Ms visual c sharp 2005 step by step (2005)

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CompanionContent
Thistitleincludesreferencestoelectroniccontent,suchassamplefiles,
samplecode,betasoftware,tools,andothercontent.Thiscontentis
providedasanadditionallearningtooltoaccompanythetext.Althoughthe
referencestothiscontentmightmentionaCDorCD-ROMwherethesefiles
areavailable,youcanaccessselectedportionsofthiscontentonlineby
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TheISBNforthistitleislistedbelowandcanalsobefoundontheLOC
(LibraryofCongress)pagelistedintheTableofContents.
ISBN:0-7356-2129-2


Introduction
MicrosoftVisualC#isapowerfulbutsimplelanguageaimedprimarilyat
developerscreatingapplicationsbyusingtheMicrosoft.NETFramework.It
inheritsmanyofthebestfeaturesofC++andMicrosoftVisualBasic,butfew

oftheinconsistenciesandanachronisms,resultinginacleanerandmore
logicallanguage.TheadventofC#2.0hasseenseveralimportantnew
featuresaddedtothelanguage,includingGenerics,Iterators,andanonymous
methods.ThedevelopmentenvironmentprovidedbyMicrosoftVisualStudio
2005makesthesepowerfulfeatureseasytouse,andthemanynewwizards
andenhancementsincludedinVisualStudio2005cangreatlyimproveyour
productivityasadeveloper.
Theaimofthisbookistoteachyouthefundamentalsofprogrammingwith
C#byusingVisualStudio2005andthe.NETFramework.Youwilllearnthe
featuresoftheC#language,andthenusethemtobuildapplicationsrunning
ontheMicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystem.Bythetimeyoucompletethis
book,youwillhaveathoroughunderstandingofC#andwillhaveuseditto
buildWindowsFormsapplications,accessMicrosoftSQLServerdatabases,
developASP.NETWebapplications,andbuildandconsumeaWebservice.


FindingYourBestStartingPointinThisBook
Thisbookisdesignedtohelpyoubuildskillsinanumberofessentialareas.
Youcanusethisbookifyouarenewtoprogrammingorifyouareswitching
fromanotherprogramminglanguagesuchasC,C++,SunMicrosystems
Java,orVisualBasic.Usethefollowingtabletofindyourbeststartingpoint.
Ifyouare
Newto
objectoriented
programming

Followthesesteps
1. Installthepracticefilesasdescribedinthenext
section,“InstallingandUsingthePracticeFiles.”
2. WorkthroughthechaptersinPartsI,II,andIII

sequentially.
3. CompletePartsIV,V,andVIasyourlevelof
experienceandinterestdictates.

NewtoC#
1. Installthepracticefilesasdescribedinthenext
section,“InstallingandUsingthePracticeFiles.”
SkimthefirstfivechapterstogetanoverviewofC#
andVisualStudio2005,andthenconcentrateon
Chapters6through19.
2. CompletePartsIV,V,andVIasyourlevelof
experienceandinterestdictates.
Migrating
fromC,C++,
orJava

1. Installthepracticefilesasdescribedinthenext
section,“InstallingandUsingthePracticeFiles.”
2. SkimthefirstsevenchapterstogetanoverviewofC#
andVisualStudio2005,andthenconcentrateon
Chapters8through19.
3. ForinformationaboutbuildingWindowsapplications
andusingadatabase,readPartsIVandV.
4. ForinformationaboutbuildingWebapplicationsand


Webservices,readPartVI.
Switching
fromVisual
Basic6

1. Installthepracticefilesasdescribedinthenext
section,“InstallingandUsingthePracticeFiles.”
2. WorkthroughthechaptersinPartsI,II,andIII
sequentially.
3. ForinformationaboutbuildingWindowsapplications,
readPartIV.
4. Forinformationaboutaccessingadatabase,readPart
V.
5. ForinformationaboutcreatingWebapplicationsand
Webservices,readPartVI.
6. ReadtheQuickReferencesectionsattheendofthe
chaptersforinformationaboutspecificC#andVisual
Studio2005constructs.

