Nghiên cứu xây dựng hệ thống chuẩn đánh giá cho sinh viên năm thứ ba khoa tiếng anh hệ sư phạm, trường ĐHNN ĐHQGHN

t)AI HOC QUUC (VIA IIA

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CAP DAI HOC QUOC C,\\

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N(;ilHON CIJU XAY DUNC HE TH()N(; CHUAN DANH
(JIA CHOSINHVIEN NAM I HI) HA KHOA I H<;N(; ANI
HE Sir PHAM, TRU()N(i DHNN-OHQC; UN .

Ma so:QN 01.03
("hi'i iiliiCiii do lai: IS. Pliaiii Diing Binh
OAI HOC S ' . C C G'A -^A N U
TRUNG TAM T r C N G 1J"V ' H U V l E N

pr/3^?
A NO! 10/2004
I


1 .

PHAN Md DAU
1. TINH CAP THIET CUA DE TAI :
Viec xAy dung clni^n danh gia cac ky nang thirc hanh lieiig la mot
nhu cflii cAp Ihie'l , no xjic djnh sau mot chirofng trinli dao Tao ,
cung nhir sau ingt giai doan dao lao, ngircri hoc cSn phai dal ihwic
den niiiing chuA'n mirc cu [hi nao cho tirng ky nang ngoai ngfr.
Clui^'n diinli gia khoa hoc va phu hap se giiip giao vien c6 ca so
(]c dicu chinli noi dung va phircmg phap giang day cho ph»i hop
vol nuic dfch ciia chir{yng (rlnh dao lao .
ChiiAn danh gia cung gop phfin xAy dung hinh Ihiic kicin Ira
danh gia pliu hop va hicu qua . Mot Irong nhung nguyen lAc kicin
Ira U\ day gi kicm tra nay. Vi vfly viec dua ra chuan danh gfa en the
cho cac kT nang nghc noi ,doc va vici o cuoi nioi hoc philn sc h^^i
cai dfcli cho giiU) vicn va hoc sinh phai hu*()'ng (oi. Nguoi day sc
day cai duuc kicm Ira danh gia, con nguoi hoc sc bici du^c cai g]
h^ Irong lam dc dfiu lir cong sue va Ihoi gian nham dal kel c)ua cao
Irong c|ua liiiih hoc lap.
Trong linh hlnh day va kiem tra danh gia chua that thong nhal
nlur hicn nay cV cac Iruong chuycn ngu' , Ihl vice xay dung chuan
danh gia 6 mot Irung lam dao tao c6 trim cd quoc gia nhu* o
Iruong DMNN-DMQG UN sc c6 mot y nghla xa hoi

lal to Ion.

Cong Innh nghicn cuu sc co gia Irj djnh hu(?ng cho vice hicn ^{){\\]
giao tinih va kicm Ira danh gia Innh do lieng Anh chung Irong cac
trur^ng dai lioc chuycn ngfr noi rieng va Irong ca nuoc noi chung.


LTiuan danti gia cung gmp cno viec noi nnap voi KMU vue v^, mc

gic'yj de dang han. Viel nam

da lid Ihanh mol niK^fc Irong khdi

ASEAN va la mot nuc'ifc cang ngay cang c6 quan he qu6'c te' v6\
nhieu m\6d tren the gi^i trong lal ca cac ITnh vuc dac biel la ITnh
virc giao due. Vice de ra mgl chucin danh gia phu hop Wn dieu
kien day hoc cua Viet nam , nhung lai hicn dai ngang tSin v(i\ cac
nir6c trong khu virc va tren the gi('yi se lao dieu kien thuSn Igi cho
hoe sinh Viet nam c6 diCu kien dc hoa nhflp Irong ITnh vire giao
due cjuoe Ic.

2. MUCTIEUCUADE T A I .
Muc lieu ehuih cua de lai la nghien ciiu xay dung mol he
thong chuan danli gia nang lire Ihue hanh ticng Noi, Nghc, Doc va
Viet cho nam Ihit ba nhu mgl bg phan cua bg mon Thue hanh lieng
Anh cho sinh vicn he su pham, khoa NN t^ VII Anh Mv Ihong
qua vice nghicn eiiu cac nguyen l;1e, can cu va phu(rng phap xay
dung chuA'n va thue Irang dao tao va kiem tra danh gia cua nha
truoiig.
3. PHAM VI DOI T U D N G CUA DE TAI
Nghicn eiiu viec xAy dung chuA'n danh gia cac ky nAng I hue hAnh
lieng mol each Ihong nhal lir nam Ihu nhal den nam Ihu ba eho
sinh vicn chuyen ngu cua khoa lieng Anh Irong chuctng Irinh dao
lao cu nhan he su pham la hel sue can Ihiel . Trong cong irinh
nghicM cuu nay chung loi chi lap chung vao viec

xay dung he

thong chuan danh gia eho sinh vien cua nam Ihu ba chuyen Anh

thuge he su' pham hicn dang 6uac dno lao lai khoa Ngon ngu \'a
Van hoa Anh MTcua Iruong DHNN-DIIQGHN.

3


4. NHIEM VU CUA DE lAI :
-Xflv dirn^ CO scV ly luAn cho viec xAy dung he (hong chuA'n de danh
r

gia dugc mgl each chinh xac nang lire ngon ngu va yen can cu the
ve cac ky nang thue hanh tieng cho sinh vien nam ihir 3 khoa ngon
ngu' va viln hoa Anh- MT .
-Ngh'en ciru thue trang ve nhu cAu dao lao va ket qua dao tao cua
he dao lao cu nliAn su pham ngoai ngu . Nghien cuu ve thue trang
kiem Ira danh gia a nam Ihu ba khoa ngon ngu va van hoa Anh IVIT
truong D H N N - D H Q G H N .
- Nghien cuu , xem xel cac he Ihong chuAn danh gia cua cac nuoc
trong khu vuc va the gicrf , Tim hie'u nhung mat manh va mat yeu
cung nhu nhung diem phu hgp va diem chua phu ho|) cua e.ie he
thong chuan doi voi hoan canh va muc dfch dao tao sinh vien nam
lliii \x\ khoa Anh he su" pham .
- Dc ra duac he Ihdng chuan danh gia cac kT nang thue hanh lieng
phu hop cho hoc sinh o nam tlui ba khoa Anh lao dieu kien eho
vice nAng cao chAl lugng day hoe ticng Anh cho eae giar^ vien
tuong lai cua Viel Nam .
5. PHUONG PIIAP NGHIEN CUU
Dc e<> e(y sd cho vice nghicn ciiu va xAy dung chuan eho phfi ligp
\'(Vi doi lug'ng iigliicMi ciiu c h u n g loi da xem xel lai e;ie lai lieu viel

