabling does not get more
economical, were the span to be shortened.

21 tháng 5 năm 2000.


Sutong yangtze with the longest main span in the would as of 2011 1088m, side span 300m 306m high tower, total bridge
length 8206m


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