Cặp thoại chứa hành động thông báo hồi đáp trong giao tiếp của người nghệ tĩnh tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION &TRAINING
VINH UNIVERSITY

TRAN THI LY NA

DIALOGUE PAIRS CONTAINING THE ACTION
OF NOTIFICATION - RESPONSE IN NGHE TINH
COMMUNICATION

Major: Vietnamese Language
Code: 92 22 01 02

DOCTORAL THESIS ON LITERATURE

NGHE AN - 2020


The work was completed at Vinh University

Instructors: 1. Prof. Dr. Do Thi Kim Lien
2. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hoang Trong Canh

Reviewer 1. .......................................................
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Reviewer 2. .......................................................
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Reviewer 3. .......................................................
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The dissertation is defended in front of the thesis-grading council.
Meeting at: Vinh University
At ..... hour day ..... month ..... 2020.

The thesis can be found at:
- National Library
- Documentation Center - Library Nguyen Thuc Hao, Vinh University


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INTRODUCTION
1. The reason for choosing a topic
We choose to research the topic “Dialogue pairs containing the action of
notification - response in Nghe Tinh communication” for the following reasons:
1.1. Dialogues are the most important structural units in the overall system of
conversation structure, capable of fully and focusing on the basic characteristics of
interactive relationships. Therefore, selecting the research object is the act of
notification and response in the interaction in reciprocal dialogues is a scientific
research direction. And the things drawn from that would be more convincing than
examining each single action in the sequence of words.
1.2. Notice-response action dialogue is one of the most popular speech action
dialogues in the world and in Vietnamese. However, depending on the context of
communication, the role of communication, the content of communication, the purpose
of communication as well as the behavioral culture, the dialog contains the messageresponse action, there are many different ways, with very rich expressions. Therefore,
the study of the nature of notice-response action; means of expressing them; semantics
and effective determinants of notification - response action ... are closely related and
necessary issues. However, up to now, there has not been any research work on the
above issues about notification - response systematic and comprehensive.
1.3. Daily, people need communicate with each other in the North, Central and
South, not everyone uses Vietnamese as a common cultural language, but there is a

phenomenon that people in each region speak. the language of the region's local color.
It is also a notice-response action, but people in the Nghe Tinh dialect region have a
way of doing not quite the same as those in the southern dialect areas of the North.
Therefore, through the actualization of the notification - response action of Nghe Tinh
people (manner of expression, means of expression, semantics), we will realize the
specific cultural characteristics of Nghe Tinh.
1.4. In Vietnamese painting, Nghe Tinh dialect has its own position, its own color
cannot be confused. Therefore, in order to research the dialogue of messages containing
the notification - response action in the communication of Nghe Tinh people, we are not
only aiming to clarify the structure; semantics and agents that determine the
effectiveness of the notification-response action on the pragmatic level, but also shed
light on the cultural features of human communication in this land.
2. Research purposes and missions
2.1. Research purpose
- Clarifying some characteristics of the dialogue of notices responding to the
communication of Nghe Tinh people in terms of structure and semantics.
- At the same time, aiming to point out some cultural characteristics of Nghe
Tinh's behavior when realizing this dialogue. From there, orient the use of
notification-response action in a theoretical and practical manner.
2.2. Research mission
To achieve the above research purpose, the thesis performs the following tasks:
- Review the history of the problem, systematize the theoretical issues related to


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the topic, these are the theoretical issues as a suitable basis for in-depth analysis of
main chapters 2, 3, 4.
- Analyze and describe to show the structure and semantics of the dialogue of
messages containing the notification-response action in Nghe Tinh's communication.
- Draw cultural and linguistic characteristics of Nghe Tinh people through a

dialogue of dialogs containing the notification-response action in Nghe Tinh’s
communication.
3. Research subjects
The research object of the thesis is a dialogue containing notification - response
actions in Nghe Tinh communication that we have statistics.
4. Scope of research and linguistic resources
4.1. Research scope
- Notification action can be taken directly or indirectly. According to our
survey, the notification action in Nghe Tinh's communication is mainly done directly,
with few indirect forms. Therefore, the thesis only focuses on considering direct
notification action, which means there are obvious signs.
- The connotation of the message concept is extremely broad, possibly due to
many vi verbs. The most common verbs used to make informed actions are notice,
press release, information, newspaper ... But in this thesis, notification action is
considered by us. as a neutral act to help the speaker achieve the intent, the intention
to provide information to the listener and the notification action by the verb "notice"
to name. Incidents caused by the verb "notice" signify events that have not yet
occurred but are likely to occur soon.
The thesis only considers the dialogue of messages containing the notification response action in Nghe Tinh's communication in terms of structure and semantics.
From there, we aim to point out some cultural and linguistic characteristics of Nghe Tinh
people when realizing this dialogue. The problem of comparing and comparing the
research results of the dialogue of messages containing the notification-response action
in Nghe Tinh's communication with this dialogue when done in other regions needs to
be done by another project. larger scale.
4.2. Literature source
- The thesis uses 1210 voice dialogues corresponding to 2420 speech lines
containing notification - response actions. The location that we conducted the survey and
data collection was in the areas of Nghe An and Ha Tinh. However, we only conducted
material surveys in three regions: city, rural and coastal areas. Specifically, in Nghe An,
we surveyed eight districts: Hung Nguyen, Nam Dan, Thanh Chuong, Nghi Loc, Cua Lo,

Dien Chau, Quynh Luu and Vinh City; In Ha Tinh, we surveyed eight districts: Nghi
Xuan, Hong Linh, Duc Tho, Can Loc, Loc Ha, Thach Ha, Cam Xuyen and Ha Tinh City.
- How to collect materials: By recording and recording directly during the
implementation of the project, we collected 1210 dialogues of dialogues corresponding to
2420 lines containing notification - response actions. Then all the dialogs are converted
into Word documents. In each chapter of the thesis, depending on each specific case, we
choose the suitable materials for related issues.


