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The Hindu culture celebrates marriage as a pure and pristine rite enabling two individuals
start their journey of life together. It puts emphasis on the values of happiness, harmony and
growth and could be traced back from the Vedic times.
Months before the wedding ceremony, an engagement is held which is called “magni”. The
couple is blessed here with gifts, jewelry and clothes. Another important ritual is the “mehendi”
which is a paste made from the leaves of henna plant. It is the traditional art of adorning the
hands and the feet of the bride with mehendi and the name of the groom is also hidden in the
design.
On the day of marriage, the couple exchanges garlands as a gesture of acceptance of one
another and a pledge to respect one another as partners which is known as «jaimala». This is
followed by «jaimala», where the father of the bride places her hand in the groom’s hand
requesting him to accept her as an equal partner.
Another ritual is the «havan» in which the couple invokes Agni, the god of Fire, to witness
their commitment to each other. Crushed sandalwood, herbs, sugar rice and oil are offered to the
ceremonial fire. The “gath bandhan” takes place where scarves of the bride and groom are tied
together symbolizing their eternal bond. This signifies their pledge before God to love each other
and remain loyal. The couple then takes four “mangal pheras” or walk around the ceremonial
fire, representing four goals in life: “Dharma”, religious and moral duties; “Artha”, prosperity;
“Kama” earthly pleasures; “Moksha”, spiritual salvation.
The couple also takes seven steps together to begin their journey, called the “saptapardi”.
Then the ritual of “sindoor” takes place where the groom applies a small dot of vermilion, a red
powder to the bride’s forehead and welcomes her as his partner for life. This signifies the
completion of the marriage. The parents of the bride and the groom then give their blessings,
“ashirwad” to the newly wed couple as they touch the feet of their parents.
Question 1: What might be the most suitable title for this reading passage?
A. The Hindu culture

B. The Hindu religion

C. The Hindu wedding

D. The Hindu tradition

Question 2: What does the word “magni” stand for?
A. the wedding
B. the paste made from the leave of one another
C. the engagement
D. the gesture of acceptance oi one another
Question 3: What do the Hindu people think about marriage?
A. It is entirely a spiritual traditional ritual allowing two individuals to live together


B. It is a belief in the growth of a family newly formed by two individuals
C. It is a wish of happiness and harmony to come to two individuals
D. It is just a living-together announcement of two individuals
Question 4: What can the word adorning be best replaced by?
A. decorating

B. painting

C. repairing

D. dying

Question 5: What can the word invokes be best replaced by?
A. tells

B. says

C. prays

D. talks

Question 6: Why does the couple exchange garlands?
A. to do a ritual
B. to show both their acceptance of and the swear to respect the partner
C. to express their acceptance of one another and a wish of happiness
D. to express their vow to respect each other for the whole life
Question 7: When is the wedding ceremony completed?
A. When the parents ot the bride and the groom give their blessings to the couple
B. When the couple touches their parents’ feet
C. When the couple makes seven steps together
D. When the groom applies a small dot of vermillion of the brides forehead

It is hard to think of a world without gas or electricity. Both are commonly used for lighting
and heating today. We now can instantly flick a lighter or strike a match to make a flame. But it
was not long ago that there were no such things as matches or lighters. To make fire, it was
necessary to strike a piece of iron on flint for sparks to ignite some tinder. If the tinder was
damp, or the flint old, you had to borrow some fire from a neighbor.
We do not know exactly when or how people first used fire. Perhaps, many ages ago, they
found that sticks would burn if they were dropped into some hole where melted lava from a
volcano lay boiling. They brought the lighted sticks back to make their fire in a cave. Or, they
may have seen trees catch fire through being struck by lightning, and used the trees to start their
own fires.


Gradually people learned they could start a fire without traveling far to find flames. They
rubbed two pieces ot wood together. This method was used for thousands of years.
When people became used to making fires with which to cook food and stay warm at night,
they found that certain resins or gums from trees burnt longer and brighter. They melted resins

and dipped branches in the liquid to make torches that lit their homes at night. Iron stands in
which torches used to be fixed can still be seen in old buildings of Europe.
There was no lighting in city streets until gas lamps, and then electric lamps were installed.
Boys ran about London at night carrying torches of burning material. They were called torch
boys, or link boys, and earned a living by guiding visitors to friends’ houses at night.
For centuries homes were lit by candles until oil was found. Even then, oil lamps were no
more effective than a cluster of candles. We read about the splendors and marvels of ancient
palaces and castles, but we forget that they must have been gloomy and murky places at night.
Question 8: What does “they” refer to?
A. people

B. ages

C. sticks

D. trees

Question 9: According to the passage the first fire used by people was probably obtained
_______.
A. from the suns heat through glass

