một số giải pháp nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động của trung tâm học tập cộng đồng góp phần xây dựng xã hội học tập ở nghệ an

MUC LUC
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MdDAU

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Chu^cmg 1: CO SO LY LUAN CUA DE TAX.

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1.1. Tdng quan van de nghien cuu.

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1.1.1. Cac nghien cuu tren the gidi ve TTHTCD.

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1.1.2. Cac nghien cuu d Viet Nam v^ TTHTCD.

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1.2. Cac khai niem ca ban cua de tai.

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1.2.1. Giao due cong dong.

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1.2.2. Trung tam hgc tap cgng ddng.

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1.2.3. Xahgi hgc tap

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1.2.4. Xay dung XHHT.

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1.3. Quan diem cua Dang, Nha nudc va tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve phat trien
cac hinh thuc giao due cgng dong.

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1.3.1. Quan diem cua Dang va Nha nudc ve phat trien cac hinh thuc giao due
cgng dong.

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1.3.2. Tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve phat trien cac hinh thuc giao due cgng dong.
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1.4. Hoat dgng cua cac TTHTCD hien nay.

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1.4.1. Van dt t6 chuc TTHTCD.

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1.4.2. Van de quan ly TTHTCD.

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Chucmg 2: THlTC TRANG HOAT DONG CUA TRUNG TAM HOC
TAP CQNG DONG 6 NGHE AN.
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2.1. Khai quat ve dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te xa hgi va truyen thong lich su,
van hoa ciia Nghe An.

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2.1.1. Dieu kien tu nhien.

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2.1.2. Dieu kien kinh te - xa hgi.

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2.1.3. Truyen thong lich su va van hoa.

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2.2. Thuc trang xay dung TTHTCD d Nghe An.

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2.2.1. Nhan thuc vh TTHTCD d Nghe An.

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2.2.1.1. Nhan thuc cua can bg huyen, xa v8 TTHTCD (nhom 1).

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2.2.1.2. Nhan thuc ciia ngudi dan v^ nhu ciu hoc tap ciia hg d cgng dong
(nhom 2).

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2.2.2. Thuc trang xay dung TTHTCD d Nghe An.

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2.2.2.1. Ket qua dat dugc.

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2.2.2.2. Nguyen nhan thanh cong.

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2.2.2.3. Ton tai, kho khan.

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2.2.2.4. Nguyen nhan ton tai, kho khan.

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2.2.3. Thuc trang hoat dgng ciia Ban quan ly TTHTCD.

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2.2.4. Thuc trang hoat dong cua 5 TTHTCD du kien xay dung mo hinh.
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2.2.5. Vai tro ciia Hoi Khuyen hgc xay dung XHHT va to chuc hoat dgng d
cac TTHTCD.

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2.2.6. Kinh nghiem xay dung va phat trien TTHTCD d tinh Thanh Hoa va Ha
TTnh.
2.2.6.1. Thuc trang xay dung va phat trien TTHTCD d tinh Thanh Hoa.

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2.2.6.2. Thuc trang xay dung va phat trien TTHTCD d tinh Ha TTnh.

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2.2.6.3. Mgt so kinh nghiem ve xay dung, phat trien va hoat dgng cua
TTHTCD d Thanh Hoa va Ha TTnh.

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2.2.7 Thuc trang su dung cac giai phap de nang cao hieu qua hoat dgng cua
TTHTCD gop phan xay dimg xa hoi hgc tap d Nghe An.

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Chuang 3: MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOAT
DONG CUA TTHTCD GOP PHAN XAY DITNG XHHT O NGHE AN.
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3.1. Nhiing nguyen tac trong viec de xuat cac giai phap.
3.1.1. Nguyen tac dam bao tinh muc tieu.

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3.1.2. Nguyen tac dam bao tinh kha thi.

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3.2. Mgt sd giai phap nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua TTHTCD gop phan
xay dung XHHT d Nghe An.

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3.2.1. Giai phap nang cao nhan thuc cho can bo, dang vien va nhan dan ve vai
tro lanh dao cua Dang, quan ly ciia Nha nudc doi vdi TTHTCD.
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3.2.2. Giai phap coi trgng vai tro tham muu va phoi hgp to chuc thuc hien cya
Hgi Khuyen hgc.

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3.2.3. Giai phap lira chgn Ban quan ly TTHTCD.

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3.2.4. Giai phap nang cao nang lire lanh dao cua BQL TTHTCD.

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3.2.5. Giai phap tang cudng su ket hgp giiia cac chuang trinh, du an dua vao
hoat dgng d cac TTHTCD.

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3.2.6. Giai phap dam bao cac dieu kien cho su to chuc, quan ly c6 hieu qua
hoat dgng ciia TTHTCD.

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3.2.7. Giai phap hoan thien ca che hoat dgng va ca che quan ly ciia
TTHTCD.
3.2.7.1. Ca che hoat dgng.

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3.2.7.2. Ca che quan ly.

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3.2.8. To chuc bien soan chuang trinh, ngi dung hgc tap d cac TTHTCD.

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3.3. Ket qua tham do tinh kha thi cua cac giai phap de xuat nham nang cao
hieu qua hoat dgng ciia TTHTCD g6p phan xay dung XHHT d Nghe An.

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KET L U A N VA KHUYEN NGHI.

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MO HINH TTHTCD MAU

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DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO.

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PHU LUC NGHIEN ClTU.

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MO DAU
1. Ly do chon de tai:
Budc vao the ky 21, giao due va dao tao tinh Nghe An ciing nhu giao
due trong ca nudc da thu dugc nhiing thanh qua quan trgng ve md rong quy
mo, nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua, da dang hoa cac hinh thuc giao due va
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nang cap ca sd vat chat cho nha trudng. Trinh do dan tri dugc nang cao. Chat
lugng giao due co chuyen bien budc dau. He thong giao due da dugc da dang
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hoa ve loai hinh, phuang thuc va nguon luc... tirng budc hoa nhap vdi xu the
chung cua giao due cac nudc trong khu vuc va tren the gidi. Tir mgt he thong
chi co cac trudng cong lap va chu yen la loai hinh chinh quy, den nay da co
cac trudng ngoai cong lap, co nhieu loai hinh giao due thudng xuyen, cac
phuang thuc dao tao dap ung nhu can ngudi hpc.
Mac du da dat dugc nhiing thanh tuu nhu vay, nhung nhin chung giao
nd