Referencing
thebookafter
working
throughthe
exercises

1. UsetheindexortheTableofContentstofind
informationaboutparticularsubjects.
2. ReadtheQuickReferencesectionsattheendofeach
chaptertofindabriefreviewofthesyntaxand
techniquespresentedinthechapter.


ConventionsandFeaturesinThisBook
Thisbookpresentsinformationbyusingconventionsdesignedtomakethe

informationreadableandeasytofollow.Beforeyoustartthebook,readthe
followinglist,whichexplainsconventionsyou'llseethroughoutthebook
andpointsouthelpfulfeaturesinthebookthatyoumightwanttouse.

Conventions
Eachexerciseisaseriesoftasks.Eachtaskispresentedasaseriesof
numberedsteps(1,2,andsoon).Aroundbullet(•)indicatesan
exercisethathasonlyonestep.
Noteslabeled“tip”provideadditionalinformationoralternative
methodsforcompletingastepsuccessfully.
Noteslabeled“important”alertyoutoinformationyouneedtocheck
beforecontinuing.
Aplussign(+)betweentwokeynamesmeansthatyoumustpress
thosekeysatthesametime.Forexample,“PressAlt+Tab”meansthat
youholddowntheAltkeywhileyoupresstheTabkey.

OtherFeatures
Sidebarsthroughoutthebookprovidemorein-depthinformationabout
theexercise.Thesidebarsmightcontainbackgroundinformation,
designtips,orfeaturesrelatedtotheinformationbeingdiscussed.
EachchapterendswithaQuickReferencesection.TheQuick
Referencesectioncontainsquickremindersofhowtoperformthetasks
youlearnedinthechapter.


OnlineCompanionContent
Theonlinecompanioncontentpagehascontentandlinksrelatedtothis
book.
/>
TechnologyUpdates

Astechnologiesrelatedtothisbookareupdated,linkstoadditional
informationwillbeaddedtotheMicrosoftPressTechnologyUpdatesWeb
page.VisitthispageperiodicallyforupdatesonVisualStudio2005and
othertechnologies.
/>NOTE
PracticefilesforthisbookareonthecompanionCD.


SystemRequirements
You'llneedthefollowinghardwareandsoftwaretocompletetheexercisesin
thisbook:
MicrosoftWindowsXPProfessionalEditionwithServicePack2,
MicrosoftWindowsServer2003withServicePack1,orWindows
2000withServicePack4.(MicrosoftWindows2000DatacenterServer
isnotsupported.)
MicrosoftVisualStudio2005StandardorProfessionalEdition,
includingSQLServer2005Express.
766MHzPentiumorcompatibleprocessor(1.5GHzPentium
recommended).
256MBRAM(512MBormorerecommended).
Videomonitor(800×600orhigherresolution)withatleast256colors
(1024×768HighColor16-bitrecommended).
CD-ROMorDVD-ROMdrive.
MicrosoftMouseorcompatiblepointingdevice.
YouwillalsoneedtohaveAdministratoraccesstoyourcomputerto
configureSQLServer2005ExpressEditionandtomodifytheWindows
RegistryinChapter28,“CreatingandUsingaWebService.”

PrereleaseSoftware
ThisbookwasreviewedandtestedagainsttheAugust2005Community

TechnicalPreview(CTP)ofVisualStudio2005.TheAugustCTPwasthe
lastpreviewbeforethefinalreleaseofVisualStudio2005.Thisbookis
expectedtobefullycompatiblewiththefinalreleaseofVisualStudio2005.
Ifthereareanychangesorcorrectionsforthisbook,theywillbecollected
andaddedtoaMicrosoftKnowledgeBasearticle.Seethe“Supportforthis
Book”sectioninthisIntroductionformoreinformation.


InstallingandUsingthePracticeFiles
ThecompanionCDinsidethisbookcontainsthepracticefilesthatyou'lluse
asyouperformtheexercisesinthebook.Byusingthepracticefiles,you
won'twastetimecreatingfilesthataren'trelevanttotheexercise.Thefiles
andthestep-by-stepinstructionsinthelessonsalsoletyoulearnbydoing,
whichisaneasyandeffectivewaytoacquireandremembernewskills.

