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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

DIEP HUYEN THAO

CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE IN SOUTHWEST VIETNAM:
REALITY, CAUSES AND PREVENTION

Major: Criminology and crime prevention
Code: 9.38.01.05

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN LAW

Hanoi - 2019


The work was completed at
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Scientific Supervisor: 1. Dr. Nguyen Trung Thanh
2. Dr. Nguyen Van Diep
Reviewer 1: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dong Dai Loc
Reviewer 2: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Trinh Tien Viet
Reviewer 3: Dr. Quan Minh Cuong

The dissertation will be defended before the thesis review
council of the Academy at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences
at
hour minute, day month year.

The thesis can be found at:

- National Library of Vietnam
- Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences.


INTRODUCTION
1. The urgency of the topic
In recent years, child sexual abuse cases have occurred quite a lot at an
alarming level nationwide. According to Report No. 20/BC-VKSTC dated
March 23, 2017 of the Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam on the handling
of child sexual abuse cases in our country from 2014 - 2016: In 2014, there
were 1,832 cases/1846 defendants; In 2015 there were 1,613 cases/1,600
defendants; In 2016, there were 1,514 cases/1,483 defendants. According to
Report No. 16/BC-TANDTC dated March 24, 2017 of the Supreme People's
Court of Vietnam; In 2014, there were 1,825 cases/1,976 defendants; In 2015,
there were 1,692 cases/1798 defendants; In 2016, there were 1,454 cases/1528
defendants. And according to a report of the Supreme People's Court of
Vietnam on child sexual abuse from October 01, 2017 to February 28, 2019, the
People's Courts at all levels accepted the first - instance and appellate 2,719
cases with 2,894 defendants. With the above-mentioned statistics, it still does
not fully reflect the real state of child sexual abuse in our country. This has
shown that Vietnam is facing the situation of sexual abuse, in which child
sexual abuse is happening complicatedly and tends to increase. Therefore, the
protection of children is no longer the responsibility of each family but the
common responsibility of the whole society. In Clause 1, Article 37 of the 2013
Constitution, “Children are protected, cared for and educated by the State,
family and society; be involved in child issues. It is strictly forbidden to abuse,
neglect, exploit and other acts that violate children's rights ”.
Southwest Vietnam is not an exception to the general situation of the
whole country, with the severity of sexual abuse cases and an increasing tendency.
Particularly for children, many child sexual abuse cases have occurred in a very

serious nature, showing moral decline, disregard for human life, health and dignity,
causing annoyance to the public. Therefore, the practice requires a comprehensive
study of the reality of child sex abuse in Southwest Vietnam to assess the real
situation, the causes and conditions of child sex abuse then propose solutions to
prevent it. Thus, the topic "Child sexual abuse in Southwest Vietnam: reality,
causes and prevention" has been researched and implemented by the author to
meet the needs of Southwest Vietnam and the struggle to prevent child sex abuse
nationwide.
2. The research purpose and tasks of the thesis
2.1. The research purpose
The aim of this dissertation is to: Analyze the reality of child sex abuse in
Southwest Vietnam and propose some solutions to enhance prevention of child
sex abuse in Southwest Vietnam

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2.2. The research tasks
- Overview the domestic and foreign researches on issues related to the
dissertation, assess the agreed issues and issues that need further research,
identifying issues that need further research in the dissertation.
- Overview the theory of the reality, the causes and conditions of the crimes,
the prevention and prediction of the crimes, thereby overview the theoretical issues
regarding the reality of child sexual abuse such as: the concept of the reality of child
sexual abuse, causes and conditions of the reality of child sexual abuse, forecasting
and preventing child sexual abuse.
- Analyze and assess the reality of child sexual abuse in Southwest
Vietnam from 2007 to 2017 Specifically, the dissertation will study and assess
the floating part of the reality of child sexual abuse through indicators that
reflect the level, dynamics, structure and nature of the reality of child sexual

abuse. At the same time, study and evaluate the hidden part of the reality of
these crimes. Then compare the reality of child sexual abuse in Southwest
Vietnam in 2018.
- Analyze the causes and conditions of the reality of child sexual abuse
in Southwest Vietnam from 2007 to 2017 and 2018
- Forecast the reality of child sexual abuse in Southwest Vietnam in the
near future; propose solutions to strengthen prevention of the child sexual abuse
in the Southwest Vietnam.
3. Rearch subjects and scope of the study
3.1. Rearch subjects
The dissertation focuses on studying the reality of child sexual abuse in
Southwest Vietnam, thereby studying the causes and conditions that give rise to
and developing these types of crimes, thereby proposing solutions to prevent
child sexual abuse in Southwest Vietnam.
3.2. Scope of the study
- The dissertation researchs with a specialized perspective:
Criminology and crime prevention.
- The group of child sexual abuse studied in the dissertation includes 4
crimes stipulated in the 1999 Penal Code, amended and supplemented in 2009:
Child rape (Article 112), child enticement (Article 114), sexual intercourse with
children (Article 115), child sexual harassment (Article 116).
- Compare with the provisions of the Child Law 2016 and the Criminal
Law 2015 amended and supplemented in 2017 on sexual offenses against
people under the age of 16 (raping people under the age of 16; enticing people
from 13 to under 16 years old; sexual intercourse or conduct other sexual acts
with people from 13 to under 16 years old; sexual immorality with people under
the age of 16; using people under under the age of 16 for sexual purposes)
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- Research period: Through the statistics of the People's Courts of
Southwest Vietnam from 2007 to 2017 and supplement the data of 2018
- The research area includes 12 provinces and 01 municipality: Long
An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Vinh Long, Soc Trang, Hau Giang, Bac
Lieu, Ca Mau, An Giang, Dong Thap, Kien Giang, and Can Tho City.
- To complete the study, the dissertation summarizes the Court's
statistics on child sexual abuse in 13 provinces in Southwest Vietnam in the
period of 2007-2017, 2018. The statistics of the Supreme People's Court of
Vietnam on the nationwide crime data and the nationwide statistics of child
sexual abuse cases. Study 485 typical cases in 13 provinces in Southwest
Vietnam from 2007 - 2017, 2018 to carry out the research project. The
dissertation uses the typical study results to generalize the general study results
of the reality of child sexual abuse in Southwest Vietnam.
4. Methodology and research methods
4.1. Methodology
The dissertation is based on the theoretical basis of Marxism-Leninism,
Ho Chi Minh thought, views of the Communist Party of Vietnam on judicial
reform, the law on child protection, prevention of crimes of sexual abuse,
protection of children's dignity and sexual inviolability.
Then the dissertation is conducted with the following approaches:
- System approaching.
- History approaching.
4.2. Research methods
The dissertation uses the following research methods:
- Methods of analysis, synthesis and statistics
- Comparison method
5. Scientific contributions of the dissertation
- A research on child sexual abuse at the doctoral level, focusing on
fully studying the issues of the reality of child sexual abuse, causes and
conditions of the reality of child sexual abuse as well as measures to prevent

