Java web services architecture (2003)

JavaWebServices
Architecture
ISBN:1558609008
byJames
McGovern,
SameerTyagi,
Michael
StevensandSunil
Matthew
MorganKaufmannPublishers©
2003(831pages)

Thisisano-nonsenseguideto
webservicestechnologies
includingSOAP,WSDL,UDDI
andtheJAXAPIs;itprovidesan
unbiasedlookatmanyofthe
practicalconsiderationsfor
implementingwebservices
includingauthorization,
encryption,andtransactions.
TableofContents
JavaWebServicesArchitecture
Foreword
Preface
PartOne-TheFoundation

Chapter1 - WebServicesOverview
Service-Oriented
Chapter2 Architecture
Component-BasedService

Chapter3 Development


Chapter4
Chapter5
Chapter6
Chapter7

- SOAP
- WSDL
- UDDI
- ebXML

PartTwo-TheJAXAPIs

JavaWebService
DeveloperPack
Chapter9 - JAXP
Chapter10 - JAX-RPC
Chapter11 - JAXM
Chapter12 - JAXR
Chapter13 - JAXB
Chapter8 -

PartThree-AdvancedTopics

Chapter14 - TransactionManagement
Chapter15 - Security
Chapter16 - PracticalConsiderations
Chapter17 - FutureStandards

AppendixA - XMLSchema
AppendixB - JSTL
TheSoftwareArchitect's
AppendixC Role
Index
AbouttheCD
ListofFigures
ListofTables
ListofListings
ListofSidebars


BackCover
Writtenbyindustrythoughtleaders,JavaWeb
ServicesArchitectureisano-nonsenseguidetoweb
servicestechnologiesincludingSOAP,WSDL,UDDIand
theJAXAPIs.Thisbookisthetrustedadvisorto
systemsarchitectsandprovidesanunbiasedlookat
manyofthepracticalconsiderationsforimplementing
webservicesincludingauthorization,encryption,
transactionsandthefutureofWebServices.


JavaWebServicesArchitecture
JamesMcGovern
SameerTyagi
MichaelE.Stevens
SunilMathew

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AbouttheAuthors
JamesMcGoverniscurrentlyemployedasanenterprisearchitectfor
TheHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,Inc.andwritesthe"AskDoctor
Java"columnforJavaDevelopersJournal.Heistheleadauthorof
XQuery:RapidWorkingKnowledge(SamsPublishing).Heisalsothe
leadauthorofanupcomingbookentitledThePracticalGuideto
EnterpriseArchitecture(PrenticeHall).Jameshassixteenyearsof
experienceinInformationTechnology.JamesismemberoftheJava

CommunityProcessandisworkingonthePerformanceMetric
Instrumentation(JSR138)specification.Heholdsindustrycertifications
fromMicrosoft,Cisco,andSun,andisamemberoftheWorldwide
InstituteofSoftwareArchitects.Hecanbereachedat
<>
SameerTyagiiscoauthoroffourrecentbooksonJavatechnology:
ProfessionalJSP,ProfessionalJavaServerProgrammingJ2EEEdition,
andCoreJDO.HehaswrittennumerousmagazinearticlesforJava
World,JavaDevelopersJournal,JavaPro,JavaReport,and
Programmez(France).HehaseightyearsofexperienceinInformation
Technology.HeisemployedasanenterpriseJavaarchitectforSun
Micro-systemsandworksattheirJavaCenterinBurlington,
Massachusetts.Hecanbereachedat<>
MichaelE.StevensisemployedasanapplicationarchitectforThe
HartfordFinancialServicesGroup,Inc.HereceivedhisB.S.degreein
computersciencefromCentralConnecticutStateUniversityandisa
candidateforamaster'sdegreeincomputersciencefromRensselaer
PolytechnicInstitute.Hehasoverfourteenyears'experiencein
informationtechnologyandarchitectinganddevelopingsoftware
systems,mostrecentlyfocusingonJ2EEsolutions.Inadditiontohaving
foundedasoftwarecompanythatdevelopedsolutionsforthemailing
industry,MichaelisacolumnistforDeveloper.comandcoauthorofThe
PracticalGuidetoEnterpriseArchitecture(PrenticeHall).Heisacertified
JavaprogrammerandamemberoftheIEEEComputerSocietyandthe
ACM.Hecanbereachedat<>
SunilMathewhasfourteenyearsofexperienceinInformation


