Công tác đào tạo giáo viên ở các tỉnh miền núi phía bắc trong những năm 1954-1965

CdNG TAG DAO TAO GlAO V | £ N it CAC T I N H MIEN NUI
PHiA BAG TRONG NHUNG N A M 1954-1965

DUY THI H A I HirdNG"

1. Tht^c tr^ng gifio d^c d cfic tinh mifin
nui vfi y€u cau dfio tao gifio vi€n
Nfim 1954, mifin Ble dupe giai ph6ng,
bufic vfio thcli k^ khSi phye kinh tfi, hfin
gin vet thUdng chifin tranh v6i bpn bfi kh6
khfin. VPi nhfin dfin cfic tinh mifin niii lai
cfing nhifiu kh6 khfin. Nen kinh te eua cac
tinh mifin nui chu yfiu lfi san xud't nong
nghi§p von da ngh^o, lgc hfiu, mang tinh
chfift ti^ cung, tu cSip Iai bi chifin tranh tfin
phfi nfing nfi. Dcfi sfi^ng eua nhan dan con
d6i kho. Hfing nfim, dai bp ph^n nhfin dfin
chi du fin trong bon, nfim thfing, cfin Iai hi
d6i, thfim chi c6 nOi vin eon nhifiu ngUdi
chet do d6i (1). Tinh hinh ehfnh tn, xa h^i
cQng c6 nhflng dien bifin phflc tgp (2).
Unh vUc vfin h6a, trong d6 c6 giao dye
cung c6 nhflng kh6 khfin nhfi't dinh. Kh6
khfin ldn nhfit Ifi dgi da sfi* nhfin dfin ehUa
bifit chfl. Dfin nfim 1954, dfin sfi 10 tinh
mifin niii phfa Bfic khoang 92 vgn ngUcli (3),
trong A6, ehi e6 tren 31 van ngUdi bifit dpc,
biet vifit, chifim 33,6% dan sfi eua viing. Cd
sd vfit ch^t phue vy cho cong tac giang dgy
vfi hoc tfip hdu nhu chua ed gl. Dpi ngu gifio
vifin, nhfit lfi giao vien ngUdi dfin tpc thifiu

so, gifio vien ngudi dia phUdng thifiu
ThS. Hpe vi^n Khoa hpe xfi h$i

nghifim trpng. Khfing nhOng v$y, ehd't
lupng d^i ngd gifio vifin cdn nhifiu hgn chfi.
MOt b$ phgn gifio vi6n khfing thfch di dgy
mfi mufi'n chuyfin vi xudi cdng tfic ho$c
chuyfin cfing tfic khfic, nhu mpt sfi* gifio vifin
ci tinh Cao Bdng, Lfio Cai.
Trong bdi canh mifin Bfic dang tifin
hfinh kh&i phye kinh tfi', chu£[n bi cd sd v$t
chfi^t cho edng cu0c xfiy dyng chu nghia xa
h$i mfi nhfin dfin cfic tinh mifin niii, m$t
viing Ifinh thfi r$ng ldn, gifl vi trf quan
trpng vi kinh t^, an ninh - qufic phdng, lgi
khdng bifit chfl sfi anh hudng rfit ldn dfin
cdng cuOc khdi phye, phfit tri^n kinh tfi cua
mien niii ndi nfing vfi mifin Bfic ndi ehung.
Tinh trgng dfin trf thdp sfi lfi cd h^i di cfic
thfi lye thii dfeh Ipi dyng ehia rS khfii dgi
dofin kfit dfin t ^ , Idi kfio dong bfio chfing lgi
ehu trUdng cua Dang vfi chfnh sfich eua
Nhfi nUdc ta.
Dl giai quyfit nhQng khd khfin ngu trfin
ddng thdi nh$n thflc dUpc vi trf quan trpng
cua cfic tinh mifin niii doi vdi cdng cupc
khdi phye, phfit trifin kinh t^, vfin hda vfi
an ninh, qufic phdng. Dang vfi Nhfi nUdc
d$c bi^t coi trpng cdng tfic gifio dye. "Ndng
cao trinh d^ vdn hoa d miin nui Id mdt v£n

COng t6c dap tgo gi6o vian..,
di cdp bdch, co y nghia vd tdc dung to ldn
din viSc thiic ddy todn bd sU nghiSp phdt
triin kinh ti miin nui" (4). "Cdng tdc gido
due CO mdt vi tri rdt quan trgng trong vi^c
dong gop vdo c6ng cu6c xdy dUng chu nghia
xd hot vd cung cd qudc phdng d miin niii.
Nhd trinh dfi gific ngd xa hdi chia nghia
dupc nfing cao, dfing thdi vdi vi^c nfing cao
trinh dd vfin hda vfi ky thufit,... nhfin dfin
eae dan toe 6 mifin niii s6 ed thfim difiu ki§n
d^y manh san xufi't, xfiy dyng ddi song mdi,
mau ehdng Ifim eho "mifin niii tifi'n kip mifin
xudi", thye hipn quyfin Ifim chu vfi binh
ddng thye sU gii3a cfic dfin tdc vi mpi mfit,
cung cfi tinh dofin kfit dfin tfic" (5). Song,
mud'n xfiy dyng vfi phfit triln gifio dye thi
vife trUde tien Ifi phai dfio tao dpi ngii giao
vien. Vi^c ddo tao vd bSi dUdng gido vien
phdi di trUdc viec phdt trien gido due mdt
budc.
2. Cong tac dao tao giao vien tai cac
tinh mien nui phia Bac trong nhiifng
nam 1964 - 1966
Khong chi coi trpng, dfi cao vi trf cua
cfing tac gifio due, trong dfi cd cdng tae dfio
tao dpi ngii gifio vien. Dang vfi Nhfi nUdc
cdn ban hfinh mfit so chii trUdng, chinh