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5. Research methods and tactic
5.1. Research method
a. Fieldwork method
We conducted data collection in two ways: recording and recording direct
conversations in the daily life of the researched subjects being Nghe Tinh people;
distinguish subjects according to the following criteria: a) Gender: male - female; b)
Relationship: family, friends, colleagues, neighbors, buyer, seller ...; c) Age: from 17,
18 years and older; d) Spoken situation: natural conversations that take place within
the family and in society; d) Spoken content: are things that happen in life such as
affection for family, friends, work ...
b. Method of description
This method is used to describe the statistical data, then analyze the structure,
manner and interaction of the dialogues with notification - response actions of Nghe
Tinh people, and the total to consolidate the research process from which to draw
conclusions of practical value in accordance with the research purpose of the thesis
c. Discourse analysis method
In this method, we associate specific dialogues with related factors such as space,
time, communication characters in different situations and contexts, thereby identifying
the right semantic content. which role of communication towards, thereby drawing out
the role of the action of notice - response in the position.

5.2. Research tactics
a. The tactics of statistics and classification
This method is used to statistic the structure and semantics of the message response dialogue, then classify them into small groups for specific research purposes.
b. Modeling tactics
We use this tactic to specify the constructive models of the dialog containing the
message-response action in Nghe Tinh communication.
6. Contribution of the thesis
- Different from other authors who only research on the act of notification used
independently, by a communication role - a role - a role, and with our topic, we can
consider this is the first project to go. In-depth study dialogue of dialogue containing the
act of giving notice - responses are used by two roles (both roles and roles) associated with
the context, placed in the interaction relationship of Nghe Tinh people on fieldwork data.
7. The structure of the thesis
In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, Appendix and References, the thesis
content is implemented in 4 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of research situation and theoretical basis of the topic
Chapter 2: Structure of dialogues containing notification - response actions in
Nghe Tinh communication
Chapter 3: The semantic dialogue containing the action of notification response in Nghe Tinh communication
Chapter 4: Some characteristics of linguistic culture of Nghe Tinh people
through notification - response dialogues


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Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION AND THEORETICAL
BASIS OF THE TOPIC
1.1. Overview of the research situation on linguistic action
1.1.1. Research situation abroad
Reviewing the history of linguistic action research, we can see that the issue of

linguistic action as one of the pillars of modern pragmatics has been of interest to
researchers around the world. 50 years and affirming a new language approach in
communication.
1.1.2. Research situation in Vietnam
In Vietnam, since the early 1990s, pragmatics, including linguistic action, has
also attracted the attention of many researchers, focusing on two main directions:
theoretical research. and apply linguistic action theory to the study of specific
linguistic actions in Vietnamese.
1.2. Theoretical basis of the topic
1.2.1. Theory of the conversation
1.2.1.1. The concept of conversation
Conversation is one of the verbal activities between two or more direct
characters, in each context, between them having interaction back and forth about
linguistic or cognitive behavior to arrive at a certain destination.
1.2.1.2. Conversation structure
a. Conversation (conversation, interaction)
Conversation is the most comprehensive unit of conversation, including several
exchanging dialogues that make up, with the agreement on the topic of speech, form
of expression and context.
b. Sequence
A sequence is a segment of a conversation that is linked together by a topic or
several dialogues of topics to complete the parts so that the other speech can make the
conversation successful.
c. Exchange
Exchange are the smallest biphasic units. Typically, a dialogue of dialogs consists
of a referral with an introduction function and a dialog with a response function.
d. Participants
Participants is the unit that directly constitutes the voice dialogue. It is a mono
unit. Dialog can be identical, bigger, or smaller than words.
1.2.2. Theory of linguistic action

1.2.2.1. Concept of linguistic action
Linguistic action is a special kind of human action, unique to humans.
Linguistic actions are intricately linked with human speech, which are social.
1.2.2.2. Conditions for performing language actions
We rely on the four conditions of Searle as a basis for understanding the
dialogue of messages containing the notification - response action in the communication of
Nghe Tinh people


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1.2.2.3. Language action classification
J.R. Searle is the person who completes the way words are classified. The
author categorized the verbal acts into 5 large groups. In which the notification action
belongs to the group recurs
1.2.2.4. Direct and indirect linguistic action
The direct linguistic action is one that is carried out exactly with the purpose of
the word, there is a correspondence between the surface structure and the effect it exerts.
The indirect language act is the act in which the speaker performs an action at
this word but aims to make the listener based on their understanding of the common
language for the two of them, deducing the validity of the word of the other action.
1.2.2.5. Predicate verb
Predicate verb is the verb that when using it, we simultaneously perform the
action that the verb calls its name.
1.2.2.6. Phonetic expressions and language generator
Phonetic expressions are speech patterns that characterize a behavior in words
and are grammatical and semantic signs of verbal actions.
Phonetic speech is a statement that when people say it, they also perform what
is shown in the speech.
1.2.3. Notice language action
1.2.3.1. Notification action concept