this type of crime in Southwest Vietnam.
- A study on the reality of child sexual abuse with specific
characteristics in Southwest Vietnam. With the method of interdisciplinary
research from which to identify the specific characteristics of the criminal
activities.
- A research with an approach to life, people, religion and belief of the
people of Southwest Vietnam in the causes and conditions of the criminal
activities and in the struggle in prevention of this kind of crime in reality.
6. Theoretical and practical meanings of the dissertation
The research results of the dissertation supplement the theoretical
issues - The dissertation will be a monographic work contributing to the
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prevention of child sexual abuse not only in Southwest Vietnam but also in the
whole country. The dissertation is a useful document that continues the study of
the reality of child sexual abuse and is a connected work with the research
projects of child sex abuse in Southeast Vietnam, Central Highlands..., forming
a comprehensive picture of the reality of child sexual abuse. The research
results of the dissertation will supplement and continue the previous research
data, enriching the criminal knowledge base. Since then the solutions of the
dissertation will be a continual source of research, a useful reference for the
fight against child sexual abuse.
The dissertation's research results will be a useful reference source for
competent agencies to research and apply to local crime prevention, a useful
reference source for legislative bodies to consider and assess Vietnam's
criminal law on child sexual abuse so that they can study, amend and
supplement the legal provisions on child sexual abuse crimes suitable to the
current social context.
7. Organization of the dissertation

In addition to the overview, conclusion, references, the dissertation
also includes:
- Chapter 1: Overview of the studies on child sexual abuse
- Chapter 2: Reality of child sexual abuse in Southwest Vietnam (from
2007 - 2017, supplemented 2018)
- Chapter 3: Causes and conditions of the reality of child sexual abuse
in Southwest Vietnam
- Chapter 4: Forecast and solutions to prevent child sex abuse in
Southwest Vietnam
Chapter 1:
OVERVIEW OF THE STUDIES ON CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
1.1 Domestic studies
1.1.1 The studies on the theoretical issues of criminology creating the
theoretical foundation for the dissertation topic
"Crime in Vietnam situation, causes and solutions", this is a State-level
project code KX - 04-14 conducted by the Ministry of Home Affairs, now is the
Ministry of Public Security, the People's Public Security Publishing House,
1994, a study on the criminal activities in Vietnam, which outlined some
characteristics of crimes, the subject of crimes, the causes and solutions to
prevent crimes in general. The topic has not investigated the causes as well as
measures to prevent child sexual abuse.
"Criminology Curriculum" of Prof. Dr. Do Ngoc Quang, Hanoi National
University Publishing House, 1995. The study on the theoretical issues of the
criminal activities divided the preventive measures into the following groups:
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Group of common preventive measures; group of State administrative
management measures on security and order; group of social preventive
measures; group of preventive measures by function; group of separate

preventive measures. Although this study does not mention measures to prevent
specific crime, this is also the basis for the dissertation to approach and research
the prevention of child sexual abuse.
The monograph "Criminology, Criminal Code, Criminal Procedure
Code of Vietnam" Institute of State and Law, National Political Publishing
House, 1994. Edited by Dr. Dao Tri Uc. In the first part of criminology, the
dissertation studied the theoretical issues of criminology such as the concept of
crime activities, parameters of criminal activities, causes and conditions of the
criminal activities, prevention of criminal activities, forecasting and planning
activities to fight the criminal activities. With the research contents of the abovementioned work, the dissertation has inherited those achievements to carry out
research contents related to criminal activities and crime prevention.
"Criminology Curriculum", Vo Khanh Vinh, Vietnam Education
Publishing House, 1999, reprinted in 2009. Or "Criminology Curriculum", Vo
Khanh Vinh, People's Public Security Publishing House, 2003 and reprinted in
2008 and 2013. Research on social phenomena groups such as criminal
activities, determinism, causes and conditions of criminal activities, offenders'
identities, crime prevention, international cooperation in the fight against
criminal activities. Although the study did not analyze in-depth the specific
crimes, the study provided the theoretical foundation of the theoretical
orientation for the dissertation to approach in-depth research on child sexual
abuse.
"Criminology Curriculum" of Hanoi Law University, People's Public
Security Publishing House, 2015. In this curriculum, the authors analyzed the
contents of the criminal activities, the general theory about the causes and
conditions of criminal activities, theory about offenders and crime prevention.
This is the theoretical basis that strengthens the theory for the dissertation.
The monograph "Vietnam Criminology: Theoretical and practical
issues" of the authors of the Institute of State and Law, published in 2000. This
can be considered a typical study on criminology, the research content from the
formation and development process of criminology, the subject and method of

the study of criminology to issues of crime prevention. The knowledge of this
study affects the thinking and research direction of the dissertation.
The monograph “Several theoretical issues on the criminal activities in
Vietnam”, Author: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pham Van Tinh, Judicial Publishing House,
2007. This study examines the number of defendants and its fluctuations in the
criminal activities, compared with the period 1986 - 1988, according to the
chapter numbers of the Criminal Code, the group of drug-related criminals has
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the highest level of danger, the group of criminals violating safety, public order
and group of criminals violating economic management order have the same
second level of danger; the group of criminals that infringes on human life,
health and dignity has the third level of danger. In this study, the author does not
study the causes and measures to prevent crime.
The monograph "Victims of Crime" by Assoc.Prof. Dr. Tran Huu Trang,
Vietnam Education Publishing House, 2011. The author introduces the concept
of victims of crime, the factors and specific circumstances for a person to
become the victim of crime, the cause of the criminal activities, including the
cause from the victim.
The monograph "Modern criminology and crime prevention" by Prof.
Dr. Nguyen Xuan Yem, People's Public Security Publishing House, 2001. In
Part I, the monograph studies basic theory on criminology; in Part II, the
monograph studies specialized issues and prevention of specific crimes.
"Victims of crime", Nguyen Khac Hai, VNU Journal of Science:
Jurisprudence, Issue 2/2018. The author's article has analyzed and explained in
depth the concept of victim based on historical process. The article also analyzes
the causes of victimization, the rights of victims, the role of victims in the
criminal justice system. This research has further strengthened the basic theories
about victims in criminology, contributing to the theoretical foundation for the