InstallingthePracticeFiles
Followthesestepstoinstallthepracticefilesonyourcomputer'sharddisk
sothatyoucanusethemwiththeexercisesinthisbook.
1. RemovetheCDfromthepackageinsidethisbook,andinsertitinto
yourCD-ROMdrive.
NOTE
Anenduserlicenseagreementshouldopenautomatically.Ifthis
agreementdoesnotappear,openMyComputeronthedesktoporStart
menu,double-clicktheiconforyourCD-ROMdrive,andthendoubleclickStartCD.exe.
2. Reviewtheenduserlicenseagreement.Ifyouaccepttheterms,select
theacceptoptionandthenclickNext.
Amenuwillappearwithoptionsrelatedtothebook.
3. ClickInstallPracticeFiles.
4. Followtheonscreeninstructions.
Thepracticefilesareinstalledtothefollowinglocationonyour

computer:
MyDocuments\MicrosoftPress\VisualCSharpStepbyStep

ConfiguringSQLServerExpressEdition


TheexercisesinPartVofthisbookrequirethatyouhaveaccesstoSQL
ServerExpressEditiontocreateandusetheNorthwindTradersdatabase.If
youareusingSQLServer2005ExpressEdition,loginasAdministratoron
yourcomputerandfollowthesestepstograntaccesstotheuseraccountthat
youwillbeusingforperformingtheexercisesinthesechapters.
1. OntheWindowsStartmenu,clickAllPrograms,clickAccessories,and
thenclickCommandPrompttoopenacommandpromptwindow.
2. Inthecommandpromptwindow,typethefollowingcommand:

sqlcmd–SYourServer\SQLExpress–E

ReplaceYourServerwiththenameofyourcomputer.
Youcanfindthenameofyourcomputerbyrunningthehostname
commandinthecommandpromptwindow,beforerunningthesqlcmd
command.
3. Atthe1>prompt,typethefollowingcommand,includingthesquare
brackets,andthenpressEnter:

sp_grantlogin[YourServer\UserName]

ReplaceYourServerwiththenameofyourcomputer,andreplace
UserNamewiththenameoftheuseraccountyouwillbeusing.
4. Atthe2>prompt,typethefollowingcommandandthenpressEnter:

go

Ifyouseeanerrormessage,ensureyouhavetypedthe
sp_grantlogincommandcorrectly,includingthesquarebrackets.
5. Atthe1>prompt,typethefollowingcommand,includingthesquare
brackets,andthenpressEnter:

sp_addsrvrolemember[YourServer\UserName],dbcreato

6. Atthe2>prompt,typethefollowingcommandandthenpressEnter:

go

Ifyouseeanerrormessage,makesureyouhavetypedthe
sp_addsrvrolemembercommandcorrectly,includingthesquare
brackets.
7. Atthe1>prompt,typethefollowingcommandandthenpressEnter:

exit


8. Closethecommandpromptwindow.

UsingthePracticeFiles
Eachchapterinthisbookexplainswhenandhowtouseanypracticefiles
forthatchapter.Whenit'stimetouseapracticefile,thebookwilllistthe
instructionsforhowtoopenthefile.Thechaptersarebuiltaroundscenarios
thatsimulaterealprogrammingprojects,soyoucaneasilyapplytheskills
youlearntoyourownwork.

Forthoseofyouwholiketoknowallthedetails,here'salistoftheVisual
C#projectsonthepracticedisk.
Project

Description

Chapter1
TextHello

Thisprojectgetsyoustarted.Itstepsthroughthe
creationofasimpleprogramthatdisplaysatextbasedgreeting.

WinFormHello

Thisprojectdisplaysthegreetinginawindowby
usingWindowsForms.

Chapter2
PrimitiveDataTypes

Thisprojectdemonstrateshowtodeclarevariables
ofeachoftheprimitivetypes,howtoassignvalues
tothesevariables,andhowtodisplaytheirvalues
inawindow.