sfich, bipn phfip di tao difi'u ki^n thufin Ipi
cho cdng tac dio tao giao vi§n ndi rieng vfi
gifio due ndi ehung tai cac tinh mien niii
phat trifin. Dd la ehii trUOng thfinh Ifip cac
khu tu trj (cae tinh Yen Bfii, Lfio Cai, Sdn
La, Lai Chau thfinh Khu ty tri Thai - M^o;
cfic tinh Cao Bfing, Bfic Kan, Hfi Giang,
Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen vfi Lang Son
thfinh Khu tU tri Vi§t Bfic (6)); Dieu dpng
giao vien mifin xudi Ien mifin niii cdng tae
(7); chinh sach ho trp giao vien,...

tu tri Vifit Bfic, nhi§m vy Ifi phy trfieh cfing
tfic gifio dye eua Khu. Dudi Ban Gifio dye Ifi
Ty Gifio dye cfic tinh, phy trfieh edng tfic
gifio due cua dia phuong. Ban Gifio dye
Khu ty tri Thai • M6o, phu trach cdng tfic
gifio dye eiia Khu. Dudi Ban Gifio due lfi Sd
Gifio dye cfic ehfiu, phu trfieh cfing tfic gifio
dye ciia cfic ehfiu. Bfin canh dd, Uy ban
Hfinh ehfnh Khu tu tri Thai - Mfio vfi Khu
ty tri Vi§t Bfic cdn tS chijtc nhifiu hinh thiic
dfio tao gifio vien nhU: Md eae tdp boi
dudng, dfio tgo sU phgm cdp toe; Thfinh Ifip
cfic trUdng sU pham dfi dfio tgo gifio vien
dia phUOng cho cfic cdp hoc; Ci giao vien di
hpe tgi cfic trudng d Trung Udng.
Md cdc ldp boi dudng, dao tao aU
pham cdp tdc
TrUdc khi thfinh Ifip Uy ban Hfinh ehfnh

Khu ty tri Tfiy Bfic vfi Viet Bfic, tfl thang 2
dfin thang 5 nfim 1954, ngfinh gifio due cac
tinh Yen Bai, Lao Cai, Sdn La va Lai Chfiu
da md cae Idp sU pham dao tao dupe 120
ngudi. Ldp hoc gdm ba phdn: chinh hudn, ly
lufin chuyen mon vfi thUc tfip. Hfit khda thi
sat haeh dl di day. Cung trong thdi gian
dd, hai tinh Sdn La vfi Yen Bai md ldp sU
pham cho 37 hpe sinh. Thang 11 nfim 1954,
ngfinh giao due tinh Sdn La to chflc Hdi
nghi boi dudng nghiep vy sU pham eho 110
giao vien binh dfin hpe vu. Thang 12 nfim
1954, cac tinh cung dfiu md eae Idp hudn
luy^n sU phgm cho cfic bfic hoc, nhu tinh
Son La md dupe 6 ldp dfio tao giao vifin cho
146 ngfldi; 9 ldp dfio tao giao vien binh dan
hoc vy cho 259 ngUdi. Tinh Y§n Bai md
dupe 5 Idp dfio tgo giao vien vd long vfi 2 Idp
dfio tao giao vifin binh dan hpe vy cho 96
ngUdi. "finh Lfio Cai md dflpc 2 ldp dfio tgo
gifio vien binh dfin hpe vy (8).

Ngay sau khi dupc thfinh Ifip, IJy ban
hfinh chfnh cfic khu xay dung cfic ban
chuyen trach dfi quan ly, chfim lo cdng tac
giao due cua khu. Dd lfi Ban Giao dye Khu

D I nhanh chdng cd ddi ngu gifio vifin
giang day dap flng yfiu cdu gifio dye va dfio
tao, ngfinh giao due cfic tinh mien nui da

Rghian cOru Ljch aJr. atf 9.g01g
thpc hi$n mdt sfi" bi§n phfip nhU md cfic ldp
dfio tgo cfi'p td'c, thdi gian iii m^t tudn lfi,
m^t thdng dfin mljt hpe k^ cho nhflng cfin
b$ c6 trinh d^ nhdt dinh; md cfic ldp bfii
dfldng sfl phgm; tuyfin hpe sinh phi thdng
cd trinh do cdp 2, cdp 3 di dgy, Dfin nhflng
nfim 1955, 1956, cfic tinh mifin niii dUpe
thfinh I^p cfic khu ty tri ^hl cdng tfie dfio
tgo gifio vifin cd tfnh chfnh quy vfi hO thfing
hdn.

TrUdng Su phgm ad cdp Thfii Nguyfin, Bdc
Kgn, TuySn Quang cdn md cdc trung bdi
dudng vfin hda cho cdc gifio vifin cd nhu cdu
nflng cao nghidp vy sfl phgm. Dfin nfim
1963, cfic trudng nfiy dfi trd thfinh nhflng
trung tflm bdi dflSng, hfim thy sfl phgm cho
gifio vifin edp 2 tifiu hilu ciia Khu t\f tri
Vi$t Bdc. Trong nfim nfiy, cde trfldng dfi bdi
dfldng, hfim thy sfl phgm cdp 2 cho 611
gifio vifin (12).