dissertation's research.
"Classification of personal identities of offenders in criminology",
Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy, Journal of Jurisprudence, Issue 3/2003. In the article,
the author analyzes in depth the classification of offenders such as classifying
offenders according to demographic and social signs, classifying offenders
according to legal signs such as the nature of anti-social tendencies and the
values orientations of personalities (nature and content of the purpose and
motivation of the offense); the degree of danger and sustainability of that
antisociality (the position of goals and motivations in the personal structure, the
level of development, the depth of values orientations and corresponding ethical
and psychological qualities).
"Qualitative characteristics of the criminal activities in our country
today", Pham Van Tinh, Journal of State and Law, Issue 10/2005. The author
analyzes the structure of the crime activities including the basic structure,
specialized structure, the data structure; the article sheds light on the structure in
terms of data and reality; the author compares the data structure and the actual
structure of the criminal activities on the basis of penalties in the periods of the
Penal Code.
"The causes and conditions of the criminal activities in our country
today - the theoretical model", Pham Van Tinh, Journal of State and Law, Issue
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06/2008. The author analyzes the concept of causes and conditions of the
criminal activities, the impact of integration trends on the causes and conditions
of the criminal activities.
"An overview of the level of the criminal activities in Vietnam through
statistics from 1986 to 2008", Pham Van Tinh, 2011, State and Law, Institute of
State and Law, Issue 4 (276), pp. 73-80. The article studies the trends of
criminal activities, general indicators, level of criminal activities based on

crimes, level of criminal activities considered in units of crime. Among many
research results, there are research results related to the charges of rape and
child rape (In 2001, there were 1,376 defendants; in 2002, there were 1,383
defendants; in 2003, there were 1,282 defendants). In three years, there were
4,041 defendants (accounting for 2.16%). This study has important reference
value for the author's dissertation.
"Vietnamese Criminology and Crime Prevention", Pham Van Tinh,
Journal of State and Law, 4/2009. - crime prevention systems including crime
elimination measures and crime prevention measures. This theory is applied by
the author in the research process of the dissertation on the prevention of child
sexual abuse that can be understood as "a system of many levels of proactive
measures taken by agencies, organizations and all citizens under the leadership
of the Party in order to prevent child sexual abuse from happening by limitation
and thereby reducing and gradually eliminating child sexual abuse"
1.1.2 The study on the reality, causes and prevention of crime in
general and specific crimes
Dissertation for a doctoral degree in jurisprudence "Crime of murder in
Vietnam Penal Code and struggle against this crime" Do Duc Ha, 2007. The
dissertation studies crime of murder in accordance with the Penal Code and the
real state of the crime of murder in Vietnam from 1996 to 2005, explaining the
causes and conditions of the murder cases; the dissertation also proposes measures
to prevent and improve the effectiveness of crime prevention and control.
Inheriting research results mentioned in the dissertation, including murder acts to
hide criminal acts, including child sexual abuse.
Dissertation for a doctoral degree in jurisprudence "Prevention and
fighting against the crime of trafficking in women in Vietnam" by Nguyen Van
Huong, 2008, Hanoi Law University. The dissertation studies the crime of
trafficking in women in the period of 1998-2007, there were 1904 defendants
guilty of the offense and 697 defendants were female. For trafficking in women,
taking advantage of relationships and material seduction accounts for a high

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proportion of the structure of the criminal activities. This is also a crime that
directly violates human rights and the victims are female. The dissertation also
analyzes the causes and solutions to prevent this crime. This research also
contributes to an expanded orientation of the crime research that the subject of
crime is female.
Dissertation for a doctoral degree in jurisprudence "The fight against
crime using violence in Vietnam today", Nguyen Ngoc Binh, 2010. The
dissertation analyzes the theory of crime prevention and fighting crime using
violence.
Dissertation for a doctoral degree in jurisprudence "Prevention and
fighting against human trafficking in Vietnam", Nguyen Mai Tram, 2017,
Graduate Academy of Social Sciences. The dissertation studies the reality of
human trafficking from 2004 to 2015; the dissertation analyzes the reality of
human trafficking nationwide and assesses the causes and conditions of criminal
activities.
Master's thesis "Sex crimes and fight against these crimes in Vietnam
today", Trinh Thi Thu Huong, 2004. The dissertation studies sex offenses in the
whole country. Victims of the crime are mostly female. The thesis analyzes the
provisions of criminal law on child sexual abuse and the reality of criminal
activities.
Master's thesis "The struggle for prevention and control of juvenile
offenders: reality and solutions for prevention", Do Ba Co, 1996. The thesis
studies the provisions of the Penal Code on the criminal liability of juvenile
offenders and analyze the situation and evolution of this type of crime
throughout the country.
Master's thesis "Protecting the rights of victims of child sexual abuse
from the perspective of human rights" Nguyen Huynh Bao Khanh, 2011. The

thesis analyzes the provisions of criminal law on child sexual abuse and victims
of crime and rights related to victims of crime.
“The reality of rape crime and solutions”, Pham Quoc Huynh, People's
Police magazine no. 1/1999. The author analyzes the reality of rape crime in
practice through statistical data, analyzes the effects of this crime on society and
recommends specific solutions to prevent crimes.
“Solutions to prevent and fight against rape crime”, Bui Van Dung,
People's Police magazine no. 11/1999; The paper focuses on analyzing specific
solutions for rape prevention and fighting. Besides the economic and cultural
solutions, the author is particularly interested in specific solutions from the
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offenders, victims and competent authorities to prevent crimes. The paper is the
basis for the dissertaion to absorb, exploit and implement specific preventive
measures in accordance with the research area of the dissertation.
1.1.3 Research works on the reality, causes and prevention of child sexual
abuse in the whole country and in each locality.
The monograph: “Prevention and fighting against child sexual abuse in
Dong Nai province”, Dong Xuan Tho, People's Police Publishing House, 2011.
This work provides in-depth research on child sexual abuse in the period of
1998 - 2007 in Dong Nai province. The work analyses the concept of children
and the provisions of the law on children, analyses legal provisions on child
sexual abuse. The Party and State's views on the struggle to prevent and fight
against child sexual abuse. By statistical methods, the work shows the actual
situation, changes, structure and nature of the reality of child sexual abuse in
Dong Nai province. Geographic, economic, social and population characteristics
influence the criminal situation. The work provides forecasts and specific
preventive measures in Dong Nai province. The research results of this work are
valuable reference for subsequent studies and are a useful reference for the study