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due tinh nha van con yeu ve chat lugng, mat can doi ve ca can, hieu qua giao
due chua cao, giao due chua gan bo vdi thuc tien, ... Cac hinh thuc giao due
thudng xuyen, giao due ngoai nha trudng, dac biet cho ngudi lao dong chua
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dugc chu trgng dung muc. Nhin chung chat lugng va hieu qua nang cao dan
tri, dao tao nhan lire va boi dudng nhan tai con thap, chua dap ung dugc nhu
cau ciia dat nudc trong giai doan mdi.
Nguyen nhan ciia nhung yeu kem tren trudc het la do quan diem "gido
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due Id qudc sdch hdng ddu" ciia Dang va Nha nudc chua dugc nhan thuc day
du va thuc su chi dao hanh dgng trong mgt bg phan can bg lanh dao quan ly
cac cap. Giao due van con xem nhu la cong viec rieng ciia nganh giao due;
chua tao ra dugc su lien ket, phoi hgp dong bg giiia cac nganh, cac cap, cac
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luc lugng xa hgi va nganh giao due de cham lo phat trien sir nghiep giao due.
Hien nay, su phat trien manh me cua khoa hgc va cdng nghe, sir phat
trien nang dgng ciia cac nen kinh te, qua trinh hoi nhap va toan cau h6a dang
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dat ra trudc giao due Viet Nam yeu cau rut ngin thdi gian phat trien so vdi
cac nudc di trudc. Yen ciu do ngay cang trd nen cap bach. Giao due phai la
nen tang cua sir phat trien khoa hgc - cong nghe, phat trien nguon nhan lire
dap ung nhu cau cua xa hgi hien dai. Do do, giao due phai doi mdi va phat
trien dap ung nhu cau ngay cang Idn ciia moi tang ldp nhan dan ve hgc tap de
nang cao kien thuc, co them ky nang mdi trong nghe nghiep, hoan thien hon
niia nhimg pham chat va nang luc cin thiit cho thdi ky cong nghiep hoa, hien
dai hoa va hoi nhap quoc te.
Trong giai doan trudc mit, cung vdi viec phat trien he thong giao due
ban dau trong nha trudng chinh quy, cin phai cham lo cho giao due thudng
xuyen nhu la mot hinh thuc huy dong tiem nang ciia cong dong de xay dung
xa hgi hgc tap phu hgp vdi hoan canh va dieu kien ciia ca nhan, tao ca hoi cho

dong dao ngudi lao dgng dugc tiep tuc hpc tap, dugc boi duang kien thuc gop
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phan nang cao dan tri va chat lugng nguon nhan lire, dong thdi dap ung yeu
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cau chuyen ddi nghe nghiep, chuyen doi ca cau kinh te.
Nghi quyet Dai hgi lan thii X ciia Dang da khang dinh:. "Chuyen ddn
mo hinh gido due hien nay sang md hinh gido due md - md hinh xd hgi hgc
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tap v&i he thdng hoc tap sudt dai, ddo tgo lien tuc, lien thdng giUa cdc bac
hoc, ngdnh hoc; xdy dung vd phdt trien he thdng hgc tiip cho mgi ngudi vd
nhimg hinh thdc hgc tap, thuc hdnh linh hoat, dap dng nhu cdu hgc tap
thuang xuyen; tgo nhieu khd ndng, co hgi khdc nhau cho ngudi hgc, bdo ddm
su cong bdng xd hgi trong gido due"
Trung tam hpc tap cgng dong (TTHTCD) dugc thanh lap nhim dap
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ling nhu cau hpc tap cua cong dong, do cong dong va vi cong dong, phuc vu
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viec hpc tap thudng xuyen, hpc tap suot ddi cho mpi ngudi tai cac xa,
phudng, thi tran theo phuang cham trudc mat la "ca« gi hgc ndy\ sau dd
tirng budc nang cao trinh dp ve mpi mat ciia ngudi dan.


6 Nghe An, thdi gian qua da xay dung dugc 476 trung tam la tuong doi
nhanh, hoat dgng da dat dugc mgt ket qua nhat dinh nhung hieu qua chua cao.
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Thuc tien da chiing minh sir can thiet cua viec xay dung va phat tnen cac
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TTHTCD xa, phudng, thi tran de g6p phan phuc vu sir nghiep phat trien kinh
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te - xa hgi va hudng tdi mpt xa hpi hpc tap.
Tuy nhien, doi vdi nudc ta noi chung va Nghe An noi rieng, TTHTCD
la mpt md hinh mdi, chua dugc dinh hinh ro net, qua trinh hoat dpng con
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vudng mac, lung tiing ve nhieu mat nhu to chuc quan ly, chuang trinh, npi
dung hpc tap, ca che chinh sach can thiet de no ton tai va phat trien.
Vi vay, viec de ra cac giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng cua
TTHTCD gop phan xay dung xa hpi hpc tap la het siic can thiet ca trudc mat
va lau dai.
2. Muc dfch nghien ciru cua de tai:
Khao sat dieu tra, danh gia tinh hinh, phan tich nguyen nhan nham tim
ra mpt sd giai phap de nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng cua trung tam hpc tap
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cong dong d xa, phudng, thi tran.
3. Khach the va doi tugng nghien cuu:
3.1. Khach the nghien ciiu:
Hoat dpng ciia TTHTCD hien nay.
3.2. Ddi tugng nghien ciiu:
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Mgt so giai phap nang cao hoat dpng cua TTHTCD dl gop phin xay
dung xa hpi hpc tap d Nghe An.
4. Gia thuyet khoa hoc:
Hoat dpng cua TTHTCD d Nghe An hien nay chua dat dugc chit lugng
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va hieu qua mong muon do nhieu nguyen nhan, nhung trong do co nguyen
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nhan ve nhiing giai phap thieu ca sd khoa hgc va thieu tinh kha thi. Tim dugc
nhiing giai phap thich hgp se co the thao ga nhiing liing tiing hien nay.


5. Nhiem vu va pham vi nghien cihi:
5.1. Nhiem vu nghien ciiu:
5.1.1. Nghien ciiu ca sd ly luan ciia viec xay dung TTHTCD.
5.1.2. Tim hilu thirc trang hoat dgng cua TTHTCD d Nghe An.
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5.1.3. De xuat mpt so giai phap nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng cua
TTHTCD gdp phan xay dung xa hpi hpc tap d Nghe An.

5.2. Pham vi nghien ciiu:
Nghien ciiu mpt so giai phap nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng ciia
TTHTCD dudi goc dp quan ly to chiic hoat dpng, quan ly npi dung chuang
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trinh, phoi hgp cac chuang trinh dir an, quan ly tai chinh, quan ly ca sd vat
chat tren dia ban tinh Nghe An.
6. Phuong phap luan va phuong phap nghien cuu:
6.1. Phuang phap luan:
6.1.1. Phuang phap duy vat bien chiing va duy vat lich sii.
6.1.2. Phuang phap tiep can he thong.
6.2. Phuang phap nghien ciiu:
6.2.1. Nhom phuang phap nghien ciiu ly luan: Phan tich, tong hgp ly
thuyet; khai quat hoa cac nhan dinh dpc lap ...
6.2.2. Nhom phuang phap nghien ciiu thuc tien: Dieu tra; khao sat;
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danh gia thuc tien; tong ket kinh nghiem; lay y kien chuyen gia ...
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6.2.3. Phuang phap thong ke toan hpc de xii ly so lieu.
7. Nhung luan diem can bao ve:
7.1. TTHTCD la mpt loai hinh ciia phuang thiic giao due thudng xuyen
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tai cac dia ban dan cu xa, phudng, thi tran la nai ngudi dan can gi hpc nay,
hpc thudng xuyen va hpc suot ddi.
7.2. Xay dung cac TTHTCD la mpt cupc van dpng each mang to Idn
nham tao ra sir thay doi xa hpi sau sac ve mat giao due nham nang cao dan tri.


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dao tao nhan lire tu do gop phan quan trpng de phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua
dia phuang.
7.3. Nang cao nhan thiic; da dang hoa cac chuang trinh, npi dung, linh
hoat ve hinh thiic hpc tap ... la nhiing yeu to quan trpng nham nang cao hieu
qua hoat dpng ciia TTHTCD gop phan xay dung xa hpi hpc tap d Nghe An.