According to J.L.Austin, notification action is in the presentation group
(expositives); J.R.Searle (1977), put the notification action into a group of representatives;
and A.Wierzbica (1987), the act of "announcing" her to the information group (Inform).
The opinion of the author of the dissertation on notification action in Vietnamese is
as follows: A notification is an act in which in a certain context, Sp1 spokesperson
provides valid information, for Sp2 recipients about content of the situation.
According to the Vietnamese dictionary, the verb “notice” means I verb.
Inform everyone: notify officials in the agency. II nounce. Notice: school notice read notice written on message board [p.1524]. In the thesis, we use the meaning I.
1.2.3.2. Conditions of use
a. The propositional content condition: The propositional content condition is a
fact in question; can be judged against standard true - false logic.
b. Conditions of preparation: 1) Sp1 speaker's knowledge of the situation will
provide; effect on the listener Sp2; 2) The speaker is not sure that the listener knows
the content of the information if the speaker does not speak out.
c. Sincere conditions: Sp1 sincerely wants Sp2 to receive information; Sp2 is
willing to receive notification content.
d. Basic conditions: When giving notice content, speakers must be responsible
for what they say and how to say to lead Sp2 to believe in what Sp1 provides.
1.2.3.3. the department identifies the notification action - respond
- To identify the notification-response dialogues in general communication
including Nghe Tinh people, we can rely on:
- Based on the Sp1 speaker's use of the verb "notice" in the announcement
speech; Sp2 listeners have spoken responses in language.
- Based on effective means of verbal instructions - IFIDs: use introduction


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elements in the extension of notification dialog; use words indicating the location and
specific time of the incident in the notice; use adverbial affixes with propositional
content.

1.2.4. Overview of Nghe Tinh and dialect Nghe Tinh
1.2.4.1. Overview of Nghe Tinh
The characteristics of natural conditions, socio-economy, cultural history of Nghe
Tinh gave Nghe people special psychological and core characteristics and this is also
reflected in the usage of the language including the realization of the giving - response
dialogue.
1.2.4.2. Local language Nghe Tinh
a. Dialect concept
Dialect is the unique voice of a territory, a local area. The dialect is a variant of the
universal language, which has a difference from the universal language in terms of
phonetics, vocabulary - semantics, grammar, and style of administration.
b. Dialect Nghe Tinh
Particularly, the difference of Nghe Tinh dialect compared to other regions is
shown in all three aspects: phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar.
1.3. Conclusion of Chapter 1
Through the content presented above, we call out some summary results as
follows:
a. Reviewing the opinions of domestic and foreign authors about general
linguistic action including notification action, we find that the notification action in
Vietnamese has been mentioned but is still separate, not yet published. into an
interactive giving - respond dialogue, especially in Nghe Tinh dialect.
b. In order to understand the characteristics of the dialogue of messages containing
notification - response actions in Nghe Tinh communication, we present some problems of
communication theory; conversation theory; verbal action theory; Overview of Nghe Tinh
and Nghe Tinh dialect as an important theoretical premise for the thesis.
c. Some basic theoretical issues related to the act of giving and answering in
conversation are also presented: concepts of linguistic actions, types of linguistic
actions, classifications of verbal actions, conditions of using acts verbal verbs,
microscopic language pronunciation, phonetic expressions, vi verbs and verbal
instructions ...

d. Inheriting the views of some of the previous authors about communication,
communication factors, conversation units, interpersonal relationships in conversations, the
thesis aims to show the influence of interrelated relationships. individuals in
conversation, the dependence on communication factors such as communication
characters, communication content, communication situations, ways of communication ...
for the implementation and receipt of communication actions. newspaper.
đ. The thesis also refers to the basis for identifying dialogues of notification response actions in general communication and Nghe Tinh people as a basis for us to
analyze in depth, describe their structure and semantics in Chapter 2, Chapter 3.


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Chapter 2
STRUCTURE OF DIALOGUES CONTAINING MOTIFICATION RESPONSE ACTIONS IN NGHE TINH COMMUNICATION
2.1. The structure of the exchange and the participants
2.1.1. The structure of the exchange
The conversations that contain the language of notification and response
activities in Nghe Tinh's communication are diverse and structurally flexible.
However, because of the literature, we only went into the analysis of conversations
with two dialogues: the exchange dialog containing the notification action and the
response dialog containing the response actions for the notification actions.
2.1.2. The structure of the participants
Through the statistical structure of the message introduction and feedback
dialog in the communication of Nghe Tinh people, we find that there are two types of
message introduction: a) Dialogues only stand alone and b) Dialogue with notification
action and accompanying components. Responsive conversations also come in two
forms: a) 1 action and b) 2 or more actions.
2.2. Statistics and description of the structure of the message - response
dialog in the communication of Nghe Tinh people
2.2.1. The structure of the communicating dialog contains the notification action
2.2.2.1. Quantitative statistics

In the 1210 speech pairs collected, the dialogues containing the notification
action in Nghe Tinh's communication appeared in two forms: (1) The announcement
dialog with the action of an independent announcement appeared 325/1210 times,
accounting for 26.86%; (2) Announcement dialog with notification action and
accompanying components appeared 885/1210 times, accounting for 73.14%
2.2.2.2. Describe the notification action and accompanying components
a. Notification action
Micro-expression (BTNV) notice is expressed in two forms: primitive and
explicit. The description of the independent notice action is the description of the
constituents of the Micro-expression. BTNV explicit notice in full form including 4
elements: verb micro-notification (denoted Đg); the speaker - the notification subject
(denoted Sp1); listener - the object receiving the message content (denoted Sp2);
propositional content - notification content: certain information about people or things,
events, phenomena mentioned by Sp1 (denoted by P). Depending on the communication
situation, interpersonal relationships, elements Sp1 and Sp2 may be absent.
The full model of the BTNV explicit announcement is determined as follows:
± Sp1 + Đg ± Sp2 + P
(Note: + always appears; ± may or may not appear)
We found that the BTNV announced the whole level corresponding to the
propositional content element - the notice content of the BTNV explicitly announced.
Because of such duplication, when analyzing the structure of the BTNV explicitly
informed, we consider the description of the characteristics of the propositional content