B. by rubbing wood together

C. from heat or fire caused by nature

D. by striking iron against flint

Question 10: It is stated in the passage that torches for lighting were made from ______.
A. the wood of gum trees

B. iron bars dipped in melted resins

C. wooden poles dipped in oil

D. tree branches dipped in melted resins

Question 11: It is mentioned in the passage that before the electric lamp was invented,
________.
A. oil lamps and then candles were used
B. candles and oil lamps appeared about the same time
C. candles and then oil lamps were used
D. people did not use any form of lighting in their houses
Question 12: The word “splendors” in the passage could be best replaced by which of the
following?
A. expensive object

B. places of scenic beauty

C. achievements

D. the beautiful and impressive features

Question 13: According to the passage, which of the following sentence is NOT true?


A. We know exactly when and how people first used fire
B. Before gas lamps and electric lamps appeared, streets were lit by torches
C. We can make a fire by striking a piece of iron on flint to ignite some tinder
D. Matches and lighters were invented not long ago
Question 14: The word “gloomy” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A. nearly dark

B. badly decorated

C. containing a lot of white

D. mysterious

Question 15: What form of street lighting was used in London when link boys used to work
there?
A. Gas lighting

B. No lighting at all

C. Electric lighting

D. Oil lighting

The rules of etiquette in American restaurants depend upon a number of factors the physical
location of the restaurant, e.g., rural or urban; the type of restaurant, e.g., informal or formal; and
certain standards that are more universal. In other words, some standards of etiquette vary
significantly while other standards apply almost anywhere. Learning the proper etiquette in a
particular type of restaurant in a particular area may sometimes require instruction, but more
commonly it simply requires sensitivity and experience. For example, while it is acceptable to
read a magazine in a coffee shop, it is inappropriate to do the same in a more luxurious setting.
And, if you are eating in a very rustic setting, it may be fine to tuck your napkin into your shirt,
but if you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant this behavior would demonstrate a lack of
manners. It is safe to say, however, that in virtually every restaurant it is unacceptable to
indiscriminately throw your food on the floor. The conclusion we can most likely draw from
the above is that while the types and locations of restaurants determine etiquette appropriate to

them, some rules apply to all restaurants
Question 16: What topic is this passage primarily concerned?
A. Instruction in proper etiquette
B. Rules of etiquette
C. Variable and universal standards of etiquette
D. The importance of good manners
Question 17: According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette?
A. reading a magazine at a coffee shop

B. not throwing food on the floor

C. eating in rustic settings

D. eating in rustic settings

Question 18: What does the word “it” refer to?
A. learning the proper etiquette

B. clear instruction


C. knowing the type of restaurant

D. sensitivity

Question 19: Which of the following words is most similar to the meaning of “rustic”?
A. urban

B. unsophisticated

C. agricultural

D. ancient

Question 20: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “tuck”?
A. set

B. put

C. fold

D. hold

Question 21: The word “indiscriminately” could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. random

B. angrily

C. noisily

D. destructively

Question 22: The author uses the word “draw” in line 16 to mean
A. pick out

B. drag away

C. evoke

D. infer

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real
than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to
language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at
least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been
human beings.
When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly.
Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk
well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or
mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other
hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of
society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems
never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only
imperfectly.
To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One
advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that
any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized
Question 23: We sometimes think of writing as more real than speech because __________.
A. writing is secondary to language


B. human beings have been writing for at least 5000 years
C. it has become very important in our culture
D. people have been writing since there have been human beings
Question 24: The author of the passage argues that ________.
A. speech is more basic to language than writing
B. writing has become too important in today’s society
C. everyone who learns to speak must learn to write
D. all languages should have a written form
Question 25: According to the passage, writing ________.

A. is represented perfectly by speech

B. represents-speech, but not perfectly

C. developed from imperfect speech

D. is imperfect, but less so than speech

Question 26: Normal human beings
A. learn to talk after learning to write

B. learn to write before learning to talk

C. learn to write and to talk at the same time

D. learn to talk before learning to write

Question 27: Learning to write is __________.
A. easy

B. quick

C. not easy

D. very easy

Question 28: In order to show that learning to write requires effort, the author gives the example
of __________.
A. people who learn the rudiments of speech
B. severely handicapped children

C. intelligent people who couldn’t write
D. people who speak many languages
Question 29: In the author’s judgment __________.
A. writing has more advantages than speech
B. writing is more real than speech
C. speech conveys ideas less accurately than writing does
D. speech is essential but writing has important benefits
Question 30: The word “advantage” in the last paragraph most closely means
A. “rudiments”