8. Nhung dong gop mdi:
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- Dong gop ve mat ly luan: De tai nghien ciiu, tong hgp ly thuyet, phan
tich, khai quat hoa cac nhan dinh dgc lap de tir do bo sung ve mat ly luan hoat
dgng ciia TTHTCD va xay dung xa hpi hpc tap.
- Dong gop ve mat thuc tien: Thong qua khao sat thuc tien hoat dpng
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ciia TTHTCD nham ciing co, hoan thien va de ra dugc cac giai phap nang cao
hieu qua hoat dgng cua TTHTCD gop phan xay dung xa hgi hgc tap. In sach
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nhu ten ciia de tai de pho bien rgng rai d cac TTHTCD xa, phudng, thi tran
tren toan tinh. Can bg quan ly cac trung tam hpc tap cong dong dugc tap huan
ve kinh nghiem, nang lire lanh dao, chi dao nang cao chat lugng hoat dgng
cua Trung tam. Mgt so trung tam dugc dau tu kinh phi xay dung mo hinh.
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CHTJONG 1

CO s d LY L U A N CUA DE TAI.
1.1. Tong quan van de nghien cuu:
l.Ll.

Cdc nghien cieu tren the gi&i ve TTHTCD vd qudn ly

TTHTCD:
Khuyen nghi ciia Hgi dong Quoc tl vl giao due cho the ky XXI
(thugc UNESCO): "Giao due dong mgt vai tro co ban trong sir phat triin cua
ca nhan va xa hpi... Ba doi tac dong vai tro quan trpng cho sir thanh cong ciia
cac each giao due la: Trudc het la cong dong dia phuang, nhat la cac bac cha
me, ngudi diing dau cac to chiic xa hpi va cac nha giao; thii hai la chinh
quyen dia phuang; thii ba la cong dong quoc te. Da co nhieu that bai trong
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qua khii, do sir cam ket khong day dii ciia mpt trong nhiing doi tac do. Nhiing
y do cai each giao due ap dat tu cap cao nhat, hoac tu ben ngoai deu khong
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dat dugc ket qua tot dep. Ro rang cgng dong dia phuang bao gid ciing giir vai
tro quan trgng hang dau doi vdi bat ky mgt chien luge cai each nao. Vi vay,
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mpt trong nhimg giai phap quan trpng de phat trien cong dong va de cong
dong tham gia vao qua trinh cai each giao due can thiet phai xay dung va phat
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trien cac ca sd giao due cong dong" [9, 18].
- CJ Nhat Ban, ngudi de xuat ra mo hinh TTHTCD la Giao su Teranaka
Sakuto (GS Trudng Dai hpc Matsumoto), mpt nha cai each giao due Nhat
Ban sau chien tranh the gidi thii 2. Nhat Ban goi TTHTCD la Komikan. Hoat
dpng ciia cac Komikan lien quan sau sac den viec xay dung dat nudc Nhat
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Ban sau chien tranh va trd thanh nen mong viing chac trong viec xay dung
cong dong Nhat Ban ngay nay.
Sd Komikan d Nhat Ban phat trien qua cac nam: 3.534 trung tam (nam
1947), 20.268 trung tam (nam 1950), 19.410 trung tam (nam 1963), 17.562
trung tam (nam 1993), 17.947 trung tam (nam 2002). Nam 2006, d Nhat Ban

CO 18.000 Komikan hoat dpng dudi sir bao trg cua Nha nudc Trung uang va
dia phuang va 76.883 Komikan tu quan.
Viec ho trg kinh phi hoat dpng cho cac Komikan la ket qua ciia viec ra
ddi Dao luat giao due - xa hpi Nhat Ban nam 1949, coi Komikan la mpt bp
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phan ciia he thong giao due ngudi Idn/giao due thudng xuyen.
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Theo bao cao ciia GS Akiko Hurusa, Giam doc trung tam nguon
Komikan ciia thanh pho Matsumoto, thi kinh phi ho trg cho mgt Komikan
nguon (d quan, huyen) thugc thanh pho Matsumoto la 71.340.000 Yen/1 nam
(tuang duong vdi 710.000 USD).
So do he thong quan ly TTHTCD d Nhat Ban
B9 giao duc-Khoa hQcThe thao va Cong nghe

Luat Giao due •- Xa hoi
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Chinh quyen quan/huyen
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Hoi dong giao due quan/huyen

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TTHTCD

TTHTCD

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^v\Yvt\ hoc
C7

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0 Thai Lan, hien nay dang phai doi mat vdi nhiing thay doi Idn ve xa
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hgi, kinh te va chinh tri. Nhimg thay doi d6 anh hudng rat Idn den cugc song
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Ciia nhan dan noi rieng va toan bg dat nudc noi chung. Nhan dan dugc xac
dinh la nhan to quan trpng nhat cho sir phat trien ciia dit nudc va cin phai
dugc trang bi nhung kien thiic va kha nang thiet yeu de thich iing vdi nhiing
thay ddi do. Vi vay, cac ca sd giao due cgng dong thuc sir can thiet de cung
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cap kien thiic va thong tin cho mgi ngudi song trong cgng ddng.

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Hien nay, d Thai Lan khong co cac Sd Giao due va Dao tao ma to chiic
quan ly giao due theo 5 khu vuc hanh chinh. De quan ly cac hoat dgng GDTX
d moi khu vuc hanh chinh co trung tam nguon; d cap huyen co trung tam
GDTX va d cip xa co TTHTCD.
Nam 2006, d Thai Lan co 7 trung tam ngu6n (rieng Thii do Bangkok co
3 trung tam), 858 trung tam GDTX cip huyen va 7.000 TTHTCD cip xa.
Tong bien che cho cac trung tam nay la 10.600 ngudi (rieng so bien che cho 7
trung tam nguon la 400 ngudi). Trung tam nguon co nhiem vu dieu phoi cac
hoat dgng ve tai chinh (phan phoi nguon tai chinh tir ngan sach nha nudc va
cac nguon tai trg nudc ngoai), nhan sir (dieu phoi, can bg quan ly, nhan vien)
cho cac trung tam GDTX va TTHTCD. Trung tam GDTX cip huyen dilu
phoi giao vien, tap huan can bg, ho trg ve hpc lieu cho cac TTHTCD.
Ngan sach Nha nudc danh cho hoat dpng GDTX d Thai Lan khoang 4
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ty Bat/1 nam. Ngoai ra nguon dong gop tir khu vuc tu nhan chiem khoang
10% ngan sach Nha nudc.
Nguyen tic dilu hanh va hoat dpng ciia TTHTCD d Thai Lan nhu sau:
1) TTHTCD la cua dan, do dan va vi dan. Ngudi diing dau trung tam
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phai cd dinh hudng cu the de phat trien trung tam, dam bao de mpi ngudi deu
CO ca hpi hpc tap.
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2) TTHTCD hoat dpng theo ca che md. Mpi ngudi trong cong dong co
the den hpc bat cii liic nao.
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3) TTHTCD phai trd thanh cau noi thong tin giiia mpi ngudi, gan dugc
viec hgc chii vdi viec thuc hanh trong cupc song hang ngay.
4) TTHTCD phai co mang ludi lien ket vdi cac ca sd giao due, vdi cac
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to chiic xa hpi, cac ca sd san xuat va cac chuyen gia tren cac ITnh vuc.
Ve chinh sach quan ly TTHTCD:
1) Su dung TTHTCD nhu mpt cong cu quan trpng de dieu hanh va to
chiic hoat dpng chung ciia cong dong.