T^i Khu V tri Thdi • Mdo. Ban Gifio dye
khu thfinh I$p cfic trfldng sU phgm sd cdp
dfi dfio tgo gifio vifin edp 1 (chiing tdi sfi
trinh bfiy cy thfi d myc sau), BSn cgnh vi^c
dfio tgo gifio vifin edp 1 theo chUdng trinh

quy dinh ciia Bd Gifio dye, dl dfip flng tfit
hdn nfla ngudn gifio vifin cho ede trUdng
phfi thdng. Ban Gifio dye khu edn md cfic
Idp bdi dfldng nghifip vu sU phgm, cdc ldp
sU phgm cfi'p td'c... Nfim 1955, Ban Gifio
dye Khu to chflc cfic ldp sU phgm cdp tfic
dfio tgo dflpc khoang 60 gifio vifin cd trinh
dp dgy ldp 1, 2. Nfim 1956, Ban phdi hpp
vdi cfic trudng sU phgm sd cfi'p trong Khu
md cfic ldp bdi dfldng sU phgm cho 47 gifio
vi§n c6 trinh d^ ldp 3, 4. Thdi gian hpe eiia
mdi Idp tfl 18 ngfiy dfin 3 thfing. Dfin nfim
1959, Ban md ldp bdi dfldng chfnh tri eho
tofin bd gifio vien cdp 1 trong Khu (9).

Thdnh l^p cdc trudng aU pham ddo
tao gido vi£n d^a phuang cho cde cdp
hgc
Ddo t^o gido viSn cdp 1: TrUde nflm
1956, edng tfic dfio tgo gifio vifin edp 1 cho
cfic tinh mifin niii phfa Bfic Ifi do TrUdng Su
phgm sd edp Vifit Bdc dam nhi^m. Nfim
1956, Khu t\( tri Vi§t Bflc dupc thfinh ldp.
Ban Gifio dye Khu tifip quan trfldng dl dfio
tgo gifio vifin edp 1 trong Khu. Trong ba
nfim, tfl nfim 1956 dfin nfim 1958, tudng da
dfio tgo dflpc 636 gifio sinh (13) theo hpe,
chii yfiu lfi ngudi dfln t^c Tfiy, Nflng vfi
Kinh (14).

Cung gid'ng nhU cfic tinh mifin niii Khu
ti^ tri Vi§t Bfic, trudc nflm 1956, cdng tfic
dfio tgo gifio \ ifin cdp 1 eua Khu ty tri Thfii
- Mfio do Trudng Su phgm sd edp Vifit Bfic
dam nhiOm. Nfim 1966, khi TrUdng Sfl
Ti?i Khu t\e tri Vi^t Bdc, nfim 1960, Ban
phgm sd cdp Vi§t Bdc dupe chuyfin vi Khu
gifio Khu md m^t ldp bdi dfldng sfl phgm
ti.t tri Vi§t Bdc thi Ban Gifio dye Khu ti^ tri
cdp td'c cho 254 gifio sinh lfi con em ngfldi
Thfii • Mfio xfiy dyng Trfldng sU phgm sd
dfin tde dia phUPng (10). Nflm hpe 1961
edp mifin nfli dl dfio tgo gifio vifin cdp 1
1962, cfic Trudng Sfl phgm sO cdp Thfii
trong Khu. Nfim 1959, trudng dfio tgo dUpc
Nguygn, Tuyfin Quang, Lgng Sdn, Trfldng
28 gifio vifin dgy ldp 1,2 vfi 50 gifio vifin cdp
Sfl phgm sd cdp Vi^t Bfic dfi bdi dudng mdn
td'c dgy ldp 1, 2 chfl Thdi (15). Dfin nfim
Trifit hoc thudng thflc cho 1.400 gifio vifin,
1960, trudng dfi dfio tgo dupc 741 gifio vifin
mfin Tfim 1^ hpe eho 1.200 gido vifin; bdi
di dgy tgi cfic chfiu (16).
dudng vfin hda theo ehUdng trinh nflm thfl
nhdt sU phgm cd'p 1 (h§ 4+2) cho 1.671 gifio
TrUdc nhflng nfim 1959, vi§c dfio tgo
vifin ldp 1,2 (11). Ngofii vific dfio tgo gifio gifio vifin cfi'p 1 lfi do Khu t^ chflc vfi quan
vifin cdp 1 theo chUdng trinh quy dinh, cfic 1^, tfl nhflng nflm 1960, Ban giflo dye cdc

