LUẬN văn CÔNG NGHỆ hóa NGHIÊN cứu KHẢ NĂNG PHÂN hủy CHẤT hữu cơ độc hại TRONG môi TRƯỜNG nước TRÊN xúc tác SBA 16

------------

NGHIÊN
-16

MSSV: 2072127
-

1


–

–


1.
2.

:
SBA - 16"

3.

4.
a.
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b.

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
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c.
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d.
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–

–


1.
2.

:
- 16"

3.

4.

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
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

–

–

–

–

i



.
c.

SBA-16.
s

metylen
-16".
M

-

-

ii


...........................................................................1
1.1

...................................................................................1

1.1.1.
1.1.2.

......................................................................1
Khái quá

................................................1

1.1.3.

.................................................................................2

1.1.4.

.........................................................3

1.2

.........................................................3

1.2.1

........................................................3

1.2.2

..........................................................................5

1.2.3
1.3

2

...................................................................7
..................................................................7

1.3.1.

.................................................................................7

1.3.2.

................................................7

1.3.3.

......................................................................8

1.3.4.

.......................................................9

1.4

-16 ............................................................12

1.4.1.

– 16 .......................................................................12

1.4.2.

-16 ..........................................................12

1.5

.........................................................................13

1.5.1

.......................................................................13

1.5.2

...............................................................13

iii


1.5.3

.................................................................15

1.5.4

..............18

1.5.5

....................................20

1.5.6

....................................23

1.5.7

...........................................24

1.6

.............................................................26

1.6.1.

..........................26

1.6.2.

....................................................28

1.6.3.

..................29

1.6.4.

..................................29

1.6.5.

 VIS ...................................................30
.......................................................................................32

2.1.

......................................................................32

2.2.

...............................................................................................32

2.2.1

-

2.2.2

................................32
34

..................................................................37
3.1
3.1.1.
3.1.2.

-16 ..........................................................................37
2

....................................................................37
-16 ...................................................................38

3.2

.............................................................................39

3.2.1.

............................................................................39

3.2.2.

.......................................41

3.2.3.

..................................................42

3.3

..43

3.3.1.

-16 .....................43

3.3.2.

-16 ....................................45
...................................................................48

iv


4.1.
4.2.

......................................................................................................48
Ki

....................................................................................................48

v


.................................................................8
...............................................................9
...............................................................9
............................................9
..........................................................................10
...............................................................11
.....................................................................11
-16 .........................................................12
-16 ...........................................................13
...................................................................................14
.......................................15
........................................................18
.....................18
.....................19
.....................19
...........................................26
....28
.................................................................................37
iO2

...............................................................38

-

...........................................................38
................................................................39
.......................................40
.................................................................41
.............................................................................42

-

.................................................43
.......................................................44

vi


-

...................45
......................................................46

vii


...................................................................5
........................................................................27
.....................................................................32
............................................................................37
2

......................................................................37
........................................38
...............................................................42
....................44
.....................45
....................................................46
-16 .....................................................47

viii


...................................................................33

2

–

...................................................34
................................................35
......................................................................36

ix


-

.............................................49

-

..............................................50
-16 ........................................................51

x


RHA

Rice Husk Ash

BET

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

UV-VIS

Ultraviolet – V

XRD

X-ray diffra

SEM
I
S

VLMQ
MQTB
M41S
TEOS

-41, MCM-48,...
TetraethylOrthosilicate

MCM-41
MCM-48
MCM-50
SBA-16

Santa Barbara Amorphous - 16

xi


.
1.1

[1], [2]

nhu m

t l n và thay

ỗ
i theo

1.1.1.

hu u s d ng
t hàng khác nhau.

c trong nhà máy

t

[3]

ỉ

màu là nh ng nhóm ch a
> < > = ,  N =

các n i ôi liên h p v i h i n  không c
N ,  NO2,...
NH2,  COOH,  SO3H,  OH,...

