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UNIT 5: ADVERBS

Nhóm 5: - Trần Mai Nam Phương
- Đoàn Thị Thanh Tâm


I. Definition
II. Formation
III. Function
IV. Classification
V. Comparison


MINI GAME

Where are adverbs ?


1. He

drives carefully.

go everywhere together.
3. Last year was the worst year
of my life.
2. They


1.He

drives carefully. (How)

2.They

go everywhere together.
(Where)
3. Last year was the worst year of
my life. (When)


I. DEFINITION.
What

is an adverb

?
Adverbs

tell us
something about the
action ( modify a verbs)
in a sentence, i.e. telling
us how, when,
where,etc., something
happens or is done.


II. FORMATION.

1.Simple adverbs: often, very, ever,
ect.

2.Derived adverbs: carefully,
completely, happily, ect.
3.Compound adverbs: selfconfidently, whole-heartedly, crossmodally, ect.


3. COMPOUND ADVERBS:
Normally forming adverbs by adding –ly to adjectives, but not all –ly
words are adverbs, they may be adjectives.
Many adverbs formed by adding –ly to adjectives.
Regular general: Add –ly to adj, including those with thhe endings shown:
Consonant + -e
Vowel + -le
Vowel + -l

nice/nicely
sole/solely
oral/orally
but notice full/fully

wise/wisely
pale/palely
carefull/carefully

but whole/wholy
cool/coolly

Other words endings with –e
Consonant + -le
Vowel + -e

Drop –e and add –y only:
able/ably
regrettable/regrettably
Drop –e and add –ly:
due/duly
true/truly

single/singly


Words ending with –y: change –y to –i and add -ly
Happy/happily
gay/gaily
but

lazy/lazily

dry/drily

pretty/prettily

shy/shyly

Words ending –ic: Add –ally
cryptic/cryptically
but

public/publicly

ethnic/ethnically

Distinguish

adverbs:

between adjectives and


Not all related adjectives have exactly the same meanings with the equivalent
adverbs :
It is our present problems. ( now, current)
We’ll be there presently. ( soon)
They are presently living in Vietnam. (now, currently)
Some –ly words having same from for adjectives and adverbs :
Hourly

daily

monthly

yearly

nightly

weekly

fortnightly

early

Eg: What’s the point of having daily papers delivered weekly?
- But annual ( adj) and annually (adv); also kindly ( adverbs and old-fashioned adjective),
through current adj is kind.
Some –ly words not adverbs, they are adjectives only, deriving from:
- noun & verbs: beastly, beggaredly, costly, cowardly, friendly, leisurely, likely, lovely,
masterly, misterly, worldly.
- adjectives: deadly, elderly, lively, lonely, lowly, sickly.
- others: silly, ugly.
Eg: He acted in a cowardly way. ( He acted cowardly)
They greeted us in a friendly manner. ( They greeted us friendly).
Note also: deadly poison (adj) but fatally injured (adv).


Adjectives and adverbs with the same form (without –ly)
and derived adverbs.
adjective

adverb

-ly adverb

clear glass/writing, etc

Stand clear of the
doors.

Speak clearly.
You’re clearly right.

Close encounters

Come close.

A closely guarded
secret

A direct train

We drove direct to
Leeds

It doesn’t directly
concern me.

It’s not easy.

Take it easy- there’s no
hurry.

You’ll pass the exam
easily.

Fine hair/weather

He’s doing fine now.

Finely chopped onion

High hopes/ a high

roof.

Jump as high as you
can.

We think highly of you.

A slow train

The workforce is going
slow.

The train was going
very slow.

Sorry. Wrong number.

You’ve done it all
wrong.

I wrongly imagined
that she loved me.


Adjectives and adverbs without –ly
We use the ‑ly ending to add to adjectives to convert them to
adverbs. But many adverbs do not have the ‑ly ending.
Some words have identical forms as adjectives and adverbs.
eg: Bang-bang! You’re dead. => adj
You’re dead right, dead slow. => adv

a-series:
- Adverbs: aboard

abreast

aloud

apart

abroad
ashore

ahead
aside

- Adjective or adverb: afloat, afoot, aloof, alone, amiss, astray
- End-position:
He lived alone.
Last year, they went abroad.


III. FUNCTION.
Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, nouns, other
adverbs and whole phrases or sentences.

Example

Function

Sit quietly!

modifying a verb (sit)

Claire was rather quiet.

modifying an adjective (quiet)

That week seemed to go
byincredibly slowly.

modifying another adverb (slowly)

It takes quite a lot of courage to
jump from a plane.

modifying a noun phrase (a lot of courage)

I’m going for a run later so I don’t
want to eat anything now.

modifying the whole clause (I’m going for a run)

Personally, I don’t like the plans.

modifying the whole sentence (I don’t like the plans).
It gives the speaker’s attitude. We often use commas with the
adverb when it modifies the whole sentence.


IV. CLASSIFICATION:

1. Adverbs of Manner:  will explain how an action is carried out.
Eg:  She speaks English well. 
2. Adverbs of place : will help explain where an action happens.
Eg: Here you are!
3. Adverbs of Frequency:  are used to express time or how often something occurs.
Eg: John is always on time.
4. Adverbs of Time:  while seemingly similar to adverbs of frequency, tell us when
something happens.
Eg: Last Monday, we took the final exams.
5. Adverbs of Purpose: help to describe why something happened.
Eg: Because I was late, I jogged a little faster.
6: Adverbs of Quantity: describe quantity.
Eg: The champion has won the prize twice.


V. COMPARISON:
The comparison of adverbs is similar to the comparison of adjectives, though not
identical.
1. Regular comparison :
The one-syllable adverbs use --er in the comparative form, and --est in the
superlative form. 

Absolute
early
fast
hard
high
late
loud

near
soon

Comparative
earlier
faster
harder
higher
later
louder
nearer
sooner

Superlative
earliest
fastest
hardest
highest
latest
loudest
nearest
soonest


V. COMPARISON:
Adverbs which end in -ly or have three or more syllables each form the
comparative with more and the superlative with most. 

Absolute
angrily

brightly
dimly
freely
gladly
heavily
loudly
quietly
sweetly
terribly

Comparative
more angrily
more brightly
more dimly
more freely
more gladly
more heavily
more loudly
more quietly
more sweetly
more terribly

Superlative
most angrily
most brightly
most dimly
most freely
most gladly
most heavily
most loudly

most quietly
most sweetly
most terribly


Exceptionally, with a few words, both types of
comparison are possible:
often => more often/ oftener => most often/
oftenest
quickly => more quickly/ quicker => most quickly/
quickest


2. Irregular comparison:

Absolute

Comparative

Superlative

badly

worse (than)

worst (the)

far

farther

farthest

far

further

furthest

little

less

least

much/many

more

most

well

better

best

Examples:
Of the two teddy bears, which do you like better?
This has to be the farthest I have ever walked in my life.

3. Not compared adverbs: here, there, now, then, when,
where, why, how.


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