Hoạch định chương trình đào tạo và phát triển kỹ năng nghề nghiệp cho nhân viên vận hành sản xuất tại công ty liên doanh lever việt nam

BO GIAo DUC VA E>AO TAO
TRVdNG DAI HQC K.INH TE TP. H6 CHI MINH

TRAN MINH QUAN

HOACH
E>INH
TAO
.
. ~ CHlldNG TRiNH E>AO
.
~
VA PHAT TRIEN KV NANG NGHE NGHII;P
.n.'
CHO NHAN VIEN V~N HANH SAN XUAT
T~l CQNG TV LIEN DOANH LEVER VIeT NAM
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Chuyen nganh: Qulm Tri Kinh Doanh
Ma s6: 60.34.05

LUAN
. vAN THAC
. si KINH TE

NGUOI Hu'dNG DAN KHOA HQC:
TS. NGUYEN TAN KHUYEN

5/jAUJL


Toi cam doan cac n9i dung
cua lu$1n van nay dLJqc hlnh thanh
va phat tritn

tu nhung quan ditm ca nhan cua toi

dU'Oi Slf hl16ng d~n cua th~y TS. Nguy~n T~n KhuySn.
~

Toi xin ch[u trach nhi~m hoan toan vS n9i dung cua lu$1n van.

MVCLVC

cnuONG I: GIOI THitu ................................................................................................. !
1.1.LY DO HINH THANHE>E TAl ....................................................................................... 1
1.2. Ml,JC TIEU E>E TAL ..................................................................................................... 1
13Y
- THl,J'C TIEN
" CUA
• E>E;,
. . NGHIA

, .............................................................................. 2
TAl

1.4. PHAM VI NGHIEN cuu ............................................................................................... 2
1.5. PHUONG PHAP THl,l'C Hlf!N ......................................................................................... 2

1.5.1. PhuC!ng phap thu

th~p stf lifu ......................................................................... 2

1.5.2. PhuC!ng phap nghien cuu ................................................................................ 3
16B"'
. . 0 ClJC LUAN vAN ................................................................................................... 3
v

A

rf
"

rl
~
"'
CHu<1NG
II: T...ml'
u;C NGHII):M
VA' Cu
Su
LY' THUYET
............................................ 5

2.1. V AI TRO evA E>Ao TAO E>OI vd1 sl,l' PHAT TRIEN c6NG TY TRONG BOI cANH CANH

"' QUOC
"' TE"' ........................................................................................ .. 5
TRANH KINH TE
2.2.

KINH NGHif!M THl,l'c TIEN v:E sl,l' THANH c6NG evA MOT s6 cAc c6NG TY LON TREN
THE md1 c6 LIEN QUAN E>EN v1l3c E>Ao TAO vA PHAT TRIEN NHA.N VIEN ..................... 7

2.2.1. Bai hQc tit Motorola ......................................................................................... 7
2.2.2. Bai hQc tit Tae Kwang Vina .............................................................................. 9
2.2.3. Bai hQc tit Tire Plus ....................................................................................... 10
23
' PHATTRIEN
,
"' NGHE;, NGHI];'i:P .................................................................. 12
. . D'AO TAO VA
A

2.3.1. Khai nifm ....................................................................................................... 12
2•3 •2• M (.lC tleu
'" cua d'ao t{lo va' p h,
•N ................................................................ . 12
at trzen
?

2.3 .3. Trach nhifm cua b9 ph~n dao t{lO va ph at triln ............................................. 13

2.4.

CHu'dNG TRINH E>Ao TAO v A PHAT TRIEN ............................................................... 13

2.4.1. Phtin tfch nhu cdu dao t{lO va phat triln .............................. .......................... . 14
2.4.2. Ho{lch djnh chuC!ng trznh dao t{lo ................................................................... 15
, c h'l tzeu
'" can
~ u{lt
.;1
' h uao
.;1'
•N .................. . 19
cua mQt ch LtCing trm
t{lo va' p h,
at tnen
2.4 . 3 . Cac
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A

2.4.4. Danh gia hi?u qua dao t{lo ............................................................................. 19

MTJ-ClTJ-C


Cmf3.1. GIOI THI~U TAP BOAN UNILEVER VA UNILEVER VI~T NAM ..................................... 20
3.2. GIOI THI~U C6NG TY LIEN DOANH LEVER VI~T NAM ............................................... 21

3.2.1. San phtlm ...................................................................................................... 24
3.2.2. Sa d6 t6 chac cua cong ty lien doanh Lever Vift Nam .................................. 25
3.3. Sl,1 PHAT TRIEN CUA LEVER VI~T NAM TA.O NEN NHUNG THACH THUC v A cd H(n BOI
26
VOl Slj PHAT TRIEN TAY NGHE NHAN VIEN .............................................................. .
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GIA' CAC
BIEM BEN TRONG .................................................................... . 35
3 .4 . E> ANH
,1!

A

341
A'
. . . £)v
t;tc d'K
lem n hA
an vlen vt;tn h'an h san xuat
........................................................ .. 36
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3.4.2. Hot;tt dl)ng san xudt ........................................................................................ 37
3.4.3. Hot;tt dl)ngTPM............................ ................................................................... 39
3.4.4. Hot;tt dl)ng dew tt;to va phdt triin tay nghi ..................................................... .40

Cmf4.1. Sd Bo HOACH BJNH cmJdNG TRINH BAo TAO v A PHAT TRIEN KY NANG NGHE NGH$P
cHo THQ vAN HANH TAl c6NG TY LEVER VI~T NAM .............................................. .44

4.2. PHAN TfCH NHU CAU .............................................................................................. 44
4.3. HOACHBJNH cHVdNGTRINH BAo TAO vA PHATTRIEN KY NANG ............................ 49

4.3.1.

M~c

tieu ......................................................................................................... 49

4.3.2. Nl)i dung ........................................................................................................ 49
4.3.3. Hinh thac dao tt;to ........................................................................................... 58
4.3.4. Cdc nguyen tdc h6 tr(l ....................................................... ............................. 60
4.4. PHAN TfCH NHAN VIEN ........................................................................................... 60

4.4.1. PhU(}flg phdp phan tfch nhan vien di xdc djnh nhu cdu cua m6i nguiJi.. ......... 62
4 . 4 . 2.

c,ac bU(Jc, tnen
•K kh al• d..?
, d'1nh n h u cau
~ cua mm th(1 vt;tn h'
e xac
an h .................... . 65
?

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A

4.5. E>o LUONG vABANH mA HI~u QUABAo TAO vAPHATTRIENTAY NGHE ................. 67
"'
" VA

'
"'
CHULU~N
KIEN
NGHJ ................................................................... 69

5.1. KETLUAN .............................................................................................................. 69

5 .2. KIEN NGHJ NHUNG NGHIEN cuu TIEP THEO ............................................................. 70

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DANH MUC
. BANG BIEU HINH VE
Bang 1: cau hoi va tra loi ve dao te;to & phat tri€n nhan vi en trong thLfC ti€n ........ 7
Bang 2: thi ph~n cac nganh hang nam 2005 va ffi\lC tieu 2006 ............................ 26
Bang 3: ce;tnh tranh hoa my ph~m te;ti thi tru'ong Vi~t Nam ................................... 33
Bang 4: slf da de;tng trong quy each dong g6i va to'c d() thay the'htmg nam .......... 38
Bang 5: chu'ong trinh dao te;to th<;1 v~n hanh cong ty Lever Vi~t Nam .................. 55

Hlnh 1: so d6 cac bu'oc cua m()t chu'ong trlnh dao te;to va phat tri€n ..................... 13
Hlnh 2: to'c d() tang tru'dng doanh thu hang nam cua Unilever Vi~t Nam ............ 21
Hlnh 3: to'c d() gia tang san lu'qng hang nam cua Lever Vi~t Nam ...................... 22
~ d"
• tang san 1u'qng b"Qt g1e;tt xuat
~ kh;?
mm h 4 :toe
Q g1a
au .......................................... . 28
w

?

•w

" d~e ng h"l cal tlen
~ cua mQt th <;1 ve;tn
" h'an h ...................... .29
mm h 5 : b1eu d~o blnh quan
.;!

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IDnh 6: bi€u d6 chi phi d~u tu' va tien tie't ki~m hang nam tu hoe;tt d()ng TPM .... 29

IDnh 7: bi€u d6 so sanh chi phi san xu~t cac cong ty hang d~u the' gioi .............. 30

mmh8. :co cau
~ tum
;~. va
, tn'nhd"Q nh"an v1en
.,.. ve;tn
" h'an h san xuat
~ .............................. . 37
?