TechnologyandnowmanagestheJavaconsultingpracticeforSun
Microsystemsinthenortheast.Hehasextensiveexperienceworkingwith

senior-levelmanagementindefiningtechnicalstrategyandarchitecture
andinconductingtechnologyevaluations.Hecanbereachedat
<>
Acknowledgments
Thisbookistheresultofmanypeople'sefforts.Wewouldfirstliketo
thankouracquisitionseditor,LothlórienHomet,forprovinginsightinto
thepublishingindustryingeneralandallowingustofocusonwritinga
goodbookinsteadofsimplyfollowingapublishingformula.
Forabooktobesuccessfulrequirestheinputandfeedbackofmany
people.Wewouldliketoacknowledgethereviewerswhoreadourearly
work:theEBCteamatHartfordFinancialServices,MadhuSiddalingaiah,
CaseyKochmer,JasonBloomberg,MitchellSmith,BrianKernighan,and
AnneThomasManes.Wealsogratefullyacknowledgethereviewers:
DaveHollander,JimWebber,PeterHerzum,SangShin,andJeffRyan.
SpecialacknowledgementgoestoSOAPspecialistBenjaminNavarez,
whoparticipatedintheplanningstagesofthebookbutwasunabletojoin
thewritingteam.
JamesMcGovern
Iwouldliketothankmywife,Sherry;mymomanddad,Mattieand
James;mymother-in-law,Soogia;andmylatefather-in-law,Sylvester,
fortheirlove,encouragement,andeverlastingsupport.Iwouldalsolike
tothankmycoworkersatHartfordFinancialServicesforprovidingthe
rightbalanceofchallengeandsupport.Iwouldliketoacknowledgepast
coworkersatEnherentandCommandSystemsforprovidingmotivation,
suggestions,andconstructivecriticismthroughoutmycareer.Finally,I
wouldliketopraiseGodforhisblessingsandmercy.I,JamesJr.,
dedicatethisbooktomyperfectson,LittleJames(a.k.a.JamesIII).
SameerTyagi
IwouldliketodedicatethisbooktothepeoplewhotaughtmethethingsI

liketodo;toSteveAhlfieldandCarolineGoldman,forhelpingmemake
myfirstskydives;everyoneatExecutiveFliersandJohnHannah,for
helpingmewithmyfirstflyinglessons;SteveBurrows,whotaughtmemy
firstnoteontheguitar;BobPatz,whotaughtmetodriveontherightside
oftheroad;andRichardBach,forhiswritingsthatmademethinkwhenI
neededto;andNadinePelletier,forremindingmewhatajerkIcanbeat
times.
MichaelE.Stevens
Mylifehasbeentouchedbymanysouls.Iowemylifeandmyhappiness
tomywife,Rhonda,andmydaughter,Katie,withoutwhomIcouldnot
exist.Tomyfather,Ed,andmymother,Doris,IwouldnotbethepersonI
amtodaywithoutyourloveandsupport.Tomysisters,LoriandLisa,
thankyouforlifelongbondsthatIcherish.Tomynieceandnephew,
CodyandJessica,youbringmejoy.Tomylittleangel,Christine,youare
withmealways.
SunilMathew
IamindebtedtoStuStern,whoseinspiration,guidance,andadvice
shapedmycareer.Mycontributionstothisbookare,toalargeextent,a
directresultofknowledgegainedwhileworkingatSun.Aspecialthanks
tomyfriendsChrisSteelandShaunTerryforreviewingtheinitialdrafts
ofmychapters.Iacknowledgethehelpandsupportreceivedfrommy
colleaguesattheSunJavacenterinBostonandSomerset.Ofcourse,
thisendeavorwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupportand
encouragementfrommyparents,VerghisandSallyMathew,andfrom
Sajan,Sheila,Sumith,andAmita.


Foreword

AnAgileForeword
IwishIhadwrittenthisbook.Youreallyneedtoreaditifyou'rebuilding
orusingWebserviceswithJava.