vc kie'm Ira danh gia, chuan danh gia da va dang duac su dung
trong va ngoai nuoc . Cac phuc^ng phap Ihu Ihap thong tin chii yeu
duoc su dung trong cong Irinh nghien cuu la: khao sat. dieu tra.
phong vAn va so sanh doi chieu. Phuong phap dieu Ira eo ban ve
Irinh do sinh vien Ihong qua bai TrAc nghiem FCE va kel qua Ihi
4


c a c Hoc prian va pnUOng p n a p AU ly lai u c u uaug luan iinjug is.g;

cung dudc diing d^ xtr 15^ s6 lieu ki^m djnh ke't qua
6. CAI MC)I CUA DE T A I
Day ih c6ng Irinh nghicn ciru khoa hoc , mang tinh he ihong d^u
tien v^ xAy dung chuiin danh gia cac ky nang thue hanh tieng ciia
sinh vien nam thir ba chuySn ngiJ he cu nhAn su pham cua tru5ng
DHNN-DHQGHN.
7. Y N G H I A C U A D f i T A l
- Y nghla ly lufln :
Gop phiin xfly dung co so ly luSn cho viec xfty dung chuA'n danh
gia vl ngon ngfr vh cac ky nang thue hanh ngoai ngu cf Viel nam ,
cu the Ux cac ky nang noi , nghe ,dgc va viel.
- Y nghTa llui'c lien :
Dua ra dugc mgl he ihong chuan ve nang lire ngon ngu va cac
yeu cau cu the ve ky nang thue hanh ngoai ngfr cho nam Ihu ba he
dao tao cu nhfln su pham ngoai ngu .TCr do tac dOng tc'^i vice dieu
chinh , thay d6i chuong Irlnh noi dung giang day va cai lien
phuotig phap giang day theo huc'^ng doi mcri noi dung va phuctng
phap giang day o bae dai hgc.
8- CAU TRUC CUA DE TAI
Ngoai phfin ma dau gioi thieu tmh cap thieU muc lieu, nhiem

vu va phuaug phap cua de lai va ph^n kei Iu9n tom tat nOi dung
chfnh va kct qua nghicn cuu cung nhu nhung han ehc cua de lai va
dc xuat phuong huong nghien cuu liep the(\ noi dung chfnh cua d6
lai gom b'd chuctng:


Chucjng 1 xay dung co s6 15^ luAn cho d^ if^i thftng qua viec
cung ca'p rngt so khai niem khai qual ve chu^n, t^m quan Irgng cua
chufin, canjcir di xAy dung churfn vh d\6m qua m()t so ehuAn (|u6'e
le'dem Iham khao khi xAy dirng chu^n ve ngon ngu va kT nang Ihirc
hanh tieng cho sinh vien o nam Ihi} ba .
i

Chuong 2 nghien ciru thue trang dao tao va trinh do ciia sinh
vien tie'ng Anh he su pham noi chung va nam thu* ba noi rieng.
Chuong 3 d^ xuA't mOt s6 chu^n cu the' ve ngAn ngu vk ki
nang thue lianh lieng cho nam Ihir ba khoa ngon ngu va van hoa
Anh - MT dua vao co sa If hiAn da xAy dung o chuong 1 va kel qua
khao sal thue le o cliuong 2 .

6


duy, lam viec, giao tiep, phAn tich, va tim hieu, nghien cuu m^
tinh dac thij ciia tirng mon hgc.
- chu^n boat dgng (performance standards): la nhCrng ihi
cii the va nhung xac djnh ro rang nhung dieu ma ngU(Vi hgc c
bict vi\ CO thd h'un duoc dc chitng to rAng hg co nang lire doi
kien thue va ky nang quy djnh trong chu^n nOi dung.
Vice xAy dung eliuA'n khong chi \i\ dac Ihu cua giao due ng<

ngu ma con la cong viec ciia tat ca cac mon hgc trong chuong Iri
hoc noi chung. Trong dao tao ngoai ngu, chuan thu(>ng dugc mc
nlur cac hanh vi ngon ngu co the quan sat dugc the hien nang I
giao liep ngon ngu.
1.1.2. (Jnc CO s(V xay dung chuan
Xac dinh elui^n elio mot mon hgc Irong mOt khoa hgc doi I
mgl quii Irnili nghien cuu Ihu lAp nhieu thong tin khae nhau. vSAu
ve mat ly luAn, ehuAii dugc xAy dung dua Ircn (juan niem ve b
dial va chue nang cua ngon ngu va viec hgc ngoai ngu\ ve vice I
die ngon ngu Ihu hai. Nguc^i xAy dung chuan cung cAn nhan Ih
dugc driy du mgl so vAn dc ca ban trong boat dgng day/hoc o I
dai hgc, cac ITnh vuc nhan Ihirc, ky nang va cam nhan cua ngi
hgc. Clui^n cung phai dua tren muc dfch cua chuong Irinh dao t<
dieu kien va hien trang dao lao, va cuoi cung, no pliai (hrge x
dung theo xu hucifng hoa nhap - theo chuan quoc le. XAy dung th
xu huong hoa nhap

xac djnh chuAin Viel nam Ircn eo so \\v<

khao ciic he thong ehuAn quoc le va co the tmtng duong voi nhu
cluKlii quoc le'nhAl dinh. Viee xAy dun^: ehuAn cung phai xel d
vice dao tao nhu U\ mgl qua Irinh dgng, dau vao cung nhu' Irrih
I

8


CHUONG 1.

