chuyên đề câu bị động và các dạng bài tập

Vinh yen education and training department
VINH YEN junior high school.

The seminar on:

PASSIVE VOICE

Written by: Vũ Thị Thúy Hải

School year: 2011 – 2012

1


table of contents
Items

Page

A. Introduction
3
I. The reasons for writing the seminar.
3
II. Aims of researching.
3
III. Object of researching.
3
IV. Scope of researching
V. Methods of researching.

3

B. Contents

4

I. Definition.

4

II. Use

4

III. Form.

6

IV. How to change from active to passive

10

V. Special passive cases

12
14

VI. Kinds of exercises
VII. Result of researching
C. Conclusion

A. INTRODUCTION
2


I. Reason for writing the seminar.( Lý do chọn đề tài)
Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi là một trong những nhiệm vụ trọng tâm của các nhà trường đặc
biệt là các trường chất lượng cao. Trong chương trình tiếng Anh THCS câu bị động là
một phần kiến thức hết sức quan trọng đối với khối 8 và khối 9, đăc biệt đây cũng là
loại bài tập được sử dụng nhiều trong các kì thi khảo sát và thi học sinh giỏi các cấp.
Muốn làm tốt được các bài tập về câu bị động thì học sinh cần phải nắm được các vấn
đề liên quan đến câu chủ động , câu bị động trong tiếng Anh, chuyển từ hình thức làm
các bài tập tự luận sang bài tập trắc nghiệm và ngược lại. Vì vậy tôi chọn đề tài “ Câu
bị động và các dạng bài tập ” làm vấn đề nghiên cứu trong chuyên đề của mình.
II. Aims of researching.( Mục đích nghiên cứu)
Khi viết chuyên đề này, tôi chỉ mong được góp thêm một vài ý kiến của mình về các
vấn đề liên quan đến câu chủ động và câu bị động trong tiếng Anh giúp giáo viên có thể
tham khảo thêm trong việc bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi cũng như trang bị thêm cho các
em một phần kiến thức quan trọng trong chương trình tiếng Anh ở cấp THCS.
III. Object of researching.( Đối tượng nghiên cứu)
Trong chương trình tiếng Anh THCS, câu bị động được đưa vào giảng dạy ở khối
8 và 9. Trong chuyên đề của mình, tôi chỉ tập trung vào một số vấn đề lý thuyết của câu
bị động như cấu trúc, cách sử dụng,cách chuyển từ chủ động sang bị động, một số dạng
đặc biệt trong câu bị động… và một số bài tập viết, bài tập trắc nghiệm tương ứng để
củng cố cho phần kiến thức ở trên, nhằm giúp học sinh hiểu và nắm được những kiến
thức cơ bản và nâng cao của câu bị động trong tiếng Anh để các em có thể làm tốt các
dạng bài tập trắc nghiệm về câu bị động trong tiếng Anh.
IV Scope of researching.( Phạm vi nghiên cứu)
N¨m häc 2011-2012
V. Researching methods.(Cơ sở nghiên cứu)
Tôi nghiên cứu đề tài này dựa trên những cơ sở sau:

- Trên cơ sở thực tế giảng dạy.
- Một số tài liệu tham khảo về câu bị động.
- Một số ý kiến đóng góp của đồng nghiệp.

B. CONTENT
I. Definition:
Each sentence may be performed in both active or passive. We often use active when
the subject is the person or thing doing the action. When the subject is the receiver of
3


the action ( not doing the action) we use passive. The use of active or passive depends
on the situation or circumstance. Therefore students must be mastered some problems.
II. THE USE.
A. The passive is used to describe actions:
1. when we don't know who does, or did the action:
Eg: My briefcase was stolen last night. (I don't know who stole it).
2. when it is not important to know who does, or did the action:
Eg: The cars are taken to Europe every week. (It doesn't matter who takes them).
These televisions are made in Japan. (It doesn't matter who makes them).
B. The passive and the agent
In a passive sentence, we sometimes mention the agent (the person or thing doing the
action).
We use by with the agent.
The cheque must be signed by the manager.
The medals were presented by Nelson Mandela.
But we mention the agent only if it is important for the meaning of the sentence.
Sometimes we do not mention it.
1. We do not mention the agent if it does not add any new information.
All our money and passports were stolen.