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content - the message content, which is also the description of characteristics. of the
BTNV level notification.
b. Action description accompanied by notification action
b1) Quantitative statistics
In 885 dialogues have an auxiliary component accompanied by the directional

act of direction
There are 2 types of announcements: (1) The announcement dialog has an auxiliary
component (587/885 times, accounting for 66.33%) and (2) The conversation contains
many auxiliary components (298/885 times, accounting for 33,67%).
b2) The characteristics of sub-groups together with the notification action in the
communication of Nghe Tinh people
b2(1) The auxiliary component has an introduction function, which attracts the
attention and attention of the SP2 listener on the message content such as: call-toaction “nay/ ni, e, Hue nay/ ni, mi oi…”; the act of asking (Know / hear / or believe
(what)?); assessment action (News / news + A (happy / sad / hot / hot / urgent ...) +
here (hey, hey, okay ...)!”, or A!); control action (Attention, listen!! The whole class is
quiet! ...)
b2(2) The secondary component is a link phrase that has a role both in the
direction of the notification-driven action and the function of linking the notification
dialog with other references in the entire conversation. For example: first, first, end ...
b2(3) The auxiliary component has the function of commenting, supplementing,
and clarifying information in the notice content: additional information, notes about
the time and place that took place
incident, phenomenon, activity mentioned in the notice content; caption
information, clarifying the subject mentioned in the notice content.
b2(4) The secondary component is an accompanying affirmative action
confirming the authenticity of the message as: one hundred percent accurate,
absolutely accurate ...
b2(5) The auxiliary component is an accompanying explanatory action, stating
the reason, cause of the incident, and the phenomenon in question.
b2(6) An auxiliary component is an expressive act that accompanies expressing
emotions, attitudes, and assessments of things, events and phenomena mentioned in
the notice content. The common type of structure is: "A so go!"; "I don't know that!",
"Ah, terrible!" ... (A is often the word that expresses the mood such as: happy, like,
sad, bored, ...).
b2(7) The secondary component is an accompanying bridge action that directs

the action of the recipient of the notification content.
b2(8) The secondary component is an accompanying action with the function of
interpersonal expression, showing courtesy when giving notice such as: praise,
encouragement, thanks, congratulations or comfort, encouragement ...
b2(9) The auxiliary component has the function of ending the conversation such
as: okay, rứa ung nghe (so sir) ...
c. The link between the notification action and the auxiliary component comes
with the notification action in the communication of Nghe Tinh people
If the auxiliary components are dependent actions, those actions will naturally be


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linked directly and closely to each other and to the notification action. They perform the
role of explaining and presenting influential and relevant situations. If the auxiliary
components are extended components, these components are quite independent and
separate from each other. They are all linked to the notification action, but each
component presents a different information, depending on the notification action
independently and performs the function primarily interpersonal function.
2.2.2. The structure of the response dialog for the given conversation contains
the notification action
2.2.2.1. Quantitative statistics
For 1210 dialogs containing the notification action, there are 1210 corresponding
responders, of which: response with many actions appears 753 times, accounting for
62.23%; responding response action has appeared 457 times, accounting for 37.77%
2.2.2.2. Describes the structure of the response dialog in the interaction
relationship with the message reference
a. The structure of the response dialog has only one standalone action
They include 6 forms: 1 / Response to notification action is action of agreeing,
agreeing; 2 / Responses to notifications are polite actions to thank, congratulate ...; 3 / The
response to the notification action is expressive; 4 / The response to the notification action is

the act of commenting and evaluation; 5 / The response to the notification action is the act of
conviction; 6 / The response to the notification action is the demand action.
b. The structure of the response dialog consists of many actions
The response dialog has many actions come in two forms: the response dialog
has two actions and the response dialog has three actions. In it, people Nghe Tinh
mainly uses the response form 2 actions with 679/753 times, accounting for 90.17%;
3-action response form only appeared 74/753 times, accounting for 9.83%.
b1. Responses to notification dialogs with standalone notification action:
They often include the following forms: 1 / Responding using adverbs that
indicate agreement, agreement and act of thanks; 2 / Respond by using adverbs that
indicate agreement, agreement, and conviction; 3 / Respond with words that express
the attitude and affection of Sp2 about the message content of Sp1 and the
accompanying action that explains the reason for that attitude, affection; 4 / Respond
with words that indicate permission and accompanying actions to explain the reason
for that attitude.
b2. Response to notification dialog with notification actions and associated
components:
b2(1) The response dialog consists of two actions
Responsive dialogues include two actions of the following types: Responsive
dialogues for notification actions are actions of agreement, agreement and thanks act;
Responding to the notice action is an act of disclosure, conduct, and an act of
accompanying explanation; Responsive dialogues for notification actions are conduct
/ disclosure actions; disclosure involves a disclosure / conduct / control action.
b2(2) The type of response dialog consists of three actions
They include the following types of combinations: responses to notification


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actions including: consent action + thank act + promise action; Responsive dialog for
notification action is a combination of three actions: presentation + promise + thanks;