C d SCJ LY LUAN CHUNG

I.I Mgl so van dc khai qiiat vc chuan va xay d^In^ cliiian
l . M ( liuanlagi?
Khi lien lianh xAy dung bAI cu mgl khoa lioe hay mot ehircriig Iriii
dao lao nao nguoi la cung huong den mgl kel cpia nhal djnh ni
khoa hoc hoac ehu(yng Irinh dao lao do cAn dal dugc Noi cac
khae UKM chuong Irinh dao tao deu phai dal ra nhiing cai die
(targets) clio no. ChuAn (standard) la su mo la chi ticT nhung c;
dfch ma ngucri hgc phai dat dirge sau qua Irinh hgc. Chuan dirg
Xcic djnh xuat pliat tir muc dfch dao tao (goal) va viec xac din
chuAn (|i theo nhicu cA'p bAc: di lu vice xac djnh ehuAn khai (juii
den viec cu the hoa cac chuan do duoi hinh thue cac tieu chf miei
la (desei iplors) vA cac chi srt lien bg erfn dal dugc (sample progies
indicator).
Ciic chuan khai qual giup xac djnh dugc duong hm'rng chuii]
cho chuong Irlnh, Ihc hicn nguyen lAc chung cua chuctng tilnh
Tiong khi do cac chuan cu Ihc dong vai Iro lam can eu eho vici
xAy dung noi dung cho chuong Irinh mon hgc va xAy dung cac lici
chf danh gia, xac dinh dugc tien bg cua nguoi hgc cung nhu ke
qu'i\ cua loan khoa hoc.
Chuan Irong giao due eo the dugc xac djnh tren hai phucrng dicn:
- ehuAn ngi dung (content standards): la mo la khai qual kiei
lluic va ky nang ma nguoi hgc pluii co dugc sau khcx) hgc. Kie?
Ihiie ba(^ gdm nliung y luVtng, khai niem , van de va ihong lin quai
Irong Irong ITnh vue cua mon hgc. Ky nang bao gom each ihue U

7


duy, lam viec, giao liep, phAn tfch, va tim hieu, nghien ciru mai

tinh dac thii ciia tirng mon hgc.
- chuA'n boat dgng (performance standards): la nhung thf (
cu the va nhung xac dinh ro rang nhirng dilu ma ngu(i\ hgc ci
hi6{ va CO Ihd lam dugc dc chung to rAng hg co nang lire doi v
kien thue va ky nang quy djnh trong chu^n ngi dung.
Vice xAy dung chuan khong chi la dac Ihu cua giao due ngo
ngu ma con la cong viec cua lA'l ca cac mon hgc trong chuong trni
hgc noi chung. Trong dao tao ngoai ngu, chuan thucyng dugc mo i
nhu cac hanh vi ngon ngu eo the quan sat dugc the hien nang li
giao liep ngon ngu.
1.1.2. Cac ccyscVxay dung chuan
Xac djnh chucfn cho mot mon hgc trong mOI khoa hgc doi h(
mgl tiuii Irinh nghien cuu Ihu lAp nhieu thong lin khae nhau, vSAu x
ve mat ly luan, chuAn dugc xAy dung dua Ircn cpian niem vc ba
cliAT va chue nang cua ngon ngu va viec hgc ngoai ngu, ve vice Ih
die ngon ngu Ihu hai. Nguoi xAy dung chuan cilng cAn nhan Ihii
dugc driy du mgl so van dc ca ban trong boat dgng day/hge o ba
dai hgc, cac ITnh vuc nhan ihire, ky nang va cam nhan cua ngur
hgc. ChuA'n cung phai dua tren muc dfch cua ehmmg Irinh dao tac
dieu kien va hien Irang dao lao, va cuoi cung. no phai du'ofe x;T
dung theo xu \numg hoa nhap - theo chuan quoc le. XAy dung tho
xu huong hoa nhap

xac dinh chualn Viet nam lien co so ihan

khiio c;ic he Ihong ehuAn quoc le va eo Ihe lucmg duong voi nhunj
churm quoc 10'nliAl d i n h .

Viee xAy d u n g ehuAii eung phiii xel dei

vice dao tao nhu la mgl cjua liiiih dgng, dfiu vao efing nhu liiMh (l(
I
8


cua sinh vjen tang iCn trong khoang 10 nam loi, va kct hgp voi yeu
to tren dci xAy dung cho mlnh mot he ihong theo chuan quoc tc
song CO ifnh kha Ihi trong dieu kien ciia VN.
1.1.2.1. Co .sa tarn li hoc
Dc CO the xAy dung dugc thang chuan, ngUii\ xAy dung cAn y
thue d'^y dii ve mOt so vA'n d6 co ban trong boat dOng day/hge o
dai hgc. Dieu nay co ngliTa la ngucyi la phai xac djnh dirge ITnh
vue c;1n danh gia - qua Irinh day-hgc. Ngi ham cua giang day dai
hgc ba6 gom:
• LT/ih vifc nhan thu'c (cognitive domain)
Tlieo phejH phAn loai cua Bloom, ITnh vuc nhan Ihue eo the dugc
xop nhu sail llico llur bac lir lliA'p (I) den cao (6) :
Cap do
1. Bicl (knowledge)

Hanh vi
Nha, Ihiioc long, nhan bie't, lai hien

2. Hien (comprehension) Hieii, chuyen ddi diiac lir phuang
lien nay sang |-»hu(mg lien khae, mo l;i diroc h;lng ngon lir
ci'ia mnih
3. Ap dung (appliealion) Giai quyet van dc, sudung thong
lin CO hicu qua .
I

4. PhAn lich (analysis): Co kha nang phan lich (|ua Irinh su
vice hinh IhAnh ra sao. Ilm ra diroc cfl'ii iriic h6 .sAn ihAng
dicp. xac dinh diiac dong co
.'=i. Tong hap fsynlhcsis)

Co kha nang lao san phAm lai noi

d.ic Ihu. hang ngon lir hoac hfuig \al Ihe ccr hoc
ri.D;inh gia (evalualion) Danh gia dirac ve \an (\(\ phan
quyel duac \'c nhung lianh luan, bal dong v kien


• LTnh vifc ky nang (psychomotor

domain)

Ky nang cung dugc xep hang lir IhA'p den rA'l cao (highly skilled).
Trong ITnh vuc danh gia nang luc sir dung mot ngoai ngir, mitc
ca(» nha'l Ihudng Ik miJc g^n ngubx ban ngu* (near-native/ nativelike). Qua Irlnh hinh Ihanh ky nang dugc s<1p xep theo trinh tir:
1. Tiep Ihu (Reception)
2. Dap ling (response)
3. Lugng gia (Valueing)
4. To chue (organization)
5. Dac Irung hoa (Characterization)
• Lliih vuc cam nhan (affective domain)
Hoat dgng day-hgc nhAm hnih thanh, phat trie'n o ngircyj hgc thai
do, llnh cam va he gia tri. Trong qua trinh hgc ngoai ngu, ngircyi
hgc CO the co nhung chuyen bien ve thai do, y thue ve gia Irj do
tiep xiic va chju anh huong cua ng6n ngfr vA vAn hoa cua thit
tieng dugc hgc (largel language and culture).