A man was arrested last night.
We do not need to say that the money was stolen 'by a thief or that the man was arrested
'by the police'.
2. We do not mention the agent if it is not important.
The streets are cleaned every day.
Oil has been discovered at the North Pole.
Who discovered the oil is less important than the fact that it is there.
3. It is sometimes difficult to say who the agent is.
This kind of jacket is considered very fashionable these days.
A number of attempts have been made to find the Loch Ness monster.
C Empty subjects (they, people, etc)
. In the active sentence we can use the 'empty subject' they. We sometimes use a
sentence with an empty subject instead of the passive, especially in conversation.
We can also use the empty subjects people, you, one and someone.
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
People use this footpath all the time. This footpath is used all the time.
4


You/One should check the details.

The details should be checked.

Someone took my purse.

My purse was taken.

We use the passive in both speech and writing, but it is more common in writing.
We see it especially in textbooks and reports. We use it to describe activities in industry,

science and technology, and also for official rules.
Bananas are exported to Europe.
The liquid is heated to boiling point.
Payment can be made at any post office.
Cars left here will be towed away.
In these situations, it is often not important to say who is doing the action, or it is
difficult to say. The passive is also often used in news reports.
A number of political prisoners have been released.
Talks will be held in London next week.
III. THE FORM
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
1. The present simple tense:
S + am / is/ are + Past Participle
Eg:
Active: They raise cows in Ba Vi.
Passive: Cows are raised in Ba Vi.
2. The past simple tense:
S + was / were + Past Participle
Eg:
Active : They built this house in 2000.
Passive : This house was built in 2000.
3. The present perfect tense:
S + have/ has been + Past Participle
Eg:
Active: They have just finished the project.
5


Passive: The project has just been finished.
4. The future simple tense:

S + will be + Past Participle
Eg:
Active: They will build a new school for poor children next month.
Passive: A new school for poor children will be built next month.
5. The present progressive tense:
S + am / is / are +being + Past Participle
Eg:
Active:
Ann is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Ann
6. The past progressive tense:
S + was / were + being + Past Participle
Eg:
Active: She was cleaning the room at 7 a.m yesterday.
Passive: The room was being cleaned at 7 a.m yesterday.
7. Modal verbs:
( can, may ,must, ought to, should, would, could, might, have to, be going to, used
to........)
S + Modal Verb + be + Past Participle.
Eg1:
Active :
Passive :

You can see him now.
He can be seen (by you) now.

Eg2:
Active :
He should do his homework.
Passive : His homework should be done.

8. WH- question:
Eg: Active: How many languages do they speak in Canada?
Passive: How many languages are spoken in Canada?
Eg:

Who wrote this novel ?
 Who was this novel written by?
Hoặc:  By whom was this novel written?
6


IV. How to change from active to passive.
There are four rules that students should remember when they want to change from
active to passive:
1. Take the object of the active to the subject of the passive.
2. The verb “ be” according to the new subject must be the same tense with the main
verb in active .
3. The main verb in passive is in past participle .
4. Take the subject of the active to the object of the passive preceded “By”
( When you want to emphasize the agent of the action)
Active

S

Passive

+

V

S

+

+

O

Be + V (participle) + O

Eg:
Active

They
S

Passive

will finish
V

this work tomorrow.
O

This work will be finished (by them) tomorrow.
S
Be + V(ed)
O

Note:

• If subject and object are Nouns , they will stay the same. If subject and object are
personal pronouns, they will change as follow:
Subject: I You
He
She
It
We
They
Object:

me

you

him

her

It

Us

Them

- Adverbs of manner are often placed before the main verbs in passive.
Eg: He wrote the book wonderfully.
 The book was wonderfully written.
- By +agent comes after adverbs of place and before adverbs of time.
Eg1:
A taxi driver took him home.


