SƠ cứu TRÊN TÀU(FIRST AID PRESENTATION)

FIRST AID

Maria Luisa Malaca- Sanchez, M.D.


OBJECTIVES
To prepare the seafarer in providing

medical first aid in emergency cases
To provide the seafarer with the knowledge
and skill in First Aid to be able to take
immediate action in case of accidents or
illness likely to occur on board a ship


FIRST AID
 Immediate and temporary treatment of a victim

of sudden illness or injury while awaiting the
arrival of medical aid
 Proper early measures may be instrumental in
saving life and ensuring a better and more rapid
recovery
 The avoidance of unnecessary movement and
over excitation of the victim often prevents
further injury


AIMS OF FIRST AID
 Preserve life
 Prevent further injury

 Promote recovery


First aid training also involves the

prevention of initial injury and responder
safety, and the treatment phases.
Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor
injuries may not require further medical
care past the first aid intervention


First Aid Kits
A vessel must carry a first aid kit in

accordance with national regulations
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS must be
printed in legible type and must be
waterproof


ESSENTIALS OF FIRST AID


CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION ( CPR)


CARDIO-PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION ( CPR )

 Lifesaving technique useful in many

emergencies, including heart attack or near
drowning
 An emergency procedure which is performed
in an effort to manually preserve intact brain
function until further measures are taken to
restore spontaneous blood circulation and
breathing in a person in cardiac arrest.


CPR
 It is indicated in those who are

unresponsive with no breathing or
abnormal breathing.
It may be performed both in and outside of
a hospital.


CPR
CPR alone is unlikely to restart the heart;

its main purpose is to restore partial flow
of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart
The objective is to delay tissue death and
to extend the brief window of opportunity
for a successful resuscitation without
permanent brain damage.

ASSESS THE SITUATION
BEFORE STANDARD CPR
 Is the person conscious or unconscious?
 If the person appears unconscious, tap or

shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly,
“Are you ok?”
 If no response, call emergency hotline or
have someone else do it but if you’re alone
perform 2 minutes of CPR before calling
for help


REMEMBER ABC’ s of
STANDARD CPR


AIRWAY
 Clear the airway
1. Lie on a firm surface
2. Kneel next to the person’s neck and

shoulders
3. Head tilt- chin lift. Palm on the victim’s
forehead , other hand lift the chin forward
4. Check for normal breathing:
< 10 sec: chest motion, breath sounds (feel
on cheek and ear)

BREATHING
 Breathe for the person

Rescue breathing can be mouth to mouth or
mouth to nose ( if the mouth is injured or
can’t be opened)
1. With the airway open, pinch the nostrils shut
for mouth to mouth
2. Prepare to give to 2 rescue breaths. 1st
breath—1 sec– chest rise– give 2nd breath


If no chest rise—repeat head tilt- chin lift

then give 2nd breath
3. Begin chest compressions


CIRCULATION

 Restore blood circulation
1. Heel of one hand over the center of the

person’s chest the other hand on top of the
1st hand. Keep elbows straight
2. Use your upper body weight as you
compress the chest 1 ½ - 2 in. Push hard and
fast—2 compressions / sec

3. After 30 compressions, tilt head back and
lift chin up to open the airway. Give 2
rescue breaths ( one cycle)
4. If still no response after 5 cycles ( about 2
min) use Automated External Defibrillator
(AED) if you are trained


If no AED– continue CPR until there are
signs of movement or until emergency
medical personnel take over



2010 CPR GUIDELINES
In 2010, the American Heart

Association and International Liaison
Committee on Resuscitation updated the
CPR guidelines.
 The importance of high quality CPR
(sufficient rate and depth without
excessively ventilating) was emphasized.


2010 CPR GUIDELINES
The order of interventions was changed for all

age groups:

 airway, breathing, chest compressions (ABC) 
chest compressions, airway, breathing (CAB).
An exception to this recommendation is for
those who are believed to be in a respiratory
arrest (drowning, etc.) and children.


CPR SURVIVAL RATES
METHODS

RATE

WITHOUT CPR

5.2 %

STANDARD CPR

7.8 %

COMPRESSION ONLY CPR

13.3 %

In adults with out-of-hospital cardiac
arrest, compression-only CPR by the lay
public has a higher success rate than
standard CPR.
AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION

COMPRESSION ONLY CPR
( 2010 CPR Guidelines)

Hands-only or cardio-cerebral resuscitation
Technique that involves chest

compressions without artificial respiration
 It is hoped that the use of compression
only delivery will increase the chances of
the lay public delivering CPR


COMPRESSION ONLY CPR
( 2010 CPR Guidelines)

 It is recommended as the method of choice

for the untrained rescuer or those who are
not proficient as it is easier to perform and
instructions are easier to give over the
phone.
 The method of delivering chest
compressions remains the same, as does the
rate (at least 100 per minute).