1.1.2.2. Co so ngon ngu hgc
Vice xac dinh chuAn danh gia thuong chiu nhieu anh huong
cua eae quan niem khae nhau ve ngon ngu vA ngon ngCi* hoc ung
dung . Noi mot each khae sir hieu biel cua con nguoi ve ngon ngu
va va vice day hgc ngon ngu noi chung va ngoai ngu noi rieng se
CO anh huong rA't \6n den vice xac ding xa xAy dung chuAn danh
gia

Nhin chung eo hai truong phai ehmh eo anh huong Ion nhAl

den duong huc'vng xAy dung ehuAn phd bien, do la cpian diem c Au
triic va quan diem giao liep.

0


(^uan diem cAu Iruc eho rang ngon ngu la mot he lliong e:u
th jnh lo CO quan he v^ri nhau ve mat cau true de ma boa y nghia
VI vAy muc lieu hgc ngoai ngu la nAm dugc eae ihanh lo irong he
thong do. Tir quan diem lien clAn den quan niem e('> linh iruycM
thong rang biel mgl ngoai ngfr la nAm dugc cac dan vi am thanh
eae d(rn vj tu vung, niAu cAu cua ngon ngu do va bien chung Ihanli
Ihoi qucn tu dgng.
ChuA'n danh gia iheo dufrng huong cA'u true Ihuftng iflp irung vac
vice nhiing kien thue ngon ngu dan le va kha nang bien vice sn
diMig eae d(tn vj ngon ngu don Ic nay thanh tu dgng hoa.
(^nan niem nay da eo anh huong Ion den vice dav va IKH

ngoai ngfr noi chung va lieng Anh noi rieng trong mot Ihoi gian dai
. N'iee \Ay dung chuan danh gia ihco cjuan nitMn lien en

.ihien

IhuAii Igi khi cac nha nghien cuu co Ihc xac dinh dugc so lugng
ca ban cua he ihong cau true trong mgl ngon ngu. Nhung tren thue
Ic vice nam vung he thong cau true khong dam ban eho vice the
hicn nang luc ngon ngfr cua nguoi hgc . VI ngon ngfr vdri In e;k h
la mgl phuong lien giao tiep chu yeu cua con ngU(i\ , no dugc su
dung v6 Cling linh IKXII va dfiy Ifnh sang lao. Noi (hing khong Ihoi
chua (hV ma phai noi sa(^ eho pliii hgp voi hoan e;inh giao liep \ a
cac eluiiui muc khae nhau vC van hoa va xa iigi.
VI vay Irong ihoi gian gan dAy duong huong giao liep da co anh
hiivVng I'Vii vice xAy dung chuAn danh gia doi vol qna Irinh vice
da}' hgc ngoai ngU va kicm Ira danh gia nang luv ngoai ngu eua
imu'oi hoe .


PhAn dong cac nha nghicn ci'rii Ihco dirang hirang nav dei
tliong iiliAl quan diem n'uig biel mol ngon ngii hao gom kh;i tiaii!
thirc hien mot so lirang \6n cac nhiem vu khae nhau bfing ngon ngf
do. Biel mol ngon ngu khong phai chi bao gdm kha nring

kiem

soat dirac he Ihdng ngdn ngfr cua no (cii phap, huih vj. am vi. in
vung. v.V.) ma no con cd nghla la ngudi sir dung phai cd kha nang
liep can vdi cac khfa canh ngfr dung, ngif cjinh, ngAn ngu xa hAi
hoc ci'ia ngdn ngu dd de dat duac muc dfch giao liep bfuig nhiiiig
each lluic phu hap vdi lung ngiicanh vAn hda cu \U6.
Ciiao tiep duac coi la lam diem cua moi mdi (pian he xa hdi.

Muc dfch giao liep duac coi la muc dfch quan liong nhal cua vice
hoc iigoai ngii'. Me Ihdng chufin can duac xay dung dua lien quan
niem rAng mol Irong nhung muc dfch quan Irgng nhft't cua hgc
ngoai ngu la kha nang giao tiep bang ngoai ngu dd, cd nghla l-i kha
nang chuyen lai va Ihu nhfln Ihanh cong nhung Ihdng dicp lluidc
nhieu Ihe loai khae nhau; kha nflng su dung ngOn ngfr dd dc' Ihain
gia vao cac tuang lac xa hoi va Ihiel lap cac mdi quan he xa hdi:
kh;i nfing l i d chuycn. Hanh luan, phc phan. yen criii, Ihiiyel pluic va
gi:inu gf;li mgl each hicu c|iia. biel Ifnh den su khae biel vr mdi hie ,
ngiio.i gdc. hgc van. do Ihan quen cua nguoi liiam llioai. [5cn canh
d(i la kha nang Ihu nhan thong lin lu cac van ban viel va c;u
phirong lien Ihdng lin khae. dic^n giai dugc cac Ihong lin dd phu
hap vdi phong each, hoan canh giao tiep va muc dfch giao liep. N('>i
each khae. kha nang giao liep la su kel hop giua kien ihuc ve lie
Ihong nnon ngfr d(') voi kien ihiiv vc cac Ihe ihiiv van hoa. eai (|ii\