He was taken home by a taxi driver.
Eg2:
We will receive the gifts on Monday.

The gifts will be received by us on Monday.
Only transitive verbs can be change into passive.( transitive verb needs to have an
object)
Eg: 1. She is making a cake.  A cake is being made by her.
Transitive verb
7


2. They run along the beach every morning.
Intransitive verb
- present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous and future
perfect continuous tense rarely used in passive.
- Some verbs such as HAPPEN, SLEEP, COME, SEEM, FALL, DIE, BECOME, GET
can’t be used in passive.
Eg:
We can write:
Eg:

The tree was fallen by the wind ( incorrect)
The tree was blown over by the wind( correct)
The deer was died by the hunter( incorrect)
The deer was killed by the hunter( correct)

If the sentence has two objects, there will have two ways of changing. However indirect
object is used more often than direct object

Eg: We gave him a nice present on his birthday.
Oi
Od
-First way: He was given a nice present on his birthday.
- Second way : need a preposition.
A nice present was given to him on his birthday.
- Two prepositions are often used: “ to , for”.
Some verbs follow by ‘to’: give, bring, send, show, write, post, pass…
Some verbs follow by ‘for’ : buy, make, cook, keep, find, get, save, order ………..
Eg1 : She didn’t show me this special camera.
 This camera wasn’t shown to me.
Eg 2: She is making him a cup of tea.
 A cup of tea is being made for him.
V.
SPECIAL PASSIVE CASES:
There are some special passive cases that are not in the same way.
1. Causative form :
S + have / has + O (person) + V-(infi) +
O (thing)....
Active
S + get + O (person ) + V( infi) + O
(thing).......
Passive

S have /has /get + O (thing) + P2..........
(by + O (thing).
8


Eg : A: I had him repair my bike yesterday.

P: I had my bike repaired yesterday.
A: I get her to make some coffee.
P: I get some coffee made.
I
2. Verbs of perception: see, watch, hear, notice.......
A : S + V (senses) + O + V(infi) / V –ing........

P : S (o) + be + P2 + V (infi) /V –ing..........
Ex : I saw her come in.
She was seen to come in.
I heard him giving order.
He was heard giving order.
3. Verbs of opinions : say , think, know , believe , report, expect,
consider, ......
A : S + V (opinion) + that + S + V........
P : - It + be + P2 + that + S + V.........
- S + be + P2 + V (infi) / to have + P2.

Eg1: People say (that ) he is a good doctor.
→It is said (that) he is a good doctcr
→He is said to be a good doctor.
- People believe (that) she does that work carefully.
→ It is believed (that) she does that work carefully.
→ She is believed to do that work carefully.
Eg: They think( that )Tom is the brightest student in class.
→ It’s thought (that) Tom is the brightest student in class.
9


→ Tom is thought to be the brightest student in class.

Eg2: They said (that) Mary was very clever.
→ It was said (that) Mary was very clever.
→ Mary was said to have been very clever.
People know(that) he was waiting for his friend.
→ It is known (that) he was waiting for his friend.
→ He is known to have been waiting for his friend.
Eg3: People believe (that) he will win.
→ It is believed (that) he will win.
→ He is believed to win.
Eg4: -She reported (that) the flowers were killed by frost.
→ It was reported (that) the flowers were killed by frost.
→ The flowers were reported to have been killed by frost.
4. Imperative sentence .
A: V + O

P : Let + O + be + P2

Eg: Take off your hat!
A: Don’t + V + O.

 Let your hat be taken off!
P: Don’t + let + O + P2....