The response to the notification action is a combination of three actions: agree
+ explain + promise; Responsive dialogue for notification action is a combination
of three actions: expression + presentation + demand.
2.3. Conclusion of chapter 2
From the issues presented above, we call out some basic conclusions:
a. In-depth study of the structure of dialogues containing the message-response
action in Nghe Tinh's communication plays an important role in helping us see the
communication needs of Nghe Tinh people who are always interested in expressing
and exchanging. communicate with each other in a typical way of saying "Made in
Nghe An" (including the addition of elements or provinces), especially relatives and
acquaintances, closely related through interaction.
b. The purpose of the communication in Nghe Tinh's communication is usually
composed of two types: 1) only notification action, 2) communication action
Notice of action combined. The dialog form has only the message action whose
core is an explicit or primitive expression. The structure model of the fully explicitly
notified vi-expression expression includes 4 elements: the subject performing the Sp1
notification action, the vi verb verb, the object receiving the Sp2 notification action
and the propositional content; Depending on the context of communication that Sp1
and Sp2 (or both Sp1 and Sp2) may be awake. The type of dialog with notification
action and accompanying components we describe is an extension of the
announcement BTNV including a one-component notification message and a multiappended notification dialog. enclosed.
c. For 1210 dialogs containing the notification action, there are 1210
corresponding responses. The response dialog for the conversation containing the
notification action in Nghe Tinh's communication can be composed of one action or
many actions, in which, the response form many actions used by Nghệ Tĩnh people
than. They form interactive pairs: (1) the conversation contains an independent
notification action - the response dialog consists of an action; (2) hands-on
conversations that contain stand-alone message actions - conversations with actions;
(3) the conversation contains an accompanying notification action - the response
includes an action; (4) The conversation contains a notice of action with an auxiliary

component - the response dialog consists of many actions. In particular, the type of
response to many actions in response to the conversation containing the notification
action and accompanying components appears most in the communication of Nghe
Tinh people.


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Chapter 3
THE SEMANTIC DIALOGUE CONTAINING THE ACTION OF
NOTIFICATION - RESPONSE IN NGHE TINH COMUNICATION
3.1. Semantic concept in language
3.1.1. Opinions of previous authors
So far, the study of semantics in languages has been interested by many domestic
and foreign authors, focusing on 4 main directions: semantic research in the traditional
direction; semantic research in the direction of psychology; study semantics in
pragmatic direction; study semantics towards cognition.
3.1.2. Distinguish meanings, semantics
Meaning that abstraction exists at every level of language. Content Meaning is
that the content of the word is expressed through the physical shell of the word.
Semantics is the whole content of the language that the speaker targets the listener,
attached to the functional layer.
3.2. Factors that govern the semantics of the voice pair contain the
message-response action in Nghe Tinh's communication
3.2.1. Interpersonal relationship
Each dialogue contains the language of the message - the response performed
shows the interpersonal relationship between the speaker and the receiver. Through
dialogue, we recognize the gender characteristics, social status, age, hierarchy of
conversational characters.
3.2.2. The positive or negative psychological state of the announcer and the
notice recipient

Psychological status, different emotions, the response is also different. Pine
usually if the message is positive the response is positive; If the message is
negative, the response is negative.
3.2.3. Context
Context helps us understand the content of the communication, helps us identify a
pair of messages containing notification - response actions in a specific and accurate way
3.3. Statistical, descriptive description of the voice pair contains the action
of the message - response in the communication of Nghe Tinh people
3.3.1. Quantitative statistics of semantic subgroups of the message
presentation and response dialog
3.3.1.1. Quantitative statistics of semantic subgroups of given conversations
According to the subjective criteria of the information content, the semantics of
the notification action in Nghe Tinh's communication is divided into three groups: 1 /
Information group relating to both Sp1 and Sp2 with 561 voice pairs, accounting for
46.36%; 2 / Information group related to Sp2 with 437 voice pairs, accounting for 36.12%
and 3 / Information group belonging to Sp1 has 212 voice pairs, accounting for 17.52%.
According to the criteria of the nature of the information, the semantics of the
notification action in Nghe Tinh's communication is divided into two groups: 1 / The
positive information appears 495 times, accounting for 40,915; 2 / The negative
information appeared more than 715 times, accounting for 59.09%.


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According to the theme criteria, the semantics of the notification action in the
communication of Nghe Tinh people is divided into two groups: 1 / The public
administrative information appeared 552, accounting for 45.62% and 2 / Information
about daily life more than 658, accounting for 54.38%.
3.3.1.2. Quantitative statistics of semantic subgroups of response dialogue
There are 4 groups of responding semantics for announcements in
conversations of Nghe Tinh people: 1 / The response form expresses emotional

feelings, the most used behavior of Sp2 with 534/1210, accounting for 44.13%; 2 /
Feedback form shows the attitude of agreement and agreement with 470/1210 times,
accounting for 38.78%; 3 / Feedback form shows negative attitude, disagree with
114/1210 times, accounting for 9.49%; 4 / Feedback form shows the attitude of
distrust, not believing in the notification action at the talk, appearing at least 92/1210
times, accounting for 7.61%.
3.3.2. Describe the semantic subgroups of the interaction giving-response
containing notification-response action
3.3.2.1. According to the subjective criteria of the information content
a. Informative content related to the speaker
In this case, the speaker is the subject of the news. The listener is often those who have a
close, close relationship with Sp1. The information related to individual speakers is diverse
from education, work, career, achievements, rewards to weddings, funerals, emotional life ...
b. Inform the content of information related to the listener
In this case, Sp1 is the person who knows / witnesses the facts and incidents related
to Sp2. Sp1 must tell Sp2 to let Sp2 have a psychological preparation or appropriate future
action. Sp1 is usually the person with a higher position than Sp2, the information provided
is mainly related to the administrative and civil service fields.
c. Informative content regarding both the speaker and the listener
Information belonging to both Sp1 and Sp2 is usually news from social media.
On the other hand, the information content in this semantic group could also be news
belonging to third parties (Sp3) but related to Sp1 and Sp2
3.3.2.2. According to the criteria of the nature of the information content
a. The content of information is positive
Positive information is information that brings certain benefits to the subject. This
benefit may be material (money, valuables) or mental (rewarded, absenteeism ...).
b. The content of information is negative
Negative information is information that causes physical harm or causes
uncomfortable psychological states for the subject.
3.3.2.3. According to the subject criteria

a. The notice contains information about public administration
a1) The content of administrative and public service information related to the collective
In the communication of Nghe Tinh people, through the survey, we found that
the administrative and public administrative information mainly related to the
collective, used 484/552 times, accounting for 87.68%
a2) Public service and administrative information related to individuals
This information does not appear much, only 68/552 times, accounting for
12.32%, mainly related to work within the scope of school or office communication.