IDnh 9: so d6 hoe;tch dinh chu'ong trlnh dao te;to th<;1 v~n hanh .............................. .44
Hlnh 10: so dd phan tich nhan vien d€ xac dinh nhu c~u cua thq v~n hanh ......... 63

Dank m{lC bang bie'u h'inh ve


DANHMl)C CAC CHUVIETTATVA YNGHiA

TPM: Total Productive Maintenance.
HACCP: Hazard Analyst and Critical Control Point.
GMP: Good Manufacturing Practice (h~ thO'ng thlfc h~mh san xua't tO't).
SHE: Safety Health Environment.
UQCS: Unilever Quality and Consumer Safety.
LSUPA: Line Supervisor With Safety Audit.
6 Sigma: mo hlnh cai tie'n cha't ht<:jng theo 6 sigma.
AM: Autonomous Maintenance (Tlf chii bao du'ong).
KAIZEN (FI: focused improvement) cai tie'n c6 trqng tam.
OHS: Occupation Health and Safety Management System OHSAS 18001 (H~ thO'ng
quan ly an to~m sue khoe nghe nghi~p ciia BSI- Bristish Standard Institution).

Environment Management System ISO 14001 (H~ thO'ng quan ly moi tru'ong).
Quality Management System ISO 9001 (H~ thO'ng quan ly cha't lu'<:jng).
ERP: enterprise resource planning (h~ thO'ng ho£.lch d!nh ali nguyen doanh nghi~p ).
WW: cong Ct;l phan tfch Why Why.
WWBLA: Why Why Because Logical Analyst (cong ct;t phan tfch c6 ki~m chung).
IE: Industrial Engineering (cong ct;t phan tich IE).
4M = Fishbone: cong ct;t phan tfch Man, Machine, Method, Material.
PM analyst: cong ct;t phan tfch cao ca'p PM.
OPL: One Point Lesson (cong ct;t bai hqc m()t diEm)
SPC: Statistic Process Control (kiEm soat qua trlnh b~ng thO'ng ke).

Viet tilt va y nghia


OJT: On The Job Training (dao t~o qua cong vi~c).
QA, QM matrix: rna tr~n cha't lu'qng QA, QM.
VCS: visual control system (h~ th6ng qmin ly b~ng miit)
5S: S~ch Se, Siip X8p, Sang LQc, San S6c, S~n Sang.
JIPM: Japan Institution Planned Maintenance (H9c vi~n bao trl Nh~t Ban).
SMART: Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Realistict, Time Bound.
OEE: Overall Efficiency Equipment (Hi~u sua't v~n hanh t6ng th€ ciia thi8t bi).
QDI: Quality Demerit Indicator (Chi s616i cha't lttqng)
AQL: Acceptable Quality Level (Muc cha't lu'qng cha'p nh~n dttqc)
QA: Quality Assurance (Phong Bam bao cha't lu'qng).
HR: Human Resource (Phong Nhan st;().
Eng.:Engineer (Phong Cd di~n).
Production: B() ph~n san xua't (Nha may, phan xu'Cing).
T&D: Training and Development (Phong dao t~o, trt;(c thu()c Phong nhan sl;t').
PDCA: quy trlnh PDCA (plan - do- check- act).
MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet (an toan hoa cha't).

UABC: 16i cha't lttqng theo 4 ca'p d() U, A, B, C.
L6i U: khong cha'p nh~n.
L6i A: 16i nghiem tr9ng.
L6i B: 16i n~ng.
L6i C: 16i nhy.

Viet tdt

va y nghia


Luijn Van Th{lc Si

Trang 1

fJ{li Hpc Kinh TlTP.HCM

Y/141!1'/41'71/I/AI'/Ar/HY.IJII'/AY/A"/I/A'/.N/D/I.411'71/I/1/K/I/AT/.1/I/.IY/I/I/AIVI/I/H/A1'7AI'/I'/I'/H/A'/I/AY/6AIPAY/4Y/H/IAIII'/AI'/I'/H/I/I/I/I/I/Af'/I/.IIY,/I/I/I/AI'/Ar/D/K/I/I/AT/I/8/I'/I/A!?/I/I/Ar/A

CHU'ONG 1: GIOI TH~U
1.1. Ly do hinh thanh d~ tai
Cong ty lien doanh Lever Vi<$t Nam sau hon 10 nam hinh th~mh va phcH tri~n da
c6 nhii'ng bu'oc tie'n vu'<;1t tr(>i tren thi tn.tong cac san phffm cham soc sue khoe ca
nhan va gia dlnh. Sl,f phat tri~n khong ngung cung voi phu'ong thuc kinh doanh
d(>c dao, hi<$n d~i cua Lever Vi<$t N am da lam thay d6i h~n di<$n m~o cua thi
tru'ong c~nh tranh my phffm va cac cha't tffy n'ia t~i Vi<$t Nam. Trong sl,l' thanh
cong nay, nhan

t6 chinh quye't djnh cac thilng l<;1i cua cong ty trong cac ke' ho~ch

san xua't kinh doanh la tinh chuyen nghi<$p va sue sang t~o d(>t pha cua d(>i ngfi
nhan vien cong ty. f)~ khai thac va phat huy t6i da du'<;1c he't nang ll,l'c va kha nang
tu' duy cua mQi ngu'oi, cong ty da luon chu tr<;>ng de'n cac ho~t d(>ng dao t~o va
phat tri~n cac ky nang ngh~ nghi<$p cho nhan vien.
Tru'oc nhii'ng va'n d~ tren, sau khi can nhilc cffn th~n, toi quye't dinh ch<;>n d~ tai:
"Ho~ch dinh chu'ong trinh dao t~o va phat tri~n ky nang ngh~ nghi<$p cho nhan

vien v~n hanh cac day chuy~n san xua't t~i cong ty lien doanh Lever Vi<$t Nam"
nhu' la n~n tang cho vi<$c tie'n hanh cac chu'ong trinh dao t~o va phat tri~n tay
ngh~ nhan vien lien tl;lc, nhilm mgc dich h6 tr<;1 doanh nghi<$p hon nii'a trong vi<$c

khai thac m(>t each c6 hi<$u qua ll,l'c lu'<;1ng lao d(>ng va nang cao vi the' c~nh tranh
cua minh t~i thi tru'ong hoa my phffm Vi<$t Nam.

1.2. M\lc tieu d~ tai
Phan tich va thie't l~p m(>t chu'ong trinh dao t~o va phat tri~n cac ky nang ngh~
nghi<$p cho nhan vien

v~n

hanh may

t~i

cong ty lien doanh Lever Vi<$t Nam dl,l'a

tren nhu c~u cua nhan vien, yeu c~u cua nha quan ly va mong d<;1i cua cong ty,
chu'dng trlnh nay se lam n~n tang chi d~o cho vi<$c tie'n hanh ta't ca cac ho~t d(>ng
dao t~o va phat tri~n tay ngh~ lien tgc, qua d6 lam gia tang dang k~ kha nang
c~nh

tranh cua cong ty trong hi<$n t~i va tu'dng lai.

Hpc vien: Triln Minh Qulin


LuQ,n Van Th(lc Si

Trang 2

D(li Hvc Kink Te'TP.HCM

'YI/A'/A'/K/I/I/I/N/I/I/I/I/.AY/I/IQI/A!J'/I/H/Ar/AIYAVI/AI'/AY/I/I/JI~:I'/I/U/D/I'/.DYAT/-"'/1'71/I/API/I/AY/AI'/I/I/.N/N/I/I/AI'/I/AI'/H'/I/""-"7AI'Jiii'YAT/I/K/AY/AI'YI/A'Aiii'YI/N/I/I/N/H/N/I/I/I/il

1.3.

y nghia thtfc ti~n cua d~ tai

Xay dlfng m9t chu'dng trlnh khung th6ng nha't d€ cong ty tie"n hanh cac ho~t d{)ng
dao t~o va phat tri€n tay nghe cho nhan vien v~n hanh may.
La tai li<$u tham khao hil'u ich cho cac nha ho~ch dinh chie"n 1u'lien VOi th\l'C ti~n va XUfft phat tU nhu C~U th~t S\1' CUa nhan Vien dva yeu c~u cua nha quan 1y d6i voi nhan vien.
Giup nang cao vi the" c~nh tranh cua cong ty tren thi tru'ong thong qua vi<$c nang
cao nang 1\l'c cua d{)i ngil th
1.4.

Ph~m

v~n

hanh.

vi nghien cdu

Vl nhung dieu ki<$n khach quan cilng nhu' nhung gioi h~n ve m~t ngu6n 1\l'C, nen
de tai nay chi bao g6m ph~n ho~ch dinh, tuc 1a phii'n dii'u cua qua trznh ho{/-ch

djnh- thlfc hi?n- danh gia hi?u qua chu'dng trlnh dao t~o va phat tri€n ky nang
nghe nghi<$p (tay nghe) cho nhan vien v~n hanh cac day chuyen san xua't t~i cong
ty lien doanh Lever Vi<$t Nam thu{)c t~p doan Uni1ever Vi<$t Nam.