MathsOperators

Thisprogramintroducesthearithmeticoperators(+
–*/%).

Chapter3
Methods

Inthisproject,you'llre-examinethecodeinthe
previousprojectandinvestigatehowitisstructured
byusingmethods.


DailyRate

Thisprojectwalksyouthroughwritingyourown
methods(bothmanuallyandbyusingawizard),
runningthemethods,andsteppingthroughthe
methodcallsbyusingtheVisualStudiodebugger.

Chapter4
Selection

Thisprojectshowshowacascadingifstatementis
usedtocomparetwodates.

switchStatement

Thissimpleprogramusesaswitchstatementto
convertcharactersintotheirXMLrepresentations.

Chapter5
Iteration

Thisprojectdisplayscodefragmentsforeachofthe

differentiterationstatementsandtheoutputthat
eachgenerates.

whileStatement

Thisprojectusesawhilestatementtoreadthe
contentsofasourcefileonelineatatimeand
displayeachlineinaWindowstextbox.

doStatement

Thisprojectusesadostatementtoconverta
numbertoitsstringrepresentation.

Chapter6
MathsOperators

Thisprojectre-examinestheMathsOperators
projectfromChapter2,“WorkingwithVariables,
Operators,andExpressions,”andcausesvarious
unhandledexceptionstomaketheprogramfail.
Thetryandcatchkeywordsthenmakethe
applicationmorerobustsothatitnolongerfails.

Chapter7
Classes

Chapter8

Thisprojectcoversthebasicsofdefiningyourown

classes,completewithpublicconstructors,
methods,andprivatefields.Italsocoverscreating
classinstancesbyusingthenewkeywordandby
usingstaticmethodsandfields.


Parameters

Thisprograminvestigatesthedifferencebetween
valueparametersandreferenceparameters.It
demonstrateshowtousetherefandoutkeywords.

Chapter9
StructsAndEnums

Thisprojectusesanenumtypetorepresentthefour
differentsuitsofaplayingcard,andthenusesa
structtypetorepresentacalendardate.

Chapter10
Aggregates

Thisprojectbuildsonthepreviousprojectbyusing
theArrayListcollectionclasstogrouptogether
playingcardsinahand.

Chapter11
ParamsArrays

Thisprojectdemonstrateshowtousetheparams

keywordtocreateasinglemethodthatcanaccept
anynumberofintargumentsandfindandreturn
theonewiththesmallestvalue.

Chapter12
CSharp

Thisprojectusesahierarchyofinterfacesand
classestosimulatebothreadingaC#sourcefile
andclassifyingitscontentsintovariouskindsof
tokens(identifiers,keywords,operators,andsoon).
Asanexampleofuse,italsoderivesclassesfrom
thekeyinterfacestodisplaythetokensinarichtext
boxincolorsyntax.

Chapter13
UsingStatement

Thisprojectrevisitsasmallpieceofcodefromthe
previouschapterandrevealsthatitisnot
exception-safe.Itshowsyouhowtomakethecode
exception-safewithausingstatement.

Chapter14
Properties

ThisprojectpresentsasimpleWindowsapplication
thatusesseveralpropertiestocontinuallydisplay

thesizeofitsmainwindow.
Chapter15
Indexers

Thisprojectusestwoindexers:onetolookupa
person'sphonenumberwhengivenaname,andthe
othertolookupaperson'snamewhengivena
phonenumber.

Chapter16
Delegates

Thisprojectdisplaysthetimeindigitalformatby
usingdelegatecallbacks.Thecodeisthen
simplifiedbyusingevents.

Chapter17
BinaryTree

ThisprojectshowsyouhowtouseGenericsto
buildatypesafestructurethatcancontainelements
ofanytype.

BuildTree

ThisprojectdemonstrateshowtouseGenericsto
implementatypesafemethodthatcantake
parametersofanytype.

Chapter18

BinaryTree

Thisprojectshowsyouhowtoimplementthe
genericIEnumerator<T>interfacetocreatean
enumeratorforthegenericBinaryTreeclass.