of the situation of child sexual abuse associated with specific areas.
The dissertation: “Struggling to prevent and fight against child sexual
abuse in Vietnam in the current period”, Le Huu Du – 2015 - Academy of
Social Sciences. This dissertation studies the situation of child sexual abuse in
the period from 2007 to 2013 in the whole country. This dissertation analyzes
the causes and conditions of the crime situation under the impact of the living
environment, human environment and crime situations, thereby proposing
solutions to prevent child sexual abuse. The result of the dissertation is a
valuable basis for the study of sexual abuse including child sexual abuse. The
dissertation also inherits the results of this study to continue the research with
the next stage.
The dissertation in law: “Child sexual abuse in the Southeast Vietnam:
Reality, causes and preventive measures”, Tran Van Thuong, 2018, this work
reaseaches the situation of child sexual abuse in the period of 2008-2017 in the
Southeast Vietnam with 2064 cases / 2122 defendants. The research results show
that provinces such as Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, Dong Nai and Ho Chi Minh City
has the highest crime rate.
The Ministry-level research project: “Child sexual abuse in Southern
provinces and cities, current situation and solutions to prevent and fight”, Vu
Duc Trung, 2005, People‟s Police University. The project has studied the reality
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of the prevention and fight against child sexual abuse in the Southern provinces
and cities, thereby proposing a number of preventive and struggling solutions of
the people's police force.
The University-level research project: “Struggling to prevent and fight
agaist juvenile sex offenses in Southern Provinces” Vo Thi Kim Oanh, Le
Nguyen Thanh, Pham Thai, Ho Chi Minh City University of Law. The project
analyzes theories about juvenile sex offenses, the theory of prevention and

fighting against of sex offenses and juvenile sex offenses.
The thesis “Prevention of child sexual abuse by Police force of criminal
investigation on social order, Hanoi Public Security Department” Nguyen Thi
Huong, 2012, The People's Police Academy. The thesis only focuses on
researching the activities of preventing child sexual abuse by Police force of
criminal investigation on social order in Hanoi, the thesis analyzes the concepts,
roles, responsibilities, content, precautions and coordination of competent
subjects. Through this study, the thesis approaches reference on professional work
in the investigation and prevention of child sexual abuse crimes and studies
specific preventive solutions.
The thesis “Child sexual abuse - Reality, situation and preventive
measures” Diep Huyen Thao (2014) – Master thesis – Academy of Sciences.
This is a research project on the situation of child sexual abuse in Tra Vinh
province in the period of 2004 - 2013. This is also the first research project of the
PhD student. The work has studied the reality, happenings structure and nature of
the situation of child sexual abuse in Tra Vinh province, causes and conditions of
crime situation, forecast of crime situation in the coming time and solutions to
prevent this type of crime in the area. This work is of fundamental significance for
the study of the situation of child sexual abuse in the Southwest region as a
dissertation.
The thesis “Activities of the people's police force in the prevention and
investigation of child sexual abuse occurred in Dong Thap province” Vo Thanh
Tot (2002) - The People's Police Academy; The work has studied the situation,
happenings, structure and nature of the situation of child sexual abuse in Dong
Thap province, causes and conditions of the situation of child sexual abuse in
Dong Thap province in which geographical factors with specific characteristics of
the area, forecast crime situation in the coming time and preventive solution.
The Master thesis “Fighting against rape in Soc Trang Province” Phan
Thi Ngoan (2013) - Master thesis, Academy of Social Sciences. The thesis
studies on the visible and hidden parts of the situation of child sexual abuse.

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1.2. Research situation abroad
1.2.1 Theoretical studies on crime
In the book Criminology Today, published by Prentice Hall in 2002,
Northern Cariolina University in Perbroke (USA) of the Doctor of Philosophy,
Honorary Professor Frank – Schmalleger.
In the book “Crime and Punishment,” by Cesare Beccaria. This is a
monograph belonging to the classical criminology apprearing from the middle
of the eighteenth century. The work of Cesare Beccaria has provided planning
and limitations in the legal system, analysis of the modern criminal justice
system, recognizing criminals when committing crimes with consideration of
the consequences.
In the book “Crime and Criminology in Modern Japan” in 1989, Can
Ueda, Professor, Doctor of Jurisprudence, Ritsumeikan University, the book
was translated by Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Yem and Prof. Dr. Ho Trong Ngu
from the Russian version of Progress Publishing House, Maxcova in 1989.
In the book “Crime and Society”, Dongovo, published 1992, Institute
for Research on Causes and Developing Measures to Prevent Crime. The author
argues that "criminology is the science of crime research, the types of crimes,
the causes of crime, and relationships with other phenomena and processes;
studying the effectiveness of applying measures to fight against crime”.
In the book “Crime and Technology Crime” Rob White Haines, Oxford
University, published in 2000. The author writes, “Crime is an independent
research field, with a wide range of criminology research related to the
sociological aspect of law, the causes of crime and society's response to crime”.
The author believes that criminology is a social phenomenon, the goal of
criminology is to develop a common system of principles that have been
implemented in practice through current situation of crime and the process of

criminal resolution.
In the book “Criminology – The Core”, Larry Siegel, Cengage Learning
Publishing House, 2014. The author has conducted a comprehensive study of
the theory of social structure, serious social conflict between crime and justice,
the development theory of predisposition and criminal law is a relatively
comprehensive study of crime. This is a relatively comprehensive study of
crime.
In the work “Theoretical basis of crime prevention" Mikovskij G.M,
Moscow Publishing House, Jurid, Literature, 1977, (translation of the Institute
of Social Sciences Information, 1982). This is an in-depth study on the
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theoretical basis of crime prevention. The work indicates that crime is a social
phenomenon and the most basic direction to fight crime is preventing crime.
In the work “Crime Prevention - Theory and Practice” of Stephen R.
Schneider, professor of social sciences and crime, at Saint Mary's University,
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The author emphasizes theoretical issues on
crime prevention, crime prevention measures through environmental design.
The work has mentioned the crime prevention for young people, adults by
carrying out community activities, useful activities.
1.2.2 In-depth studies of child sexual abuse
The work “Child sexual abuse prevention in the United States”,
published by the United States Department of Child Abuse Prevention,
published in 2000 by Professor David Frikelhor.
The work “National plan for preventing child sexual abuse and
exploitation” of the United States National Union for Prevention of Child
Sexual Abuse and Exploitation, published on March 2012.
In the work “Rape and child sexual abuse in the United States”, Diana
E.H.Russell and Rebecca M.Bolen, Sage Publication Inc, 2000. Studies on