1.5. Phtidng phap thtfc hi~n
1.5.1. Phudng phap thu thl)p sffli?u
Thu th~p thong tin thu ca'p: tlm kie"m cac thong tin anh hu'dng de"n ho~t d{)ng cua
cong ty

tu mvc tieu tang tru'dng cua t~p doan Unilever Vi<$t Nam nhu' ke" ho~ch

md r{)ng quy mo ho~t d{)ng cua cong ty trong tu'dng 1ai, vi<$c d6i moi cong ngh<$
san xufft, vi<$c cai tie"n chfft 1u'dao t~o va phat tri€n lien tvc tay nghe nhan vien.
Thu th~p thong tin sd ca'p: nghien ctl'u t~i cac b{) ph~n, nha may san xua't trong
cong ty Lever Vi<$t' Nam b~ng cac quan sat th\l'c nghi<$m, phu'dng phap chuyen
gia, thao 1u~n nh6m...mQt each tr\l'C tie"p nh~m bie"t du'cua d{)i ngil nhan vien v~n hanh cac day chuyen san xua't.

Hvc vien: Tra'n Minh Qulin

Luljn Van Th(lc Si

Trang 3

Bq,i H(Jc Kinh T(TP.HCM

'YI/A1'.41/Y/I/AI"/I/.N/I/.N/I/.N/AYHYAT/.N/.N/I/IYN'AIY/K/I/I/AF/I/17.1/I/4'Y.H/I/.N/I/AY/N'/I/A'/H'/DYH/N'/AP/..tiV/I/.N/49'1/H/HYI'~/I/AI'/#/I/H'/IY.N/I/.N/AI'/AI"/N/I/Ar/I/A'/A"/.4fiY/A?/AI'/I/A7/N/H/.D/A

1.5.2. Phlldng phap nghien cftu
Tu nhung thong tin tren, tie'n hanh phan tich cac di[ic di€m ben trong cilng nhu' cac
thach thuc ngh8 nghi~p va cd h<)i phat tri€n tay ngh8 cua nhan vien bdi cac ap h;t'c
tu sl;t' tang tru'dng qua nhanh cua cong ty d€ xac dinh nhu c~u dao t~o va phat
tri€n tay ngh8.
Ho~ch dinh chu'dng trlnh dao t~o va phat tri€n tay ngh8 tren cd sd nhung thach

thuc va cac di€m ye'u hi~n t~i cua thq v~n hanh.
Xay dlfng mo hlnh phan tich nhan vien d€ xac dinh chfnh xac thq v~n hanh nao
c6 nhu c~u dao t~o v8

ky nang gl trong s6 cac ky nang cua chu'dng trlnh.

1.6. BO' ct;~c Iu~n van
Lu~n van du'qc vie't khoang 70 trang, bao g6m cac ph~n chfnh sau:

Chu'dng 1: Gioi Thi~u (4 trang)
Neu len ly do hlnh thanh d8 tai, mvc tieu d8 tai, y nghia thl;t'c tien, ph~m vi
nghien CUu va phu'dng phap thl;t'c hi~n d8 tai.
Chudng 2: Thlfc Nghi~m va Cd Sd Ly Thuye't (15 trang)
Kinh nghi~m thl;t'c tien v8 sl;t' thanh cong cua m<)t

s6 cac cong ty Ion c6 lien quan

de'n vi~c dao t~o va phat tri€n tay ngh8 nhan vien.
Cac cd sd ly thuye't c~n thie't cho vi~c hlnh thanh va phat tri€n d8 tai ho~ch dinh
chu'dng trlnh dao t~o va phat tri€n tay ngh8 nhan vien.
Chu'dng 3: Sl;t' Phat Tri€n Cua Cong Ty Lien Doanh Lever Vi~t Nam T~o Nen
Nhung Cd H<)i, Thach Thuc B6i Voi Tay Ngh8 Nhan Vien & Cac Bi€m M~nh,
Di€m Ye'u Ben Trong (24 trang)
Gioi thi~u t6ng quan v8 cong ty Lever Vi~t Nam voi cac san phffm, thi tntong, thi
ph~n. d6i thu c~nh tranh, tefc d<) tang tru'dng, qua d6 t~o nen nhung thach thuc va

ca hqi defi voi sl;t' phat tri€n ky nang ngh8 nghi~p (tay ngh8) cua nhan vien. B6ng
thoi cilng phan tich va danh gia chi tie't v8 di[ic di€m ll;t'c lu'qng lao d<)ng cua cong

H(Jc vien: Trlln Minh Qulin


Luljn Van Thq,c Si

Trang 4

Dq,i HQc Kinh TlTP.HCM

'YAY/AY/I/A'/I/.AY/I/171/I/171/I/I/I/I/N71/Aif71/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/AI'/I/I/JIIVI/IT/AT/I/I/AY/N/A'71/I/AI'YH'/I/I/A'/I/D/I/I/N/U/N/I/.IYI/I/U/AT/I'/I/I/I/I/.NYI/H/H/AF/..tWH/AI'/I/I/AT/.d!JI'/A

ty cling cac ho~t dt)ng san xug't, ho~t dt)ng dao t~o va phat tri~n tay ngh~ hi~n t~i.
qua d6 tim kie'm cac diim mqnh c6 th~ phat huy va cac diim ytu c6 th~ c6 cffn
phai nhanh chong kh~c pht;tc.
Chu'dng 4: Ho~ch E>inh Chu'dng Trlnh E>ao T~o Va Phat Tri~n (25 trang)

Phan tich

ky nang va tay ngh~ hi~n t~i cua nhan vien dO'i voi mt;tc tieu va tO'c d9

tang tru'dng cua cong ty d~ xac dinh nhu c&u diw tqo va phat tri~n ngh~ nghi~p
cho m9i ngu'oi nh~m gia tang vi the' c~nh tranh va giup cong ty dap ling m9t each
tO't nha't do'i voi cac yeu cffu ngay cang cao cua thi tru'ong va ngu'oi tieu dung.
Xay dt;t'ng m9t chudng trinh diw tqo thdng nhift giil'a cac b9 ph~n/phong ban lien
quan de'n ho~t dt)ng ngh~ nghi~p cua nhan vien v~n hanh san xua't, dt;t'a tren nhu
cffu dao t~o da du'<;lc xac dinh va trlnh d9 nhan vien lam n~n tang cho vi~c tie'n
hanh cac ho~t dt)ng dao t~o va phat tri~n tay ngh~ cua thG<;1i

y mt)t sO' each thU'c do lu'ong va danh gia hi~u qua chu'dng trlnh dao t~o va

phat tri~n tay ngh~ d~ chu~n bi du'a chu'dng trlnh vao tht;t'c hi~n.
Chu'dng 5: Ke"t Lu~n va Kie'n Nghi ((2 trang)

HQc vien: Trfln Minh Qulin


Luljn Van Thr.zc Si

Trang 5

Dr.zi HQc Kinh Te'TP.HCM

'717APA'I'71/I/I/H/I/,,II'/AI'/AI'YI/I/H/.JIII/I/A1'/U/A'YIYI/LI'YI/I/K/I/APIYAT/H/A'/I/I/171/171'/A'/N/I/H/A?/I/I/I'/17AI'/AJ'YA1'/I/I/AT/I/Af'/AIYK/I/AI'/I/4'1'/I/A'/AT/I/N/I/A'YD'/.1/K/A'Y.III'/I/H/AI'/6/A

CmJONG II: THl)'C NGHI~M VA CO s(j LY THUYET

2.1. Vai tro ctia dao t~o do'i v6'i srf phat tri~n cong ty trong boi canh c~nh
tranh kinh te' quo'c te'
Trong thai d~i kinh te" tri thuc va xu the' toan c~u h6a kinh te", cd h<)i dub~ng nhau cho ta"t ca cac doanh nghi~p Ion ho~c nho. Slf thanh cong cua m<)t

doanh

nghi~p

ngay nay khong con phv thu<)c vao quy mo doanh

nghi~p

rna phv

thu<)c vao doanh nghi~p nao sd htl'u dltmang tinh d<)t pha va bie"t each t6 chuc, khai thac, sii' dvng hd6i cong ngh~ nhu hi~n nay va slf v~n d<)ng cua cac do'i thu c~nh tranh nh~m tie"n
len phia trltoc cling cac bie"n d<)ng cua moi trltong kinh doanh bu<)c cac doanh
nghi~p phai khong ngting trang bi cho mlnh m<)t d<)i ngii nhan vien xua"t siic de c6

the dam nh~n nhii'ng vai tro luon thay d6i trong tudng lai.
Kinh nghi~m cua cac cong ty thanh d~t d~u chung to r~ng nho hQ chu trQng vao
cong tac dao t~o va phat trien nhan vien. Cha"t luthe" c~nh tranh trong moi truong c~nh tranh hi~n nay. Vl v~y, dao t~o va phat
trien dukinh doanh cua tung doanh nghi~p n6i rieng.
Nhii'ng h,tc lu<;1ng anh hudng de"n ndi lam vi~c, bie"n dao t~o va phat trien nhan
vien trd thanh m<)t nhan tO' chinh cho slf phat trien cong ty:
Xu the" toan c~u hoa: c~nh tranh toan c~u doi hoi kha nang linh ho~t cao hdn va

kha nang khong ngung d6i moi de lam ra nhii'ng san ph~m va dich V\1 m6i nam
m<)t to't hdn. M6i cong ty phai chu~n bi de ung ph6 voi xu the' h<)i nh~p kinh te"
toan c~u WTO voi vi~c g(J bo d~n cac rao can thue" quan va hang rao bao h<)
trong nuoc. Xua"t khffu ra thi truong toan c~u, xay dlfng cac nha may (J hai ngo~i,
lien minh voi cac cong ty nltoc ngoai hay sap nh~p kinh te" doi hoi doanh nghi~p
phai dao t~o cho dltdao t~o v~ van hoa va t~p quan kinh doanh (J cac quo'c gia. Toan c~u hoa bu<)c