2) Sii dung toi da nguon lire va kinh nghiem quan ly cua cong dong.
3) Ket hgp chat che cac chuang trinh giao due vdi truyen thong va nhu

y

F

y

cau thuc te ciia cgng dong.
4) Cho phep mpi ngudi trong cong dong sd hiru va danh gia chat lugng,
hieu qua hoat dpng ciia trung tam.
5) Phan cong it nhit mpt giao vien tham gia quan ly cac chuang trinh
giao due ciia trung tam.
Mo hinh quan ly TTHTCD d Thai Lan
Trung tam nguon
(cap vung)
Trung tam GDTX
cap huyen

- Du an phat trien TTHTCD trong khuon kho Chuang trinh Chau A Thai Binh Duang ve giao due cho mpi ngudi (APPEAL) da trien khai tu nam
F

F

1998, TTHTCD phuc vu cho cac doi tugng ngudi Idn, thanh thieu nien thugc
F

y

mgi doi tugng trong cong dong thong qua cac hoat dpng xoa mu chu va
GDTX. TTHTCD giiip ngudi hpc co dugc lugng thong tin chii yeu va nhiing
kien thiic, ky nang can thiet cho sir phat trien ciia ca nhan, gia dinh va xa hgi.

Din nam 2005, chuang trinh phat triin TTHTCD ciia UNESCO da dugc triin
khai tai 20 quoc gia trong khu vuc.


10
Sau mpt thdi gian thuc hien, cac quoc gia tham gia du an phat trien
TTHTCD da co nhiing danh gia tich cue, coi TTHTCD nhu la mpt co chl co
hieu qua de thue hien xoa mu chu va GDTX. Nhieu quoc gia ciing bao cao ve
1

•\

\

,

y

nhu cau phat trien toan dien eiia cong dong, trong do TTHTCD dong vai tro
quan trpng trong cac hoat dpng giao due, y te, nong nghiep, phat trien cong
dong d nong thon ... De lam dugc viec do, can phai nang cao nang luc cho
can bg quan ly eiia TTHTCD va xay dung moi quan he, lien ket chat che vdi
cac to chiic, ca quan va doanh nghiep dong tren dia ban. Do ciing la muc
dich, muc tieu ciia "Du an xay dung moi lien ket va mang ludi hoat dgng
trong cac TTHTCD" dugc tai trg tu Quy ho trg ciia Nhat Ban va tu ngan sach
ciia UNESCO vdi sir tham gia ciia 6 quoc gia trong khu vuc la Indonesia,
Bangladesh, Trung Quoc, Phillippines va Thai Lan.
UNESCO to chiic Hgi nghi dai biiu cua cac quoc gia trong khu vuc
Chau A - Thai Binh Duong de hgc tap va trao doi kinh nghiem ve to chiic cac
hoat dgng tai cgng dong theo mo hinh Komikan (TTHTCD kieu Nhat Ban).

Hgi nghi to chiic tai thanh pho Matsumoto, Nhat Ban tu 03-08/8/2006.
Tir nhiing nghien ciiu tren ta co the riit ra ket luan: Mo hinh giao due
cong dong thong qua cac TTHTCD dang la xu the pho bien ciia khu vuc, la
F

F

7

ca sd thiet yeu de xay dung XHHT.
1.1.2. Cdc nghien cieu & Viet Nam ve TTHTCD:
Mo hinh TTHTCD lan dau tien dugc gidi thieu d Viet Nam nam 1998.
s

'*'

'

F

F

1

Cac no lire quoc gia cung vdi sir trg giiip quoc te ciia cac to chiic UNESCO
va Hiep hgi quoc gia UNESCO Nhat Ban da chiing minh rang mo hinh
TTHTCD va nhiing ket qua hoat dgng vua qua la phuang tien hiiu hieu mang
lai cac ca hgi hpc tap eho nhiing ngudi thiet thoi. Do vay, mo hinh nay cd thi
dong gop vao qua trinh xoa doi giam ngheo va phat triin cong ddng mpt each
ben viing.

11

Nghien ciiu gin day cho thiy TTHTCD thue sir co tae dpng true tilp va
F

F

F

y

tich cue den chat lugng cugc song ciia ngudi dan. Nhieu ngudi dugc hoi cho
rang sir tu tin va chii dgng ciia ngudi dan cung nhu sir tham gia ciia hp trong
cac hoat dpng ciia cong dong da dugc cai thien.
Din thang 5/2005, ca nudc co 5.384 TTHTCD tren t6ng s6 10.770 xa,
phudng, thi trin (dat ty le tuang duang 50% so xa, phudng, thi tran trong ca
nudc c6 TTHTCD). Dac biet, co 9 tinh/thanh ph6 dat 100% s6 xa, phudng, thi
trin c6 TTHTCD la Thai Binh, Ninh Binh, Phii Thp, Bic Ninh, Nam Dinh,
VTnh Phiic, Da Nlng, Hai Duong va Dong Thap.
Ca nudc hien eo khoang 9.000 TTHTCD, 100% so tinh, thanh pho true
thuoc Trung uang to chiic TTHTCD, han 50% so tinh, thanh da xay dung
dugc 100% so xa phudng co TTHTCD, trong do tren 50% trung tam hoat
y

/

F

dgng kha va tot, 25% trung tam hoat dpng trung binh ... Dang chii y, hau het
y

\

F

cac dia phuang co TTHTCD dang hoat dpng con ngheo. Dau tu ban dau rat
han che. Ca sd vat chat cho hoat dpng cac TTHTCD con thieu thon, thieu
phuang tien quan ly, do dung hpc tap va tai lieu hpc tap.
1.2. Cac khai niem co ban cua de tai:
1.2.1. Gido due cong dong:
y

- Giao due cong dong la phuang thiie giao due do ngudi dan trong cong
X

F

F

f

1

y

dong (xa, phudng, thi tran, thon, ban, khoi pho) to chiic nham dap iing nhu
cau hpc tap ciia hp. Ca sd giao due cong dong thuc hien nhieu chiic nang
khac nhau, trong do quan trpng nhat la chiic nang thong tin tu van, truyen ba,

F

*•

7

F

F

F

y

f

pho cap nhirng npi dung thiet thuc nhat, phu hgp nhat vdi tung loai doi tugng
ngudi hgc, vdi nhiing dieu kien, hoan canh ciia tung dia phuang, tirng cong
dong dan cu.
- Giao due cong dong mang tinh tu nguyen cao, nhung can co sir quan
tam, lanh dao thudng xuyen cua cap iiy Dang, vai tro quan ly ciia chinh
F