Eg: Don’t pick flowers -> Don’t let flowers be picked
Besides, there is another way to change imperative sentence.
S + am/ is/ are + to be + past participle
Hoặc S + should be + past participle
Eg: Active: Look after the children please!
Passive: The children should be looked after!
or : The children are to be looked after!

5. Gerund combination : advise, insist, propose, suggest,
recommend....
A : S + V + V-ing P : S + V + that + S(o) + should +
10


+O.......

be + P2.......

Eg : He recommended using bullet- proof glass.
He recommended bullet –proof glass should be used.
But :
A : S + advise / beg / order / recommend / urge + Oi +
V(infi) + Od.
Eg : He urged the council to redue the rate.
The council was urged to redue the rate
He urged that the rate should be reduced.
6.
A : S+ would like + V (infi) + P : S + would like + Oi + to
Oi + Od.
be + P2.
love
love
Eg : I would like to give Lan a nice prsent.
I would like Lan to be given a nice present.
7.
A : S + like + O + V (infi)
P : S + like + to be +
+.........

P2+...............
Eg : I don’t like people to ask me stupid questions.
I don’t like to be asked stupid questions.
8.
A. : S + need + V(infi)

P : S + need + to be P2 /
V-ing.

Eg : I need to clean the house because it is very dirty.
The house needs to be cleaned because it is very dirty.
9.
A : S + hate/ remember / object to + O + V-ing.
P : S + hate / remember / object to + being + P2.
11


Eg : She hates people staring at her.
She hates being stared at.
10.
A : It is one’s duty + V ( infi)
P : S + be + supposed +
....
V(infi).....
Eg : It is your duty to do this work.
You are supposed to do this work.
11.
A : S + let + O +
P : S + be + allowed /
V(infi) ......

permitted + V (infi)
Eg : He let me go
I was allowed / permitted to go.

VI: Kinds of exercises
Exercise 1:Change the following sentences into passive:
1.My father waters this flower every morning.
->………………………………………………………….
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
->………………………………………………………….
3. No one can move the heavy rock in his garden.
->…………………………………………………………..
4. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
->…………………………………………………………..
5.We should clean our teeth twice a day.
->……………………………………………………………
6. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
->……………………………………………………………..
7.Some people will interview the new president on TV.
->………………………………………………………………
8.We can’t finish our work on time.
->……………………………………………………………...
9.Her husband never takes her to the cinema.
->………………………………………………………………
10. He was doing his homework at 9 p.m yesterday.
->…………………………………………………………………
Exercise2:Choose the best answer a,b,c or d to complete the following sentences:
12

1. My wedding ring ………… of gold.
a. is made
b. is making
c. made
d. maked
2. If your brother ………………., he would come.
a. invited
b. were invited
c. were inviting d. invite
3. Mr. Wilson is …………… as Wilie to his friend.
a. knowed
b. knew
c. known
d. is known
4. References …………. in the examination room.
a. not are used
b. is not used
c. didn’t used
d. are not used
5. Laura ………….. in Boston.
a. are born
b. were born
c. was born
d. born
6. My nother is going …………… this house.
a. sold
b. to be sold
c. to sold
d. to sell
7.There’s somebody hehind us . I think we are ……………….

a. being followed b. are followed
c. follow
d. following
8. Have you …………….. by a dog?
a. bite
b. ever been bit
c. ever been bitten d. bit
9.The room is being ………….. at the moment.
a. was cleaned
b. cleaned
c. cleaning
d. clean
10. The road to our village …………. widened next year.
a. is
b. will
c. can
d. will be
11. His car needs ……………….
a. be fixed
b. fixing
c. to be fixing
d. fixed.
12. Her watch needs…………….
a. reparing
b. to be repaired c. repaired
d. a&b.
13. He was said……………….this building.
a. designing
b. to have designed c. to designs
d. designed