COng Ibc dio tgo giao vian..
khu ty tri cho phfip cfic tinh vfi cfic chfiu
thfinh lgp cfic trudng sfl phgm sd cfi'p dl
trflc tifip ddo tgo gido vifin cdp 1 cho dia
phUdng minh.
Budc sang nfim 1961, Ban gifio dye cfic
khu da dfi ra nhflng bifin phfip tfch cpc. Dd
lfi tflp trung dfio tgo gifio vifin tofin cfip, ddy
dil hdn, tofin di^n hdn thay vi chii yfiu dfio
tgo gifio vifin cdc ldp ddu edp (ldp 1,2) nhu
nhflng nfim ddu hda binh l^p Igi; Tfing
eudng sy lanh dgo eua cfic ngfinh, cfic cdp
dfin cdng tfie gido dye; Tflp trung vfio ddi
tflpng lfi nam nfl thanh nifin cfic dfin t^c dia
phflOng dl tuyin sinh vfi d$e bifit lfi md
rdng mgng ludi trfldng sU phgm sd cfi'p theo
khdu hifiu "Dfin t^c nfio ed gifio vien ciia
dfin tdc dy", "Dia phfldng nfio ed gifio vifin
ciia dja phUdng fiy".
Triln khai nhiOm vy tren, ngay tfl nflm
hpe 1960-1961, Ty Gifio dye cfic dia phUOng
da thfinh Iflp trUdng sU phgm sd cdp dl dfio
tgo gifio vifin cdp 1.
Tai cfic tinh mifin niii Khu tU tri Viet
Bfic, bfin canh TrUdng SU phgm so cfi'p Vipt
Bdc do Khu quan I^ cdn ed 6 trUdng sfl
pham sd cdp eiia 6 tinh lfi Trfldng Sfl phgm
ad cdp Cao Bdng, TrUdng Su phgm sd edp
Thfii Nguyen, Trfldng Su phgm sO cfip
Tuyfin Quang, Trfldng Su phgm sd edp

Lang Son, Trfldng SU phgm sd cfip Bfic
Kgn, Trfldng Sfl phgm eH cdp Tuyfin
Quang. Nfim hoc 1960-1961, cfic trUdng sU
pham ciia Khu da dfio tgo dUpc 408 gifio
sinh (17), dfin nflm hpe 1962-1963, dfio tgo
them dupc 1.806 gifio sinh, ehii yfiu Ifi
ngudi dfin tdc thilu sS". Nfiu tfnh s6 gifio
sinh trong nfim hpe 1962 - 1963 Ifi 100% thi
ngudi dfln tde Tfiy chifim 48%, Nung chifim
14%, Kinh chifim 28%, cfic dfln t^c thilu aS
khfic chifim 10% (18). Dfin dfiu nflm hpe
1964-1965, Khu t\f trj Vifit Bdc cd 7 trUdng
sfl phgm sd cdp vdi 4.607 gifio sinh (19).

Tgi cde tinh mifin nui Khu ty tri Tfiy
Bdc (20), dfin nfim 1963, bfin cgnh trfldng
BU phgm sd cdp mifi'n niii do Khu quan I^
edn ed 18 trUdng sfl phgm sd cdp d cfic chflu
(21) dl dfio tgo gifio vifin cdp 1. Tfnh trung
binh m^t chflu cd hdn mdt trfldng sfl phgm
sd cd'p dl dfio tgo gifio vifin edp 1. Tfl nfim
1961 dfin nflm 1963, Trudng sU phgm sd
cdp mifin nui ciia Khu dflo tgo dUpc 497
gido sinh, trong dd cd tdi 398 gifio sinh
(chifim 80%) lfi ngfldi dfln t^c thilu sfi (22).
Cflng trong nhflng nfim dd, 18 trfldng sU
phgm sd cdp d cfic chfiu eua Khu dfio tgo
dupc hdn 200 gifio sinh, trong dd cd tdi 180
gifio sinh (chifim 90%) lfi ngUdi dfin t^c
thilu sfi (23).

Tfnh dfin nfim hpe 1964 - 1965, cfic tinh
mifin nfli cd khoang 5,998 gifio vien edp 1,
trong dd cae tinh mien nui thupc Khu ty t 4
Vi^t Bdc ed 4.607 gifio vifin, cdn cfic tinh
mifin nfli Khu tu tri Tfiy Bfic cd 1.391 giao
vifin (24).
Vdi sfi Iflpng gifio vien dupc dfio tgo tai
dja phUOng tfldng doi ddng va cO ban nhfl
v4y nfin ngay tfl nhflng nfim 1962, 1963,
cac tinh mifin nfli phfa Bdc da phdn nfio
dam bao dflpc nhu edu vfi gifio vifin cdp 1.
Ddo t<;to gido vien cdp 2: Cdng tfie dfio
tgo gifio vifin cdp 2 ciia cae tinh mifin nfli
phfa Bflc cd phdn chfim hOn so vdi dfio tao
gifio vifin edp 1. TrUdc nhflng nfim 1958,
vi0c dfio tgo giao vifin cdp 2 cdn nhd vfio
SI? giflp dd eiia Trung Udng hoge phai cii
giao vifin dgy edp 1 di hpe sU pham trung
edp d Hfi Ndi. Do vfiy, so Iflpng gifio vifin
edp 2 cua cfic tinh mifin nui trong nhflng
nflm nfiy cfin hgn chfi. Dfin nhflng nflm
1959, 1960, cdng vi^c nfiy mdi dUpc chfl
trpng.
Ngfiy 10-10-1959, TrUdng Sfl phgm
trung cdp Khu tfl tri Vifit Bflc (hay cdn gpi
Ifi Trfldng Su phgm cdp 2 Vi^t Bfic) dflpc