12
quyen, co sir phoi hgp chat che ciia cac ban, nganh, doan the ca sd va vdi cac
CO sd giao due chinh quy tai dia phuang.
1.2.2. Trung tdm hpc tap cdng dong:
- TTHTCD la ca sd giao due thudng xuyen dat d cac xa, phudng, thi
tran nam trong he thong giao due quoc dan. Dugc ca quan Nha nudc hudng

dan do chinh quyen dia phuang diing ra thanh lap va quan ly, nham giiip
ngudi dan tiep can, cap nhat nhirng thong tin mdi nhat ve kinh te, ky thuat de
ling dung vao san xuat, kinh doanh gdp phan nang cao chat lugng cupc song
cua ngudi dan va phat trien cong dong thong qua viec tao co hpi hpc tap suot
ddi cho hp. TTHTCD la ca sd giao due ciia dan, do dan quan ly va dieu hanh
dudi su lanh dao ciia Dang va chinh quyen dia phuang.
I

/

F

- TTHTCD la nai ma ngudi dan trong xa, phudng, thi tran co the den
do de hpc chir, hpc tap dudng loi chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nudc, hpc
X

F

I

F

F

I

'

^

-

i

y

v

X

nghe; du cac ldp tap huan ky thuat; nghe pho bien cac kien thiic pho thong ve
khoa hpc va ddi song; dpc sach bao; de nghi can bp Trung tam gop y giai
F

F

F

F

F

quyet mot so kho khan, vudng mac nay sinh trong san xuat va ddi song; tham
gia cac hoat dpng chinh trj, van nghe, the thao, vui chai, giai tri... TTHTCD
7

7

F

F

con la nai cac ban, nganh, doan the td chiic sinh hoat; phoi ket hgp vdi nhau
nham thuc hien thanh cong cac chuang trinh kinh te - van h6a - xa hgi - an
ninh chinh tri d dia phuang.
- TTHTCD la mo hinh giao due mdi d Viet Nam, ngoai nha trudng
7

F

1

dugc to chiic tren cac dia ban xa, phudng, thi tran, tap trung vao viec to chiic
y

F

f

cac hinh thiic hgc tap da dang, theo hudng can gi hgc nay cho nhirng doi
tugng la ngudi lao dpng.
- TTHTCD CO the co nhimg vai tro sau: Xac dinh va giai quyet cac nhu
cau va lgi ich ciia cgng dong thong qua cac hoat dgng ciia minh; huy dgng cac
X

X

^

y

F

F

r

nguon lire cua cong dong; thiet lap moi lien ket va hgp tac chat che va thudng
xuyen vdi cac ban nganh, doan the va cac to chiic phi chinh phii; chi dao danh


13
X

F

t

gia cac hoat dgng nham nit kinh nghiem cho viec lap ke hoach phat trien
tuang lai; thu thap va luu trii ho so, so lieu ve cac hoat dgng cua TTHTCD;
/

X

X

7

huan luyen can bp nham tao tiem lire de hp cong tac co hieu qua han.
- TTHTCD CO bon chiic nang, do la: giao due va dao tao; thong tin va

/

X

•>

F

F

1

F

tu van; phat trien cong dong; lien ket va phoi hgp. De thuc hien bon chiic
nang tren, TTHTCD dua tren nhu cau ciia cong dong va kha nang cho phep,
to chiic cac hoat dpng khac nhau. Noi chung TTHTCD co nhieu hoat dpng.
Co the xep cac hoat dpng do thanh bay loai nhu sau: Xoa mu chii va nang cao
trinh dp van hoa cho nhan dan; hinh thanh va nang cao ky nang lao dpng;
F

F

nang cao chat lugng cugc song; hpc tap theo sd thich; cac dich vu thong tin;
van hoa dia phuang; the due the thao, vui chai giai tri.
1.2.3. Xa hoi hgc tap (XHHT):
. • .

X

X

^

7

Khai niem XHHT lan dau tien xuat hien trong ban bao cao "Hpc de lam
ngudi" trinh UNESCO nam 1972 ciia "Hpi dong quoc te ve phat trien giao
due"
Trong ban bao cao nay, Hpi dong cho rang, hudng ve tuang lai thay
cho eac cupc cai each "tiing mang" nay can phai tu duy lai va tap trung vao
X

F

hai khai niem gan b6 vdi nhau la "Giao due thudng xuyen" va "Xa hpi hpc
tap"
F

Budc vao the ky XXI, xay dung XHHT da trd thanh mpt trao luu ciia
/

^^ t

y

F

F

the gidi. To chiic cac nudc trong Hpi dong kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duong
(APEC) hpp thang 4/2000, Hpi nghi thugng dinh G8 hgp thang 7/2000, diu
c6 ldi keu ggi cac nudc xay dung XHHT tren quan diem hgc tap suot ddi,
dam bao cho cong dan ciia minh dugc trang bi kien thiic, ky nang va tay nghe
can cho the ky mdi.
Theo UNESCO, XHHT co nhiing dac trung noi bat sau day:
X

F

X

F

- Mgi ngudi deu dugc hpc, hpc thudng xuyen, hpc suot ddi.


14

-Toan bp moi trudng xung quanh deu co the tao ra ca hpi hpc tap va
phat huy tai nang ciia moi ngudi.
F

7

^

- Con ngudi dugc tiep nhan trinh do giao due ca ban de hgc tap va tu
hoan thien.
- Nha trudng mang lai cho mpi ngudi long mong muon va sir hao hiing

dugc hgc tap, vdi nang luc "hpc each hpc" va vdi sir to mo tri tue.
- Moi ca nhan deu co the lan lugt lam ngudi day va lam ngudi hgc.
Xa hpi dua tren thanh tim, cap nhat va iing dung tri thiic.
- Ngudi hpc trd thanh nhiing nha nghien ciiu, con ngudi day, day cho
ngudi hpc each danh gia va quan ly nhiing thong tin ma hp dugc cung cap ...
[13,62].
6 Viet Nam, thuat ngii XHHT lan dau tien xuat hien trong Nghi quyet
Dai hgi Dang toan quoc lan thii IX: "Day manh phong trao hgc tap trong nhan
X

dan bang nhirng hinh thiic giao due cho mpi ngudi, ca nude trd thanh mpt xa
hpihpctap".[16, 35].
\

X

r

Gan day khai niem nay lai dugc de cap tdi trong Nghi quyet Hpi nghi
lan thii bay BCHTW khoa IX: "Xay dung phong trao ca nude trd thanh mpt
F

F

r

xa hpi hpc tap, hpc tap suot ddi, trudc het cho can bp, dang vien va the he
tre". [22, 26].
Giao su Tien sy khoa hpc Pham Minh Hac cho ring: "XHHT la mpt
y

F

f

xa hpi mpi ngudi deu lay hpc tap la mpt cong viec thudng xuyen, suot ddi,
hpc trong nha trudng va ngoai nha trudng, chinh quy va khong chinh quy,
X

7

p

/•

nhu la mpt phan khong the thieu dugc ciia ddi minh, lay hgc tap la phuang
phap tiep can (each nhin, each xii ly) ciia cugc song nhim phat triin con
X

'

ngudi ben viing - dpng luc cho toan bp sir tien bp xa hpi"
Giao su Tiin sy Pham Tit Dong cho "XHHT la xa hpi trong do dien
ra qua trinh giao due thudng xuyen, dao tao lien tuc, hpc tap su6t ddi. XHHT
X