14. Ted………….by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
a. got sting
b. got stung
c. get stung
d. gets stung
15. Let the children…………..taken to the cinema.
a. to
b. be
c. to be
d. being.
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer a,b,c or d to complete the following sentences:
1. Somebody cleans that room everyday.
a. The room every day is cleaned.
b. The room is everyday cleaned.
c. The room is cleaned every day.
d. The room is cleaned by somebody everyday.
2. They cancelled all flights because of fog.
a. All flights because of fog were cancelled.
b. All flights were cancelled because of fog.
c. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog.
d. All flights were because of fog cancelled.
3. They are building a new highway around the city.
a. A new highway is being built around the city.
b. A new highway is being built around the city by them.
c. A new highway around the city is being built.
d. Around the city a new highway is being built.
13


4. They have built a new hospital near the airport.

a. A new hospital has been built near the airport by them.
b. A new hospital near the airport has been built.
c. A new hospital has been built near the airport .
d. Near the airport a new hospital has been built by them.
5. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview.
a. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview.
b. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them.
c. A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview.
d. A lot of questions will be asked at the interview.
6. People don’t use this road very often.
a. This road is not used very often.
b. Not very often this road is not used.
c. This road very often is not used.
d. This road not very often is used.
7. Somebody accused me of stealing money.
a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money.
b. I was accused of stealing money.
c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody.
d. I was accused stealing money.
8. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
a. The computer is being used at the moment.
b. The computer at the moment is being used.
c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment.
d. The computer is used at the moment.
9. The bill includes service.
a. Service is included by the bill.
b. Service included in the bill.
c. Service is included in the bill.
d. Service is in the bill.
10. They have changed the date of the meeting.

a. The date of the meeting has been changed.
b. The date of the meeting has been changed by them.
c. The meeting has been changed the date.
d. The date of the meeting has changed.
11. It has been said that UFO sightings are increasing.
a. People say that UFO sightings are increasing.
b. people have said that UFO sightings are increasing.
c. That UFO sightings are increasing is true.
d. UFO has been said to be inreasing.
12. He is getting them mend the windows.
a. He’s having the windows to mend.
b. He’s having to mend the windows.
c. He’s having to be mended the windows.
d. He is having the windows mended.
13. They made her hand over her passport.
14


a. She was made to hand over her passport.
b. She was made hand over her passport.
c. She was handed over to make her passport.
d. She was handed over for her passport to make.
14. Don’t let the others see you.
a. Don’t let you to be seen.
b. Don’t let yourself be seen.
c. You aren’t to be seen by the others.
d. Both a &c allowed.
15. They say that many people are homeless after the storm.
a. They say many people to have been homeless after the storm.
b. They say many piople to bbe homeless after the storm.

c. Many people are said to have been homeless after the storm.
d. Many people are said to be homeless after the storm.
16. They know that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law.
a. The Prime minister is known to have been in favour of the new law.
b. They know the Prime Minister to be in favour of the new law.
c. The Prime Minister is known to be in favour of the new law.
d. They know the Prime Minister to have been in favour of the new law.
17. They expect that the government will lose the election.
a. The government is expected to have lost the election.
b. The government is expected to lose the election.
c. They expect the government to lose the election.
d. They expect the government have lost election.
18. I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
a. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.
b. I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded.
c. I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone.
d. Our conversation wasn’t realized to be recorded.
19. They never made us do anything we didn’t want to do.
a. We are never made to do anything we didn’t want to do.
b. We were never made to do anything we didn’t want to do.
c. We have never made to do anything we didn’t want to do.
d. We had never made to do anything we didn’t want to do.
20. Brian told me that somebody had attacked him in the street.
a. I was told by Brian that soebody had attacked him in the street.
b. I was told by Brian that he had been attacked in the street.
c. Brian told me to have been attacked in the street.
d. Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street.
Exercise 4: Give the correct forms of the verbs.
1.I am not going to the party. I (not invite).
2. English ( speak) all over the world.