abused children in several countries (United States, South Africa, and the UK)
all show that the situation of rape and child sexual abuse continues to occur and
increase. The study also proposed effective solutions to fight against child
sexual abuse and have specific empirical methods to prevent crime.
The study: “Breaking the silence – Child sexual abuse in India” published on 7/2/2013 by Human Rights Watch. This work investigates the
issue of child sexual abuse in India by the Human Rights Watch.
The work “Prevention of child sexual abuse” David Finkelhor,
Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire
(Australia), published in 2009. Researching the preventive strategy orientation
of the judicial system, the weaknesses in the preventive strategy.
In the work “The right to be protected from sexual abuse of children.
Preventive activity in a multicultural context” Melanie Reinke, Tectum
Publishing House, 2002. The work has researched on child sexual abuse under
the legal basis so that there are principles and solutions forcing the offenders to
recognize the offenses. Research has shown that fighting against child sexual
abuse should be considered a top policy in the nation's development strategy.
Research work “Sex crimes against children - Risk awareness” by the
General Department of Development Research and Statistics (UK), published in
1998, chaired by Professor Don Grubin.
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1.3 Assessment of research situation:
Summary of domestic and foreign researches on child sexual abuse,
PhD students have the following conclusions:
1.3.1 The success of the research works achieved:
Scientific researches have investigated crimes under different degrees
and approaches regarding the status, situation, structure, nature of the reality of
child sexual abuse, causes, conditions and solutions to prevent sex offenses. The
works have had specific analysis on the situation of child sexual abuse

(evolution, nature, structure and extent of the situation of child sexual abuse).
The works have analyzed the causes and conditions of child sexual
abuse in specific areas, besides general causes and specific causes of each area
and recommendations on preventive measures for each specific area.
1.3.2 Issues having not been addressed and need further research
The dissertation on the previous crimes of child sexual abuse was
studied on the basis of the Criminal Code in 1999 or the Criminal Code in 1999
amended and supplemeted in 2009. The dissertation will study on the basis of
the Criminal Code in 1999 (amended and supplemeted in 2009) and the
Criminal Code in 2015 (amended and supplemeted): The issues raised in the
study are the subject of crime, the age and penalty framework for child sexual
abuse, and the situation of child sexual abuse taking place in the period of 2007
– 2017, 2018.
The dissertation deals with criminology on the basis of multidisciplinary
research on sociology, psychology and human rights issues in response to the
study of the reality of child sexual abuse taking place in the Southwest region.
Summary of Chapter 1
Through the contents presented in Chapter 1, the dissertation identifies
the necessity of selecting research topics, an overview of the research situation
related to the topic and the issues that need further study.
The overview is made based on a fairly large number of research works
in the author's accessibility. From that, summarizing the advantages and
research results that the dissertation needs to inherit and continue to develop. At
the same time, it also emphasizes the unresolved issues that require further
research.

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Chapter 2

THE REALITY OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE IN THE SOUTHWEST
VIETNAM IN FROM 2007 – 2017, 2018
2.1 Overview of the theory of child sexual abuse
2.1.1 Concept of reality of child sexual abuse
According to Prof. Dr. Vo Khanh Vinh: “Reality of crime is a social, legal
- criminal phenomenon that has been changed historically, class nature
including a unified whole (system) of crimes committed in a given society
(country) and within a given time period ” [146 Page 160]
In the book “A number of Vietnam Criminology issues” published in 2013,
the People's Police Academy, “Crime is a negative psycho-social phenomenon
which is both historical and concrete, and criminal and nuclear, which is class,
manifested through the totality of criminal acts, together with entities who have
committed such acts in a certain time and space unit ”[112 P.92]
In the 2010 "Crime Curriculum", Hanoi Law University said: "The
criminal situation is a negative social phenomenon that is contrary to criminal
law, is classistic and changes according to the historical process; expressed in
a specific set of crimes that occurred in society and in a certain period of time”
[139 P.91]. In the 2013 edition, the concept of reality of crime is definded as
follows: "Crime is the reality and evolution of crime that occurred in certain
time units and space units" [139P.99]
From the aforementioned arguments, it is possible to generalize the
situation of child sexual absue as follows: “The situation of child sexual
offenses is a social, legal - criminal phenomenon that has been historically and
classically changed, including the overall number of child sexual abuse
offenses occurring in a given area and within a given time period ”
2.1.2 Characteristics of the reality of child sexual abuse
The reality of child sexual abuse is a social phenomenon,
The reality of child sexual abuse is a legal phenomenon,
The reality of child sexual abuse is a phenomenon changing according to the
historical process

The reality of child sexual abuse is a general concept formed from the unified
whole of crimes committed in society.
The reality of child sexual abuse persists in a locality and for a specified period
of time.
2.1.3 The visible and hidden parts of the reality of child sexual abuse
2.1.3.1 The visible part of the reality of child sexual abuse
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2.1.3.2 The hidden part of the reality of child sexual abuse
2.2 The visible part of the reality of child sexual abuse in the Southwest
Vietnam
2.2.1 The extent of the reality of child sexual abuse in the Southwest Vietnam
The extent of the reality of child sexual abuse in the Southwest region
is the total number of crimes committed and the number of offenders
committed in the Southwest region and studied over a period from 2007 to
2017.
According to statistics of the People's Courts of the provinces in the
Southwest region between 2007 and 2017, a trial of 3,793 cases of child sexual
abuse was heard, with 3,844 defendants. On average, each year in the area, the
court hears about 316 cases of child sexual abuse with nearly 320 defendants.
The statistics (See table 2.1 and 2.2– appendix) show the extent of the reality of
child sexual abuse as follows: Ca Mau (558 cases / 561 defendants); Kien
Giang (421 cases / 426 defendants); Soc Trang (331 cases / 334 defendants);
Dong Thap (307 cases / 311 defendants); Hau Giang (262 cases / 266
defendants); Vinh Long (284 cases / 287 defendants); An Giang (286 cases /
289 defendants); Can Tho (257 cases / 260 defendants); Tra Vinh (253 cases /
260 defendants); Long An (232 cases / 235 defendants); Bac Lieu (211 cases /
216 defendants); Tien Giang (210 cases / 214 defendants); Ben Tre (181 cases /
185 defendants). In 2018 (when the 2015 Criminal Code (amended and