B. “skill”

C. “domination”

D. “benefit”


FAMILY LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES
Family life in the United States is changing. Fifty or sixty years ago, the wife was called a
“housewife”. She cleaned, cooked, and cared for the children. The husband earned the money for
the family. He was usually out working all day. He came home tired in the evening, so he did not
do much housework. And he did not see the children very much, except on weekends.
These days, however, more and more women work outside the home. They cannot stay with
the children all day. They, too, come home tired in the evening. They do not want to spend the
evening cooking dinner and cleaning up. They do not have time to clean the house and do the
laundry. So who is going to do the housework now? Who is going to take care of the children?
Many families solve the problem of housework by sharing it. In these families, the husband
and wife agree to do different jobs around the house, or they take turns doing each job. For
example, the husband always cooks dinner and the wife always does the laundry. Or the wife
cooks dinner on some nights and the husband cooks dinner on other nights.

Then there is the question of the children. In the past, many families got help with child care
from grandparents. Now families usually do not live near their relatives. The grandparents are
often too far away to help in a regular way. More often, parents have to pay for child care help.
Ihe help may be a babysitter or a day-care center. The problem with this kind of help is the high
cost. It is possible only for couples with jobs that pay well.
Parents may get another kind of help form the companies they work for. Many companies
now let people with children work part-time. That way, parents can spend more time with their
children. Some husbands may even stop working for a while to stay with the children. For these
men there is a new word: they are called “househusbands”. In the USA more and more men are
becoming househusbands every year.
These changes in the home mean changes in the family. Fathers can learn to understand their
children better, and the children can get to know their fathers better. Husbands and wives may
also find changes in their marriage. They, too, may have a better understanding of each other.
Question 31: Sixty years ago, most women________.
A. went out to work

B. had no children

C. did not do much housework

D. were housewives

Question 32: Nowadays, there are __________.
A. more women going out to work than before.
B. more and more women staying with the children all day.
C. more work outside the home than before.
D. more housewives than before.
Question 33: The word “laundry” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____________

A. tidying up

B. cooking and washing the dishes

C. washing and ironing

D. shopping

Question 34: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that__________.
A. couples with low-paid jobs can’t afford the cost of a babysitter or a day-care center.
B. grandparents can help care the children in a regular way.
C. all couples with jobs can pay for help from a babysitter or a day-care center.
D. in the past, grandparents did not help the couples with child care.
Question 35: The word “they" in paragraph 5 refers to_________.
A. husbands who stop working to stay with the children
B. fathers who spend more time with their children
C. parents who work part-time
D. children who spend more time with fathers than mothers
Question 36: The changes in the American home mentioned in this passage may __________.
A. help families

B. not happen

C. cause problems for a marriage

D. not change the children at all

Question 37: This article is about__________.
A. American men as househusbands
B. housewives in America

C. how more American women are working
D. how family life in America is changing

One of the most interesting authors of the twentieth century, J.R.R Tolkien, achieved fame
through his highly inventive trilogy, The Lord of the Rings. Born in 1892, Tolkien received his


education from Oxford and then served in World War I. After the war, he became a professor of
Anglo -Saxon and English language and literature at Oxford University.
Although published in 1965, the three books that comprise the Lord of the Rings were written in
intervals from 1936 to 1949. This was mainly due to Tolkien’s responsibilities as a professor and the
outbreak of World War II. By the late 1960s, this fascinating trilogy had become a sociological
phenomenon as young people intently studied the mythology and legends created by Tolkien.
The trilogy is remarkable not only for its highly developed account of historical fiction but also
its success as a modern heroic epic. The main plot describes the struggle between good and evil
kingdom as they try to acquire a magic ring that has the power to rule the world. The novels, which
are set in a time called Middle Earth, describe a detailed fantasy world. Established before humans
populated the Earth, Middle Earth was inhabited by good and evil creatures such as hobbits, elves,
monsters, wizards, and some humans. The characters and the setting of Middle Earth were modeled
after mythological stories from Greece and Northern Europe.
Although readers have scrutinized the texts for inner meaning and have tried to connect the
trilogy with Tolkien’s real life experiences in England during World War II, he denied the
connection. He claims that the story began in his years as an undergraduate student and grew out of
his desire to create mythology and legends about elves and their language.
Tolkien was a masterful fantasy novelist who used his extensive knowledge of folklore to create
a body of work that is still read and enjoyed throughout the world today
Question 38: What can we assume is NOT true about Middle Earth?
A. Middle Earth was based on European folktales
B. Middle Earth was a fictional world
C. The good and evil kingdom fought for the power

D. People dominated Middle Earth
Question 39: The word “scrutinized” in the fourth paragraph could be replaced by
A. examined

B. denied

C. enjoyed

D. criticized

Question 40: What does this passage mainly discuss?
A.