Rghian ciru Ljch sit, ad 9.2018

20

thfinh Ifip tgi Thfii Nguydn vdi 259 gifio
Binh theo hpe (25). Trfldng cd hai hO dfio tgo
lfi hO dfio tgo hai nfim vfi hd dfio tgo m^t
nfim cdp tfi'c. NhQng gifio sinh dflpc chpn
hpe hd mdt nfim phai lfi gifio vifin cdp 1 flu
tfl hofle mdt sfi can bd Ifim cdng tfic nghif;n
cflu d dia phfldng. Trong 5 nflm (1959 1964) da ed 1.342 gifio sinh theo hpe tgi
trfldng, trong dd cd 1.015 gifio sinh tot
nghifip vfi di nh$n cdng tfie tgi eflc dia
phfldng (26).

vifin dia phUdng khfic dfin cdng tfie. Cung
trong khoang thdi gian nfiy, sd' gifio vifin d
ede tinh mifin nfli Khu ty tri Vi^t Bfic Ifi
hdn mdt nghin ngudi (31).
Nhd sy cd" gfing cua ngfinh gifio dye, sy
giup dd cua Trung UOng vfl cfic dia phUdng,
cdng tfic dfio tgo gifio vifin edp 2 ctia cfic
tinh mifin nui, tuy cd ehflm vfi sfi lUpng cdn
hgn chfi, nhdt Ifi cfic tinh mifin nui thudc
Khu ty tri Thfii - Mfio nhUng nhin chung
dfin nhflng nflm 1964, 1965, tinh trgng

So' gifio sinh cfi'p 2 dflpc dfio tgo
tai hai trUdrng sfl phgm Cao Bdng vfi Lgng Sdn (27)
TrUe/ng

Tong

Nginh

Nginh

s6i

xa hoi

tUnhiSn

Tiy

Kinh

Su pham c4'p 2 Cao B^ng

99

62

47

77

9

13

Su ph^m ca'p 2 L^ng Sdn

56

27

29

33

11

12

Tfl nfim 1962, dl dap flng nhu cfiu bpc
lfin cao ciia hpe sinh cfic trUdng phd thfing
edp 1, Ban Giao due Khu Vipt Bfic md thfim
hai trUdng eu phgm edp 2 d tinh Lgng Sdn
va Cao Bflng lfi Trfldng Sfl pham cfi'p 2 Cao
Bfing vfi Trfldng Sfl phgm cdp 2 Lgng SOn.
Tfl nflm 1962 dfi'n nfim 1964, hai trfldng dfi
dfio tao dupe hfing trflm gifio sinh thudc cfic
dan tdc thieu sfi theo hoc cfic ngfinh khoa
hpe ty nhien vfi khoa hpe xa hpi.
Tgi Khu tu tri Thfii - Mfio, nfim 1960,
Khu thfinh ifip TrUdng Su phgm cdp 2, Dfi'n
nflm 1963, da cd 229 giao sinh dUpc dfio tgo
vfi tham gia giang day edp 2 tofin cdp,
trong dd ed hdn 100 gifio sinh Ifi ngUdi cfic
dan tde thilu sd (28). Theo thfing ke, sfi
lupng gifio vifin cdp 2 cua Khu trong nfim

hoc 1961 - 1962 lfi 192 ngudi (29), nfim hpe
1962 - 1963 tfing lfin 274 gifio vifin (30),
trong dd 229 gifio vifin lfi do Trfldng Su
phgm cdp 2 eua Khu dfio tgo, cdn 45 ngUdi
lfi giao vien mifin xudi len dgy ho$e giflo

Dan tpc
Niing

thifiu giflo vifin cdp 2 da phdn nfio dupe
khfic phye so vdi nhflng nfim ddu hda binh
Ifip Iai.
ca gido vien di hoc tai cdc trUdng 6
Trung uang
Bfin cgnh vi|c t^ chflc cfic ldp bdi dudng
nghidp vy sU phgm, dfio tgo gifio vifin thdng
qua hfi thtfng trfldng sU phgm sd cdp vfi
trung cffp, dl nfing cao chfi't Iflpng, ddng
thdi bao dam phdn nfio d^i ngu gifio vifin
cho edp hoc cao hdn (32), ngfinh giflo dye
cfic tinh mifin nfli cdn cilt giflo vifin di hoc tgi
cfic trudng d Trung fldng. Trong ba nfim
1966-1958, Ban Gifio dye Khu ty tri Thfii Mfio da cfl 11 gifio vien di hpe sfl phgm trung
edp Hfi Ndi; 2 giflo vifin di hpe chi'nh quy dgi
hpe sU phgm vfi 1 gifio vifin hpe ham thy dai
hpe sU pham(33). Tfl nfim 1960 dfi'n nfim
1962, Ban Giflo dye Khu tifi'p tyc cii 25 giao
vifin di hpe tgi eae trUdng dgi hoc nhU Dai
hpe Su phgm vfi mdt so' trUdng dgi hoc khfic
(34). Nfim hpe 1962-1963, Ban Giflo dye Khu

Cdng t6c d i o tao gi6o vifin..,
t y t r i Vipt Bfic d a cii 3 giao vien cfip 2 hoc
hfim t h y dgi hpe sU p h g m vfi 50 gifio vien
dupe bdi d u d n g chUdng t r i n h nflm thfl nhfi't
c u n g t a i trUdng D a i hpe S u p h g m (35).
N h d h i n h thflc tfi' chflc dfio tgo dd, ngfinh
giao d u e cae t i n h mifin n u i vfin d u y t r i dupe
mfit so Iflpng giao vifin dgy cdp 3 n h d t djnh
cho cac trfldng p h d t h d n g . Dfi'n nhflng nfim
1963, cac t i n h mifi'n nfli phfa Bdc cd 2.344
gifio vien cfi'p 3, t r o n g dd cac t i n h mifin niii
K h u tfl tri Tfiy Bfic cd 4 5 giao vifin (36) cdn
2.299 giao vien t h u p e cfic t i n h mifi'n n u i
K h u t y tri ViOt Bfic (37).