supplemented) took effect). With five crimes of sexual abuse under 16 years of
age defined in the penal code, one more increase compared to the 1999 criminal
code, amended in 2009, in the Southwest Vietnam adjudicated 520 cases / 541
defendants. The statistics (See table 2.1 and 2.2– appendix) shows that: In Ca
Mau (53 cases / 56 defendants); Kien Giang (41 cases / 44 defendants); Soc
Trang (37 cases / 40 defendants); Dong Thap (28 cases / 33 defendants); Hau
Giang (25 cases / 27 defendants); Vinh Long (31 cases / 32 defendants); An
Giang (43 cases / 45 defendants); Can Tho (31 cases / 33 defendants); Tra Vinh
(38 cases / 40 defendants); Long An (34 cases / 37 defendants); Bac Lieu (32
cases / 35 defendants); Tien Giang (27 cases / 29 defendants); Ben Tre (31
cases / 32 defendants).
2.2.2 The happenings of the reality of child sexual abuse in the Southwest
Vietnam
Studying the past statistics shows that from 2007 to 2018, the crimes
of child sexual abuse in the Southwest region have been complicated. Based on
the overall number of cases and defendants, the number of child sex offenders
tends to increase to 325 cases / 327 defendants in 2007, 422 cases to 426
15


defendants (an increase of 30.27% compared to 2007) - (See table 2.8 - chart
2.1 - annex). If the year 2007 is used as a 100% milestone for comparison, the
situation of crimes of child sexual abuse over the years 2007-2012 is likely to
decrease; in 2008, the crime dropped sharply by 14.15% and 12.53% of the
defendants; in 2009, there was a decrease of 12% in cases and 11% of
defendants; in 2010 decreased 10.15% cases, 9.48% of the accused; in 2011
decreased by 4.3% cases, 4.28% defendants; in 2011 decreased by 4.3% cases,
4.28% defendants. It is possible to explain in the period from 2007 to 2010 the
project "Struggling to prevent and combat various types of child abuse; juvenile
crime ”is being implemented so prevention of this type of crime also brings

positive results. However, in the whole period from 2008 to 2017, the number
of child sexual abuse crimes generally increased year by year and increased
sharply in 2012-2014. A comparison of the 2014 crime situation with 2007
shows that up to this point, the crime rate has increased (22.4% of the cases,
22.9% of the defendants) and compared to 2017, the crime rate increased
(29.8% of the cases, 30.27% of the defendants). On average, each year from
2007-2017, the number of child sexual abuse crime increased by an average of
6.69 cases, 7.54 defendants. The period when the Criminal Code 2015 was
amended and supplemented in 2017, the development of child sexual offenses
in the Southwest region of 2018 is still increasing. Comparing 2018 with 2017,
child sexual offenses increased by 6.8% of cases / 13.3% of defendants.
2.2.3 The structure of the reality of child sexual abuse in the Southwest
Vietnam
Studying statistics of provincial / municipal People's Courts in the
southwestern region in the period of 2007-2018 and 485 criminal judgments
with 500 defendants to determine the structure of child sexual abuse by the
following criteria:
2.2.3.1 Structure of the reality of child sexual abuse according to crimes
according to the 1999 Criminal Code, amended and supplemented in 2009
2.2.3.2. Structure of the situation of child sexual abuse by area of crime.
2.2.3.3 Structure of the reality of child sexual abuse by time and place of crime
2.2.3.4 Structure of the reality of child sexual abuse by mode and means of
crime
2.2.3.5 The structure of the reality of child sexual abuse in terms of personal
characteristics of the victims
2.2.3.6 Structure of the reality of child sexual abuse by personal characteristics
of offenders in the Southwest Vietnam
2.2.3.7 The structure according to criminal sanctions applies to offenders
2.2.3.8 Structure of the situation of child sexual offenses based on cases of firsttime crimes, recidivism and dangerous recidivism
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2.2.3.9 Structure of the reality of child sexual abuse by characteristics of
offenders using beer, alcohol and other stimulants
2.2.4 The nature of the situation of crimes of child sexual abuse in the South
West region
2.3 The hidden part of situation of crimes of child sexual abuse in the South
West region
2.3.1 The level of hidden situation of crimes of child sexual abuse in the South
West region
Assessing the hiding of crimes against children based on statistics from 2007 2017 shows: Investigation agencies at all levels in the South West region have
prosecuted 4221 cases of crimes of child sexual abuse with 4432 accused.
Courts at all levels have tried 3793 cases with 3844 defendants (reaching
89.86% of the cases, 86.73% of the accused). Thus, the number of cases and
defendants remaining or not heard during the period above was 428 with 588
accused (accounting for 10.14% of the cases, 13.27% of the accused) (see table
2.27 - appendix) can explain many different reasons, such as: The time limit for
investigation has expired but cannot prove that the accused committed a child
sexual abuse offender or the statute of limitations for prosecuting criminal
liability for child sexual abuse has expired. Of the above-mentioned non-trial
child sexual abuse accused there will be many cases falling into the hidden part
of this crime.
2.3.2 Hidden time of crimes of child sexual abuse in the South West region
Offense‟s hiding time "is the period of time from committing a crime to
the time when the crime is discovered" [144 p40]. In order to clarify the hidden
time of child sexual abuse crimes on the basis of analyzing and evaluating
judgments, the following results were obtained: Table 2.27 in the appendix, in
485 sentences there were 283 cases were discovered right after the offense with
the remaining number of 202 cases with different lengths of hidden time, even
cases of hidden time lasting over 3 years to be discovered.