HQc vien: Tra'n Minh Qulin


Lu/jn Van Thq,c Si

Trang 6

Dq,i H11c Kinh TlTP.HCM

'YAVI/I/IYIYI/IYI/I/I/I/H/I/I/H/I/.N/H/I/AY/I/I/1/41'/I'/I'/I/1/Ihiii'/I/I/I/N/I/D/H/I/I/I/D/I/I/IYI'/H/I/I/I/.IY/I'/IYH/I/I/I/4'/N'/I/IYI/I/H/I/AY/I/I/AV/H/H'/I/H/H/H/AUH/A

cong ty phai tie'n h~mh dao tC;lO de nhan Vien tie'p C~n VOi each thuc kinh doanh
hoan toan moi nh~m dap U'ng voi nhung cong vi~c luon thay d6i trong tu'dng lai
hay ddn thuffn la chi de c6 the t6n tC;li va do'i dffu hi~u qua ngay tren chinh thi
tntong n()i dja quen thu()c sau khi h()i nh~p vao n€n kinh te' toan cffu.
Thach thuc cha't lu'cong ty phlti cung ca'p cac san phffm va djch Vl;l c6 cha't lu'doi hoi cong ty phai c6 cac tieu chuffn cha't lu'OHSAS 18000, TQM (total quality management), Six Sigma, GMP (good
manufacturing practice), HACCP (Hazard Analyst & Critical Control Point) va
cac h~ th6ng cha't lu'Bao tC;lO la mQt thanh phffn quan tr<;mg cua quy trlnh dam bao cha't lu'

nhan vien kiem soat qua trlnh b~ng ky thu~t tho'ng ke va nhung ky nang khac lien
quan de'n cha't lu'phffm tru'oc khi xua't xu'dng hdn la sii'a chua san phffm ho~c djch v-.;t sau khi n6 de'n
tay khach hang. Bao tC;lO cung giup nhan vien va nha quan ly cac ky nang thie't
ySu de lam Vi~C cung nhau tC;lO nen san phffm va djch Vl;l CO chfft lu'Ky thu~t moi: ky thu~t thay d6i each thuc chung ta chdi voi khklp the' gioi (game
online), giao tie'p toan cffu (di~n thoC;li v~ tinh), lam vi~c d m<;>i ndi (laptop).
Internet, email, h()i thao qua mC;lng, e-commerce giup cong ty giao djch thu'dng
ffi';li voi phffn con lC;li cua the' gioi each xa hang ngan d~m da thlfc slf lam thay d6i
each thuc chung ta kinh doanh ngay nay. Ky thu~t moi yeu cffu cac ky nang moi,
vai tro cong vi~C moi Va thu'ong d~n de'n kSt qua la cffn phai tie'n hanh dao tC;lO lC;li
nhan vien de c~p nh~t lien t-.;tc nhung thong tin kie'n thuc moi nha't. Nhan vien cffn
kiSn thuc Cl;l the v€ cong Vi~C Va ky nang Cd ban ho~c nang CaO de lam Vi~c VOi
nhil'ng thie't hi ky thu~t cao. Ky thu~t moi th~m chi thay d6i ca each thuc chung ta
giang dC;ly truy€n tho'ng b~ng bang den pha'n trklng rna thay b~ng video
conferencing, intranet, e-learning, overhead projector...

H11c vien: Trtln Minh Qulin


Lul)n Van Th(lc Si

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IJ{li Hvc Kinh Te'TP.HCM

'/I'/IY,I/.IY.I/I/-K/Al'/I/.I/I/A"~K/A'/.IIY/I/AI'YH/I/AY/I/A'/D/I/6/I/AY/8hi/'71/AIY.N'/.171/I'/AI'/I'/I/I/.N/AI'/I/H/A'/I/4'71/I/H/K/6/D/I/I/H/AI'/I/I/I/H/.N/I/N'/A'/H/AY/I/I/I/N/N/AY/N/N/NM

Du'oi day Ut ke't qua khao sat du'c:jc thl;t'c hi~n bCJi t~p chi Dao t~o, thu()c H()i dao
t~o va phat tri~n Hoa

Ky

(ASTD) va Cvc th6ng ke lao d()ng, thl;t'c hi~n vao nam

1995, tie'n hanh nghien CUu tht;(c te' tren 15.000 cong ty V~ dao t~O va phat tri~n 1 .
Bang 1: cau hoi va tni loi v~ dao t~o & phat tri~n nhan vien trong thl;t'c ti~n

Cftu hoi

Tralm

Bao nhieu % cong ty tie'n 70%
hanh dao t~o chinh thuc
Tdng chi phi dao t~o

Tir $50 de'n $60 ty USD hang nam

Thoi gian dao t~o nhan 30 giO/nam
vien blnh quan hang nam
Chi phi chi cho dao t~o Cong ty nho (50-99 nhan vien) d~u tu' g~n b~ng 113
tinh theo quy mo cong ty
chi phi ciia cac cong ty Ion (>500 nhan vien)
Chi phi dao t~o phan chia Dung d~u la nganh v~n tai, vi~n thong va cong c()ng.
theo nganh ngh~
Dung cu6i la nganh dich V\1, xay dl;t'ng va ban le.
nhan vien quan tam Quan ly, chuyen gia, ky thu~t vi en thich du'nha't voi vi~c du'c:jc dao t~o t~o hdn la cong nhan, thc:j v~n hanh, thc:j thii cong.
Lo~i

Bao nhieu % khoa dao t~o H~u he't la ca trong va ngoai cong ty. 50% thc:j v~n
du'gia ben ngoai cong ty.
hi~n bCJi cac chuyen gia ben ngoai.

2.2. Kinh nghi~m thtfc ti~n v~ stf thanh c6ng cua m()t s6 cac c6ng ty Ion tren
the' gim co lien quan de'n vi~c dilO t~o va phat tri@n nhftn vien
2.2.1. Bai h(Jc tit Motorola 2
Cong ty Motorola ciia My da tung phai d6i m~t voi m()t tlnh the' he't sue kh6
khan. Nam 1982, doanh s6 ban hang ciia Motorola ngang b~ng voi Texas
Instruments, nha san xua't cha't ban d~n Ion nha't the' gioi. Nhu'ng chi 5 nam sau,
doanh s6 ban cha't ban d~n ciia n6 da tvt xu6ng hang thu tu' va cac san phifm di~n
tii' khac ciia n6 da
1
2

bi bao vay va

c~nh tranh quye't li~t bCJi cac d6i thii c~nh tranh

Raymond A.Noe, Employee training and development, 2nd edition, Introduction to T&D, page 23-24.
Ngu6n: George T. Milkovich & John W. Boudreau (2002), Qudn trj ngu6n nhfin ll!c, Bao t~;to, tr.374-375