3.This jacket is rather dirty. It needs (clean).
15


4. The music for “ The Marriage of Figaro” (write) by Mozart.
5. The Statue (break) while it ( move) to another room in the museum.
6. Why do you keep looking back? Are you afraid of (follow)?
7. These are toys (make) in Japan.
8. The results ( announce) tomorrow morning.
9. I am having my house (paint ). That is why there is all this mess.
10.The children made their bed without ( tell)
11.Ten people (kill) in a train crash in Sweden two days ago.
12.Her new novel will (translate) into Vietnamese.
13.The classroom is still very dirty. I don’t think it (clean).
14.If we don’t hurry, all the tickets (sell) by the time we get there.
15. We ( tell) not to go out at nights recently.
16. We don’t want to ( pay ) low wages.
17. The hotel we stayed at was quite good.The rooms (clean) every day.
18. I wonder why Mary(not invite) to the wedding party last night.
19. If I (tell) before, I would come to your wedding.
20. She gets used to (take) to the zoo on weekends.

VII. Result of researching: (KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU)
Với đề tài này qua một năm học 2010-2011 bản thân vừa nghiên cứu và thử nghiệm đối
với học sinh của hai khối 8 và khối 9 , tôi thấy rằng học sinh đã cơ bản nắm được vấn đề
cơ bản của câu bị động. Các em đã bớt lo sợ khi phải tiếp xúc với các dạng bài tập của
câu bị động. Đặc biệt đối với học sinh khá giỏi và học sinh trong đội tuyển , các em rất
hào hứng khi tiếp xúc với loại bài tập này và mang lại kết quả cao trong kì thi học sinh
giỏi tỉnh và huyện vừa được tổ chức . Bản thân thấy rằng để truyền tải được tất cả các
dạng câu bị động cho học sinh trong các tiết học là điều không thể mà ta chỉ có thể đưa

ra được những mẫu câu cơ bản .Chính vì vậy giáo viên cần phải tận dụng các giờ học tự
chọn , các tiết dạy bồi dưỡng để truyền đạt tới học sinh , tuy nhiên chúng ta phải quan
tâm tới vấn đề luyện tập bởi chỉ có luyện tập thật nhiều thì học sinh mới có khả năng
vận dụng tốt kiến thức đã học vào thực tiễn.

16


C. CONCLUSION: ( KẾT LUẬN)
Trong quá trình giảng dạy tiếng Anh khối 8 và khối 9, tôi đã giới thiệu cho các
em học sinh những kiến thức cơ bản về câu bị động trong tiếng Anh. Đối với từng đối
tượng học sinh khác nhau, thì yêu cầu về kiến thức cũng khác nhau. Đối với những đối
tượng học sinh yếu, hoặc chỉ phục vụ các loại bài tập bình thường trong chương trình thì
tôi chỉ giới thiệu những phần cơ bản như cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động,
câu bị động ở một số thì tiếng Anh học trong chương trình, và với các động từ khuyết
thiếu . Còn đối với đối tượng học sinh khá, giỏi, học sinh học đội tuyển thì tôi đã giới
thiệu thêm phần một số dạng đặc biệt trong câu bị động. Trong quá trình giảng dạy, tôi
nhận thấy học sinh phần lớn đều nắm được các kiến thức cơ bản và áp dụng làm được
các dạng bài tập trắc nghiệm phục vụ cho các bài kiểm tra trong môn học. Tuy nhiên,
đối với đối tượng học sinh yếu, thì các em vẫn còn gặp nhiều khó khăn vì đây là phần
kiến thức liên quan chặt chẽ với các phần kiến thức khác đặc biệt là các thì tiếng Anh.Vì
vậy, khi dạy phần kiến thức này, tôi đã yêu cầu học sinh nhắc lại kiến thức đã học trong
phần các thì tiếng Anh và các kiến thức có liên quan khác.
Xin chân thành cảm ơn!
.........., ngày 24 tháng 11 năm 2011
Người viết
Vũ Thị Thúy Hải

17

18