N h u vfiy, cd t h e thfl'y, d eae t i n h mifin
n u i phfa Bdc, dfic bifit lfi cac t i n h thufic
K h u t u tri Tfiy Bfic, mfic dfl k i n h tfi cdn
nhifiu k h d khfin, n h a n d a n e h u yfiu Ifi ngudi
dfin tde t h i e u so, t r i n h dp vfln hda cdn b a n
chfi, dieu kifin ed sd h g t d n g de xay d p n g vfi
p h a t t r i e n giao d u e edn thfi'p kfim, n h U n g
dupc s u q u a n t a m , giflp dd eua D a n g , Nhfi
nflde edng vdi sU no Ifle c u a ngfinh giao due
nfin edng t a c d a o t a o gifio vifin eho sfl
n g h i e p giao d y e d a d a t dUpc nhflng kfit q u a
n h d t d i n h . N g a n h giflo d u e cfic k h u , t i n h d a
xay dUng dupe hfi t h o n g cae trUdng sfl

p h a m de dfio t a o giao vien cac edp 1, 2 mdt
each tUdng doi co b a n , hO thdng; Bao d a m

CHU

du n g u d n gifio vien dia phflong, gifio vifin
ngudi dfin t^e t h i l u sfi eho cac trfldng p h d
thfing cdp 1, cdp 2 (rifing cdp 2, cfic t i n h
mifi'n n u i thudc K h u t y trj T h a i • Mfio chi
bao d a m dflpc 50% yfiu edu); Ddi ngu giao
vifin dflpe dfio tgo tgi cfic trfldng sfl p h a m
dfi d a p flng dflpe p h d n nfio n h u cdu gifio
d y e eua d\a phUdng vfi cd Ifip trUdng tfl
tfldng vflng vfing.
Bfin c g n h nhflng kfit q u a d a t dflpc, cdng
tflc dfio tao giflo vifin t a i eae t i n h mien nui
vdn cdn tdn tgi mdt so h a n ehe', nhfl chfi't
Iflpng mdt bd p h g n giflo vien, nhfi't lfi giao
vien theo hoc t a i cae ldp sfl p h a m edp tdc
cdn non yfiu; vifie dfio tao giao vien ngfldi
dfin tdc t h i e u sfi, ngfldi dia phfldng gifla cac
bgc hpe cdn chfla t h a t hpp l^'. Giao vifin
ngudi dan tpc t h i e u so day edp 2, nhfi't lfi
edp 3 edn qufl it. Dfi'n nflm 1963, giflo vien
edp 2 cua cae t i n h mifin n u i K h u Tay Bfic
ed 274 ngfldi t h i chi ed 36 giao vien ngfldi
d a n tfic t h i e u so, chifim 13%; cdp III cd 45
ngfldi t h i chi cfi 2 giao vifin la ngudi d a n tfic
t h i e u so, chifim 4,4% (38). T u y cdn nhifi'u
h g n chfi, song viee dfio tgo giao vifin d cac

t i n h mifi'n nfli p h i a Bfic d a gdp p h d n vao
vifie p h a t t r i l n giao due d dia p h u o n g , dUa
nfi'n k i n h tfi - xa hfii cac t i n h k h u vflc nay
tflng bfldc hda nhfip vdi sfl p h a t t r i l n chung
ciia ca m i e n Bfic.

THtCH

(1). Ching han nhU trong nftm 1955, tai ba
huy^n Sdn Duong, YSn Binh vfi YSn Sdn cua tinh
Tuyen Quang c6 tai 382 nguSi ch^t. Ngu^n: Ban
Cha'p h^nh Dang bo tinh TuySn Quang: LfcA si
Bdng bo tinh Tuyen Quang (1940-1975). Nxb
Chinh tri Quoc gia, Hk N^i, 2000, tr. 210.
(2). d m^t ao dia phUdng, lyc lUpng phan dgng
d^i Ifft tSn giio tuySn truydn, dy d3, cuang 6p dong
bSo theo D?o Thien Chiia di cU vfio Nam, gfly mfiTt
In djnh xfi h§i, hoang mang trong nh&n dfin. O Thj

xS Lang Son, lyc lU^ng phan dpng c6n t^ chflc bieu
tinh d6i chfnh quy^n ta cho tp do di cU. Nghiem
tr9ng hdn, khi Hi^p dinh dinh chifn du^c kJ k^t,
thyc dfin Phfip tranh thu tha d6, tilfp t^ lUOng
thyc, d^n dUtJc, di§n dki, ban d6 qufin ay cho lyc
lupng phi 5 Hfi Giang ho^t d§ng. Am mUu cua
chung lit afl dyng phi 3 Hfi Giang ciing vfii phi fl
cfic tinh L&o Cai, YSn Bfii, Lai Chfiu, Son La vfi
phi bgn Lfio nfl'i dfiy cildp chfnh quyln cfich mang,
t^o thfinh m$t "cfin cfl", mgt "dja bfin" phi r$ng Ifln