B.

C.

D.

Question 41: According to the passage, when did “the Lord of the Rings” trilogy become
popular with young people?
A. In the late 1960s

B. After World War II

C. In 1892

D. Between 1936 and 1946

Question 42: When did Tolkien begin to create this trilogy?

A. When he was a student

B. During World War I

C. When he was a professor

D. During World War II

Question 43: What does the word “trilogy” in the first paragraph mean?
A. A specific type of fantasy novel

B. A long novel

C. A group of three literary books

D. An unrelated group of books

Question 44: What is the setting of Tolkien’s trilogy?
A. Modern - day Greece

B. England in the 1800’s

C. Oxford University

D. Middle Earth

Question 45: The word “fascinating” in the second paragraph could be replaced by
A. thrilling

B. extremely interesting

C. boring

D. terrifying

Telecommuting is a form of computer communication between employees’ homes and
offices. For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or
typing reports, the location of the computer is of no consequence. If the machine can
communicate over telephone lines, when the work is completed, employees can dial the office
computer and transmit the material to their employers. A recent survey in USA Today estimates
that there are approximately 8,7 million telecommuters. But although the numbers are rising
annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week
published “The Portable Executive” as its cover story a few years ago. Why hasn’t
telecommuting become more popular?
Clearly, change simply takes time. But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part
of many managers. These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work
force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or, at least, systems for managing them
are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager’s responsibilities.
It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to
accept the opportunity. Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and
many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are
not more visible in the office setting. Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is
set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office.
Question 46: With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?
A. An overview of telecommuting.

B. The failure of telecommuting.

C. The advantages of telecommuting.

D. A definition of telecommuting.

Question 47: How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?


A. More than predicted in Business Week.

B. More than 8 million.

C. Fewer than last year.

D. Fewer than last year.

Question 48 The phrase “of no consequence” means
A. of no use

B. irrelevant

C. of no good

D. unimportant

Question 49: The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting, EXCEPT
___________.
A. the opportunities for advancement.

B. the different system of supervision.

C. the lack of interaction.

D. the work place is in the home.

Question 50: The word “them” in the second paragraph refers to
A. telecommuters

B. systems

C. executives

D. responsibilities

Question 51: The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the employees
____________
A. need regular interaction with their families.
B. arc worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office.
C. feel that a work area in their home is away from the office.
D. are ignorant of telecommuting.
Question 52: The word “reluctant” in the third paragraph can best be replaced by
A. opposite

B. willing

C. hesitant

D. typical

It is said that George Washington was one of the first to realize how important tire building of
canals would be to the nation’s development. In fact, before he became the President, he headed the

first company in the United States to build a canal, which was to connect the Ohio and Potomac
rivers. It was never completed, but it showed the nation the feasibility of canals. As the country
expanded westward, settlers in western New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio needed a means to ship
goods. Canals linking natural waterways seemed to supply an effective method.
In 1791, engineers commissioned by the state of New York investigated the possibility of a canal


between Albany on the Hudson River and Buffalo on Lake Eric to link the Great Lakes area with the
Atlantic seacoast. It would avoid the mountains that served as a barrier to canals from the Delaware
and Potomac rivers.
The first attempt to dig the canal, to be called the Eric Canal, was made by private companies but
only a comparatively small portion was built before the project was halted for lack of funds. The
cost of the prospect was estimated $5 million, an enormous amount for those days. There was some
on-again-off-again federal funding, but this time the War of 1812 put an end to construction. In
1817, DeWitt Clinton was elected Governor of New York and persuaded the state to finance and
build the canal. It was completed in 1825, costing S2 million more than expected.
The canal rapidly lived up to its sponsors’ faith, quickly paying for itself through tolls. It was far
more economical than any other form of transportation at the time. It permitted trade between the
Great Lake region and the East coast, robbing the Mississippi River of much of its traffic. It allowed
New York to supplant Boston, Philadelphia, and other eastern cities as the chief center of both
domestic and foreign commerce. Cities sprang up along the canal. It also contributed in a number of
ways to the Norths victory over the South in the Civil War.
An expansion of the canal was planned in 1849. Increased traffic would undoubtedly have warranted
its construction had it not been for the railroads.
Question 53: The word “feasibility” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________
A. possibility

B. capability

C. difficulty

D. profitability

Question 54: According to the passage, the Eric Canal connected the _________
A. Delaware and Potomac Rivers

B. Hudson River and Lake Eric

C. Atlantic Ocean and the Hudson River

D. Potomac and Ohio Rivers

Question 55: The completion of the Eric Canal was financed by _________
A. private company

B. B. DeWitt Clinton

C. the federal government

D. New York

Question 56: The actual cost of building the Eric Canal was __________
A. $5 million

B. less than had been expected

C. $7 million

D. more than could be repaid

Question 57: The word “tolls” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. Grants

B. Fees

C. Links

D. Jobs

Question 58: Which of the following is NOT given as an effect of the building of the Eric Canal
in paragraph 4?
A. It took water traffic away from the Mississippi River.