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Sp1 notifies Sp2 to receive information and act.
b. Information about daily life
Surveying 1210 conversational conversations containing the notification action
in the communication of Nghe Tinh people, we found that the semantics of this
information group prevailed: 658/1210 occurrences, accounting for 54.38%, mainly
information belonging to personal life such as work, affection, marriage, funeral,
funeral, money, shopping, studying, playing, etc.
3.4. Conclusion of chapter 3
From the issues presented, we draw some conclusions as follows:
a. Regarding the factors that govern the semantic feature of the notification action, we identify
3 factors: interpersonal relationship; Psychological status of the notifier and notification recipient and
context. Through these factors, we find that the frequency of occurrence and the ability to act of the
notification action in the role of informant role, the role of the position of succession, age, gender differ
different light dark. Close relationships include 11 groups, in which: co-workers, learners-learners,
neighbors, friendships and blood ties appear the most. The close relationship we consider in two
aspects: gender and status, rank, age. In terms of gender, women use notification actions more than
men. They also have ways of selecting languages, organizing speeches to express the content of
semantic messages to suit their personality and psychology. In terms of position, rank, age, we
established into 3 groups: the upper - lower group (the notifier has a higher position than the notified

person); the peer group (the notices and the notice recipients have equal status) and the lower-upper
group (the notifier has a lower position than the notice recipient). Corresponding to each type of
relationship and psychological state, Nghe Tinh people have a way of using vocative words, the type
of structure and selection of appropriate notification content.
b. The semantics of exchanging dialogues contain a variety of notification actions,
including contents from family to neighborhood, office, school, market, hospital. Based on
different criteria, we have classified the notification action into different semantic groups.
According to the subjective criteria of the information content, the semantics of the
notification action consists of 3 groups: the information belongs to Sp1, the information
belongs to Sp2, the information belongs to both Sp1 and Sp2. According to the criteria of
the nature of the information, the semantics of the notification action consists of two groups:
positive information and negative information. According to the theme criteria, the
semantics of the notification action also includes two groups: information about
administrative and civil information and information about daily life.
c. Regarding the semantics of the response act set in the interaction with the notification
action (talk conversation): Based on the impact destination of the notification action and how to
receive notifications of Sp2, we divide the semantics of responding actions in communication of
Nghe Tinh people into 4 groups: a / Responses expressing emotions, behavior of Sp2; b /
Response showing attitude of agreement; c / Responses express attitude of disagreement,
negation, rejection and d / Responses express skepticism, distrust.
With information within the workplace, neighborhood, response dialog
appeared only 3 forms: emotional response, behavior of Sp2; the response shows an
attitude of agreement; The response shows an attitude of disagreement, disapproval,
negation, rejection. In those 3 types, Nghệ Tĩnh people mainly use two types of
responses: agree to respond to information within the workplace, neighborhood and to
express emotions, behaviors, to respond to information in daily life.


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Chapter 4

SOME CHARACTERISTIC OF LINGUISTIC CULTURE OF NGHE TINH
PEOPLE THROUGH NOTIFICATION - RESPONSE DIALOGUES
4.1. Overview of culture and language
4.1.1. Culture concept
Culture is a system of all symbolic material and spiritual values created by man
through the struggle for survival and development. Culture is created by the community
of each resident and gives that community its own characteristics.
4.1.2. The relationship between language and thinking, culture
4.1.2.1. The relationship between language and thinking
Language and thinking are intimately connected. Language is the most
important means of human communication; it is both a form of existence and a
material means of expressing thought and a tool of thinking activity. Language is
directly involved in the process of thought formation and development.
4.1.2.2. The relationship between language and culture
There is a close relationship between culture and language. Language is one of
the most characteristic components of any national culture and vice versa, it is in
language that one finds the characteristics of a national culture most clearly preserved.
4.2. Nghe Tinh cultural characteristics through conversations: notice - response
4.2.1. Nghe Tinh people prefer a direct way of speaking, going straight to the point
4.2.1.1. From giver
Firstly, Nghe Tinh people mainly use direct notification action, less use indirect
notification method. When they want to announce something, they often get straight
to the point, not around and around.
Secondly, when announcing, Nghe Tinh people use emotional, emotional terms
to directly express their feelings and attitudes towards Sp2 or the content of the
notice: when expressing their feelings to Sp2, Nghe Tinh people often uses
combinations of words of affection, intimacy such as: beloved husband, sister,
beloved sister, daddy ...; When expressing attitudes towards propositional content,
Nghe Tinh people often use elements that show the nature of information such as sad
news, good news, song news, sensational news, etc.

4.2.1.2. From response:
- To show affection for Sp1, Sp2 often uses actions belonging to behaviors such
as congratulation, praise, encouragement, condolences ...
- To express the attitude, affection with the message received, Sp2 often uses
words that express emotions such as happiness, sadness, boredom, surprise ...
- Sp2 also uses fixed idioms, idioms, and proverbs to express feelings directly
to the message and with Sp1 such as: cool eyes, cool liver; damage gut, damage
liver.
4.2.2. Nghe Tinh people like to talk in a close and close relationship
4.2.2.1. Words vocative
- Firstly, the way of addressing the Nghe people has a high degree of intimacy
when exchanging, expressed using the noun kinship; way of addressing using
combinations of pronouns and pronouns.