IteratorBinaryTree

ThisprojectusesanIteratortogeneratean
enumeratorforthegenericBinaryTreeclass.

Chapter19
Operators

Thisprojectbuildsthreestructs,calledHour,
Minute,andSecond,thatcontainuser-defined
operators.Thecodeisthensimplifiedbyusinga
conversionoperator.

Chapter20
BellRingers

ThisprojectisaWindowsFormsapplication
demonstratingbasicWindowsFormscontrols.


Chapter21
BellRingers

Thisprojectisanextensionoftheapplication

createdinChapter20,“IntroducingWindows
Forms,”butwithdrop-downandpop-upmenus
addedtotheuserinterface.

Chapter22
CustomerDetails

Thisprojectdemonstrateshowtovalidateuser
input,usingcustomerinformationasanexample.

Chapter23
DisplayProducts

ThisprojectshowsyouhowtouseMicrosoft
ADO.NETtoconnecttotheNorthwindTraders
database,andretrieveinformationfromthe
Productstable.TheprojectusestheDataSource
ConfigurationWizardtogenerateadatasourceto
connecttothedatabase,andDataSet,DataTable,
andTableAdapterobjectstobindthedatasourceto
aDataGridViewcontrol.TheDataGridViewcontrol
displaysthedatainaWindowsForm.

ReportOrders

Thisprojectshowshowtoaccessadatabaseby
usingADO.NETcoderatherthanbyusingthe
componentsgeneratedbytheDataSource
ConfigurationWizard.Theapplicationretrieves
informationfromtheOrderstableintheNorthwind

Tradersdatabase.

Chapter24
ProductsMaintenance ThisprojectdemonstrateshowtousetheDataSet,
DataTable,andTableAdaptercomponentstoupdate
informationinadatabase.Theapplicationusesa
DataGridViewcontrolonaWindowsFormand
enablestheusertomodifyinformationinthe
ProductstableintheNorthwindTradersdatabase.
Chapter25
HonestJohn

ThisprojectcreatesasimpleMicrosoftASP.NET


Websitethatenablestheusertoinputinformation
aboutemployeesworkingforafictitioussoftware
developmentcompany.
Chapter26
HonestJohn

Thisprojectisanextendedversionofthe
HonestJohnprojectfromthepreviouschapterand
showshowtovalidateuserinputinanASP.NET
Webapplication.

Chapter27
Northwind

ThisprojectshowshowtouseForms-based

securityforauthenticatingtheuser.Theapplication
alsodemonstrateshowtouseADO.NETfroman
ASP.NETWebform,showinghowtoqueryand
updateadatabaseinascalablemanner.

Chapter28
NorthwindServices

ThisprojectimplementsaWebservice,providing
remoteaccessacrosstheInternettodatainthe
ProductstableintheNorthwindTradersdatabase.

ProductInfo

ThisprojectshowshowtocreateaWindows
applicationthatconsumesaWebservice.Itshows
howtoinvoketheWebmethodsinthe
NorthwindServicesWebservice.

Inadditiontotheseprojects,severalprojectshavesolutionsavailableforthe
practiceexercises.ThesolutionsforeachprojectareincludedontheCDin
thefolderforeachchapterandarelabeledComplete.

UninstallingthePracticeFiles
Followthesestepstoremovethepracticefilesfromyourcomputer.
1. InControlPanel,openAddOrRemovePrograms.
2. FromtheCurrentlyInstalledProgramslist,selectMicrosoftVisualC#


2005StepByStep.

3. ClickRemove.
4. Followtheonscreeninstructionstoremovethepracticefiles.


SupportforthisBook
Everyefforthasbeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyofthisbookandthe
contentsofthecompanionCD.Ascorrectionsorchangesarecollected,they
willbeaddedtoaMicrosoftKnowledgeBasearticle.Toviewthelistof
knowncorrectionsforthisbook,visitthefollowingarticle:
/>MicrosoftPressprovidessupportforbooksandcompanionCDsatthe
followingWebsite:
/>
QuestionsandComments
Ifyouhavecomments,questions,orideasregardingthebookorthis
companionCD,orquestionsthatarenotansweredbyvisitingthesites
above,pleasesendthemtoMicrosoftPressviae-mailto:

Orviapostalmailto:
MicrosoftPress
Attn:StepbyStepSeriesEditor
OneMicrosoftWay
Redmond,WA98052-6399
Pleasenotethatproductsupportisnotofferedthroughthesemailaddresses.