12


tAc lich sir, cac quy u6c ngon ban, v.v. de' chuyen lai va nhAn v6
mgl each Ihanh cong cac Ihong dicp co nghTa.
VcVi quan niem ve ban chat cua ngon ngu va quan niem v6 the
nao la biC't mot ngoai ngu cua ducmg huc^yng giao tiep, chuan danh
gia ngoai ngu khong nhung tAp Irung vao kha nang ngu phap ma
con nhA'n manh ca kien thii'c ve ngon ngU xa hoi hgc, kha nang
hicu ham y va chicn luge giao tie'p cua nguoi hgc. No doi hoi ngiroi
hgc phai sir diing ngon ngu mgl each tu nhien Irong nhung hoal
dgng giao tiep thue sir, va no phai kiem tra dugc true tiep ngiroi
hgc mot loat eae chue nang giao liep khae nhau. Chuan danh gia
Iheo (lugng huo'ng giao liep phai xac dinh du'Oe mol loai eae dac

diem ma Ivudc da khong Ihe thn thay dugc Irong cac chuAn IruvcMi
Ihong. CYic dac diem do phai phan anh dugc vice su dung ngon iigiT
dua Ir^n co sa iuang lac, nhAm thue hiCn eae mue lieu giao liep eu
the cua nguc'ri noi hoac ngU(i\ viel doi voi cac Ihinh gia hoac doc
gia da dugc xac dinh. Churfn danh gia da dugc thay doi nhicu, din
biCl la Vf'ri vice danh gia cac ky nang noi va viel.
C{ic tieu chi danh gia truyen thong thuong lap Irung nhieu
vao nanjz lire ngu phap, do chfnh xac vc ngu piiap, vice su dung lu
vung Ihieh hgp, hoae huih liiai diing eua cAu hoi, v.v. UOn eaiih e;)(
lieu eln Ircn, danh gia Iheo duong huong giao liep eon danh gi;i
kha nang liep ling, doi dap voi Ihong lin Ihu nhan duoc, linh phu
hgp cua ngon ngu va hicu qua giao liep cua ngon ban lao ra boi
ngioi hgc. Noi mgl each khae, cac lieu chi v& lir phap va cu phiip
crin dugc kel hgp voi eae lieu chf xac dinh duoc eae khia canh eua
vice sir dung ngon ngu giao liep. Vi kien thue vc ngu dfch duoc
13


ine incniqua su nicu uici vc uciuii puai ajii, cac qui uie ngu pnap va
i

each su dung t^ ngu da dugc hgc . Cac kien Ihuc v^ ngu dfch diroc
sir dung de hinh Ihanh cac kT nang kT xao ngon ngfr. Mat khae , su
hifi'u bi6'l v^ van hoa se dat n^n tang cho viec hhih thanh va hoan
thien nang lire giao liep. Nho co kicm tra danh gia dua tren cac
thang chuan Ihong nha't ngirofi day co the biel dugc nang lire ngon
ngu, kT nang giao liep va sir hieu biet v^ van hoa ciia ngirc/i hgc
ngu dich. Neu khong c6 mot chudn danh gia IhATig nliA't dr viCe
xac djnh ngi dung chuA'n cho mot qua trinh dao tao va vice kiem
tra danh gia dung nang lire ngOn ngiJ ciia ngudi hgc irong va sau

khi kel Ihiic qua Irinh dao tao se la mgl viec hel sue kho khan va
Ihicu tfnh chfnh xac .
1.1.2.3. Muc (ien dao tao
Chuong trinh giao due dai hgc nganh Tieng Anh U'u6c hel
phai nhAm dal dugc cac muc lieu da dugc quy djnh lai dieu 35
Lnat Giao due. cu the la dao tao cu nhAn nganh Tieng Anh (Ihco
cac djnh hirc^ng nghe nghiep su pham, phifin djch hoAc nghien
ciiu), CO pham chat chfnh trj va dao due ngh6 nghiep, c6 sue khoc
lot, CO khci nang giai quyel lot cac cong viec Ihugc nganh nghO
chuyen.mon, dap ung dugc nhiing yeu cAu ciia xa hoi vA eua neu
kinh le trong qua irinh hoi nhap quoc le.
Mtic fieii cu the
Chuong trinh giao due dai hoc nganh Ticiig Anh eung cAp eho
nguoi hgc nhung kien Ihitc tuong doi sAu va rgng ve ngon ngu,
v;in hoa - van hgc Anh; ren luyen va phai Irien eae kv nang giao
liep bAng tieng Anh o muc do thanh Ihao; cho phep nguoi hgc dal

14


dugc trinh do nghiep vu vung vang (nhu giang day ngoai ngu nay
6 eae bac hgc, lam cong tac bien - phien dich trong cac ITnh vue
kinh le - van hoa - xa hoi, hude drfu hinh thanh nAng lire nghifMi
ciiu khda hgc v6 ngon ngu, van hgc hoac van boa-van minh cua
nuoc Anh va ciia Cong dong Anh ngu, cung nhu eo kha nang hanh
nghe Irong mgl so boat dgng djch vu khae nhu burtng dAn du Ijch,
bao tang...).
1.1.2.4. Nhu cau xa hoi va quoc te
0 Viet Nam trong ihiii ki mo eua da co rA't nhi^u cac c6ng ly nude
ngoAi dAu tu vao Viet Nam . Chfnh vi vAy nhu cAu hgc tieng Anh

Iro ncn rat cap Ihiel eho nhu cAu Ilm vice lam, du hgc ,du lich va
thu'ong mai. Nhu cfiu nay da gAy ncn mgl sue ep rA't Irfn doi voi
nhu can dao tao giao vien Irong cac trU(7ng chuyen ngu va ngoai xa
hoi. Mijt khae Viet Nam da Iro thanh mot Ihanh vien chfnh thiie
cua khoi ASEAN nen da eo su thong nhal trong vice hgc va su
dung ticng Anh la phuong lien giao liep quoc le cpian Irgng nhAi
trong khu vuc. Trong boi canh nhu vay, vice nAng cao trinh do sir
dung tieng Anh a cac nuoc thanh vien, nhal la o Viet nam, ro rang
la vAii dc cAp Ihiel.
Ti lull do liciig Anh eua la dang (V niiie nao so vol eae nude ASRAN
khae? (Tiu hoi do lliat khong de tra loi. Hien lai, chilng la chua en
cong Innh nao, chua eo mgl Ihuoe dn chung nao dc so sanh Irinh
do lieng Anh giua eae nuoc Irong Khu vue. Nhung ncu xel iren ca
s(') Ihoi gian, Ihi Viel nam (nhai la eae linh phfa bAe) ehii irong ifVi
phai trie'n lieng Anh mugn hern cac nuoc khae: ehi sau khi ''ma
emr^ va Viel nam mong nnion lam ban v(U lai CM cAf uuov ofMi ihr
15