B. It established Boston and Philadelphia as the most important centers of trade.
C. It helped determine the outcome of the Civil War.
D. It allowed the East coast to trade with the Great Lake Sea.
Question 59: What can be inferred about railroads in 1849 from the information in the last
paragraph?
A. They were being planned but had not been built.
B. They were seriously underdeveloped.
C. They had begun to compete with the Eric Canal for traffic.
D. They were weakened by the expansion of the canal.
Question 60: The word “warranted” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
A. hastened

B. guaranteed

C. justified

D. prevented

In early civilization, citizens were educated informally, usually within the family unit. Education
meant simply learning to live. As civilization became more complex, however, education became
more formal, structured, and comprehensive. Initial efforts of the ancient Chinese and Greek
societies concentrated solely on the education of males. The post-Babylonian Jews and Plato were
exceptions to this pattern. Plato was apparently the first significant advocate of the equality of the
sexes. Women, in his ideal state, would have the same rights and duties and the same educational
opportunities as men. This aspect of Platonic philosophy, however, had little or no effect on
education for many centuries, and the concept of a liberal education for men only, which had been
espoused by Aristotle, prevailed.
In ancient Rome, the availability of an education was gradually extended to women, but they
were taught separately from men. The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend,
and single-sex schools for the privileged through classes prevailed through the Reformation period.
Gradually, however, education for women, in a separate but equal basis to that provided for men,
was becoming a clear responsibility of society. Martin Luther appealed for civil support of schools
for all children. Al the Council of Trent in the 16th century, the Roman Catholic Church encouraged


the establishment of free primary schools for children of all classes. The concept of universal
primary education, regardless of sex, had been born, but it was still in the realm of the single-sex
school.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, co-education became a more widely applied principle of
educational philosophy. In Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union the education of boys and girls
in the same classes became an accepted practice. Since World War II, Japan and the Scandinavian
countries have also adopted relatively universal co-educational systems. The greatest negative
reaction to co-education has been felt in the teaching systems of the Latin countries, where the sexes
have usually been separated at both primary and secondary levels, according to local conditions. ’
A number of studies have indicated that girls seem to perform better overall and in science in
particular. In single-sex classes, during the adolescent years, pressure to conform to stereotypical

female gender roles may disadvantage girls in traditionally male subjects, making them reluctant to
volunteer for experimental work while taking part in lessons. In Britain, academic league tables
point to high standards achieved in girls’ schools. Some educationalists, therefore, suggest
segregation of the sexes as a good thing, particularly in certain areas, and a number of schools are
experimenting with the idea.
Question 61: Ancient education generally focused its efforts on _________.
A. young people only

B. on male learners

C. both sexes

D. female learners

Question 62: Education in early times was mostly aimed at ___________.
A. teaching skills

B. learning new lifestyles

C. learning to live

D. imparting survival skills

Question 63: The first to support the equality of the sexes was _____________.
A. the Chinese

B. the Jews

C. Plato

D. the Greek

Question 64: The word “informally” in this context mostly refers to an education occurring
___________.
A. in a department

B. in classrooms

C. ability

D. outside the school

Question 65: When education first reached women, they were _________.
A. separated from men

B. locked up in a place with men

C. deprived of opportunities

D. isolated from a normal life

Question 66: When the concept of universal primary education was introduced, education
___________.


A. focused on imparting skills

B. locked up in a place with men

C. was given free to all

D. focused on imparting skills

Question 67: Co-education was negatively responded to in ___________.
A. conservative countries

B. Japan

C. South American countries

D. the Scandinavian countries

The three phases of human memory are the sensory memory, the short-term memory, and the
long- term memory. This division of the memory into phases is based on the length of time of the
memory.
Sensory memory is instantaneous memory. It is an image or memory that enters your mind only
for a short period of time; it comes and goes in under a second. The memory will not last longer than
that unless the information enters the short-term memory.
Information can be held in the short-term memory for about twenty seconds or as long as you are
actively using it. If you repeat a fact to yourself, that fact will stay in your short-term memory as
long as you keep repeating it. Once you stop repeating it, either it is forgotten or it moves into long
term memory.
Long-term memory is the huge memory tank that can hold ideas and images for years and years.
Information can be added to your long-term memory when you actively try to put it there through
memorization or when an idea or image enters your mind on its own.
Question 68: The best title for this passage would be __________.
A. The difference between sensory and short-term memory
B. How long it takes to memorize
C. The stages of human memory
D. Human phases

Question 69: The three phases of memory discussed in the passage are differentiated according
to ____________.
A. The location in the brain
B. The period of time it takes to remember something
C. How the senses are involved in the memory.