21
- Secondly, the way of addressing Nghe people is in the community and
community. The Nghe people often use the title of vocations such as: our class, our
village, our block, our neighborhood, our commune, our department, our room, our
family, our village ...; “choa” from the actualization of the notification - response
dialogue.
- Thirdly, Nghe Tinh people often use a chain of vocations near relationships,
taking children as a central element when making message-response dialogue.
- Fourthly, the way of addressing Nghe Tinh people when performing the act of
notification is extraordinarily rich in expressive nuances: when they are close and
affectionate; rustic time, popular; when messy, rude.
4.2.2.2. Use sub-status from local situation
Surveying 1210 dialogues containing the notification action in Nghe Tinh
communication, we found 10 status words appearing at the end of 736 speeches, of
which, there were 7/10 status words in Thai dialect. Nghe Tinh, the particle is used

390/736 times, accounting for 52.99%. It is this system of sub-language nuances
that make an important contribution to creating nuances of closeness and closeness
for the notification action of Nghe Tinh people in comparison with other regions,
and at the same time, creating a richness for the system of particle, state in
Vietnamese.
4.2.3. Nghe Tinh people like to say how to express their feelings, pulling
attention to listeners
4.2.3.1. Using factors that prevent psychological reaction in favor of “too” and
“outrageous” level of Nghe Tinh people
In 1210 dialogues, this factor was used 96 times Nghe Tinh people, accounting
for 7.93%. Factors with the nature of preventing the psychological reaction in favor
of the level of "too" and "outrageous" in dialogues containing the notification action
of Nghe Tinh people are usually structured in a way: after listening to B, don't be sad
/ angry ...; after hearing B don't be happy / excited / ... crazy / crazy ...
4.2.3.2. Use the looping method
According to our survey, this element appears 51 times, by: repeating the
invocation of object Sp2; repeat verb vi; repeat from the level / validity of
information content or human emotional state.
4.2.3.3. Adverbs indicate the level before or after adjectives / verbs that inform
the nature or state of human emotions
Statistics show that this factor appears 88 times. They are adverbs: “very, too,
extremely, extremely, extremely”, and the two adjectives of the Nghe Tinh dialect are
“fluent and chi chi”. In addition, the way of expressing the high level in Nghe Tinh's
notification action can also be the syntheses using the emotional elements such as
“nhu rat chi la A, rat rat chi la A, A oi la A, A qua la A, A chi ma A rua…”.
The interesting and interesting feature is that Nghe Tinh people when using
these words always have an increase in level according to the appreciation of the
speaker / listener about the nature of the information. For example: fun has levels
such as rat vui, rat rat vui, vui oi la vui (So happy, so happy, extremely happy) …;
then higher level is nong: nong hoi, cuc nong (hot, hot news, very hot news ...)

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4.2.4. Nghe Tinh people often use words that retain ancient local nuances
4.2.4.1. Use words to indicate time
Those are the words: bua ni, bua mai, bua mot, mot te, mot te, mot te… (today,
tomorrow, next tomorrow…
4..2.4.2. Use words, fixed expressions, idioms that have dialect specificities
This factor mainly occurs in both Sp1 and shoulders. That's how to use words
such as: sandy soil, cool and cool, mistakenly punching and dying of elephants, round
like a little pompous, fat like a worm-worm, being young in the winter ...
4.3. Conclusion of chapter 4
Understanding the culture of Nghe Tinh people through the interactive message
- response dialog, we call out some main conclusions:
a. Nghe Tinh people prefer a direct way of speaking, going straight to the point.
They rarely use indirect notification but get straight to the point. The speaker
expressed his immediate attitude about the content of the notice to affect the listener
and prepare the listener to receive the situation. The listener on the contrary, also
directly expresses emotions and emotions; attitude, opinion with Sp1 or the content of
the notice received from Sp1.
b. Nghe Tinh people like to talk in a close and close relationship. This cultural
expression is mainly expressed using vocative words and mood words. The specific
point of Nghe Tinh people when using the vocative word in the notification action is:
the way of address of the Nghe people is highly intimate when exchanging; the way of
addressing Nghe people in favor of the common and the community; Nghe Tinh
people often use the vocative method in relation to relationships, taking children as a
central element when making a pair of message - response; Nghe Tinh's way of
addressing people when performing the notification action is rich in expressive
nuances. Adverbs of affection are used to show the intimacy, closeness, simplicity,
and commonality of the Nghe people.

c. Nghe Tinh people like to say how to express their feelings and get the
attention of the listeners. They often use linguistic elements: properties that prevent
psychological reactions in favor of the level of “too”, “outrageous” in the listener;
repeat the invocation of Sp2 object, repeat verb vi, repeat word indicating the level /
validity of information content; use adverbs of degree preceding or after the word
indicating the nature / state when performing the notification action. The appearance
of these words in a pair of messages contains notification actions
- the response shows that the culture expresses feelings, the feelings are inclined
to the level of “too”, “outrageous”, and finally, to the very end of the feelings of the
people of Nghe.
d. Nghe Tinh people prefer to use words that retain ancient local nuances. The use
of words indicates time; fixed words, expressions and idioms that show the dialectic
characteristics show the simplicity, piety and closeness of Nghe Tinh people in
communication as well as the originality of the perception of the reality of Nghe people.