Hvc vien: Triln Minh Quan


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D(li Hvc Kinh TlTP.HCM

TDT/IYA'/I/H/N/4/VI/I/JII/I'/I/AI'YI/.IY/I/I/I/AY/.111'/N/1'/AYI/N'/AY/I/I/.IT/41'71/I/I/I/I/I/I/I'/1/H/.IT/I/AI'/I/I/I/H/.ti!!Y/.I'i'/H/I/.IJI'/I/I/I/1/8/I/I/I/I/AY/H/H/H/AY/I/A/'/U/D/AT/A'YN/N/N/I/A

nu'oc ngoai d6i moi. Khac voi cac cong ty khac, thu'ong tlm each sa thai nhan vien
hang lo(;lt hay dong Cl.Ya ffiQt sef nha may d~ CO cffu lC;li ho(;lt d(>ng san xufft kinh
doanh, Robert W.Galvin va ngu'oi ke' nhi~m ong, George M.C.Fisher, cho ding
cac nhan vien cua h<;> v~n c6 th~ dam bao du'<;1c m(>t chut l<;1i the' c(;lnh tranh c~n
thie't. Vao nam 1984, Galvin da ra l~nh phai danh it nha't la 1.5% ti~n lu'ong cua
m6i nha quan tri cho vi~c dao t(;lo. Nam 1992, Motorola da chi 120 tri~u USD
tu'ong du'ong voi 3.6% quy lu'ong cho dao t(;lo, dam bao blnh quan m6i nam m(>t
nhan vien c6 du'<;1c 36 gio dao t(;lo. Nam 1993, tC;lp chi Fortune da g<;>i Motorola la
"tieu chu~n vang" trong Vi~C dao t(;lO Va phat tri~n nhan vien t(;li cong ty.
Cac cong nhan onha may Motorola du'<;1c h<;>c thie't ke' tren may tinh, robot va san
xua't theo yeu c~u cua khach hang khong chi tu nhfi'ng s6 tay hay bai giang, rna
con qua ca Vi~c sang t(;lO Va che' ra nhung chi tie't nhlfa trang tri. Khong chi nhan
vien rna ca nha cung ung va khach hang cling du'QC dao t(;lO. Cac giang vien
khong phai la cac giao su', h<;> la nhung ky su', cac nha khoa h<;>c va nhung quan tq
gia giau kinh nghi~m du'QC tuy~n ch<;>n nghiem ng:}t va du'QC dao t(;lO each d(;ly dlfa
vao thlfc hanh, chu tr<;>ng vao vi~c lam the' nao d~ cho cac h<;>c vien h<;>c qua vi~c
lam. Motorola tinh toan ding m6i 1$ chi cho dew t{lo

se dem l{li 30$ nang cao

niing sudt trong ba niim. Tu nam 1987 de'n 1993, cong ty da ci{t giam chi phi
du'QC 3.3 tri~u USD do cong nhan du'QC dao t(;lO d~ don gian hoa cac quy trlnh san
xua't va cai tie'n cha't lu'<;1ng nh~m giam bot phe' ph~m. Doanh s6 ban hang tren
m6i nhan vien da tang ga'p doi va l<;1i nhu~n tang len 47%.
Nam 1995, Motorola da c6 doanh s6 ban hang la 22.2 ty USD, da chi 150 tri~u
USD d~ dam bao t6i thi~u 40 giO dao t(;lo cho m6i nhan vien trong sef 132.000

nhan vien cua mlnh va danh 4% quy lu'ong cho dao t(;lo. Con cua Galvin -

hi~n

la

chu tich M.otorola, Christopher, cling cam ke't dao t(;lo va phat tri~n nhan vien,
vao cuefi th~p ky d6 m6i cong nhan c6 du<;1c tu 80 de'n 100 gio dao t(;lo m6i nam,

Hvc vien: Triln Minh Quan


Luljn Van Th{lc Si

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D{li HQc Kinh T(TP.HCM

"/174'/I/171/N/I/I/I/AI'/AIVI/I/H/H/I/AT/AT/.I/17171/I/N/I/..IT/AI'YIYAI"/I/I/I/AY/I/I/N/.Ifii/I/I'/I/I/6/N/I/I/I/I/A'/AT/A'/I/H/I/I/AT/I/I/A'/I/H/IPI!Y/N/AV/I/AY/A'/I/HYA'YH/AIVAT/I/AJ!'/Dht.

ngan sach d~w t~o h~mg nam tang de'n 300 tri~u USD. Cac nhan vien va cac nha
qm1n ly d€u c6 th~ ltta chqn trong s6 600 giao trlnh du'Qc giang d~y t~i B~i hqc
Motorola (J Schaumburg, Illinois va (J 13 dia di~m khac tren the' gioi. R6 rang la
cac nha qmin tq Motorola tin ding tinh sang t~o va kha nang thich nghi la he't sue
quan trqng d~ thanh cong tren thi truC1ng toan cffu c~nh tr~nh m~nh me va rAng
dao t~o c6 th~ g6p phffn quan trqng vao stt thanh cong d6.
2.2.2. Bai h(Jc tit Tae Kwang Vina3

Tae Kwang Vina Industrial Co. la cong ty 100% v6n Han Qu6c d~t nha may t~i
KCN Bien Hoa 2, c6 t6ng v6n dffu tu' la 53.3 tri~u USD. Cong ty c6 cong sua't

thie't ke' 6.864.000 doi giay th~ thao/nam va la m()t trong nhii'ng cong ty gia cong
san xua't giay th~ thao xua't kh~u cho Nike Ion nha't Vi~t Nam voi 15 phan xu'CJng
san xua't, sii' ctvng khoang 12.000 cong nhan. Ap Ittc c~nh tranh gay gilt voi cac
nha san xua't giay khac nhu' Pouchen, Samyang, Vi~t Vinh, Haesoung ... nhAm
kh~ng dinh uy tin cua minh tntoc doi hoi ngay cang cao cua khach hang IOn nha't

the' gioi Nike, Tae Kwang da thttc hi~n m()t chie'n lu'Qc cai t6lon trong nam 2001
d€ c6 th~ trCJ thanh cong ty san xua't giay hang dffu the' giOi: "B6i moi tu' duy, ga'p
doi nang sua't, giam nii'a hang hu'". Cong vi~c cai t6 se xoay quanh va'n d€ Ion
nhfft, quan trQng nhfft Va kh6 khan nhfft rna cong ty phai Vu'Qt qua la tac d()ng vao
each nhin, each nghi cua nha quan ly B6i moi tu' duy se chi thttc hi~n du'QC thong
0

qua cai tie'n con ngu'oi. B~ thttc hi~n vi~c nay, Tae Kwang Vina l~p ra d()i cai
tie'n MIT (Management Innovation Team) voi xu'dng s6ng la ba nh6m: cai tie'n
nang sua't (Lean Manufacturing team), cai tie'n cha't lu'<;5ng (6 Sigma team) va
di€u hanh h~ th6ng ho~ch dinh tai nguyen doanh nghi~p (ERP Operation team).
Ba:t dffu bAng vi~c dao t~o lien tvc v€ nh~n thuc va cac khai ni~m v€ nang sua't,
cha't lu'Qng, h~ th6ng ERP, Lean, 6 Sigma, 5S trong su6t 1 nam d~ thay d6i tu' duy

HQc vien: Trtln Minh Quiin


Lufjn Van Th{lc Si

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D{li HQc Kinh TlTP.HCM

'71/I/AI'/.II'/I/I/-""?A'YA'/.IIIVAI'/.II'/I/AI'YI/.H/AVI/N/I/AI'71/I/AJ'41WU/.AI"/H'/.IPY.H/AY.IT/A!I'AII'/H/.I/I/.171/I/N41'/A!1/AIVAYI/I/I/N/I/I/A1'71/AI'YIYN/I/I/I/I/N/I/K/1/17ATAIIJI'/AY/.K/AT/Al'YI/AT/AY/.N/AY/A

va hlnh thanh nen van h6a ciH tie'n trong toan b9 ca'p qmln ly tu t6 tntdng cho de'n
ghim d6c phan xu'dng, hon 20 dlf an ciH tie'n nang cao nang sua't - cha't lu'qng da
du'QC tie'n hanh rna thanh vien tr1;1 CQt la cac ca'p quan ly phan Xu'dng trd V~ tu cac
khmi dao t~o, thl!c hi~n du'oi slf hu'ong d~n cua dQi MIT. Nang sua't blnh quan
toan cong ty sau ffiQt nam n6 llfc thlfc hi~n cac ho~t dQng cai tie'n da tang len tu
25%-35%, vi d1;1 nhu' phan xu'dng Assembly nang cao nang sua't tu 1.600 len 2.000
doi giay/day chuy~n/ngay, phan xu'dng Stockfit tang tu 2.000 len 2.700 doi/day
chuy~n/ngay. V~ cha't lu'qng, phe' phffm giam xu6ng dang k€ d cac phan xu'dng

nhu' xu'dng Phylon tu 4.25% giam xu6ng con 2.1%, xu'dng PU tu 26.7% xu6ng
13.3%, xu'dng Sole tu 1.08% xu6ng 0.62%, xu'dng Assembly tu 8.82% xu6ng con
4.41 %. Nhu' v~y, bAt d~u b~ng dao t~o va chi thong qua dao t~o, Tae Kwang
Vina da tung bu'oc c6 gAng hlnh thanh nen van hoa cai tie'n trong cong ty nh~m
h6 tr<;l cho vi~c d~t du'<;lc cac ffil;lC tieu. N6i tie'p thanh cong cua nam 2001, nam
2002 Tae Kwang Vina tie'p t1;1c du'a ra m1;1c tieu ho~t dQng la: "Trd thanh cong ty
san xua't giay CO SUC C~nh tranh hang d~u the' giOi: ClfC d~i hoa cha't lu'<;lng- t6c dQ
Va gia ca C~nh tranh" Va nhu' V~Y ffiQt chu'ong trlnh dao t~O khac da l~i tie'p tl;lC ...