APrescriptiveForeword
Istartedprogrammingintheearly1980swritingFortranoncards.
TechnologyhasclearlyimprovedsincethenandnowIdeveloplargescale,mission-criticalapplicationsusingmulti-tieredJ2EEandWeb
services.Notonlyhavetechnologiesimprovedinthistime,sohave
methodologies.InthepastIpreferredaprescriptiveapproachto
development,onethatwasdocumentationheavyandwhichrequired
largeteamsofprofessionalstobuildcomplexsystems.AsIgained
greaterexperienceIcametorealizethattheoverheadofprescriptive
processesmadetheminappropriateformostmodernefforts.Icameto
realizethatamorestreamlinedapproach,onethatfocusesondoingjust
theminimumrequiredtogetthejobdone,wasmuchmoreeffective.In
otherwordsIhavelearnedthatanagileapproachisoftensuperiortoa
prescriptiveapproach.
Sowhatdoesthathavetodowiththisbook?Thisbookistheequivalent
ofmy"agileforeword"—itfocusesonexactlywhatyouneedtogetthe
jobdonewithoutgoingintoneedlessfluff.Eachchaptercoversasingle
conceptthatiscriticaltoyoursuccessdevelopingand/orusingWeb
servicesinJava.Thechaptersarewellwritten,andmoreimportantly
theyarewrittenbydeveloperswithreal-worldexperience.Eachchapter
conciselycoverstheconceptsthatwouldbefoundinaspecializedbook
tentimesaslong.Yeteachchapterisn'tsimplyanoverview;insteaditis
athoroughdiscussionthatdescribeseverythingyouneedtoknowtobe
effective.Thisbookisreallywelldone.
Forthemostpartthisbookfocusesontechnology.Becausethetrue

focusofagilesoftwaredevelopmentisonpeople,myagileanalogy
doesn'tquitework.That'sokay;theimportantthingisthatIcameupwith
anewapproachtowritingaforewordthathasnottomyknowledgebeen
triedbefore.IguessI'lljusthavetolearntolivewiththeguilt.
PartOnedescribesthefoundationsofWebservices,coveringthebasics
thateverydeveloperneedstounderstand.Thissectioncouldveryeasily
havebeenabookonitsown.PartTwodoesanincrediblejobofcovering
theJavatechnologies—JWSDP,JAXP,JAX-RPC,JAXM,JAXR,and
JAXB—forWebservices.PartThreeandtheAppendicescovertopics


criticaltoyoursuccess.Inshort,youwanttoreadthisbookcoverto
cover.Icouldgointogreaterdetailbuttherealityisthatit'seasierforyou
tosimplyreadthroughtheTableofContents.
SeewhatImean?Prettyimpressive.Althoughthisbookislargeitcovers
everythingyouneedtobecomeaneffectiveWebservicesdeveloper.I
cansafelysaythatyouwouldneedtopurchaseseveralbookstoobtain
materialequivalenttowhatiscontainedhere.Sostopreadingthis
forewordandbuythebookalready!
ScottW.Ambler
SeniorConsultant,RoninInternational,Inc.(www.ronin-intl.com)
Co-authorofMasteringEJB2/eandTheElementsofJavaStyle


Preface
Inmanyorganizations,applicationscanbegroupedintotwobroad
categories:(1)outward-facingfront-officeorWebapplicationsthat
involveuserinteractionand(2)back-officeapplicationsbasedon
enterpriseinformationresources(EIS)thatareorientedtowardrunning
thecorebusiness.Webservicesholdthepromisetoprovideasolution

thatwillallowinteroperabilitybetweenthetwoapproaches.
FromtheFortune500totheInternetstartup,eachITdepartmenthasa
guidingsetofprinciplesthatincludeeliminatingapplicationsilos,sharing
criticalinformationbetweenapplications,usingopenstandardsto
eliminatevendorlock-in,andrelyingonproven,stabletechnologiesto
maximizereturnoninvestmentandreducetotalcostofownership.
Webservicesaremodularbusinessprocessapplications,basedonopen
Internetstandards,thatareabletodescribetheirownfunctionalityand
locateanddynamicallyinteractwithotherWebservices.Theyprovidea
methodfordifferentorganizationstoconductdynamice-businessacross
theInternet,regardlessoftheapplicationorthelanguageinwhichthe
servicewasimplemented.
ThebiggestbenefitWebservicesprovideisapplicationinteroperability.
Traditionalapproachesrequiredthattwoapplicationsworktogether
creatinglotsofworkandevenmoreplanning.Tobesuccessful,users
hadtoagreeonstandardmechanismsfordatapassing,theplatformsto
beused,andsoon.Thekeytoacost-effective,agileintegrationisto
convertthesetightlycoupledapplicationsintolooselycoupleddistributed
applications,byseparatingbusinesslogicfromthedatalayer.Web
servicesusingJavaandXMLtechnologiesarethekeytomakingthis
possible.
TheWebservicesapproachusesWSDL(todescribe),UDDI(to
advertise),andSOAP(tocommunicate).Webserviceswillbethe
approachusedinthefuturetoextendanorganization'svaluechain.
ManyprominentbookandmagazineauthorsofWebserviceshaveused
thetechnologytocreatehypeandhaveevenconvincedmanyitisthe
HolyGrailthatwillsolvetheirintegrationwoes.Whilenotechnologycan


