WRITING TASK 1 tổng hợp

WRITING TASK 1
1. TỪ NỐI (Chú ý đến viết hoa và dấu câu)
1.1 Mở đầu overview
• Overall, it can be clearly seen from the chart/ graph that…
• Overall, we can see that…
• Overall, it is clear that…
• As can be seen from the graph,…
1.2 Mở đầu các đoạn thân bài
• Regarding: Regarding the unemployment rate in Japan, it…
• With regard to: With regard to the number of female students, the figure…
• In contrast to (ngược lại với) In contrast to the number of female students,
the figure for boys…
• Looking more closely at the bar chart/ line graph, we can see that…
• According to the bar chart/ line graph,…
1.3 Xu hướng tương tự:
Likewise, / Similarly, / ;likewise, (trong cùng một câu)/ Like
• The unemployment rate in Japan was low in 2010; likewise, the rate in
England did not go up much
• The money spent on the Arts made up only a tiny portion of the total
budget. Similarly, only a small amount is spent on social service
• Like the cost of shipping, the cost of packing has gone up
1.4 Xu hướng đối lập
• Nối 2 câu có xu hướng ngược nhau: However, /On the other hand,/ In
contrast,/ By contrast,/ Conversely,
• Nối 2 mệnh đề trong cùng một câu: but/ ,while/ ,whilst/,whereas (ưu tiên
dùng whereas trong trường hợp số liệu có sự khác biệt lớn)
1.5 Các từ nối khác
• Furthermore/ What is more, / Moreover, / In addition, / …

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2. MỞ BÀI
Tên biểu đồ/
bản đồ/ hình
vẽ

Động từ

Tân ngữ

Giới từ chỉ địa điểm + Giới từ
chỉ thời gian

The bar chart

-shows
information
about…

- the percentage of/ the
proportion of/ the rate
of…

within …years from…to…

The pie chart

-shows data
on…

- the number of…/ the
student numbers

The
illustrations

-compareS… - the amount of ….

The line
graph

The pictures

-illustrates…

The map

over a period of…years
from…to
between..and..

- the expenditure on../
the spending on..
- how much/ how many

The process

- why/ where…

The table

- the changes…
- the process of…
- how…is produced…
- the popularity of..

-

The table shows the percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories
of products and services in five countries in 2000.
The process illustrates how chocolate is produced.

3. NGÔN NGỮ THỂ HIỆN SỰ THAY ĐỔI (THƯỜNG DÙNG TRONG CÁC
BIỂU ĐỒ CÓ SỰ THAY ĐỔI SỐ LIỆU THEO NĂM)
3.1 Động từ và danh từ miêu tả sự thay đổi
Trend
V
N
- Increase (to/by)
- Go up (to/ by)
- Rise (to/by)
- Grow (to/by)
- Climb (to/by)
- rocket (to/by) mạnh
- soar (to/ by) mạnh
-

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an increase of/ to

không có
a rise of/ to
a growth of/ to
a clime of/ to
không dùng
không dùng


-

Decrease (to/by)
decline (to/by)
Fall (to/by)
Drop (to/by)
Go down (to/by)
plunge (to/ by)
Remain stable (at)
Stay unchanged
(at)
- remain steady/
constant at
- level off
- Fluctuate
- Peak at
- Dip at
And then recover
Là/ đứng/ bắt đầu
Was/ stood at/ started at
3.2 Tính từ và trạng từ miêu tả sự thay đổi
Adjective

sharp
sudden
dramatic
significant
steady
gradual
slight

-

a decrease of/ to
a decline of/to
a fall of/ to
a drop of/ to
không có
không dùng

a fluctuation
reach a peak of

Adverbs
sharply
Suddenly
dramatically
significantly
steadily
gradually
slightly

3.3 Trạng từ chỉ thời gian

Between …and…
From …to…
From…until…
In
For..
During
Over

Between 2005 and 2008
From 2005 to 2008
From 2005 until 2008
In 2007, in February
For the five years, for the three-month
period
During the five years, during the threemonth period
Over five years, over three-month period

3.4 CẤU TRÚC VIẾT BÀI
1. S + V + adv
The student numbers increased sharply from 30 to 100 in 2018.
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2. There was a/an+ adj+ N of..+ in …
There was a sharp increase of 70 (100-30) in the student numbers in 2018
3. S + saw/ experienced + a/an + adj+ N
The student numbers saw a sharp increase of 70 in 2018
4. the year…/ the period…saw/ experienced + a/an + adj+ N
The year 2018 saw a sharp increase from 30 to 70 in the student numbers in 2018.
5. Miêu tả số liệu được dự đoán với mốc thời gian trong tương lai:

It is predicted/ forecasted/ projected/ expected that S + will + V
It is predicted that the student numbers will increase sharply to 70 in 2019.
S + be + predicted/ forecasted/ projected/ expected to + V
The student numbers are predicted to increase sharply to 70 in 2019.
6. S + V, which was followed by + N
There was a fall to 1500 in the number of students in 2015, which was followed
by an increase to 2000 in 2016
7. S + V, but later + V
The number of students declined slightly to 1500 in 2015, but later went up sharply
by 500 in 2016
8. S + V before Ving
The number of students declined slightly to 1500 in 2015 before experiencing a
sharp in crease of 500 in 2016.