X

7

X

r

la tien de ciia viec chuyen tu nen kinh te cong nghiep sang nin kinh tl tri


15
F

">

thiic, va khi kinh te tri thiie co vai tro chinh nhu mpt dpng lire thiic day xa hpi
tien len thi XHHT mdi dich thue la mot xa hpi c6 su hpc tap suot ddi"
Nhu vay, thong qua ly giai cua cac nha khoa hpc ve khai niem XHHT,
X

\

r

chiing toi cho rang: "XHHT ve bdn chdt Id mdt xd hdi md trong dd mgi ngudi
deu dugc hgc, hgc thu&ng xuyen, hgc sudt d&i vd mgi luc lugng xd hdi deu cd
trdch nhiem tgo co hdi hgc tap cho mgi ngudi ddn " Khi noi den XHHT phai
F

F

ehii y den ca hai dac trung quan trpng ciia no, do la "gido due cho mgi ngu&i"
va "mgi ngu&i cho gido due "

1.2.4. Xdy dung xa hoi hgc tap:
Xay dung XHHT la nham hinh thanh mpt xa hpi thirc hien tot sir gan
ket chat che giiia hpc tap ban dau trong cac nha trudng vdi hpc tap suot ddi
ben ngoai nha trudng, giiia giao due vdi phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, mpi ngudi
X

X

F

F

CO nhu cau deu dugc hpc tap thudng xuyen, suot ddi, hpc gan vdi hanh.
Xay dung XHHT d nudc ta da trd thanh mpt nhiem vu chiln luge nhim
thuc hien muc tieu "nang cao dan tri, dao tao nhan lire va boi duang nhan
tai", dap ling nhu cau CNH, HDH dat nudc.
1.3. Quan diem ciia Dang, Nha nudc va tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve
phat trien cac hinh thuc giao due cong dong:
1.3.1. Quan diem cua Ddng vd Nhd nu&c ve phdt trien cdc hinh thiec
gido due cgng dong:
- Nghi quyet Dai hgi Dang lan thii III nam 1960 da chi r5: "Phai dao
X

f

tao va boi duang vdi quy mo Idn nhiing can bp xay dung kinh te va cong
nhan lanh nghe, phuang phap dao tao la vua dao tao tap trung vua dao tao tai
X

I

^

F

chiic. Cdn sie dung rdng rdi cdc hinh thiec hgc budi tdi, ham thu vd md l&p tgi
cdc ca s& sdn xudf
Nghi quyet Dai hpi Dang lan thii IV nam 1976 tilp tuc nhin manh:
"Phai tich cue xay dung he thdng dao tao, boi duang tai chiic vdi nhieu hinh
'

X

X


16

thiic hpc tap bao dam cho mpi ngudi lao dpng deu co the suot ddi tham gia
hpc tap, trau doi nghe nghiep va md rpng kien thiic"
Nghi quyet so 14, nam 1979 ciia Bp Chinh tri ve cai each giao due da
eu the hda them: "He thong mang ludi trudng, ldp tai chiic phai dugc to chiic
rpng khap, bao gdm nhieu hinh thiec hgc tap linh hogt, thuan tien cho nguai
F

F

y

f

f

X

hoc. He thong do phai gan lien vdi he thong dao tao tap trung nhung co to
chiic va ngudi phu trach rieng"
Nghi quyet Trung uong 4 khoa VII da khang dinh: "Cdnphdi thuc hien
mdt nen gido due thu&ng xuyen cho mgi ngu&i, xdc dinh hgc tap sudt d&i Id
quyen hi vd trdch nhiem ciia mdi cdng ddn. Ddi m&i gido due bd tuc vd ddo
tgo tgi chuc, khuyen khich phdt trien cdc logi hinh gido due ddo tgo khdng
F

chinh quy, khuyen khich tu hgc "
F

^ ^

^ ^

7

Nghi quyet Trung uang 2 khoa VIII da khang dinh muc tieu: "md rpng
cac hinh thiic hpc tap thudng xuyen, dac biet la hinh thiic hpc tu xa. Quan tam
dao tao va dao tao lai can bp quan ly, ky thuat, nghiep vu va cong nhan cac
doanh nghiep ... Tang cudng dao tao va boi dudng can bp lanh dao, can bp
quan ly cac cap, cac nganh" "Cd hinh thiec tru&ng, lcrp thich hgp nhdm dao
F

X

F

tgo, bdi duang cdn bd chu chdt xudt thdn tic cdng ndng vd lao ddng uu tu, con
em cdc gia dinh thugc dien chinh sdch "
Nghi quyet Trung uang 3 khoa VIII da xac dinh nhiem vu cap bach
trong giai doan hien nay la: "Cd bien phdp thuc hien tdt cdc chu truang ve
xdy dung ddi ngu. cdn bd, cdng chiec dd neu trong Nghi quyet TW8 (khda VII)
vd cdc diem bd sung sau day: Cdn bd lanh dgo phdi dugc ddo tgo, bdi duang
kien thiec todn dien, tru&c het ve du&ng ldi chinh tri, ve qudn ly nhd nudc,
F

'

^

X

qudn ly kinh te - xd hdi; duac bd tri, dieu ddng theo nhu cdu vd lai ich cua
F

ddt nu&c... "
Bao cao chinh tri tai Dai hpi Dang lan thii IX da chi ra, cin phai phat
huy nguon lire tri tue va siic manh tinh than ciia ngudi Viet Nam; coi phat


17

trien giao due - dao tao, khoa hpc - cong nghe la nen tang va dpng luc cua su
F

F

X

X

nghiep cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa dat nudc, la quoc sach hang dau. De
F

y

1

cao ndng luc tu hgc, tu hoan thien hgc vdn vd tay nghe, day mgnh phong trao
hgc tap trong nhdn ddn bdng nhimg hinh thiec gido due chinh quy vd gido due
khdng chinh quy; thuc hien gido due cho mgi ngu&i, cd nu&c tr& thdnh xd hdi
hgc tap"' [16,35].
Kit luan ciia Hpi nghi Trung uong lan thii 6 (khoa IX) chi ro: "Thuc
_

^

7

hien chuang trinh giao due cho mpi ngudi. Tiep tuc day manh da dang hoa
cac loai hinh trudng ldp, hoan thien mo hinh cac loai hinh trudng hpc phii hgp
X

F

F

y

vdi hoan canh nudc ta nham tao ca hpi hpc tap tot nhat cho mpi tang ldp nhan
dan CO nhu cau... Phat trien giao due khong chinh quy, cdc hinh thuc hgc tap
\

F

y

F

F

F

cdng ddng & cdc xd, phu&ng gdn v&i nhu cdu thuc te d&i sdng kinh te - xd hdi,
X

7

F

tgo dieu kien thuan lgi cho mgi ngu&i cd the hgc tidp sudt d&i, hu&ng t&i xd
hgi hgc tap'" [21, 136].
Hpi nghi Trung uong Dang lan thii 7 (khoa IX) chii truang tien hanh
cupc van dpng "todn ddn xdy dung phong trao cd nu&c tr& thdnh mdt xd hdi

hgc tap, hgc tap sudt d&i"
F

Nghi quyet Hpi nghi Trung uang lan thii 9 (kh6a IX) khang dinh "Day
manh xa hpi hoa giao due, xay dung xa hpi hpc tap"
F