liveuptoitshype,therealpowerofWebservicesintheimmediatefuture

maybetoallowlegacysystemstocommunicatewitheachother.Large
corporationsfaceproblemsextendingtheiroldmainframesystemsand
havetriedusingmessagingorientedmiddleware,withlotsofeffort
expendedbutmarginalsuccess.Webserviceswillenablebothtwohundred-year-oldFortune500organizationsandInternetstartupstobe
successfulinextendingtheirsystemsandservicestotradingpartners,
customers,andotherthirdparties.
Overthenextcoupleofyears,Webserviceswillbecomethedefacto
methodforcommunicationbetweeninformationsystems.Forthose
readyforthejourney,thisbookisaguidetothebestapproachto
architectingscalable,robust,extensibleWebservicesinJava.


Audience
ThereisnodoubtthatWebservicesareahottopic.Thetermisstrewn
throughoutthesoftwaredevelopmentindustryandacrossthemedia.
Withoutadoubt,manypublisherswillprovidebooksoneachcomponent
inWebservicesarchitecture,withtonsofcodescatteredacrossmultiple
pages.
Thisisn'toneofthosebooks.Theauthorteam—notonlyaswritersbut
aspurchasersofbooksthemselves—wantedtowriteabookthatallows
architectsanddevelopersaliketounderstandwhatittakestobe
successfulinthearchitectureandimplementationofWebservicesusing
Java.OurgoalistoprovideabroadoverviewofthemajorJ2EE
technologiesandhowtheywillhelpyousucceedinaWebservices
paradigm.JavaandJ2EEtechnologiesprovideyouwithpartsthatcan
bejoinedtocreatetheperfectsolutionforyourorganization.Eachofthe
J2EEcomponentsusedtobuildaWebserviceexploitsanother.Itis
equallyimportanttoshowhoweachoftheJ2EEtechnologiesworks
together.
Ifyouareachieftechnologyofficer,architect,developer,orevena

managerandappreciateano-frillsintroductiontoJavaandWeb
services,thisisthebookforyou.Theauthorteamhasdiligentlytriedto
createtheultimateguidethatexplainsthearchitectureofaJavaWeb
service.Westrivetoprovideenoughdetailtosatisfyouraudience,to
provideleading-edgebutpracticalexamplestoillustratehowWeb
servicescanbeappliedtoexistingbusinessandtechnologyinitiatives.
Whereadditionaldetailisrequired,weprovidethestepping-stoneand
pointoutothersourcesofinformation.


ContentsofThisBook
Webservicesistheconvergenceofasuiteoftechnologiesintoa
cohesivewhole.Itunifiesapproachesthatweasanindustryhavebeen
doinginastandalonemannerformanyyears.Javaisapowerful
technologythathascontributedtothesuccessfuldevelopmentofmany
large,mission-criticalenterpriseapplicationsyetonitsownisrelatively
powerless.WhenanenterprisecombinesJavawithotherindustry
principlessuchasXML,UML,objectorientation,designpatterns,anda
goodsoftwaredevelopmentprocess,itcancreatemeaningfulservices
withstrongvaluepropositions:thekeytoWebservicesandthisbook.
Werecommendthatthechaptersinthisbook,oratleastineachpart,be
readinorder,aseachchapterbuildsonthepreviousone.
PartIprovidesanoverviewofthemotivationbehindthecreation
ofWebservicesandtheirusage.Itbrieflycovershowtostart
designingaWebserviceandsomeoftheinfrastructureandother
basiccomponentsusedinWebserviceconstruction.Itjumpsinto
thestandardsandtechnologiesusedinallWebservices,
regardlessofthelanguageimplemented.Hereyouwilllearn
aboutSimpleObjectAccessProtocol(SOAP),WebServices
DescriptionLanguage(WSDL),andUniversalDescription,