PartI
IntroducingMicrosoftVisualC#and
MicrosoftVisualStudio2005

Chapter1
WelcometoC#
Aftercompletingthischapter,youwillbeableto:
UsetheVisualStudio2005programmingenvironment.
CreateaC#consoleapplication.
Usenamespaces.
CreateaC#WindowsFormsapplication.
MicrosoftVisualC#isMicrosoft'spowerful,component-orientedlanguage.
C#playsanimportantroleinthearchitectureoftheMicrosoft.NET
Framework,andsomepeoplehavedrawncomparisonstotherolethatC
playedinthedevelopmentofUNIX.Ifyoualreadyknowalanguagesuchas
C,C++,orJava,you'llfindthesyntaxofC#reassuringlyfamiliarbecauseit
usesthesamecurlybracketstodelimitblocksofcode.However,ifyouare
usedtoprogramminginotherlanguages,youshouldsoonbeabletopickup
thesyntaxandfeelofC#;youjustneedtolearntoputthecurlybracketsand
semi-colonsintherightplace.Hopefullythisisjustthebooktohelpyou!
InPartI,you'lllearnthefundamentalsofC#.You'lldiscoverhowtodeclare
variablesandhowtouseoperatorssuchasplus(+)andminus(-)tocreate
values.You'llseehowtowritemethodsandpassargumentstomethods.You'll
alsolearnhowtouseselectionstatementssuchasifanditerationstatements
suchaswhile.Finally,you'llunderstandhowC#usesexceptionstohandle
errorsinagraceful,easy-to-usemanner.ThesetopicsformthecoreofC#,and
fromthissolidfoundation,you'llprogresstomoreadvancedfeaturesinPartII
throughPartVI.


BeginningProgrammingwiththeVisualStudio2005
Environment
VisualStudio2005isatool-richprogrammingenvironmentcontainingall
thefunctionalityyou'llneedtocreatelargeorsmallC#projects.Youcan

evencreateprojectsthatseamlesslycombinemodulesfromdifferent
languages.Inthefirstexercise,you'llstarttheVisualStudio2005
programmingenvironmentandlearnhowtocreateaconsoleapplication.

CreateaconsoleapplicationinVisualStudio2005
1. InMicrosoftWindows,clicktheStartbutton,pointtoAllPrograms,
andthenpointtoMicrosoftVisualStudio2005.
2. ClicktheMicrosoftVisualStudio2005icon.VisualStudio2005starts.
NOTE
IfthisisthefirsttimethatyouhaverunVisualStudio2005,youmight
seeadialogboxpromptingyoutochooseyourdefaultdevelopment
environmentsettings.VisualStudio2005cantailoritselfaccording
yourpreferreddevelopmentlanguage.Thevariousdialogboxesand
toolsintheintegrateddevelopmentenvironment(IDE)willhavetheir
defaultselectionssetforthelanguageyouchoose.SelectVisualC#
DevelopmentSettingsfromthelist,andthenclicktheStartVisual
Studiobutton.Afterashortdelay,theVisualStudio2005IDEappears.


3. OntheFilemenu,pointtoNew,andthenclickProject.TheNew
Projectdialogboxopens.Thisdialogboxallowsyoutocreateanew
projectusingvarioustemplates,suchasWindowsApplication,Class
Library,andConsoleApplication,thatspecifythetypeofapplication
youwanttocreate.
NOTE
TheactualtemplatesavailabledependontheversionofVisualStudio
2005youareusing.Itisalsopossibletodefinenewprojecttemplates,
butthatisbeyondthescopeofthisbook.