F

X

Van kien Dai hpi X ciia Dang da chi ro: "Phdn ddu xdy dung nen gido
due hien dgi, ciia ddn, do ddn vd vl ddn, bdo ddm cdng bdng ve ca hdi hgc tap
cho mgi ngu&i, tgo dieu kien de todn xd hdi hgc tap vd hgc t(2p sudt d&i, dap
ung yeu cdu cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda ddt nu&c "
y

F

•>

X

F

Chi thi so 11 - CT/TW ngay 13 thang 4 nam 2007 "ve tang cudng su
F

r

F

lanh dao ciia Dang doi vdi cong tac khuyen hpc, khuyen tai, xSy dung xa hpi
hpc tap ciia Bp Chinh tri (khoa X) neu ro: Quan triet nghi quyet Dai hgi dai
1

F

y

X

7

X

bieu toan qudc lan thii X ciia Dang ve "chuyen dan mo hinh giao due hien nay
sang mo hinh giao due md - mo hinh xa hgi hgc tap" va tu tudng Ho Chi


18

Minh ve hgc tap suot ddi, nham nang cao dan tri, phat trien nguon nhan luc,
dao tao nhan tai, phuc vu sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc,
nhat la trong boi canh nudc ta hpi nhap ngay cang sau rpng vao nen kinh te
the gidi, Bp Chinh tri yeu cau cac cap uy dang tang cudng sir lanh dao, chi
dao cong tac khuyen hpc, khuyen tai, xay dung xa hpi hpc tap trong thdi gian
F

tdi, tap trung thuc hien mpt so npi dung ca ban sau day:

Day manh cong tac tuyen truyen, giao due trong Dang va nhan dan vdi
nhieu hinh thirc phong phii, thiet thuc de nhan thiic ro ve sir can thiet, tam
quan trpng cua viec xay dimg xa hpi hpc tap d nudc ta hien nay; xac dinh xay
dung xa hpi hpc tap la nhiem vu cua toan Dang, toan dan, la muc tieu co ban
trong chien luge chan hung va phat trien giao due ciia nudc ta.
Cu thi hoa cac muc tieu, nhiem vu, giai phap xay dung xa hpi hpc tap
trong pham vi timg dia phuong, don vj. Md rpng va nang cao chat lugng cac
phong trao khuyin hpc, khuyin tai, gop phan ho trg cac ca sd giao due trong
giang day va hgc tap; xay dung gia dinh hieu hpc; cong dong, dong hp, ca
quan, doanh nghiep, don vi khuyen hpc.
^

7

^

Tiep tuc day manh xay dung cac trung tam hpc tap cong dong d xa,
A

7

X

•*

phudng, thi tran; phat trien nhieu loai hinh hpc tap da dang, phii hgp vdi dieu
kien va nhu cau hgc tap ciia can bg, nhan dan tirng dia phuang, dan vi. Chu
7

7

F

X

trgng va kip thdi phat hien, co chinh sach cu the de boi duang nhan tai, nhat
la tai nang tre tren cac ITnh vuc.
X

Van dgng nhan dan tich cue hpc tap nang cao dan tri, nghe nghiep,
chuyen mon nham tang nang luc san xuat, chat lugng cdng viec, chat lugng
X

F

F

F

7

F

/•

F

,

F

cugc song. Gan viec phat trien phong trao khuyen hgc, khuyen tai vdi xay
dung moi trudng giao due lanh manh, hgc di doi vdi hanh, vdi phong trao lam
kinh te gioi, xoa doi giam ngheo va xay dung ddi song van hoa d ca sd...
Chiln luge phat triin giao due 2001 2010 dugc Thu tudng Chinh phii
phe duyet (12 2001) da chi ro quan dilm: "Giao due la sir nghiep ciia Dang,


19
X

Nha nudc va ciia toan dan; xay dung xa hpi hpc tap; tao dieu kien cho mpi
ngudi, d mpi lu:a tuoi, mpi trinh dp dugc hgc tap thudng xuyen, suot ddi"
Quyit dinh so 112/2005/QD-TTg ngay 18/5/2005 ciia Thu tudng Chinh
X

X

phii ve viec phe duyet De an "Xay dimg xa hpi hpc tap giai doan 2005 2010" xac dinh: "Xdy dung cd nu&c tr& thdnh mgt xd hdi hgc t<2p v&i tieu chi
ca bdn Id tgo ca hdi vd dieu kien thudn lgi de mgi ngu&i & mgi lua tudi, mpi
trinh do dugc hgc tap thu&ng xuyen, hgc lien tuc, hgc sudt d&i & mgi nai, mgi
luc, mgi cdp, mgi trinh do; huy dgng sue mgnh tdng hgp cua todn xd hdi tham
F

1

7

7

y

gia xdy dung vd phdt trien gido due; mgi ngu&i, mgi td chiec deu cd trdch
nhiem, nghia vu trong hgc tap vd tham gia tich cue "xdy dung xd hdi hgc
X

tap " "Xay dung ca nudc trd thanh mpt xa hpi hpc tap dugc dua tren nen tang
,

•>

F

•*

F

F

,

phat tnen dong thdi, gan ket, lien thong cua hai bg phan cau thanh: giao due
chinh quy va giao due thudng xuyen cua he thong giao due quoc dan, trong
do giao due thudng xuyen thirc hien cac chuang trinh hgc tap nham tao cac
^

^

\

F

X

F

f

X

•

dieu kien tot nhat dap iing mgi yeu cau hgc tap suot ddi, hpc tap lien tuc cua
X

X

7

mpi ngudi cong dan se la bp phan c6 chiic nang quan trpng, lam tien de de
7

X

xay dung xa hpi hpc tap" "Phdt trien ben vieng vd nhdn rdng md hinh trung
tdm hgc tap cgng ddng tren cdc dia bdn xd, phu&ng, thi trdn trong cd nu&c
nhdm thuc hien cdc chuang trinh xda mu chii, gido due tiep tuc sau khi biet
X

chir vd cdc chuang trinh gido due ddp ung yeu cdu cua ngu&i hgc trong cdng

X

'

'

_»

•

7

X

ddng ddn cu. Tren ca s& tdng kit, ddnh gid, rut kinh nghiem, chi dgo diem ve
•y

md hinh trung tdm hgc tap cgng ddng hien cd; xdy dung vd ban hdnh quy
dinh ve muc tieu, ndi dung, hinh thiec td chuc, ca che hogt dgng cua md hinh
7

nay de nhdn rdng tren phgm vi cd nudc "
Luat Giao due nam 2005, tai khoan 1 Dieu 4 quy dinh: "He thong giao
due quoc dan bao gom giao due chinh quy va giao due thudng xuyen" Dieu
44 quy djnh: "Gido due thu&ng xuyen giiip mgi ngu&i vita ldm viea hgc, hgc
F