Kghian eihi lt|eh ai. stf 9.2Q12

22
dl aSn Bfing d6n qufin Phfip quay lgi xfim lupc
nudc ta.
(3). Ting h ^ tot hi ta 7080: Chl thi, b6o edo
th&ng ki vi cOng tdc blnh din hpe v\i n&m 1958 cOa
Uy ban Hdnh chinh Khu itf tri Thdi Mio, Sd gido
d(*c, Phflng Oy Ban Hfinh chfnh Khu ty iq
(UBHCKTT) Tfiy Bfic vfi Hi id atf 120: Bdo edo 16
ndm xdy difng vd phdt trU'n ai/ nghidp gido d^c Khu
t{i tri Vi4t Bic. Phang UBHCKTT Vi^t BSC. Trung
tfim Luu trQ Qutfc gia III (Cfic hi sd lau i6u dUpc
•Uu tfim tfi Trung tfim Luu trQ Qutfc gia 111 nfin
chdng tdi xin dUpc ph£p khfing ghi cym til nfiy).
(4), (6). Dfing COng ifin Vift Nam: Vdn Itifn
Ddng To&n t^p. t$p 24 (1963). Nxb. Chfnh tq Qufic
gia, Hfi N^i. 2003, tr 421, 216.
(6). Ngfiy 29 thfing 4 nfim 1966, Chu t)ch nUdc
ra Sfic l$nh at 230-SL vl vifc l$p trong ph^m vi
nudc Vift Nam Dfin chii C^ng hda Khu ty tr) cua
cfic dfin t^: fl Tfiy Bfic g^i lfi Khu ty tri Thfii - Mfio.
Vl mfit hfinh chfnh, Khu g6m c6 cfip Khu, bo cfip
tinh, dfi'n cfip chfiu. Khu gfim 16 chfiu: Mudng Tfi,
Mudng Lay, Sinh Hfi, Difn Bifin, Quynh Nhai,
Sfing Mfi, Tufin Gifio, Thufn Chfiu, Mudng La, Mai
Son, Yfin Chfiu. M^c Chfiu, Phd Yfin (tiic lfi gfim
tofin b9 tinh Sdn L.a, Unh Lai Chfiu), Phong Thfi
(Lfio Cai), Than Uyfin, Vfin Chfin (Yfin Bfii), Ngudn:

Cdng bdo nudc Vi4t Nam Ddn chu C^ng Wo atf 8
nfim 1955, tr. 122. Ngiy 1-7-1956. Chu tjeh nUdc
Vi$t Nam Dfin chii C^ng hofi ban hfinh Sdc Ifnh uS
268/SL thfinh Ifip Khu ty tri Vif t Bfic. Ban diu, Khu
gfim cfic Unh Cao Bfing, Bfic K^n, L^ng Sdn, Thfii
Nguyfin vfi Tuyfin Quang. Din nflm 1959, IQiu cd
thfim tinh Hfi Giang, Ngufin: Vift Nam Din chi
C^nghba. stf 23 nfim 1956. tr. 213.
(7), Ngfiy 15-8-1959, Thu tudng Chinh p h i ra
Thfing tu stf 3116 - A7 vl vi?c dilu d^ng gifio vifin
cfi'p 1, 2, 3 d cfic Unh miln xuAi lfin miln nfli cfing
tfic. Myc dich lfi: "Hi lim cho cfic tinh miln niii cfi
thfim nhilu thfiy gifio d l ddy m^nh phfit triln gifio
dye, Ifim cho dfing bfio vfi thanh thilu nifin miln
nui cd chfi hpe vfi dupc di hpe. Vifc dUa gifio vifin
lfin miln nfli hfing lo^t dl phye vy dfing bfio, ngofii
vi^c nfing cao trinh d^ vfin hda cdn cd ^ nghia

chfnh trf vd cfing quan trpng vl dfing bfio ifi nhfin
thjTy rfi ay quan tfim dfc bift ciia Ding vfi Chfnh
phii mfi ra aflc hpe tfip, ain xutTt gdp phin tfch cyc
xfiy dpng miln Bfic, dfi'n tranh thtfng nhfi't nUfic
nhfi". Ngufin: C6ng bdo nUdc Vlft Nam Ddn chu
C^ng hba (1959). atf 12, tr 479.
(8). Hfi ad atf 7043: D{e dn ehiomg trtnh vd bdo
cdo cdng tde gido dyie trong ndm 1953 cua Khu
Oido difc Tdy Bdc. Phftng UBHCKTT Tfiy B4c.
(9), (16), (33). Hfi ad atf 7071: Thdng tU, bdo cdo
vi cdng tdc gido d|/c ndm hpe 1957-1988 cda 8d
Oido dvc. Phdng UBHCKTT Tfiy Bic.