2.2.3. Bai h(Jc tit Tire Plus 4
Tire Plus la m9t cong ty vo ru9t xe d mi~n trung tay nu'oc My c6 t6c dQ tang
tru'dng hang nam la 20%. Tire Plus la mQt cong ty 200

tri~u

USD voi 6 cira hang

ban le dQC l~p Va 150 clXa hang. Khat VQng CUa cong ty la md rQng ho~t dQng ra
toan qu6c va khuye'ch tru'ong quy mo len ga'p doi trong 10 nam toi.

E>€ lam du'<;lc

di~U nay, ffiQt trong nhfi'ng ffil;lC tieu quan tr<~ng nha't cua cong ty la dffy m~nh Slf

phat tri~n cua nhan vien. Tire Plus da thl!c hi~n mQt chie'n lu'<;lc d~u tu' vao dao
t~o. phu'ong cham cua cong ty la: "cang nhi~u kie'n thuc va chu'ong trlnh dao t~o

3

4

Thlfc te' ctia tac gia, la thanh vien ctia nh6m MIT/Lean Manufacturing va ERP Operation Team.
Raymond A.Noe, Employee training and development, 2"d edition, Strategic training, page 37-39.

HQc vien: Triln Minh Qulin


Luljn Van Th(lc Si

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D{li H(Jc Kinh Te'TP.HCM

'71'/H/I/AVI/N/,I/W'I/IYIY..r'A'YAT/H/A'/B/I/.IYI/I'/AT/I/I/I/.I/N/AY/I/IYI/I/I/N/AY/N/I/H/H/I'/1/Af/AUN-4V/AI"/8'/I/I/I/I/AYI/K/1/AVI/IYN/I'/H/I'/17H'/AY/A71'/I/.N/.t'F/I/4'/.H/I/N/L'F/LI'/A

chung ta cung d(p cho mQi ngu'oi, thl dtng c6 them nhieu h~mh trang giup nhan
vien phat tri€n voi cong ty. Va ne'u nhan vien tie'n len phia tru'oc, hQ se tim tha'y
nhii'ng cd h()i t6t d€ phat tri€n cong ty".
Cong ty da t~p trung vao cac chu'dng trlnh dao t~o va thang tie'n n()i b() thuc dffy
nhan vien phat tri€n ngh€ nghi~p. Khmlng 1. 700 nhan vi en cua Tire Plus da trili

qua 60.000 giO dao t~o chinh thuc hang nam du'<Jc cung ca'p bdi E>~i hQc Tire Plus
voi chi phi 3 tri~u USD. Cd sd v~t cha't cho dao t~o bao g5m h()i tru'ong 250 ch6,
cac mo hlnh phong tru'ng bay va dich Vl}, phong may tfnh, trung tam media Va 4
hua'n luy~n vien toan thoi gian. Nhan vien hQC d lop mo phong cac cua hang, hQC
lam the' nao d€ sang t~O ra mQt moi tru'ong phl}C Vl} rna CO th€ kich thfch khach
hang quay trd

l~i,

gioi

thi~u

cong ty voi

b~n

be hay ngu'oi than cua hQ. Cong ty

cilng cung ca'p thoi gian va tien b~c d€ giup cho nhan vien c6 cac cd h()i cao hdn.
Vi dv nhu' m()t nhan vien ky thu~t mu6n trd thanh m()t thkhoa hua'n luy~n 11 tu~n C1 :E>~i hQc Tire Plus d€ du'ban cua m()t th
vi~c

(on the job training) voi

m()t ngu'oi thl~p. Chi phi dao t~o du'

gian tham gia kh6a dao t~o. Nhii'ng nhan vien c6 tiem nang trd thanh nha quan ly
se du'N6 hfc cua cong ty va chi phi d~u tu' cho dao t~o da giup cho cong ty d~t du'mvc tieu chie'n lu'hang tho a man voi Sl! phvc Vl} cua cong ty. Tire Plus da n6 ll!c lam moi mlnh.
Nhieu khach hang bu'oc vao cua hang, khong con nhii'ng nhan vien tho 16 voi dich
Vl} bffn thiu, rna tie'p don hQ la cac nhan vien mi;ic ao tra:ng tha:t ca V~t, 1~ phep
chao khach hang. Phong tru'ng bay s~ch se va ngan na:p. M6i cua hang c6 m()t d~i
sanh bao g6m ti vi, ban ghe', khu vui chdi cho tre em, phvc vv nhanh chong va

H(Jc vien: Trii'n Minh Qulin


Luljn Van Th{lc Si

Trang 12

D{li Hpc Kink TtTP.HCM

II'/171'/I/U/A'/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/AI'/.JI!T/H'/I/I'/D/K/N/4'/AI'/.I/.I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/H/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I/I'/N'/I/IY.IY/H/I/AYI/I/A'/I/I/.41'/AY/I/I/H/I/I/AI'Y.NYI/N/A'/A

than thi~n Ia tieu chufi'n. Khach hang du'<;1c khuye'n khich di vong quanh d€ xem
cac th<;1 may dang thao tac. Doanh thu hang nam cua cong ty tang len them 8%.

2.3. Dao t~o va phat tri~n ngh~ nghi~p
2.3.1. Khai nifm
Bao t~o va phat tri€n ngh€ nghi~p la m(>t hinh thuc trang

hi

them v€

ky

nang,

kie'n thuc, kinh nghi~m cua cac doanh nghi~p cho d(>i ngfi nhan vien nh~m d~t
du'<;1c nhung ml;lc tieu rna doanh nghi~p d€ ra.
BO'i voi doanh nghi~p, dao t~o la viln d€ khong th€ thie'u va la phu'ong ti~n h6 tr<;1
doanh nghi~p c~nh tranh va danh b~i cac dO'i thu c~nh tranh. BO'i voi ca nhan
ngu'oi lao d(>ng, dao t~o la co h(>i d€ phat tri€n kie'n thuc va ngh€ nghi~p. f)Q'i voi
t~p th€, dao t~O la chie'c C~U nO'i S\1' hQp tac Va trao d6i thong tin.

Dew tt;to nhiln mc,mh de'n vi~c huiln luy~n c6 djnh huang vao hifn tt;ti, chu tr<;>ng

vao cong vi~c hi~n t~i cua ca nhan, giup ca nhan c6 ngay cac

ky nang c~n thie't

d€ th\l'c hi~n tO't cong tac hi~n nay. Phat triin la m(>t qua trinh lau dai nh~m nang
cao nang l1;l'c va d(>ng co cua nhan vien, chu tr<;>ng de'n vi~c huiln luy~n nhan vien
cho turmg lai cua doanh nghifp.

2.3.2. M~c tieu cua dao (fl-O va phat trie"n
Cung cilp ngu6n nhan l1;l'c c6 chilt lu'<;1ng cho doanh nghi~p, tr1;l'c tie'p giup nhan
vien th1;l'c hi~n cong Vi~c tO't hon nhffng yeu C~U Cl;l th€ chuyen sau cua cong vi~c.
C~p nh~t kie'n thuc va

tl)'u khoa h<;>c

ky nang moi cho nhan vien d€ c6 th€ ap dl;lng nhil'ng thanh

ky thu~t moi, tranh tinh tr~ng qmln ly 16i thai nho S\1' hu'ong d~n cac

phu'ong phap quan ly moi phu h<;1p voi tO'c dQ thay d6i v€ quy trinh cong ngh~,
thu~t

ky

va moi tru'ong kinh doanh.

Thoa man nhu c~u phat tri€n cho nhan vien bdi cac

ky nang chuyen mon moi c~n

thie't se lcich thich nhan vien th1;l'c hi~n cong vi~c tO't hon va vi the' c6 nhi€u co h(>i
thang tie'n hon.