D. How long the memory lasts.
Question 70: The expression “is based on” in the first paragraph could be best replaced by
__________.
A. Is on the top of

B. is at the foot of

C. depends on

D. is below

Question 71: According to the passage, which type of memory is the shortest?
A. Sensory memory

B. Active memory

C. Short-term memory

D. Long-term memory

Question 72: According to the passage, when will information stay in your short-term memory?
A. For as long as twenty minutes
B. As long as it is being used.

C. After you have repeated it many times.
D. When it has moved into long-term memory.
Question 73: All of the following are TRUE about long - term memory EXCEPT that
__________
A. it has a very large capacity.
B. it can hold information.
C. it is possible to put information into it through memorization.
D. memorization is the only way that information can get there.
Question 74: The expression “on its own” in the last sentence can be best replaced by
A. by itself

B. in its own time

C. with its

D. in only one way

Question 75: It can be inferred from the passage that if a person remembers a piece of «
information for two days, this is probably _________.
A. three phases of memory

B. the sensory memory

C. the short- term memory

D. the long- term memory


Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the
dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged

around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following
the Norman invasion of 1066. Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in
England and had not expanded even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. However, during the
course of the next two century, English began to spread around the globe as a result of
exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization, and missionary work. Thus, small
enclaves of English, speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world. As
these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international
business, banking, and diplomacy.
Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is in
English. Two thirds of the world’s science writing is in English, and English is the main
language of technology, advertising, media, international airport, and air traffic controllers.
Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are nonnative speakers, constituting the largest number of non-native users than any other language in
the world.
Question 76: What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The number of non-native users of English.
B. The French influence on the English language.
C. The expansion of English as an international language.
D. The use of English for science and technology.
Question 77: In the first paragraph, the word “emerged” is closest in meaning to
A. appeared

B. hailed

C. frequented

D. engaged

Question 78: In the first paragraph, the word “elements” is closest in meaning to
A. declaration

B. features

C. frequented

D. engaged

Question 79: Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England? ________.
A. In 1066

B. around 1350

C. before 1600

D. after 1600

Question 80: According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English
around the world EXCEPT__________.
A. the slave trade

B. the Norman invasion


C. missionaries

D. colonization

Question 81: In the second paragraph, the word “stored” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. bought

B. saved

C. spent

D. valued

Question 82: According to the passage, approximately how many non-native users of English
are there in the world today? _________.
A. a quarter million

B. half a million

C. 350 million

D. 700 million

Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant physicist Albert
Einstein. His theories of relativity led to entirely new ways of thinking about time, space, matter,
energy, and gravity. Einsteins work led to such scientific advances as the control of atomic
energy, even television as a practical application of Einsteins work. In 1902 Einstein became an
examiner in the Swiss patent office at Bern. In 1905, at age 26, he published the first of five
major research papers. The first one provided a theory explaining Brownian movement, the zigzag motion of microscopic particles in suspension. The second paper laid the foundation for the
photon, or quantum, theory of light. In it he proposed that light is composed of separate packets
of energy, called quanta or photons, that have some of the properties of particles and some of the
properties of waves. A third paper contained the “special theory of relativity” which showed that
time and motion are relative to the observer, if the speed of light is constant and the natural laws
are the same everywhere in the universe. The fourth paper was a mathematical addition to the
special theory of relativity. Here Einstein presented his famous formula, E = mc2 , known as the
energy mass equivalence. In 1916, Einstein published his general theory of relativity. In it he
proposed that gravity is not a force, but a curve in the space-time continuum, created by the
presence of mass. Einstein spoke out frequently against nationalism, the exalting of one nation

above all others. He opposed war and violence and supported Zionism, the movement to
establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, When the Nazis came to power in 1933, they
denounced his ideas. He then moved to the United States. In 1939 Einstein learned that two
German chemists had split the uranium atom. Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt
warning him that this scientific knowledge could lead to Germany developing an atomic bomb.
He suggested the United States begin its own atomic bomb research.
Question 83: Einstein’s primary work was in the area of ________.