DiscoveryandIntegration(UDDI).
PartIIcoversalltheJAXAPIsthatarethefoundationofWeb
serviceswithinJava.You'lllearnaboutthebasicusageofthe
APIsandsomeadvancedtechniques.
PartIIIexploresadvancedtopicsthatarenotdirectlyrelatedto
JavabutarethingstothinkaboutwhenarchitectingaJavabasedWebservice.Itincludeschecklists,tips,andadditional
resources.
ThisbookassumesyouunderstandJavaandhavehadreal-world
experiencewiththelanguage.ItscoverageofJavaislimitedtotheAPIs
neededtodeployaWebservice.AlltheexamplesuseJava,butan
understandingofanotherobject-orientedlanguageissufficient.Wealso


assumeyouhavebasicfamiliaritywithXMLanditssyntax.
Wehaveintentionallyavoidedpresentatinganyformalsoftware
developmentprocessforWebservices.Theonlyprocessesmentionedin
thisregardarethosethataretime-testedandproventoleadyouto
success.
UMLnotationisexpansive.Thisbooklimitsitsexamplesandusageof
UMLtousecases,classdiagrams,andsequencediagrams,astheseare
themostusefulinthedevelopmentlifecycle.Withineachofthesetypes,
welimitourdiagrams'complexitytotheleveltypicallycoveredinan
introductorybook.
Becausedesignpatternsareusedextensivelyinthisbook,wehopeyou
havesomefamiliaritywiththetopic.Weassumeyouhaveabasic
understandingofsomeofthemostfrequentlyusedpatternswithJ2EE,
suchasProxy,Adapter,Composite,ChainofResponsibility,Observer,
andBridge.Ifyouareunfamiliarwiththistopic,wesuggestthe
immediatepurchaseofCoreJ2EEPatternsandDesignPatterns.

MiscellaneousRamblings
Authorsandreadersalikehavetheirownreligionswhenitcomestothe
bestwaytoexplainagiventopic.Inthisbook,mostoftheexamplesdo
notcontainablow-by-blowdescriptionofwhatthecodeisdoing.Thisis
intentional.Longlistsofcodearehardforreaderstofollowandprovide
nolong-termbenefit.Readersspendtimelearningthevariablenaming
conventionsandaspects,whichdistractsthemfromlearningaboutthe
topicathand.
WehavealsodecidedagainstprintingoutJavadocs,whicharefreely
availablefordownloadfromthewww.java.sun.comsite.
Wehavealsoavoidedwritingabookthatcontainshighlyspeculative
informationonspecificationsnotevenclosetorelease.Whileweare
earlyadoptersofmanytechnologiesusedtocreateWebservices,we
havedecidedtocreateabookthathasalongershelflifeandprovides
moreforyourmoney.
ThemomentumofJavaandWebserviceswillhelprevolutionize
informationtechnology.Theauthorteamhasdebatedcountlesshours
overthe"best"waytohelpothersbuildsolutionsthatareextremely
scalable,highlyavailable,andeasilymaintainable.Manylatenightshave
resultedin,wehope,therightmixofarchitecturaladviceand
implementationdetails.


ConventionsUsedinThisBook
TextandCode
WeobservecodeguidelinesdescribedinScottAmbler'snaming
convention(www.ambysoft.com).Whereelementsaresubjectto
interpretation,wehaveleftthechoiceuptoeachauthor.
Toavoidambiguity,weemployfullmethodsignaturesthroughoutthe

book,includingemptyparenthesesafterthenameofano-argument
method.Thesoleexceptiontothispracticeisforoverloadedmethods,
suchasprintln.
ThevocabularyinthisbookconformstotheJava,UML,anddesign
patternsusage.Whereappropriate,weusenonstandardJava
terminology(afterfirstalertingthereader),coinanewterm,ortake
exceptiontotheofficialdefinition.
Thetermsapplicationserver,server,andJ2EEapplicationserverare
usedinter-changeably.Unlessotherwisenoted,thesetermsallrefertoa
J2EEapplicationserver.
ForadditionalinformationonUML,werecommendUMLDistilledand
UnifiedModelingLanguageUserGuide.

Graphics
ThegraphicalconventionsusedherearebasedontheUnifiedModeling
Language(UML)standard.UMLisamodelinglanguageforobjectorientedandcomponent-baseddevelopment.OnlysubsetsoftheUML
diagramsareused.ThethreeprimaryUMLdiagramsusedandof
interesttoourreadersareusecases,sequencediagrams,andclass
diagrams.Usecasesshowinteractions,classdiagramsdepictthestatic
structureofclasses,andsequencediagramsshowdynamicobject
interaction.Becausedifferentnotationscanbeusedtorepresentthe
samemodel,FiguresP.1throughP.3illustratehowweusetheseUML
conventions.