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CONCLUDE
Through the implementation of research tasks set out in the topic “Dialogue pairs
containing the action of notification - response in Nghe Tinh communication”, We
call out some main conclusions later:
1. The linguistic actions expressed in conversations are rich, including
notification and response. Responding to how the notice acts accordingly shows the
attitude and conduct of the communicating character in the conversation. The thesis has
shown that researching the action of notification and response in interactions in
reciprocal pairs is a scientific and necessary research direction. And the things drawn
from that would be more convincing than examining each single action in the sequence
of words.
2. The thesis conducts document survey by recording and directly recording
speech in daily life of residents in Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces. Thereby, we have

separated the number of 1210 voice pairs containing notification - response actions,
according to the research direction that the topic has identified.
From the development of the concept of notification and response action, with the
use of the instrumental concepts of linguistic action theory and conversational theory
with the collected corpus system, the thesis has proceeded. describe the structure and
semantics of the pair of messages containing the notification-response action in Nghe
Tinh's communication in a complete and concise manner.
3. In terms of structure model, we see a variety of message - response pairs in
Nghe Tinh communication, each pair is made up of two exchanging and exchanging
dialogues. There is a close link between formatted and formal dialogue to create a
complete message - response pair. In particular, the structure of the response dialog is
always governed by the communicating dialog containing the notification action.
3.1. The structured model of the communication containing the notification
action usually has two types: 1) The conversation has an independent notification
action and 2) The conversation has a notification action and its attached components.
The message-only form of communication has an independent standalone message
action whose core is an explicit or primitive expression. The structure model of the
fully explicitly announced vi-expression expression includes 4 elements: the given
shoulder (Sp1), the verb vi (Đg) “notice”, the receiving shoulder (Sp2) and the
propositional content (P); Depending on the context of communication that Sp1 and
Sp2 (or both Sp1 and Sp2) may be awake.
The content of the proposition P in an explicit announcement is composed of two
elements: X and V. Where X is the subject of the notification clause given by the
speaker; X can are Sp1, Sp2 or objects outside Sp1, Sp2 (Sp3) but both Sp1 and Sp2
are known and related; V is the component (word, phrase) denoting the content of the
notice. The structure model of the hand-held conversation contains the primitive
informative expression corresponding to the propositional content element in the
explicit message announcement expression. The type of notification action and
associated components we describe is an extension of the notification micro expression
including: one-part notification message and multiple-message announcement dialog

Auxiliary components. The most noticeable auxiliary components are: the auxiliary
function with the function of commenting, supplementing and clarifying the
information in the notice content; The auxiliary component has the function of
introduction, attracting the attention and attention of the listeners to the content of the


24
notice and the auxiliary component is the expressions expressing the status.
3.2. The response dialog for the communicating dialog contains the notification
action that can be composed of one action or multiple actions. These types of responses
are manifested by many actions such as agreeing, agreeing, congratulating, praising,
revealing, commenting, proposing, etc. Each type of response has certain roles and
functions. in the response dialog for notification actions. For a response with only one
action, it is natural that the action will respond directly to the destination of the
conversation containing the notification action. They often reflect the attitude,
appreciation of the listener for the event informed by the speaker. In a response dialog
containing many actions, the level and linkage between actions to the response
destination for the notification action are not the same. In some dialogs, the notification
actions are quite independent, separate from each other.
4. In language, some form of structure always expresses a certain meaning.
Message-response pairs are no exception.
4.1. Regarding the factors that govern the semantic feature of notification action,
we define including interpersonal relationship, context and psychological state of the
notifier and notice recipient.
4.2. In terms of semantics, communication contains various notification actions. Based
on different criteria, we have classified the notification action into different semantic
groups. According to the subjective criteria of the information content, the semantics of
the notification action consists of 3 groups: information belonging to Sp1, information
belonging to Sp2, information belonging to both Sp1 and Sp2. According to the criteria
of the nature of the information, the semantics of the notification action consists of 2

groups: positive information and negative information. According to the theme criteria,
the semantics of the notification action also includes 2 groups: information about
administrative and civil information and information about daily life.
4.3. Regarding the semantics of response acts placed in the interaction with the
notification action, the semantics of the response actions in Nghe Tinh communication
are divided into 4 groups: Responses expressing emotions, behaviors of Sp2; the
response shows an attitude of agreement; Responses express negative attitudes, rejects,
disagree, and responses show distrust and disbelief. Nghe Tinh people mainly use two
types of responses: to agree and express emotions and behaviors to respond to
dialogues to give notices.
5. Announcement - response dialog in Nghe Tinh communication is strongly
influenced by the characteristics of thinking, habits, lifestyle, behaviors of Nghe Tinh
people. The characteristics of linguistic culture of Nghe Tinh people when realizing the
notification action are shown in the following points: 1) Nghe Tinh people like direct
speech and get straight to the point; 2) Nghe Tinh people like to talk in a close and
friendly way; 3) Nghe Tinh people like to talk about it in a “too” way, so that they pay
attention to the listener; 4) Nghe Tinh people like to use words that preserve old local
nuances.


LIST OF WORKS BY AUTHOR PUBLISHED
1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

Tran Thi Ly Na (2015), “First step to understand the structure of notification
action in school communication”, Journal of Science, Vinh University, Volume
44, No. 1B
Tran Thi Ly Na (2017), “Respect between husband and wife in the communication of
Nghe Tinh people expressed through notification language action”, Proceedings of the
National Linguistics Workshop 2017, Dan Tri Publishing House, Hanoi
Tran Thi Ly Na (2019), “Some cultural features of Nghe Tinh people expressed
through vocative words when performing the action of the language of notification”,
Proceedings of the National Linguistics Workshop 2019, Dan Tri Publishing House,
Hanoi.
Tran Thi Ly Na (2019), “Notice of action in Nghe Tinh's communication”,
Journal of Language and Life, No. 10
Tran Thi Ly Na (2019), “Additional components in notification dialogue”,
Language Magazine, No. 10