1.1.2.

q

s

[2]

Thu nhu m t ng h p r t
d ng v thành ph n hoá h c, màu s , ph m
vi s d g. Có hai cách phân lo i thu nhu m p bi n nh t:
1. Phân lo i theo c u trúc hoá h g m có: thu nhu m azo, thu
antraquinon, thu nhu m triarylmetan, thu nhu m phtaloxiamin.

nhu m

2. Phân lo i theo c tính áp d
g m có: thu nhu m hoàn nguyên, thu
nhu m l u hoá, thu nhu m t c ti p, thu nhu m phân tán, thu nhu m
baz cation, thu nhu m axit, thu c nhu m ho t tính.
● Thu

nhu m azo: nhóm mang màu là nhóm azo ( N  N ) phân t

1


t
nhu m có m
polyazo).

nhóm azo (monoazo) hay nhi u nhóm azo (diazo, triazo,

●

–

SO3
%
●

%

%

lmetan (11%), arycydin (7%),

%
●
Ar–SO3Na → Ar–SO3– + Na+

%
azo,

%

%

1.1.3.

%

[3, 4]

Thu nhu m azo ch a nhóm azo (  N  N  ) trong phân t và các nhóm
tr màu t theo c tính c a nhóm tr màu. N u nhóm tr màu mang tính baz
có các nhóm y electron m nh
–NH2, –NR2… g i là thu nhu m azoba . N u nhóm tr màu có tính axit do các nhóm th – OH, – COOH, –SO3H
g i là t
nhu m azo-axit. ây là h thu nhu m quan tr ng nh t và có s
l ng l n nh t chi m kho ng 60-70% s l ng các thu nhu m t ng h p.
Ph n l n thu c nhu
c s
g là t c nhu

azo.
y là ph m
nhu
có màu s c t i sáng do s hi n di n c a m t ho c m t vài nhóm azo
(N=N)
.
th ng

may và các ngành công nghi p khác. Metyl
hô h p,
ng tiêu hóa.

c s d g trong phòng thí nghi m, d t
có th gây các b nh v m t, da,
ng

Công th c phân t : C15H15N3O2
Công th c

u o:

2


 Metylen xanh
ỉ

1.1.4.

[5, 6]

may
ẻ

…

ỉ

ỷ

%
ỉ %
ra,
Â
ẻ

1.2
1.2.1

[7]

3


-

kg/m3

2

%
2
2


ỉ

không

ỉ




s
ỉ



s
ỗ




2

4

4

(%)
- xenlulo

43,30

Lignin

22,00

D-xylose

17,52

I-arabinose

6,53

Methylglucuronic axit

3,27

D-galactose

2,37
94,99

s

1.2.2

[8]

1.2.2.1
ẻ
ỗ




cao.
4
4

ỉ

ỗ

côn
2.

SiO4

5


Si ch

ỗ

2


C)
1.2.2.2

2

SiO 2
SiO 2

SiO 2
SiO 2

+
+
+
+

2F 2

SiF 4

4HF

SiF 4

+
+

O2
2H 2O

2NaOH

Na2SiO 3

Na2CO 3

Na2SiO 3

+
+

H2O
CO 2

1.2.2.3
2

-41, MCM-48, SBA-15, SBA-16,...

6


1.2.3

[8]

2

Silic

trong

axit silixic.
Na 2SiO 3

+

+

2NaCl

2HCl

H2SiO 3

H2SiO3

nH2SiO3

(SiO 2)n

+

nH2O

Trong

2

2

q

1.3

2

[9]

q

1.3.1.

ỗ

ỗ
ỉ
ẻ
sinh.
1.3.2.

V

q
ỷ

.

n

7


-

-16,...
g 20100 Å

1000 m2/g).

<

<

<

>
d < 2nm

2 nm < d < 50 nm

(Micropore)

d > 50 nm

(Mesopore)

(Macropore)
n theo IUPAC

1.3.3.
1.3.3.1.

Al-MCM-41, Fe-MCM-41,...

-41, MCM-8, SBA-15, Ti-MCM-41,



2,

Fe2O3, ZrO2,...

1.3.3.2.


-41, SBA-15,...



-48, SBA-16,...




-50,...

h

-1, L3,...

8


–

1.3.4.

–

–

[10]



1.3.4.1

[11]

9