(10). Hfi ad atf 7094: Bdo cdo thdnh tlch ba nim
1958 • 1960 cua nginh gido di/te Khu t\t tri Thdi
Mia. Phflng UBHCKTT Tfiy B4C.
(11), (12). (18). (27), (36). Hfi ad atf 13254. Bdo
cdo ldng kit phong trdo phdt triin gido d^e tir khi
thdnh l^p Khu t\r tri Vift Bdc din ndm 1963.
Phflng UBHCKTT Vif t Bfic,
(13). Hpe vifin theo hpe t^i cfic trUdng sU ph^m
llic dd gpi lfi gifio ainh chfl khflng gpi lfi ainh vifin
nhu hif n nay.
(14). Bdo Vi(t Nam Die Up. atf 689, tilt ngfiy 17
din ngfiy 23-8-1956, tr. 4.
(15). Hfi sd stf 7084: Thdng It/, chl thf, bdo cdo
vi hii nghf ting kit cdng tdc gido d{ic ndm 19B9
cua Sd Oido dye. Phdng UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic.
(17). Bdo Vi(t Nam Die Up. atf 818. tfl ngfiy 11
din ngfiy 18-1-1961, tr, 1-4.
(19). Hfi Bd atf 13364: Nghf quyit cua Ban Chdp
hdnh Khu tit trf Vift Bdc vi phdt triin gido di/x
trong ndm 1965-1966. Phdng UBHCKTT Vif t Bic.
(20). Thfing 10 nfim 1962, tgi ky hpp thfl 6
Qutfc hfii Khda H. Qufic hfi thdng qua Ngh) quylt
dii tfin Khu ty tri Thfii • Mfio thfinh Khu ty t q Tfiy
Bfic vfi khdi phye Ifi cfi'p tinh.
(21). Cfic tmdng sU pbfim sd dp d cfic chfiu
(huyfn) tbufc Khu ty tr) Thfii • Mfio quy mfi
thudng nhd hdn ao cfic tmdng aU phfm sd cfi'p
thufc cfic tinh Khu ty t q Vift Bfic.
(22), (23), (28), (30). (36), (38). Hfi ed atf 7132.
Bdo cdo vi cing tdc gido di^c n&m 1961 - 1963 vi

Ctfng tfie dao >9o gi6o vlto..
phuang hudng 1964 • 1965 eda Sd Oido dye. Phflng
UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic.
(24). Tfl'ng hpp tcr: Hfi sd atf 13323: Dif thdo bdo cdo
cing tdc gido d\ic mtti/i ndm ctia Khu tif tri ^'^' B&c
cua Sd Oido difc Vi^t Bdc tit 1954 din 1965. Phflng
UBHCiOT Vift Bfic vfi Hfi ad atf 7132. Dfi dfin.
(25). Bdo Vift Nam Die lip. atf 752, tif ngfiy 18
din ngfiy 24-10-1959, tr. 4.
(26). Hfi 8d atf 13305: Bdo edo ting kit ndm ndm
xiy difng Trudng Trung Ape Su phg,m Vi^t Bdc
trong nhSng nam 1959 • 1964. Phflng UBHCKTT
Vift Bfic.
(29). Hfi ad stf 7123: Bdo cdo dng tde gido d^c
ndm 1961
1962 cda Sd gido dijtc. Phflng
UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic.

(31), (37). Hfl ad stf 13364: Nghi quyit eiia Ban
Chip hinh Khu tif tri V'^t Bdc vi phdt triin gido
difc trong nim 1965 -1966. Phdng UBHCKTT Vift
Bfic.
(32). Cv t h i lfi cfi'p 3 vt trong nhQng nfim 1954 1966, cfic tinh miln nili chUa cd trUdng dfio t^o
gifio vifin cfi'p 3. Din nfim hpe 1966 - 1967, TrUdng
D^i hpe Su ph^m miln niii mdi dUpc thfinh Ifip dl
dfio t^o gifio vifin cfi'p 3 cho cfic tinh miln nui
(34). Ting hpp tfl Hfi sd atf 7126: Ki hogch vin
d0ng thanh niin, hgc sinh xung phong tinh nguydn

tin ldm cdng tdc gido d^c d Tiy Bdc ndm 1962 cda
Sd Gido d{ic vfi Hfi ed stf 7094: Bdo edo ikinh tich
ba ndm 1958 -1960 cda ngdnh gido di^c Khu tif tri
Thdi Mio. Phdng UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic.

NGirtn PHAP von QUA TRINH DU NHAP Y HOC H I I N DAI .
(Tiep theo trang 8)
CHU THtCH
(1). Pierre Brocheux & Daniel Hemery:
Indochine la colonisation ambigOe 1858-1954, La
Decouverte, Paris, 1995, tr, 152.
(2), (3), (4), (5). Paul Beau: La situation de
I'indochine de 1902 d 1907. Sfii Gdn 1908, tr. 86.
(6). Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de
1902 & 1907. Sfii Gdn, 1908, tr. 286.
(7). 'Le problime indochinois" d&n trong T? Thi
Thuy: Din diin cda ngUdi Phdp d Bdc K^ 18841918, sdd, tr, 35.
(8). AS, tr. 56.
(9), (10), (12). Paul Beau: La situation de
I'indochine de 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gdn, 1908, tr. 83,

(II). Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de
1902 d 1907, Sfii Gdn, 1908, Annexe tr. 103.
(13). Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de
1902 A 1907, Sfii Gon, 1908, Annexe, tr, 225,
(14), (16), (17). Paul Beau: La situation de
I'indochine

de 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gdn 1908, ir

84.
(15). Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de
1902 d 1907, Sfii Gfln 1908, Annexe, tr. 283.
(18), (20). Gaide 1931, tr. 92, 93.
(19), (22), (23). RS tr. 5, 6.
(21). Indochine Fran9aise 1931, tr. 24
(24), (26), (26). Gaide, 1931, tr. 238.