A. chemistry

B. biology

C. physics

D. engineering

Question 84: Which of the following inventions is mentioned in the passage as a practical
application of Einsteins discoveries?
A. Radio

B. Automobiles

C. Computers

D. Television

Question 85: According to the passage, Einstein supported all of the following EXCEPT
A. the establishment ot a Jewish homeland in Palestine
B. nationalism

C. atomic bomb research in the United States.
D. the defeat of the Nazis.
Question 86: What is “Brownian movement”?
A. The zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension
B. The emission of electrons from solids when struck by light
C. The motion of photons in light
D. The basis of the theory of relativity
Question 87: Einstein was a citizen of all of the following countries EXCEPT
A. Belgium

B. Germany

C. United State

D. Switzerland

Question 88: It is clear from the tone of the passage that the author feels
A. Einsteins work in physics was somewhat tarnished by his conservative political views.
B. Albert Einstein was one of the most brilliant thinkers in history.
C. Einsteins work in physics, though theoretically impressive, led to few practical applications.
D. Einsteins theories have been consistently proven incorrect.
Question 89: According to Einstein’s special theory of relativity,
A. all properties of matter and energy can be explained in a single mathematical formula.
B. light is composed of separate packets of energy.
C. time and motion are relative to the observer.
D. some solids emit electrons when struck by light.
Question 90: The word “exalting” in the passage most nearly means
A. elevation

B. criticism

C. support

D. elimination


(Line 1) Horace Pippin, as an African-American soldier during World War I, was wounded in his
right arm. He discovered, however, that by keeping his right wrist steady with his left hand, he could
paint and draw. Pippin was not trained, but his artistic sensitivity and intuitive feel for twodimensional design and the arrangement of colour and patterns made him one of the finest
Primitive artists America has produced.
(Line 6) Pippin did a series of paintings on the abolitionist John Brown and one on his war
experiences, but he shied away from social issues for the most part and achieved his greatest success
with scenes of the people and places of his hometown of West Chester, Pennsylvania. His Domino
Players, featuring four women gathered around a wooden table in a simple kitchen setting, is an
excellent example of his rural domestic scenes.
Question 91: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about primitive
art?
A. It’s two-dimensional
B. Colours and patterns are important
C. Artists do not have to be trained for it
D. It is used mainly for painting portraits
Question 92: Horace Pippin discovered he could paint and draw _________.
A. during Word War I
B. when he completed his training
C. when someone reminded him of his artistic sensitivity
D. by holding his right wrist steady with his left hand
Question 93: Where in the passage is the name of Pippin’s hometown mentioned?
A. Line 1-2

B. Line 3-4

C. Line 6-7

D. Line 8-9

Question 94: It may be inferred from the passage that Pippin
A. had a simple upbringing
B. was obsessed with the subject of abolition
C. was destroyed by his war experiences
D. wanted nothing to do with his past following?
Question 95: The word “arrangement” in the passage could best be replaced by _________.
A. purpose

B. feature

C. mixture

D. production

Question 96: With which of the following statements would the author agree?


A. Horace Pippin was a poorly trained ordinary artist.
B. Primitive art is an excuse for lack of training and talent.
C. Horace Pippin made an important contribution to American art.
D. Horace Pippin placed too much emphasis on social issues in his work..
Question 97: The passage would most likely be required reading in which course?
A. Biology

B. Drama

C. Literature

D. Art History

A Japanese construction company plans to create a huge independent city-state, akin to the
legendary Atlantis, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The city, dubbed “Marinnation”, would have
about one million inhabitants, two airports, and possibly even a space port. Marinnation, if built,
would be a separate country but could serve as a home for international organisations such as the
United Nations and the World Bank.
Aside from the many political and social problems that would have to be solved, the engineering
task envisaged is monumental. The initial stage requires the building of a circular dam eighteen
miles in diameter attached to the sea bed in a relatively shallow place in international waters. Then,
several hundred powerful pumps, operating for more than a year, would suck out the sea water trom
within the dam. When empty and dry, the area would have a city constructed on it. The actual land
would be about 300 feet below the sea level. According to designers, the hardest task trom an
engineering point of view would be to ensure that the dam is leak proof and earthquake proof.
It all goes well, it is hoped that Marinnation could be ready for habitation at the end of the second
decade of the twenty-first century. Whether anyone would want to live in such an isolated and
artificial community, however, will remain an open question until that time.
Question 98: According to the text, Marrination, when built, will be a(an) ________city.
A. underwater

B. underground

C. marine

D. legendary

Question 99: The word akin’ in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ________.