gi6i. Chung ta kh6ng tu ti, nhung qua nhirng dip tiep xuc a cac lin
vuc khae nhau, tie'ng Anh cua chung ta noi chung co le con nhie
han che so vdrj cac ban lang gi^ng trong ASEAN.
N!iu vfily dd co ca so cho vice xAy dung chuA'n chung la khon
nhung phai dua vao nhiJng dac diim cu thd cua Viet Nam di c<
dirge mot he thong lieu chi danh gia toi uu phai dap irng dugc ye
cfiu cua ca hai muc tieu trudc mat va lAu dai. Mat khae phai thar
khao cac he thong chu^n da co tren the' g\6i hoac trong khu virc
He thO'rtg chu^n nky c5n dua Irfin co sd boi canh phat triln ciia d^
nude hien tai va tuong lai de co dap iJng dugc nhu c^u hgc ngoa
ngu trong nude, nhung vAn dam bao dugc sir cAn bAng hai hoa giu;

churfn ngi dja va chuiin quoc te' , tranh cac phuong an cue doa?
hoac qhi dung chuiin nOi dja va bai ngoai hoac rAp khuon cunj
nhAc churfn quoc te vao hoan canh Viet nam. C) Viet nam hien na^
viec xay dung mgl he thong chu^n danh gia la rat quan Irgng. IK
thong chudn giup cho viec cung cAp thong tin ve hieu qua qua trinF
dao tao, do lu5ng ket qua hgc tAp cua hgc sinh mgl each chfnl
xac, nhA't qudn, dang tin cAy vA 6n djnh trong khoang thdi giai
nhal djnh. He thong chu^n do vira la ca so cho viec xAy diriig nOi
dung chuong trinh vira la dfch c^n vuon td\ ciia ngircri hgc va don^
Ihdi la cong cu cua ngirdi quan ly dao lao Iheo doi lien do va tier
bg ciui qua trinh dao tao. Cu the:
-f He thong chuAn se la co so cho viec xAy dung chuong trinh don^
Ihdi la cot loi ma cpia trinh day va hgc doi chieu
+He Ihdng chuA'n se la co so cho viec bien soan, ehgn giao trinh
hgc lAp


+Ilc thong lieu chiifln

la muc neu virctn dcn cua ngmn noc vn

ngu(ti day
+He thong chu^n se la thu6c do ket qua cuoi cung cua qua trinh
dao tao.
1.1.2.5. Mot so chuan danh gia quoc te
Tren the g\6\ co nhiSu he thong chu^n danh gia nang luc ngoai
i

ngfr ciia cac to chi'rc khae nhau cho cac thir Ifeng khae nhau. Cac he
thong CO uy tin va ph6 bie'n la Cambridge, ALTE (Hiep hOi Cac

nha Kicm tra Ngon ngfr Au ChSu - Association of Language
Testers in Europe), lELTS, TOEFL, v.v. Cac he thong chu^n do
duijfc xAy dung dua tren muc dfch chfnh trong sir dung ngoai ngfr
ci'ia ngircri hoc: sir dung ngoai ngfr cho muc dfch hoc thuflt hay cho
muc dfch cong viec. 0 My, trong nhung nAm qua, cung vdi cong
vice x'di djnh lai churfn cho loan bg cac mon hgc d truong plio
Ihdng ciia Bg Giao Due My, bg mon ngoai ngu cung cd mot bo
chuAn dugc xAy dung bet siic cong phu va ti mi. Dua vao linh pho
bien va uy Ifn ciia cac he Ihdng chu^Ln, chiing loi lira ehgn phAn
tfch cac bg chuan Cambridge, lELTS, TOEFL va each thue lien
hanh xAy dung chucin cho bg mon ngoai ngu ciia Bg Giao due My
de lam eO sd cho de lai.
A. He thong chuan cho mon ngoai ngu' rr infrfng pho thong Mv
(Stafidards for Foreign Lafiguage Learning in the 21 st Centurv)
Nam 1993, mon ngoai ngu la mon hgc thii' bay va eung la
mon hgc cuoi citing nliAn dirge kinh phf de xay dung he ihdng
chuAin quoc gia d My. Mgl id cong lac dugc Ihanh lap bao gdm dai
dicn ciia cac ngoai ngu khae nhau, day cac Irlnh do khae nhau va
17
D A I H O C Q U C C GIA HA N O '
Tf?UNG TAM THCNG TIN THU VIEN

Dr/34-5>


iCr c^c viing mi6n khdc nhau dd xac dinh bO chuffn nOi dung
(content standards) cho cac mon ngoai ngu: Hgc sinh can phai biel
gi va CO kha nang lam dugc gl cho bg mon ngoai ngu d Idp bdn,
Idp tarn vA Idp mirdi hai. Cac chu^n nay dugc xac djnh dUM tren
mot sd iHel ly v6 giao due ngoai ngO, trong dd tricl ly sd I la bici

thanh thao hon mot ngon ngu se giup cho ngudi ta:
• giao tie'p vdi nhCrng ngudi khae trong cac nCn vAn hoa khae
trong cac hoan canh hel svtc phong phu,
• nhln ra xa hon dudng bien gidi ciia nude minh,
• cd dugc sir hi^u biel sAu sAc ban v6 ngdn ngu* vA vAn hoa ciia
chfnh nude mhih,
• cu xu vdi mgl y thitc Idn hon ve ban IhAn, v^ cac n^n van hoa
khae va ve mdi quan he ciia chfnh mhih vdi eae nen vAn hoa
dd,
• tiep cAn dugc true tiep vdi nhung bg phAn kien thue khae, va
• cd the tham gia dugc dSy dii hon vao cong dong va ihj trudng
the gidi.
Cac thanh vien trong id cong tac bAt dau cong viec xAy dung
chuAn bAng viec khao sat xem giao due ngoai ngu se phai chu^n bj
cho hgc sinh lAm dugc nhung gi: hg xac djnh cac muc dfch Idn va
chung nhA't ciia nganh hgc. Trong mdi ITnh vuc hg lai xae dii;li eae
ky nanj.^ va kien Ihuc co ban ma hoc sinh phai tiep thu dirac khi ho
liv ghe nha trudng cuoi nam 16p 12. Chfnh nhung kien thue va ky
nang do cau thanh cac chuan.
Nam 1986, Hoi dong giang day ngoai ngfr My da dira ra cac
Huong dfm ve Trinh do (ngoai ngCr) (Proficiency Guidelines). Cac
18