\

7

F

lien tuc, hgc sudt d&i nhdm hoan thien nhdn cdch, m& rdng hieu biet, ndng


20

cao trinh do hgc vdn, chuyen mdn, nghiep vu de cdi thien chdt lugng cugc
sdng, tim viec ldm, tu tgo viec ldm vd thich nghi v&i d&i sdng xd hdi"
- d Nghe An, trong Van kien Dai hpi dai biiu Dang bp tinh lan thir XV
nhan manh: "Phdt huy truyen thdng hieu hgc cua con ngu&i Xu Nghe, cung
cd vd m& rgng cdc hdi khuyen hgc tic tinh, huyen den phu&ng xd. Tren ca sa
dd phdt ddng phong trao tu hgc ndng cao kien thiec hinh thdnh xd hdi hgc tgp
ddp img yeu cdu cua su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda thich ung vai
su nhdy vgt cua khoa hgc cdng nghe " [18, 63].
Van kien Dai hpi dai biiu Dang bp tinh iin thir XVI khing dinh: "Diy
manh xa hpi hoa sir nghiep giao due - dao tao va day nghe. Md rpng va da
dang hoa cac loai hinh hpc tap, dao tao. Phat trien va nang cao chat lugng
hoat dgng cua Hgi Khuyin hpc, co chinh sach bieu duong, ton vinh nhiing
tim guang hilu hpc, hpc gioi, nhiing gia dinh, dong hp, lang xom, co quan,
don vi lam tot cong tac khuyen hpc. Phdt trien cdc trung tdm' hgc tap cdng
dong & tdt cd cdc xd, phu&ng, thi trdn de ddy mgnh viec gido due phdp lugt,
gido due trdch nhiem, nghia vu cdng ddn, dgy nghe, khuyen cdng, khuyen
ndng, khuyen ldm, khuyen ngu, tu vdn phdp ly, gia dinh ... tgo ca hdi de mgi
ngu&i cd dieu kien hgc tap, hinh thdnh xd hdi hgc tap dap img yeu cdu tiep
tuc phdt trien kinh te tri thiec vd tieng budc thich ieng v&i phdt trien cua nen
kinh te sdng tgo ".[19, 53].
Ngay 23/02/2004, Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy ban hanh Chi thi so 20X

7

______

CT/TU "ve viec tang cudng lanh dao xay dung va phat trien cac TTHTCD xa,
phudng, thi tran" da khang dinh: "Thuc tien phat trien kinh te
\

F

7

xa hpi dat ra
f

sir can thiet phai xay dung va phat trien cac TTHTCD xa, phudng, thi tran
hudng tdi mpt xa hpi hpc tap" De day nhanh toe dp va hieu qua cua viec xay
dung, cung co va phat trien cac TTHTCD d co sd, Chi thi yeu cau cac cap uy
dang, chinh quyen va cac doan the nhan dan thuc hien tot mpt so npi dung
sau:


21
F

1) UBND tinh chi dao Sd Giao due va Dao tao ciing vdi Hpi Khuyen
hpc va cac nganh lien quan xay dung D I an phat triin TTHTCD, xac djnh
^

X

/

muc tieu, nguon lire, ca che van hanh, 16 trinh thuc hien, tao lap hanh lang
phap ly de cac dja phuang thuc hien. Co ke hoach va bien phap ho trg budc
7

X

r

>>*

'

_____

dau cac TTHTCD. Ciing co va phat huy hieu qua cac TTHTCD hien co, tir do
F

7

da day nhanh viec thanh lap mdi cac TTHTCD d xa, phudng, thj tran ...
2) Cac huyen, thanh, thj uy can quan tam chi dao viec thanh lap eac
TTHTCD d cac xa, phudng, thj tran, kiem tra nam chac tinh hinh hoat dgng,
kjp thdi lanh dao thao ga kho khan vudng mac ban dau cua cac trung tam nay
7

r

X

F

de phuc vu nhu cau hpc tap nang cao kien thiic cua nhan dan ngay cang tot
han. Cap iiy dang ca sd phai to chiic nghien cim, nam bat nhu cau hpc tap cua
/

F

7

F

y

F

/

7

nhan dan, ban bac dan chii, ra nghj quyet chi dao UBND ciing cap trien khai
thuc hien.
F

I

F

7

7

3) Cac cap, cac nganh. Mat tran To quoc va cac doan the nhan dan trien
khai cong tac tuyen truyen, giao due lam cho can bp, dang vien, nhan dan
nhan thiic ro vai tro quan trpng ciia TTHTCD doi vdi viec nang cao dan tri,
X

7

boi duang nhan lire d ca sd. Dpng vien mpi to chirc va ca nhan nhiet tinh
dong gop, tham gia xay dimg va to chiic hoat dpng cua TTHTCD.
F

4) Sd Giao due va Dao tao chii tri phoi hgp vdi cac nganh lien quan
bien soan tai lieu va chuan bj dgi ngii bao cao vien de giiip cac TTHTCD
F

F

F

nang cao chat lugng hoat dgng. Hgi Khuyen hpc cac cap van dpng nhan dan
tich cue tham gia xay dung TTHTCD va thudng xuyen ph6i hgp vdi cac
7

X

X

trung tam chuan bj cac chuyen de phu hgp vdi nhu cau ngudi hpc d timg co
sd...
Chi thj s6 22/CT-UB ngay 21/07/2003 cua UBND tinh "vl viec diy
F

1

manh phong trao khuyen hpc trong sir nghiep phat trien giao due" da neu:
"Day manh phong trao khuyen hpc; xay dung TTHTCD d xa, phudng, thj
7

F


22

tran lam ca sd xay dung xa hpi hpc tap nhim dap img yeu cau ciia sir nghiep
cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa que huong, dat nudc"
Ngay 01/07/2004, UBND tinh da ban hanh Quyit djnh so
2434/QD.UB-VX vl viec phe duyet Be an "Xay dung va phat triin TTHTCD
gop phan phuc vu sir nghiep phat trien kinh tl - xa hpi va hudng tdi xa hgi
hpc tap d tinh Nghe An (giai doan 2004 2010)"
Quyet djnh s6 4254/QD.UBND.VX ngay 09/11 2006 cua UBND tinh
ve viec phe duyet "Ke hoach xay dung xa hpi hpc tap" d Nghe An giai doan
2006 2010 da khing djnh: "Cung co, nang cip cac trung tam GDTX tinh va
huyen. Phin diu din nam 2010 co 100% s6 xa, phudng, thj tran xay dung
dugc TTHTCD. Cac TTHTCD di vao hoat dpng co hieu qua, dap img nhu
cau hpc tap cua nhan dan"
1.3.2. Tu tu&ng Ho Chi Minh ve phdt trien cdc hinh thiec gido due

cgng dong:
Ngay tir khi mdi thanh lap Nudc Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa, Chu
tjch Ho Chi Minh da quan tam den van de "giao due eho mpi ngudi" va "mpi
ngudi cho giao due" Trong phien hpp dau tien (ngay 03/9/1945) cua Chinh
phu, Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh da khang djnh: "Mpt dan toe dot la mot dan toe
yeu. Vi vay toi de nghj md mpt chien djch de chong nan mu. chir" [11, 8].
Ngudi dat ra 3 nhiem vu each mang trudc mat cua Chinh phu la: Chong nan
/

F

F

doi, nan that hpc, nan ngoai xam va coi chong giac dot ciing quan trpng nhu
chong giac doi va giac ngoai xam.
Bdi vay, ehi 6 ngay sau khi dpc Ban "Tuyen ngdn dpc lap", ngay
08 9/1945, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da ky ban hanh ba sac lenh ve chdng nan
that hpc:
Sac lenh so 17 ve viec thanh lap Nha Binh dan hpc vu trong toan nudc
\'iet Nam de trong nom viec hpc tap cua dan chiing.