CHUYÊN đề mệnh đề quan hệ anh 9

CHUYÊN ĐỀ :

MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

A. RELATIVE CLAUSES
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ:
WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN.
Danh từ đứng trước Chủ ngữ
Tân ngữ
Sở hữu cách
(Antecedent)
(Subject)
(Object)
(Possesive Case)
Người (person)
Who/That
Whom/That
Whose
Vật (Thing)
Which/That
Which/That
Of which/ whose
1. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses)
a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.
à I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.
- The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.
àThe woman who is standing over there is my sister.
b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.

à I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to.
- The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
à The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
c. WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars
à She works for a company which makes cars.
- The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.
à The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.
- Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó
Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents.
He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)
d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son.
- The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister.
- I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to.
- The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
- She works for a company that/ which makes cars.
- The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big.
* Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:
- Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
- Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much ....
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
All that is mine is yours.
- Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last
Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- You are the only person that can help us.
- Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.

(Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)
* Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
- Trong mệnh đề tính từ không xác định.
Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
- Sau giới từ
Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale.
e. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-).
Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
à John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken.
- This is the student. I borrowed his book.
àThis is the student whose book I borrowed.
f. OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
à Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
à He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
à The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.
- The house is for sale. I was born in it.
à The house in which I was born is for sale.
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.
2. Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs)
a. WHERE (in/ on/ at ... which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn
Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
à The movie theater is the place where we can see films.
b. WHEN (in/ on which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian
Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
à Do you remember the day when we first met?

c. WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do
Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
à Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
CÓ 2 LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ LIÊN HỆ:
RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
I. Restrictive Relative Clauses:
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ
không rõ nghĩa.
Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
à I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.
* LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân ngữ trong
MĐQH xác định.
II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses:
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích thêm), nếu
bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa.
- Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
- Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định khi:
+ Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…


+ Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
à My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
- Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
à Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
- The sun made the traveller thirsty. It was hot at midday.
à The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty
- The boys in the next room are my students. They are making noise.
à The boys in the next room, who are making noise, are my students.

 NHỮNG LƯU Ý KHI DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ ( WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM.... )
1.Khi nào dùng dấu phẩy ?
Khi danh từ đứng trước who ,which,whom... là :
+ Danh từ rieng ,ten
Ha Noi, which ....
Mary, who is ...
+ Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ :
This book, which ....
+ Có sở hửu đứng trước danh từ :
My mother, who is ....
+ Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết : Sun ( mặt trời ), moon ( mặt trăng )
The Sun, which ...
2. Đặt dấu phẩy ở đâu ?
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở giữa thì dùng 2 dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu và cuối mệnh đề
My mother , who is a cook , cooks very well
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở cuối thì dùng một dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu mệnh đề ,cuối mệnh đề dùng dấu
chấm .
This is my mother, who is a cook .
3.Khi nào có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM...
- Khi nó làm túc từ và phía trước nó không có dấu phẩy ,không có giới từ ( whose không được bỏ )
This is the book which I buy.
Ta thấy which là túc từ ( chủ từ là I ,động từ là buy ) ,phía trước không có phẩy hay giới từ gì cả nên
có thể bỏ which đi :
-> This is the book I buy.
This is my book , which I bought 2 years ago.
Trước chữ which có dấu phẩy nên không thể bỏ được .
This is the house in which I live .
Trước which có giới từ in nên cũng không bỏ which đựơc .
This is the man who lives near my house.
Who là chủ từ ( của động từ lives ) nên không thể bỏ nó được .

4. Khi nào KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT :
- Khi phía trước nó có dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ :
This is my book , that I bought 2 years ago. (sai) vì phía trước có dấu phẩy -.> không đượdùng
THAT mà phải dùng which
This is the house in that I live .(sai) vì phía trước có giới từ in -> không được dùng THAT mà phải
dùng which
5. Khi nào bắt buộc dùng THAT


- Khi danh từ mà nó thay thế gồm 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật
The men and the horses that ....
That thay thế cho : người và ngựa
6.Khi nào nên dùng THAT
- Khi đầu câu là IT trong dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences)
It is my father that made the table.
- Khi đứng trước đó là : all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, someone, something, so sánh
nhất
There is something that must be done This the most beautiful girl that I've ever met.
EXERCISE 1 : Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.
I. Fill in the blank with a Relative pronoun or a Relative Adverb.

1. The man, _____________is sitting on the chair, is a teacher.
2. The dog, _____________ is eating, belongs to Mike.
3. This actor, _____________ films are very bad, is really rich.
4. People _____________ the company employs are expected to sign a contract.
5. The house _____________ you saw belongs to my brother.
6. The only thing _____________ matters is to tell the truth.
7. That's the house _____________ I was born.
8. The girl _____________ phoned to my sister is her best friend.
9. Ann, _____________ children are now grown up, is looking for a job.

10. I told the police _____________ happened.
11. Peter, _____________ I met yesterday, is sick.
12. These pupils, _____________ come into the classroom, are disruptive.
13. My car, _____________ I crashed in a roundabout, is broken.
14. That is the bus _____________ I usually take.
15. Here is a game the rules _____________ I don't understand.
1. John, _____________ appetite is spectacular, is fat.

2. My book, _____________ I put into the trash bag, has been stained.
3. My father , _____________ is coming back, is in a bad mood.
4. I comfort Maggy _____________ is crying.
5. This child, _____________ school record book is awful, seems to be sad.