A. likely

B. close

C. next

D. similar

Question 100: Which of the following would NOT be a problem for the construction plan?
A. social

B. political

C. engineering

D. financial

Question 101: Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A. Marinnation would have about one million inhabitants.
B. Marinnation will be built in a deep place in the Pacific Ocean.
C. Marinnation will be located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
D. Marinnation could be served as home for international organisations.
Question 102: What is going to be built first?
A. a city

B. a dam

C. a monument

D. a sea bed

Question 103: The most difficult task is to protect the dam against ________ and earthquake.
A. fire

B. water

C. sunlight

D. weather

Question 104: According to the text, people could come to live in the future city in the year
__________
A. 2002

B. 2012

C. 2010

D. 2020

Question 105: What does the author imply in the last sentence of the passage?
A. People will ask an open question about living in Marinnation.
B. The construction of Marinnation could never be completed in time.
C. People might not want to live in an isolated and artificial community.
D. People will ask how they can live in such an isolated and artificial city.

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes
sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat,

and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can
cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not


harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually
longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop.
Sometimes it’s hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many
different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes,
hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common
food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes.
Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his
intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can
be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium
nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine,
pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared
foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with
supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may
benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates trom
their diets.
Question 106: The topic of this passage is ____________.
A. reactions to foods

B. food and nutrition

C. infants and allergies

D. a good diet

Question 107: According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to
____________

A. the vast number of different foods we eat
B. lack of a proper treatment plan
C. the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
D. the use of prepared formula to feed babies
Question 108: The word “symptoms” is closest in meaning to ____________.
A. indications

B. diet

C. diagnosis

D. prescriptions

Question 109: The phrase “set off” is closest in meaning to ____________.
A. relieved

B. identified

C. avoided

Question 110: What can be inferred about babies from this passage?
A. They can eat almost anything.
B. They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
C. They gain little benefit from being breast fed.
D. They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.

D. triggered


Question 111: The word “hyperactive” is closest in meaning to ____________.

A. overly active

B. unusually low activity

C. excited

D. inquisitive

Question 112: The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to
allergies has to do with the infant’s ____________.
A. lack of teeth

B. poor metabolism

C. underdeveloped intestinal tract

D. inability to swallow solid foods.

It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great horned owl begins early in the
year. In January and February, or as late as March in the North, the male calls to the female with
a resonant hoot. The female is larger than the male. She sometimes reaches a body length of
twenty-two to twenty-four inches, with a wingspread up to fifty inches. To impress her, the male
does a strange courtship dance. He bobs. He bows. He rutiles his feathers and hops around with
an important air. He flutters from limb to limb and makes flying sorties into the air. Sometimes
he returns with an offering of food. They share the repast, after which she joins the dance,
hopping and bobbing about as though keeping time to the beat of an inner drum. Owls are poor
home builders. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree or even to occupy the deserted nest
of a hawk or crow. These structures are large and rough, built of sticks and bark and lined with
leaves and feathers. Sometimes owls nest on a rocky ledge, or even on the bare ground, even to
occupy the deserted nest of a hawk or crow. These structures are large and rough, built of sticks

and bark and lined with leaves and feathers. Sometimes owls nest on a rocky ledge, or even on
the bare ground. The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically setdes
herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from
snow and cold. It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks its way out of the shell.
As the young birds feather out, they look like wise old men with their wide eyes and quizzical
expressions. They clamor for food and keep the parents busy supplying mice, squirrels, rabbits,
crayfish, and beetles. Later in the season baby crows are taken. Migrating songsters, waterfowl,
and game bird? all fall prey to the hungry family. It is nearly ten weeks before fledglings leave


the nest to search for their own food. The parent birds weary of family life by November and
drive the young owls away to establish hunting ranges of their own
Question 113: What is the topic of this passage?
A. Mating rituals of great horned owls
B. Raising a family of great horned owls
C. Habits of young great horned owls
D. Nest building of great horned owls
Question 114: The phrase “a resonant hoot” is closest in meaning to
A. a sound

B. an offering of food

C. an instrument

D. a movement

Question 115: It can be inferred from the passage that the courtship of great horned owls
_________.
A. happens in the fall

B. takes place on the ground

C. involves the male alone

D. in an active process

Question 116: According to the passage, great horned owls _____________.
A. may inhabit a previously used nest
B. are discriminate nest builders
C. need big nests for their numerous eggs
D. build nests on tree limbs
Question 117: According to the passage, which of the following is the mother owl’s job?
A. To build the nest

B. To initiate the courtship ritual

C. To sit on the nest

D. To feed the young

Question 118: The phrase “precious charges” refers to _________
A. the hawks and crows

B. other nesting owls

C. the nest

D. the eggs

Question 119: According to the passage, young owlets eat everything EXCEPT _________.

A. insects

B. other small birds

C. small mammals

D. nuts and seeds

C. the prey

D. the young birds

Question 120: The word “they” refers to
A. the adult birds

B. the wise old men