nuong uan ua cung cap nigi iiiuue uu L-nuiig uwi vui «^ac lufui uyu^
nghc, ndi, dgc vA vie't bAng ngoai ngiJciia hgc sinh, lirdd phai Irien
the loai ki^m Ira danh gia mdi: ki^m tra danh gia dua vao boat
dgng (performance-based assessments). Cac chuAn ndi dung dugc
xAy dung nAm 1993 cfing phan anh quan diem nay, luy nhien thay
VI coi IKH, nghc, dgc va viel la cac ky nang rieng biet de danh gia.

giao liep dugc nhln nhAn dirdi mot gdc do khai qual va long hop
hon. I loai dgng giao liep dugc id eluTc Irong mgl khuon mfui Irong
ba kieu khae nhau: giao tie'p lien nhAn (interpersonal), dien djch
(interpretive) va trinh dien (presentational). Cac cAn cir de xAy
dung bg chuflln la chuong tiinh hgc, diem xuAl phat cua ngudi hgc,
dudng hudng day hgc va quan niem ve dac diem ciia viec hgc
ngoai ngu*. Nhung nha xAy dung chu^n lin ludng rAng, khae vdi cac
mon hgc khae, ngoai ngu khong the dugc thu dAc khi hgc sinli hgc
mgl lAp hgp cac 'du lieu' theo mgl tiAl tu nhal djnh ve ngdn ngfr
(pgu phap, tij vung, v.v.). Mgl each ly ludng, ngudi hgc cAn phai
dugc sir dung ngdn ngu dfch vao muc dfch giao tiep Ihue sir, eo
nghla la hg phai dugc ihuc hien mot qua irhih phiic hgp cac tuong
tac bao gdm ndi va hieu dugc dieu ngudi khae ndi bAng ngdn ngu
dfch, efing nhu dgc vA hie'u dugc eae tAi lieu bAng ngdn ngu viel.
Cac chuan dugc vict ra eho tliA'y quan niem rAng khong the chia
nho eae muc dfch hgc ngoai ngu thanh mgl lap hgp,cac bude Iheo
mgl trinh tu nhAl djnh va ngudi hgc khong phai xu irf vdi eae mAii
ngdn ngu. Giao liep ihue sir cd the dugc iihuiig ngudi hoe d bae
Ihap eung nhu nhung ngudi hoe d bac cao thue hien. Chfnh vi vay.
mgl bg ehuAn dugc xAy dung xae dinh ngiKri hoe phai dal diK^e
19


n n u n g gi sau qua irnin nuc, va eu iiiui lap iiup ^n^^ ^m .>u u^n u*^

(progress indicators) d^ do su khae biet v^ mat kha nang va tri tue
cung nhu do chin chAn va su quan tAm cua ngudi hgc sau mOt giai
doan hgc lAp.
Muc dich hgc ngoai ngu* ciia cac ca nhAn hel sire khae nhau,
nhirng 16 cdng lac xAy dung chuA'n nhAn IhAy cd 5 ITnh vuc muc

dfch bao triim len tAl ca cac muc dich khae nhau la Giao tie'p, Van
hda. Lien he, So sanh va Cong dong - Communication, Culture,
Connections, Comparisons and Communities - dugc ggi la 5 C
trong giao due ngoai ngu.
Vdi cac quan niem ve vai Iro cua ngoai ngu va ve mdi quan he
gifra ngdn ngiJ va van hoa, he Ihdng chuan dugc id chirc Ihanh 5
khu vuc muc dich (goal areas): giao liep, vAn hoa, lien he, so sanh
va cong dong, cac khu vuc nay khong diing doe lAp ma cd lien he
qua lai vdi nhau. Sau dd mdi khu vuc muc dfch lai bao gdm hai
hoac ba chuan ngi dung. Cac chuan nay md la kien Ihue va kha
nang mfi mgi hgc sinh phai liep Ihii dirge sau khi hoan Ihanh
chuong Irinh pho thong. Dudi mdi chuan lai cd cac mAu chi sd lien
bg (sample progress indicators) cho tirng giai doan Idp 4, Idp 8 va
Idp 12 de xac djnh xcin sau tirng giai doan hgc sinh da lien den gfin
chuclii nhu the nao.
Trong nAm ITnh vuc muc dfch cua hgc ngoai,ngu, ITnh vue
giao tiep la quan Irgng lioh ca. Cac chuAn ciia ITnh vue nay lap
Irung vao ba kicu giao tiep (da ndi d tren).

20


Chuan giao tiep I: Hgc sinh tham gia vao cac cude hdi thoai, cung
cA'p va thu thAp thong lin, diln dat dugc cam xuc va trao ddi y kieii.
Mdu chi so tien bg cho hoc sinh l&p bdn:
• Hgc sinh dua ra dugc va thiJc hien cac chi dAn de cd the
tham gia vao cac boat dgng vAn hoa va Idp hgc phu hgp vdi
liJ'a ludi.
• Hgc sinh hdi vA tra Idi nhfrng cAu hdi ve eae chii d^ nhu gia
dinh, cac sir kien d trudng hgc, va cac le ki niem true liep

hdae thong qua thu lir email ...
• Hoc sinh chia se duoc nhung sd thfch vdi nhau va vdi ca Idp.
I*