2.3.3 The hidden area of child sexual abuse crimes in the South West region
A structural study of the relationship between the victim and the
offender in 485 child sexual abuse convictions and 500 defendants showed that
26 defendants were not acquainted with the victims. The remaining 474
defendants had an acquaintance, close or relative relationship with the victim.
There are 165 defendants who have an affair with the victim; 124 defendants
were acquainted with the victim (the same local or acquaintances of the victim's
parents); 75 defendants are neighbors; 45 defendants are friends; 33 defendants
are cousins; 27 defendants have a close relationship (mother‟s brother, father‟s
brother, uncle ...) and 5 defendants are victim‟s father, stepfather. From the
above analysis, it is possible to draw conclusions about the hidden areas of
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child sexual abuse crimes discovered by the thesis in the perspective of "The
relationship between offenders and victims of crimes of child sexual abuse”
2.3.4 The hidden causes of child sexual abuse crimes in the South West region
Thus, from the analysis and evaluation of the hidden part of child
sexual abuse crimes, it is possible to conclude besides the number of child
sexual abuse crimes handled and recorded in the statistical statistics by the law
enforcement agency. However, there are still a large number of unknown child
sexual abuse crimes have not detected, processed or not included in the
statistics. The number of hidden offenders increase , it proves that the acts of
preventing and combating child sexual abuse crimes is still inadequate and
limited
Summary of Chapter 2
Study and assess the level, evolution, structure and nature of the situation of
child sexual abuse crimes in the Southwest region from 2007 to 2017, thesis
draw some conclusions: child sexual abuse crimes are happening with
seriousness, complicated happenings and occur in all provinces and cities in the

Southwest region. Among child sexual abuse crimes, child rape accounts for the
highest rate of 2102 cases / 2122 defendants. The severity of this crime
accounts for a very high rate, which is reflected on the basis of analysis and
evaluation when comparing the number of cases and the number of offenders in
the group of child sexual abuse crimes. The tactics used to commit child sexual
offenses are diverse, but the most common feature is that the offender takes
advantage of children's ignorance and adolescent's love to satisfy their sexual
needs. The tendency of offender to take advantage of younger victims is easier
to cover up criminal acts, the immaturity of victims is both a favorable
condition for criminals to attack, and a barrier that makes it difficult to detect
and handle offender.
Chapter 3
THE CAUSES AND CONDITIONS OF THE SITUATION OF CRIMES
OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE IN THE SOUTH WEST REGION
3.1 Overview of the causes and conditions of the situation of child sexual
abuse crimes
3.1.1 Concept and relationship between causes and conditions of crime
situation
In Criminology curriculum, Prof.Vo Khanh Vinh affirms “the causes
and conditions of crime situation are considered as the system of negative
social phenomena in the respective socio-economic form, decide the beginning
of crime situation as their consequence” and “the causes and conditions of
crime situation create a system including many component parts” (146 p87)
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3.1.2 Approach to study the causes and conditions of the situation of child
sexual abuse crimes in the South West region
To study the causes and conditions of minor sexual abuse crimes and
see the impact of this factor on arising minor sexual abuse crimes in the South

West region, we need to analysis and make clear the relationship with other
complicated factors happening in the South West region.
3.2 The causes and conditions of the situation of child sexual abuse crimes
in the South West region
3.2.1 The environmental living conditions and causes
3.2.1.1 The causes and conditions stem from the limitations during the process
of developing socio-economic in the South West
3.2.1.2 The causes and conditions belong to the nature environment of the
South West
3.2.1.3 The causes and conditions about Living –Culture in the South West
3.2.1.4 The causes and conditions stem from the limitations of environment,
family and education in the South West region.
3.2.1.5 The causes and conditions stem from the limitation of State management
about security, order and social safety in South West.
3.2.1.6 The causes and conditions stem from the limitation of activities to
prevent child sexual crimes in the South West region
3.2.1.7 The causes and conditions stem from the limitation of the law policy and
enforcement of agency procedure and procedure conducting persons
3.2.2 The causes and conditions belong to child sexual abuse offenders
3.2.2.1 The manifestations of the offender's identity affect the cause and
conditions arising of the situation of child sexual abuse crimes
3.2.2.2 Psychological characteristics of child sexual abuse offenders
3.2.2.3 Deviations of personal consciousness about legal awareness and
knowledge
3.2.2.4 Deviations in lifestyle, stimulated by depraved cultural products and
habit of using alcohol
3.3 The causes and conditions belong to victim of child sexual abuse crimes
3.3.1 Identical characteristics belong to the victim of crime
Victim’s sex: Research shows that victims of child sex victim in the
Southwest region had 3793 cases (account for 27.7%) compared to the whole

country 14.014 cases (see table 3.1 – Appendix) , almost victims are female
children, the situation of child sexual abuse remains increase trend. According
to Court‟s statistics, there are 3 cases, victims are male. For example, case of
Phan Minh S, sentence no. 239/2013/HSST dated 30/09/2013 of The People‟s
Court of Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city. Phan Minh S and Pham Thanh L
committed lustful act toward Nguyen The Truong, both defendants have been
convicted of crimes against children. In reality, the situation of male sexual
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abuse happened in some places. However, in part because the victim did not
report, the family did not know or did not report, on the other hand, the sexual
abuse of male children has not been focused on prevention like female. This is
also one of the limitations for the study of child sexual abuse crimes in which
male children are not focused and protected against the risk of being victims of
sexual abuse.
The age of victim: Children who are most sexually abused are those
aged from full 6 to under 13, accounting for 57.5% (279/485 of the victims),
followed by those from 13 to under 16. 27.9% (135/485 victims), and the
lowest proportion is under the age of 6 years, accounting for 14.6% (71/485
victims). The age of victims of sexual abuse is highest from 6 to under 13 years
of age with children of this age having many cognitive limitations, they are
easily enticed, offenders are also easily approached by many different tactics
(asking, giving gifts, giving money, or intimidating), some children were not
aware of the behaviors that happened to them, which is sexual abuse offenders
will easily hide behavior. Crime hiding in these cases is often very high. Most
of the victims aged 13 - under 16 years of age have developed cognitively, most
of them have had contact with and interacted with offenders, knew a lot about
them, however, because of many different reasons, they do not declare such as
fear of being killed, fear of being beaten by parents, fear of affecting honor or

public opinion that will affect future happiness in the future.
* Social relationships of victims: Research shows that offenders often
take advantage of relationships with relatives, neighbors, acquaintances to
seduce and commit crimes. Offenders take advantage of the innocence of
children, the neglect of adults, as well as the majority of offenders take
advantage of emotional love to satisfy personal desires.
3.3.2 The psychological characteristics of the victim promote the process of
becoming a victim of child sexual abuse crimes
Firstly, Offenders take advantage of the psychological scare of children
to commit acts of sexual abuse, to control the spirit of children by means of
intimidation, intimidation or use of force to prevent victims from resisting, dare
not denounce behavior for fear of being beaten, killed, etc.
Secondly, the victims did not have sufficient awareness about the
abusive behavior, the children had a mentally light, gullible attitude, so they did
not have any protective responses to the abuse, even some children still hide
until the offender is found out, the victim is pregnant or when the subject of the
arrest has just been sexually assaulted several times before.
Thirdly: Victims are seduced, bribed to commit criminal acts. After
being sexually abuse, children are afraid to tell their parents or adults. A
significant proportion of girls are not fully educated and sexually informed by
20