FigureP.1illustratestheconnectors,arrows,andotherelementsina
standardUMLclassdiagram,alongwithdifferenttypesofassociations.


FigureP.1:UMLClassDiagram

FigureP.2illustratestheconnectorsandotherelementsusedina
standardUMLsequencediagram.


FigureP.2:UMLSequenceDiagram
FigureP.3illustratestheconnectorsandotherelementsusedina
standardUMLusecasediagram.



FigureP.3:UMLUseCaseDiagram
Codetermsareindicatedbyamonospacedfont,includinginterfaces,
methods,variables,deploymentdescriptorelements,andprogramming
languagekeywords(e.g.,"usesaServiceFactoryobject,""invokesthe
getServiceConfigmethod").


MoreInformation
ThefirstsourceofadditionalinformationonWebservicesandJavaisthe
J2EEWebsite,Thefollowingarerelatedto
WebservicesandtheJavaJ2EEplatformandareofparticularinterest:

Books
Alur,D.,Crupi,J.,andMalks,D.CoreJ2EEPatterns.PrenticeHall,
2001.
Booch,G.,Rumbaugh,J.,andJacobson,I.TheUnifiedModeling
LanguageUserGuide.Addison-Wesley,1999.
Fowler,M.,andScott,K.UMLDistilled,2ndedition.AddisonWesley,2000.
GammaE.,HelmR.,JohnsonR.,andVlissides,J.DesignPatterns:
ElementsofReusableObject-OrientedSoftware.Addison-Wesley,

1994.
Kassem,N.,etal.DesigningEnterpriseApplicationswiththeJava
2Platform,EnterpriseEdition.Addison-Wesley,2000.
Matena,V.,andStearns,B.ApplyingEnterpriseJavaBeans:
Component-BasedDevelopmentfortheJ2EEPlatform.AddisonWesley,2000.
Reed,P.DevelopingApplicationswithJavaandUML.AddisonWesley,2002.

WebSites
JavaCommunityProcess.www.jcp.org.
SunMicrosystems.EnterpriseJavaBeansspecification.
/>

———.JavaAPIforXMLBinding(JAXB)specification.
/>———.JavaAPIforXMLMessaging(JAXM)specification.
/>———.JavaAPIforXMLProcessing(JAXP)specification.
/>———.JavaAPIforXMLRegistries(JAXR)specification.
/>———.JavaAPIforXMLRemoteProcedureCalls(JAX-RPC)
specification. />———.JavaAPIforXMLTransactions(JAXTX)specification.
/>———.JavaAuthenticationandAuthorizationService(JAAS).
/>———.JavaAuthenticationandAuthorizationServicespecification.
/>———.JavaBeansActivationFrameworkSpecification.
/>———.JavaNamingandDirectoryInterfacespecification.
/>OrganizationfortheAdvancementofStructuredInformationStandards
(OASIS).UniversalDescription,DiscoveryandIntegration(UDDI)
specification.www.uddi.org.
WorldWideWebConsortium(W3C).SimpleObjectAccessProtocol
(SOAP)specification.www.w3.org/TR/SOAP.
———.WebServicesDescriptionLanguage(WSDL)specification.
www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.

Disclaimer
ThesourcecodeusedinthisbookisavailableontheaccompanyingCD.
Thecodeisfreeandmaybeusedasyourheartdesires,withthesole
restrictionthatyoumaynotclaimtobetheauthor.Neitherthepublisher,
theauthors,northeirrespectiveemployersprovideanyformofwarranty
onthecodeorguaranteeitsusefulnessforanyparticularpurpose.
Theauthorteamandeditorshaveworkedhardtobringyouaneasy-tounderstand,accurateguidetoJavaWebservicesarchitecture.Ifyoufind
anymistakes,wewouldappreciateyourcontactingusatouremail
addressesgivenattheendofthebook.Weequallyappreciateany
comments,suggestions,andpraise.
Thisbookusesforitsexamplesafictitiousonlinefinancialservices
organizationnamedFluteBank.Anyexamplecompanies,organizations,
products,domainnames,emailaddresses,people,places,andevents
depictedhereinarefictitious.Noassociationwithanyrealcompany,
organization,product,domainname,emailaddress,person,place,or
eventisintendedorshouldbeinferred.


PartOne:TheFoundation