Hpc vien: Trii'n Minh Qulin


Lulj,n Van Th(lc Si

Trang 13

lJ(li H9c Kinh TtTP.HCM

'YI/.IYI/I/I/I/8/I/A'/H/N'/LI'YI/AI'/I/LJI'/6/A'/I/N/I/41'/III/II')".HYAY/AY/I/H/I/AI'/dY/AI'/I/I/I/I/D/N/I/I/A'/I/I/Ihiii'/171/H/I/A'/A'/I/.IUI/HYAI'/A'/I/I/I/41'/I/.I'/AIY/8/D/.D/H/H/N/H/.U'/N/,;V/K/HM

2.3.3. Trach nhi?m cua bl) phQ_n tlao t{lo va phat triln
Chi ra nhu cllu tlao t{lO dO'i voi tung ca nhan va ca t~p th~. cho phep nhan vien
tc,tO du'QC S\1' dong gop tdi da cho hi~U qua cua doanh nghi~p cfing nhu' phat tri~n
du'QC nhfi'ng ti~m nang cua ngu'oi lao dQng.
Tim cac chuyen gia c6 chuyen mon thich hqp, tu'dng ung voi chi phi hqp ly d~
thlfc hi~n cac chttdng trlnh dao tc,to va phat tri~n nhan vien.
2.4. Chu'dng trlnh dao t\}O va phat tri~n

Ky nang,

·Phan
tich nhu
cau ctao

Ho~ch(Qnh

t~o

chtidng trinh

kie'n thuc,
kha nang
mdi cua
ngu'm ctu(jc

Thtfc hi~n
chtidng trinh

ctaot~o

Cac chi tieu can ct~t
cua chu'dng trinh

Hanhgia
hi~uqua

Hlnh 1: sd d6 cac bu'oc cua mQt chu'dng trlnh dao tc,to va phat tri~n 5
Theo gioi hc,tn da neu ra, d~ tai nghien cll'u chi bao g6m ph~n hoc,tch dinh chu'dng
trlnh, tuc la ph~n d~u cua qua trlnh hoc,tch dinh - thlfc hi~n - danh gia hi~u qua
chu'dng trlnh dao tc,to va phat tri~n

ky nang ngh~ nghi~p cho nhan vien v~n hanh

san xua't tc,ti cong ty lien doanh Lever Vi~t Nam, nen ta se chi t~p trung xem xet
cac bu'oc cua quy trlnh hoc,tch dinh bao g6m phlin tich nhu cli'u, ho{lch tljnh

chlldng tr'inh va gqi y mQt sO' each thuc danh gia hi~u qua dao tc,to.

5

Ngu6n: Tn.tdng Quang (1996), Human Resource Management, AIT, Thailand.

H{Jc vien: Triln Minh Quan


Luljn Van Th{lc Si

Trang 14

D{li H(Jc Kink Te'TP.HCM

Y/H/I/IYI/.i/I'YH/AY/AY/AWI/I/N'/I/Ar/AT/I/I/A1'71/.IT/A?/I/I/I/H/AT/AYH/I/AI'/.IT/A7AY/H/I/AI'/I'/H/IAIF/AYI/I/I/I/d/4T/I/..V/,131/N'/AY/LJI'/A'/H/I/I/I/I/I/I/AIT/H/H/N'/A'/AT/N/I/N/I/AY/H71/8/H/A

2.4.1. Phan tfch nhu cau diw t{lo va phat triin
Phan tich tlnh hinh hoc;zt dqng cua cong ty va m¥C tieu

kY VQng' cac diim mt;znh ytu

ciia h!c htdu cac kY nang cdn thitt de thlfc hi<%n t6t cong vi<%c cua nhan vien.
2.4.1.1. Cac phtin tfch lien quan

a. Phan tich doanh nghi<%p: d~ xac dinh xem doanh nghi<%p thlfc hi<%n cac m1,1c
tieu C1 muc d9 nhu' the' nao. Vi<%c phan tich bao g6m phan tich t6 chile doanh
nghi<%p, ke' ho~ch chuffn hi dl)i ngli can b9 ke' c~n va moi tru'ong t6 chile.
•

Phan tich t6 chuc doanh nghi<%p bao g6m vi<%c phan tich cac tieu thuc t6 chile
nhu' nang suift, chift lu(lng thlfc hi<%n cong vi<%c, chi phf lao dqng, ky lu~t lao
dl)ng, tai nc;zn, ty 1<% thuyen chuy~n, v~ng m~t.. .se giup xac dinh nhung v!n d~
ccJ ban va slf c~n thie't ap d1,1ng cac hlnh thuc dao t~o thich hdoanh nghi<%p cling C~n danh gia kha nang anh hu'dng do nhan vien khong du'dao t~o d~y du; cac m-q;c tieu cua cong ty, vi<%c ddi mUi cong ngh? san xulft,
vi<%c gidm gia thanh, cdi titn chlft lu(lng trong ng~n h~n va dai h~n de chuffn

bi cac chu'cJng trlnh phat trien nhan vien cho tu'dng lai cua doanh nghi<%p.
•

Ke' ho~ch chuffn hi dl)i ngli can b9 ke' c~n: xac dinh nhung chuc

Vl,l

se tr6ng

va each thuc chuffn hi ling vien cho cac chuc Vl,l trdng.
N9i bl): dlf kie'n cac chu'cJng trlnh dao t~o cho cac ling vien thich hTuyen tit ngoai: dlf kie'n cac chu'cJng trlnh dao t~o thich hmoi nhanh chong hoa nh~p voi moi tntong va van hoa cong ty cling nhu' n~m
b~t du'
•

Phan tich moi tru'ong t6 chuc: danh gia quan di~m cua nhan vien ddi voi t6
chuc va tim hieu cac tac dl)ng cua dao t~o khong d~y du ddi voi nhfi'ng di~m
khong t6t trong t6 chuc.

H(Jc vien: Triln Minh Qulin


Lul)n Van Th{lc Si

Trang 15

B{li HQc Kinh TtTP.HCM

f"/I/I/AIYI/I/A'YI/I/I/A'/A'/K/D'/I/8/K/N/UM?/I/D/I/U/I/H7N/.IIY/I/U/N/D/H/N/I/AI'YI/I/I/I/D/AT/H/H/H'/H/N/AY/8/A'/I/N/I/I/H/U/AIY.411'/N'/H/AI'YI/NYI/N'/IF/A?/N/AY/A'/N/N/D/G/AJVN/H/A

b. Phan tich bic nghi<$p: xac dinh lo~i

ky niing va cac hanh vi c~n thie't cho nhan

vien d~ tht;tc hi<$n tO't cong vi<$c. Phan tich tac nghi<$p se chu trQng xac dinh
xem nhan vien can lam gi d~ tht;tc hi<$n tO't cong vi<$c.
c. Phan tich nhan vien: tren co sa niing 11/c, cac diim m{lnh ytu cua d()i ngu
nhan vien va cac d~c tfnh ca nhan cua nhan vien d~ xac dinh dO'i tuthie't duc~n du
2.4.1.2. Biiu hi?n cua nhu c&u dew tr;w

Ty 1<$ ph~n tram chi phi lao d()ng hay nguyen v~t li<$u tang.
S6luTy 1<$ phe' phffm tang. Thoi gian ngung san xua"t do may hong tang.

Kha nang dap ling cua nhan vien d6i voi Slf thay d6i cong ngh<$, k)' thu~t moi.
Nang ll)'c cua nhan vien so voi cac mlJ.C tieu tang trltdng ng~n h~n va dai h~n.
Cac thong tin nay duBao cao san xua"t. Bao cao t6n tha"t may. Bao cao v~ y kie'n khach hang.
Nh~t ky sti' dlJ.ng may. Cha"t lu
Danh gia cua cac ca"p quan ly va nh~n xet cua nhan vien.
T~m nhln va chie'n lu
2.4.2. Ho{lch djnh chlldng trinh dao t{lo
2.4.2.1. Ml:lc tieu

MlJ.C tieu chung cua vi<$c dao t~o va phat tri~n la gl c~n duNguyen t~c, st;t ki<$n va cac khai ni<$m nao c~n dudao t~o? Va"n d~ nao c~n phai dem ra m6 xe? DO'i tuThoi gian dao t~o bao lau la thich h

xua"t kinh doanh do slf v~ng m~t cua hQc vien khi phai tham gia cac bu6i dao t~o.

HQc vien: Triln Minh Qulin


Luljn Van Thf!,c Si

Trang 16

Bf!,i Hvc Kinh TtTP.HCM

~IYI/IAIIY/1'7.171/IYN/AI'/I/H/171/I/H/I/IY.N/Ar/I/AI'/.H/,411'/I/K/I/AY/I/H/N/I/I/I/H/I/.1/I/I/IYI/HAIIT//ii"/I/IYI/I/I/K/H/I/I/17AI'YI/U/U/I/I/I/A'YK/I/N/A7AYAT/IYN/I/N'/N/H/N/AY/A.

Cac mvc tieu cv th~ khac cling c~n du'trlnh dao t~o do'i voi:
T~p th~: tren hic$u qua cong vic$c ciia t~p th~ nhu' ti 11$ va:ng m~t ciia ngu'oi lao

d()ng, san lu'Ca nhan: tren hanh vi, hic$u qua lam vic$c ciia tung ca nhan du'
t~o,

va co

h()i thang tie'n ngh€ nghic$p tren co sd ch~t lu'nhic$m, long mong muo'n tlm hi~U, hQC hoi hay thong qua cac d€ XU~t cai tie'n san
xua't tu ngttoi lao d()ng.
2.4.2.2. NQi dung

Cac

ky

nang c~n thie't, kie'n thuc cv th~ c~n du'
dao t~O Va nguyen ta:c CO ban trong hQC t~p cho cac dQ'i tu'2.4.2.3. Nguyen tile ca ban
T~o nhii'ng di€u kic$n thu~n l
lam hQC vien d~ tie'p thu va hung khdi. Ch~t lu'S\1' kich thich: cho ca ngu'oi

d~y-

ngu'oi hQC c6 d()ng 1\l'C va S\1' hung khdi.