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3.5 SAMPLE ESSAY

The graph shows changes in the popularity of three different activities in a UK sports
club over a period of 20 years.
Overall, participation in swimming dropped considerably during the period. Team
sports, however, remained popular, while participation in gym activities rose
significantly over the period.
In 1983 around 50% of club members participated in swimming, so this was clearly
the most popular activity. However, this figure decreased steadily to 15% in 1998 and
remained constant at this rate until 2003.
In contrast, 32% of members did team sports in 1983, and this rate reached a peak of
40% in 1998 before dropping to its former level. Participation rates for team sports
overtook those for swimming and became the highest for all activities from 1993 to

2003.
Finally, participation in gym activities stood at only 5% in 1983, but this figure grew
rapidly from 1988 to 1998, eventually levelling off at around 25%, making gym the
second most popular activity.

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4. NGÔN NGỮ SO SÁNH (THƯỜNG SỬ DỤNG VỚI CÁC BIỂU ĐỒ KHÔNG
CÓ SỰ THAY ĐỔI THEO NĂM)
4.1 S + be + the ( second) most popular (thường dùng ở overview)
Houses were the most popular type of accommodation in Vietnam in 2018.
Flats were the second most popular type of accommodation in Vietnam in 2018.
4.2 Đặt số liệu lên đầu
About 1 million people live in houses in Vietnam in 2018.
About 70% of people live in houses in Vietnam in 2018.
4.3 So sánh gấp mấy lần
There + be + twice/ three times + as many/ much + N + as…
There were twice as many houses as flats in Vietnam in 2017.
S + be + double + O
The number of houses were double the figure for flats.
4.4 Sử dụng các cụm từ chỉ số lượng lên đầu câu
The majority of/ the largest percentage of/ the lowest percentage of…
The lowest percentage of Vietnamese workers (12%) are in the service sector.
4.5 Sử dụng so sánh ở đầu câu.
A higher percentage of… + V than +…
A higher percentage of Vietnamese workers work in the industrial sector than in
service sector.
More/ Fewer + N + V
More Vietnamese people live in houses than in flats.

4.6 represent/ make up/ account for + % chiếm tới (đặt biệt hữu ích với pie
chart)
The percentage of female students made up over 60% of total students.
4.7 Đổi số liệu % sang phân số
10% = a tenth
33% = about/ roughly/ approximately/ around a third.
50% = a half
67% = about/ roughly…two-thirds
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5. NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ BẢN ĐỒ (LƯU Ý DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG)
5.1 Miêu tả xu hướng chung (thường dùng ở overview)
1.
2.
3.
4.

Over the period, the area witnessed dramatic changes
From 1995 to 2005, the city centre saw spectacular developments
The village changed considerably over the time period.
During the 10 year period, the industrial area was totally transformed.

5.2 Buildings– demolished, knocked-down, replaced, renovated, built, constructed,
reconstructed, developed, extended, expanded, relocated, converted.
Examples:
1. The shops was knocked-down to build a restaurant at the site.
2. The fish market was demolished and replaced by apartment blocks.
3. A car park was built next to the hotel.
5.3 Trees and Forests- cleared, cut-down, chopped-down, removed, planted, make

way for….
Examples:
The forest was cut-down in 2018.
The trees were cleared to make way for houses.
5.4 Roads, bridges and railways lines- constructed, built, extended, expanded and
removed, link/ connect
The main road was extended to the west.
5.5 Leisure facilities- opened, set up, developed.
Examples:
A skate park was set up next to the swimming pool.

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6. NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ QUY TRÌNH (LƯU Ý SỬ DỤNG DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG)
6.1 Overview
There are a total of…steps/ stages in the process, beginning with … and ending
with…
There are a total of 10 steps in the process, beginning with growing cacao trees and
ending with producing liquid chocolate.
6.2 Từ nối
The first/ second step is when…
The next step is that…
In the next/ third/ final step/ stage, …
In the subsequent step/ stage,…
Consequently, = As a result,…
At the same time,…
also/ then
6.2 Cấu trúc viết câu ghép.
- When S + V, S + V

- Once S + V, S + V
Once the pods are ripe and red, they are harvested.
-After Ving/ Before Ving, S + V (nếu cùng chủ ngữ)
After being harvested, the pods are dried in the sun.

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-Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ.
The cocoa comes from the cacao trees, which are grown in South America.
-Dùng mệnh đề -ing
The warm water builds up in the west, allowing cool water to rise to the surface in the
east.

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