their families and schools, so they are not aware of the consequences of sexual
abuse.
Fourthly, victims have early love affections, or have corruptible
lifestyle, which are used by criminals to commit crimes. Fifthly, victims of
corruptible and easy-going lifestyles are also one of the factors promoting
sexual abuse crimes.
Sixthly, there also exist cases of victims of mental illness or cognitive

difficulties leading to limitation of protecting themselves against abuse.
Summary of Chapter 3
Impact factors belong to causes, living conditions such as geographic
location, culture - life, family, school, economy, etc. the living environment had
strong influences on forming personality and life of Southern people, belief and
culture formed a habit of the life of the people in the Southwest region, apart
from the advantages, there are also limitations, including the issues of crime.
There are also impacts on the environment of the Family and the School to the
formation of bad personalities and characteristics that create premise for
misbehavior, including the offense of committing crimes.
Chapter 4
PREDICTION AND SOLUTIONS TO PREVENT CHILD SEXUAL
ABUSE IN SOUTHWEST VIETNAM
4.1 Prediction of child sexual abuse in southwest Vietnam
4.1.1 Concept of prediction of child sexual abuse in southwest Vietnam
According to Prof. PhD. Vo Khanh Vinh, the crime situation is a social
phenomenom, as such predicting the crime situation is a part of social
forecast... “is predicting about the reality, progress, structure and
characteristics of crime situation that may happen in the future, about the
cause, conditions and possibility of preventing it in specific stages, and about
evaluating the quality of the changes in the crime situation and its cause and
conditions” [146 pg 147]
4.1.2 Information on prediction of child sexual abuse in southwest Vietnam
in the coming time
- About the severity and progress of the child sexual abuse situation
Child sexual abuse in southwest Vietnam is severe and shows signs of
increasing in both frequency and number of people commiting it. Increase the
percentage of dangerous accomplices and recidivists. Child sexual abuse will
continue to increase and complicate with more sophisticated tricks to hide the
offense.

- About the structure and characteristics of child sexual abuse situation
There will be shifting structure of the crime and the child sexual abuse
situation in the coming years. In previous years, social issues and lack of stable
21


jobs were one of the negative aspects with significant impacts that caused child
sexual abuse, in which the majority of offenders were after drinking.
+ About the crime scale: In the coming time, there will be cases of
child sexual abuse with accomplices (rape, sexual harrassment and intercourse
in group). Because of the situation of young people using alcohol, drugs,
ecstasy, leading to orgy, including collective sexual abuse.
+ About the subject of the crime: The majority of the offender of child
sexual abuse are people from 18 to 30 years old; the number of offenders from
14 to under 18 will increase in the coming time.
+ About the method of the crime: By earning the children‟s trust and
using materials to lure them, to make way for sexual abuse; additionally, the
offenders also take advantage of acquaintances and the children‟s lack of
knowledge to commit and hide their crimes.
+ About the location of the scrime: According to researches, the
locations are Ving Long, Hau Giang, Ca Mau, Tra Vinh, Can Tho, Soc Trang
and Dong Thap.
- About family conditions: Offenders of child sexual abuse are mostly
in difficult economical situations and difficult life. Those with unhappy life
such as divorced or loss of wife also take up a large percentage of offenders of
child sexual abuse.
- About the victims: According to statistics, victims of this crime are
mainly from 6 to 13 years old, 13 to 16 years old, and the youngest are under 6
years old. In the coming time, sexually abused children under 6 years old tend
to increase in number, and the victims are still mostly children with an unstable,

difficult family, not cared for by the family, school or society.
- About the ethnic groups: In recent years, offenders are mainly Kinh,
whereas the number of Khmere offenders is rather high and those of Hoa ethnic
group is the lowest. Crimes of child sexual abuse are mainly from Kinh people
at a young age, influenced by technology development, the impact of depraved
cultural products, and selfish lifestyles, disregarding the law.
4.2 Solutions to prevent child sexual abuse in southwest Vietnam
4.2.1 Concept of prevention of crime and of child sexual abuse
4.2.2 Information on solutions to prevent child sexual abuse in southwest
Vietnam
4.2.2.1 Solutions on economy-society of southwest Vietnam
First, eliminate hunger and reduce poverty, and develop key economy in
southwest Vietnam.
Second, expand investment in economy development and deal with the
labors„ need for employment.
Third, focus resources on solving the people‟s basic needs.
Fourth, develop economy along with adapting to weather changes in
22


southwest Vietnam.
Fifth, improve economy management and resource development skills of the
region.
Sixth, economy-society development must synergize well with dealing
with negative aspects occurred from urbanization.
4.2.2.2 Solutions on geographic and natural environment of southwest Vietnam
4.2.2.3 Solutions on life and culture of southwest Vietnam
4.2.2.4 Solutions on family-education environment
4.2.2.5 Solutions on state management of southwest Vietnam
* In social issue management activities

* In propaganda activities about spreading and teaching laws
* In the general management activities of the competent authorities
4.2.2.6 Solutions for professional prevention of child sexual abuse
Firstly, organize investigation work in all of southwest Vietnam, review the
suspects, and establish records of management of suspects related to child
sexual abuse.
Secondly, promote the establishment and construction of network of
confidential information to proactively and effectively prevent child sexual
abuse.
Thirdly, strengthen criminal investigation and prevention of child sexual abuse
in the area.
4.2.2.7 General solutions on organizing activities of prevention of child sexual
abuse crimes of southwest Vietnam
4.2.2.8 Solutions to legal policies and law enforcement activities of procedureconducting agencies and procedure-conducting persons
* Solutions on improving the provisions of the Criminal Code on child sexual abuse
* Solutions on law enforcement activities of procedure-conducting agencies
and procedure-conducting persons
4.2.3 Solutions to protect children, victims of child sexual abuse.
- Teach children about gender and sensitive areas. This is the first skill,
the most basic foundation of protection that parents must teach their children
about gender and sensitive areas of the body. In many cases, sexually abused
children are unable to identify the seriousness and severity of the problem
because they are still too young and lack the knowledge for it. Parents need to
teach children that sensitive areas of the body are only their own, and teach
them how to protect their body from other people‟s touch if they do not like it.
Summary of Chapter 4
Sexual crimes are of high social risk that not only seriously harm and
damage a person‟s dignity, but also display a serious moral decline of some
people in the current period, which also cause bad public opinion. In order not
to lose the precious traditional values of the nation, which have been preserved

23