Phan h6i: d~ nhii'ng bu6i giang sau kha:c phvc nhii'ng nhu'Cach thuc t6 chile: to't trong ca n()i dung va hlnh thuc
Ung dvng: d~ giam bot khoang each giii'a ly thuye't va th\l'c te' th\l'C hic$n cong
vic$c. Du'a vao cang nhi€u cac tlnh huo'ng, mo phong, minh hQa th\l'c ti~n se
gh1p cho qua trlnh tie'p thu c6 hic$u qua hon.
S\1' tham d\1': ciia ca giang vien va hQC vien trong qua trlnh dao
qua thao

lu~n

t~o.

thong

nh6m, hQi thao, thi, trlnh bay tru'oc cac hQC vien.

2.4.2.4. ffinh thztc diw tq_o

a. Theo mvc dich ciia n9i dung dao t~o: nh~m vao mvc dich cv th~ tu httong d~n
cho nhan vien moi, hua'n luyc$n ky nang chuyen mon de'n nang cao trlnh d9 va
phat tri~n nang 1\l'c quan tri.

Hvc vien: Trlin Minh Quan


Luljn Van Th{lc Si

Trang 17

D{li Hvc Kinh Te'TP.HCM

'YI/I/AWAPI/AI'/AI'/.H/I/-"""YAIVI/AI'/I/I/I'/I/A'/I/I/A!T/I/I/I/AY/AY/I/I/AI'/I/I/AY/H/D/I/.i!Y/I/AYAI'/AI'/I/I/AY/AY/I/N/K/AIVI/I/I/I'/H/I/K/171/AI"/AI'/H/1411'/A'/Af17H/I/AIYAF/I/I/AII'YH'/AI'/AWAI'/Aff/.4

b. Theo each t6 chuc: tuy theo di~u ki~n va hoan canh thich h<;1p d~ b6 tri t6 chuc
cac lo~i hinh:
Dao

t~o

chinh quy: h<;>c vien thoat ly khoi cac cong

vi~c

hang ngay, do d6 thoi

gian dao t~o ngcln nhu'ng cha't lu'<;1ng dao t~o cao hdn so voi cac hinh thuc dao t~o
khac, tuy nhien s6lu'<;1ng ngu'oi c6 th~ tham gia ra't h~n che'.
Dao

t~o t~i

chuc: nhan vien vua di lam vua tham gia cac kh6a dao

t~o.

Thoi gian

dao t~o thlfc hi~n ngoai gio lam vi~c ki~u cac lOp bu6i t6i ho~c trong m9t ph~n
thoi gian lam vi~c.
Lop c~nh xi nghi~p: dung d~ dao t~o nhan vien moi cho doanh nghi~p. H<;>c vien
se h<;>c ly thuye't t~i lop sau d6 tham gia thlfc hanh t~i cac phan xu'dng trong doanh
nghi~p. Ki~u dao t~o nay ra't hi~u qua, h<;>c vien vua nclm vung ly thuye't, vua lam

quen voi di~u ki~n lam vi~c. Thoi gian dao t~o ngcln, chi phi dao t~o tha'p.
c. Theo dia di~m: dao t~o d dau la thich h<;1p d6i voi doanh nghi~p- t~i ndi lam
vi~c

Dao

hay ngoai ndi lam vi~c?

t~o t~i

ndi lam

vi~c

du'
hi~n

ngay trong qua trinh lam

vi~c

giua ngu'oi

huang d~n ho~c cac nhan vien lanh ngh~, c6 ky nang cao voi nhil'ng nhan vien c6
trinh d9 lanh ngh~ tha'p, theo ki~u m9t kern m9t.
Cac d~ng dao t~o ph6 bie'n:
D~ng

dao t~o

Mt;~c

dfch

Di,ic di~m

stldt;~ng

Ddn gian, d~ t6 chuc, dao t~o du'ngu'oi m9t ltlc. H<;>c vien h<;>c each g1a1

,
quye't van d~ thlfc te' va mau chong co
thong tin phan h6i v~ ke't qua dao t~o.
Ngu'oi hu'ong d~n thu'ong c6 th~ khong c6
kinh nghi~m v~ su' ph~m.
Ngu'oi hu'ong d~n c6 th~ khong nhi~t tinh.

Kemc~p.

Dao t~o cong

huang d~n t~i
ch6 (OJT)

nhlin ky thulj,t

Luan phien,
thay d6i cong

Da~;~r;t~::e~,~~:., -;'~a(;)~~lil'?"fa ky niing, tranh tinh tr~ng tri tr~.
:V,i~u u~ thich U'ng cong vi~c khac nhau.
nht ffl~,'fd7,, :Jiiul)t,: ',]'!<;>¢'
.
.'
"'

• ? •

~

va quan tri gia
cao ca'p.

,,

·,-:
~.~_

)

.

'(;

v

·:

'

'

·-~

~:
h.~::---~

...

-~.....,._,~'""""•~-·~u~"'~'--.

5/J.A)._i).L

--

.

'
. Qulin
Hvc v1en: Tran
Mmh

'YI/#/I/-"'VA'/1/HAIJI'hii'/171/I/K/1/K/171'/4"/A 'I'/I/.1/IYI/I'/I'/I/I/1/I/I/1/H/1/I/I/1/1/I/IYI/,. W/.11'/I/I/IYAI'/H/I/I/171/I/H/I/N/I/171/I/I/AI'/N/N/I/N/.LWD/N/H/N/.Q/I/A'I'/..

~-


Luljn Van Th{lc Si

Trang 18

D{li H(Jc Kinh TtTP.HCM

Y/A'/I/.U/.AII'/I/I/I/I/H'/A9'1/I/I/NYAY/A'/N/AY/AJ"/AYAI/Y/H/HYH/I'/H/II'/.K/I/APYN/AI'hlii'YI/H/I/AF/AYAI'Y.I/H/N/I/AT/K/I/,H71/K/H/.I/I/H'/I/H/N/H/41'/AY/I/A"/AT/.N/I/H/AQJY/H/H/H/AY/AY/N/H/4Y/A'J"/A

qmln tri g1a va Doanh nghi~p bO' tri nhan vien linh ho~t
b() hdn. Nhan vien c6 kha nang thang tie'n cao
cac
can
chuyenmon.

hdn (do phat hi~n du'QC diem m~nh va diem
ye'u cua chinh ban than)
Dao t~o ngoai ndi lam vi~c thu'ong ap d1;mg cac d~ng sau:
vi~c

D~ng

dao

t~o

Nghien cll'u
tlnh huO'ng

Ml,lc dich

Di;.c di~m

sddl,lng

Dao t~o va nang H9c vien tlf phan tich cac tlnh huO'ng, trlnh
bay suy nghi va du'a ra each giai quye't.
cao nang llfc
quantri

Tro chdi quan E>ao t~o va nang H9c vien c6 cd h()i giai quye't v!n d~, d~ ra
tq
cao nang llfc chie'n lu'QC Va chinh sach kinh doanh phu hquan tri
Phat trien kha nang Hinh d~o va khuye'n

khich kha nang hH()i thao

E>ao t~o va nang H9c vien trlnh bay y kie'n ca nhan va tham
cao nang llfc gia thao lu~n cac y kie'n cua cac ca nhan
khac. Phu'dng phap dao t~o sinh d()ng.
quan tri
H9c vien phat tri€n kha nang Hinh d~o, giao
tie'p, nang d()ng va linh ho~t.

Lien h~ voi Tie'p tvc dao t~o Cac h9c vien phai h9c ngoai giO (bu6i tO'i hay
cac tru'ong E>~i cac kh6a hQC t~p trung h9c m6i dchuyen nganh
h9c dao t~o.
Phu'dng phap T~o ra tlnh
huO'ng giO'ng
nh~p vai
nhu' th~t de hQC
vien nh~p vai.

Phu'dng phap dao t~o thu vi, khong tO'n kern,
hfi'u ich de phat trien nhi~u ky nang moi.
Giup hQC vien
ngu'oi khac.

nh~y

cam voi tlnh cam cua

Hua'n

luy~n Nang cao nang Quan trj gia ca'p th!p: hQC each thuc di~U
theo mo hlnh h:fc quan ly
khi€n, quan ly nhan vien.
A

m~u

Quan trj gia ca'p trung: hQC each giao tie'p.

d. Theo dO'i tu'E>ao t~o moi: ap dvng cho nhil'ng lao d()ng chu'a c6 trlnh d() lanh ngh~.
E>ao t~o l~i: ap dvng cho nhil'ng lao d()ng da c6 trlnh d() lanh ngh~, nhu'ng c~n d6i
ngh€ do yeu c~u cua doanh nghi~p ho~c c~p nh~t h6a kie'n thuc moi.

H(Jc vien: Tran Minh Quan