• Hgc sinh trao ddi nhung md ta ve ngudi va cac vat pham hfru
hinh cua vAn boa nhu d6 choi, qucin ao, loai nhA cua, va thiic
an vdi nhau va vdi cac thanh vien khae trong Idp hgc.
• Hgc sinh trao ddi nhung Ihdng lin co ban nhu la chao hdi khi
gap mat va khi chia lay va cac {uang lac Irong Idp hgc Ihdng
Ihudng sir dung dugc cac cii* chi phii hgp ve mat van hoa va
cac each dien dat ndi.
Mdu chi so lien bo cho hoc sinh lap tdni:
• Hoc sinh dua ra dirac cac chi dAn va thirc hien de tham gia
Vao cac hoat dong van hoa phu hop voi h'ra tuoi va tim hieu
c'hirc nang cua cac vat pham trong van hoa niffVc ngoai. Ho
hoi va dap cac cau hoi de nhan dirge sir giai thfch.
• Hoc sinh trao ddi c;ic thong tin vg cac sir kien ca nhan. c;ic
kinh nghiem, cac ki niem dang nho vi\ cac mon hoc trong
nha truong voi ban cung lop hoac cac thanh vien ciia nfin van
lioa dfch.
21


• Hdc sinh so sanh sir tuong phan vA bay to quan diem vA so
thfch ddi vdi cac thong tin thu thAp dugc ve cac sir kien, kinh
nghiem vA cac mdn hgc trong nhA trudng.
• Hgc sinh biet each nhAn dugc hAng hoa, cac djch vu Ihdng
qua ndi hoac viel.
• Hgc sinh xAy dung va de xuA't cac giai phap cho cac vA'n d6
lien quan deTi trudng hgc hoac cong dong thong qua Ihao

lU'An nhdm.
Cac chi so tien bo cho lop muoi hai:
• H(|)C sinh bAn luAn thdng qua hinh thue ndi va vie't ve cac su
ki^n d qua khii hoac hien tai cd y nghTa trong nen van hoa
dfch, hoac nhung sir kien dugc hgc d cac mdn hgc khae.
• Hgc sinh xAy dung vA d6 xuA't cac giai phap cho nhung vAii
QM mA hg quan lAm thdng qua thao luAn nhdm.
• Hgc sinh chia se vdi nhau hoac vdi cac thanh vien trong nen
van hoa dfch cac bai phAn tich va cam tuong ddi vdi cac bai
van bAng ngdn ngir viel.
• Hgc sinh trao doi bao ve va thao luan cac y kien va quan
diem ca nhAn vdi ban be cijng Idp hoac nhirng ngudi sir dung
ngdn ngu dfch ve cac chu de cd lien quan den cac vA'n de
duong dai va Ijch sir.
Chuan giao tiep 2: hgc sinh hieu va dien giai dugc ngdn ngu* ndi
va viet ve cac chii de khae nhau.

22


L.ac man cm so nen up cno noc sum top uon:
• Hgc sinh hidu dugc cac y chfnh ciia cac cAu chuyen nhu giai
thoai ca nhAn, cac truyen co lich quen Ihugc, vA cac Au
truyen v^ cac chu de quen thugc khae.
• H,gc sinh xac djnh dugc con ngudi vA vAl thd Irong niAi
trlirdng ciia hg hoac ciia cac chii the ciia cac mdi trudng khae
dua tren cac mieu ta viel hoac ndi.
• Hgc sinh hieu dugc cac ihdng diep viel ngAn, cac ghi chep
van lAl ve cac chii de quen thugc nhu gia dhih, cac sir kien
trong nhA trudng ....

• Hgc sinh hieu dugc y va chu de chinh va nhan ra dirge cac
nhAn vAl chfnh trong cac cAu truyen hoac van hgc Ihie'u nhi.
» Hgc sinh hieu dugc cac Ihdng diep chfnh trong cac phuong
lifcn thdng lin khae nhau nhu cac bai vie't cd minh hoa, vA
tranh anh quang cao.
• Hgc sinh hieu dugc cac cir ehi ngu' dieu va cac ggi y khae
Ihong (|ua nghc hoac nhhi.
Mdu chi so tien bg cho hgc sinh lop torn:
• Hgc sinh hieu eae thong tin va cac thong diep lien quan deii
cac mdn hgc khae.
• Hgc sinh hieu dugc cac Ihdng bao vA cac Ihdng diep cd lien
quan den cac boat dgng hang ngay trong ncn vAn hoa dfch.
• llgc sinh hieu dugc cac chu de chinh va cac chi tiei quan
Irgng ve cac chu de lu cac mdn hgc khae va eae vAl phA'm
\'an hoa dugc irung bay Iren Ti vi, radio, video hoae eae
innh thue Irinh bay Irue tiep.
23


• ;Hgc sinh xac dinh dugc cac nnan vat cninn va nieu ciuge
cac y chinh ciia cac bai vAn ehgn Igc.
• Hoc sinh su dung dugc cac kien thirc tiep thu dugc trong
,nhiJng hoan canh va lis cac mdn hgc khae de hie'u cac Ihdng
diep ndi vA vie't bAng ngdn ngif vie't.

Cac mdu chi so tien bg cho lop mudi hai:
• Hgc sinh chiing to dugc hg hi^u cac y chfnh vA cac chi tiei
quan Irgng trong cac cude thao luAn vA cac bai giang true
tiep hoac dugc ghi Am lai, va cac bai thuyet trinh ve cac sir
kien d hien lai va trong qua khu dugc hgc d cac Idp hgc

khae.
I

• Hgc sinh chirng to hg hi^u dugc cac IhAnh id chii ye'u trong
cac bAi bao, tap chf vA email vd cac chii dd quan Irgng ddi
vdi cac thanh vien trong nen vAn hoa dfch
• Hgc sinh phAn lich dugc cot truyen, cac nhAn vAt, sir md la,
vai trd, y ngliTa cac nhAn vat trong cac van ban vAn hoe
! gdc.
• • Hgc sinh chung to dugc viec hieu bieT ngay cang lAng cac
: yen id vAii hoa trong ngdn ngu ndi va viel ciia ngudi sudung ngdn ngff dfch trong cac boi canh Irang Irgng cung
nhu IhAn mAl.
• Hgc sinh bieu Id due sir hidu bie'l ngAy cAng tAng ddi vdi
cac ye'u id van hda trong cac vAt pham vAn hoa bieu hien
bao gdm nhung luyen ehgn cac Ihe loai van hgc khae
nhau...
24