6. The woman _____________ is reading a book is a friend of mine.
7. John, _____________ Father is a doctor, wants to be a doctor too.
8. the book _____________ is on the table is not for sale.
9. My sister, _____________ husband is inside the car, can't drive.
10. He's the boy _____________ delivers the newspaper on Sundays.
11. My friend Paul _____________ lives in London, always takes the bus to go to work.
12. The Indian restaurant _____________ is in Green street is very expensive.
13. Yes, this restaurant is expensive, but the Chef, _____________

is a native Indian, is a

marvelous cook.

14. Who is this man _____________ wife is looking so sad ?
15. Do you see the dog, _____________ is over there?
16. Is this the umbrella _________ you lost ?

17. The man _________ is sitting by the door takes a break.
18. He reminds me of someone _________ I used to know.
19. The children played in the snow _________ had fallen during the night.
20. He is the doctor _________ I will see this afternoon.
21. John is the boy _________ father is a painter.
22. She is the girl _________ I saw at the party last night.
23. The student _________ lent you his book, speaks Italian.
24. The boy to _________ you spoke is my cousin.
25. Marco Polo was a young traveler _________ father was a rich man.
26. This is the painting _________ Mr. Cool showed us last week.
27. The gloves _________ I lost at school yesterday were not my best ones.
28. The doctor _________ she visited is famous.
29. The flowers _________ my boyfriend gave me have died.
30. She doesn't know the person _________ they mentioned.
31. A chef is a person _________ cooks food in a restaurant.


32. He had to deliver a message to a person _________ name was Mrs. Smith.
33. Luckily he had never met the boy _________ had just died.
34. He is famous now for a theory _____ has changed our ideas of time space and universe.
35. Men _________ lead are never good followers.
36. The women _________ I saw in the house, were quiet.
37. The book _________ I had given to him was well-written.
38. The town _________ I saw in Italy were beautiful.
39. The towns _________ I saw in Greece were beautiful.
40. Where's that book _________ was here a moment ago?
41. The soldier _________ son I knew was brave.
42. The woman _________ house was large lived close by.
43. The women _________ I saw in town were quite angry.
44. The women _________ voices were pleasant sang at the concert.

45. Animals _________ run wild in the streets are never fun.
46. The animals _________ I saw in the streets were wild.
47. The woman _________ I praised was happy.
48. The animal _________ I saw was tame.
49. The man _________ I saw was tall.
II. Rewrite as directions :
i. Use a Relative pronoun or a Relative adverb to combine each pairs of the sentences below
1.

A dictionary is a book. It gives you the meaning of words.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.
The man was very kind. I talk to him yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.
Nam is an excellent student. His father’s death made him sad a lot.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.
The children are playing soccer in the stadium. Do you know them?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.
The little boy lost his way. He is crying over there.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6.
Kim Lien is a village. Ho Chi Minh was born and lived there.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………


7.

Ha Noi is an ancient city. Many customs are still on this lovely area.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8.
Vu Quoc Viet is a famous artist. I love his works very much.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9.
Teacher’s Day is a day. All the students show their gratitude to their teacher on that day.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Quynh Dao is a famous writer. Quynh Dao’s works are widely read all over the world.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Sa Pa is a famous city. Many visitors travel to this city for their holiday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Easter is a festival. People will have a lot of fun in this occasion.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. The river is the Saigon river. It flows through Ho Chi Minh city.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Mona was painted by Leonardo De Vinci. It has been popular for long.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. The lady in black is a famous writer. You met her at the party last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. The little boy lost his way. He is crying over there.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Children like to eat ice-cream. It can cause toothache if they have too much everyday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Mr. Quang is a famous chef cook. His food can be enjoyed all over the world.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Mrs. Lien is very smart. I met the son of her on the stage last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Dolphins are sometimes caught and killed in fishing nets. They often swim with other fish.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. The tourists visited China. They went to see the Great Wall and the old Kingdom in Beijing.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. My classmates had so much fun at the carnival. They wanted to go there again.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. A typhoon is a violent tropical storm. It can cause great destruction.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24.
The victims of the club need help. They were half-starved for many days.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. The Southam Chess Club meets weekly on Friday evenings. It has more than 50 members.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. Lan is my classmate. She lives near my parents’ house.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. Ninety per cent of the earthquakes occur around the Pacific Rim. It is known as the Ring of
Fire.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. The weather forecast program take place at 8:oo pm every day. Some people like to watch it.


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. The female mosquito can suck blood and transmit malaria. It can survive in new and different
environments.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. Her book is widely read . It is well- written.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
31. Cuc Phuong is a famous nation park. I came there along time ago.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
32. He is a manager in this factory. You have talked to his mother in the company.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
33. Trinh Cong Son composed songs. They are greatly liked by millions of Vietnamese people.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
34. John Bridge is one of my oldest friends. He has just gone to live in Canada.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
35. The Earth is a planet. It can support life.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
36. The man works in the hospital. I told you about him.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
37. He is a famous doctor inmy neighbor. You have just met his daughter last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
38. Tet is a big occasion. The members of family gather on this occasion.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
39. New York is a famous city. Everybody want to live in this city.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
40. The scientists are making progress. They are researching the causes of cancer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
41. The movie Harry Potter is coming soon. I’m longing to see it.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
42. Then he was caught in the mouth of a white shark. It is one of the most dangerous sea
creatures.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
43. The most beautiful park is opposite my house. It has a lot of big trees.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
44. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
45. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
46. Some people were arrested . They have now been released.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

47. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
48. Peter is studying French and German. He has been abroad.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
49. Chinese people have a very special kind of soup. This kind of soup is made from shark’s fin.


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
50. Many people get sick or die every year. These people eat puffer fish, a very poisonous
species.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………