Những kiến thức nâng cao về từ vựng

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KHÓA HỌC 10 BUỔI LẤY GỐC TIẾNG ANH THPT 2020
GV: Chí Châu

BUỔI 8: MỘT SỐ KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO VỀ TỪ VỰNG

I.

Một số bài tập Từ vựng cơ bản lớp 12
1. It is against the law to ________ on the basis of sex, age, marital status, or race.
A. suit

B. discriminate

C. believe

D. gain

2. She sustained severe head ___________ after being thrown from her horse.
A. injure

B. injured

C. injuries

D. injurious

3. a child receives his early __________ from their parents.
A. educate

B. education

C. educator

D. educative

4. To preserve that __________, it was necessary to preserve the people that had created it.
A. civil

B. civilize

C. civility

D. civilization

5. He has been very interested in doing research on ____________ since he was at high school.
A. biology

B. biological

C. biologist

D. biologically

6. The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were ___________ of teachers.
A. support

B. supportive

C. supporter

D. supporting

7. To be safe under water, __________ need to be able to control their rate of descent and ascent in the
water.
A. divers

B. dive

C.diving

D. dives

8. Most doctors and nurses have to work on a __________ once or twice a week at the hospital.
A. solution

B. night shift

C. household chores

D. special dishes

9. Western women are more ___________ than Asian women.
A. depend

B. dependent

C. independent

D. independently

10. ASEAN also works for the ___________ of peace and stability in the region.
A. promote

B. promotion

C. promotional

D. promoter

11. Swimming produces both ___________ and physical benefits.
A. psychology

B. psychological

C. psychologist

D. psychologically

12. The 22nd SEA Games consisted of athletes from eleven __________ countries.
A. participate

B. participant

C. participation

II. Một số bài tập từ vựng nâng cao
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D. participating

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1. Do you know the _____________ of new born babies to disease?
A. vulnerable

B. invulnerable

C. vulnerability

D. invulnerability

2. His collection of plants contains many _____________.
A. rarities

B. rares

C. rarely

D. infrareds

3. ____________ is enacted by parliament.
A. Legislative

B. Legislator

C. Legislature

D. Legislation

4. New legislation still does not offer adequate _____________ for many endangered species.
A. protection

B. protectable

C. protector

D. unprotected

5. The fruit juice tasted slightly _____________.Therefore, it’s incongruous with children.
A. alcohol

B. alcoholic

C. alcoholism

D. nonalcoholic

6. Their prices are better than any of their ______________.
A. competition

B. competitive

C. competiters

D. competitors

7. An accurate ____________ was made after a series of tests.
A. diagnose

B. diagnosis

C. diagnostic

D. undiagnosed

8. The government is trying to carry out the _____________ of corruption.
A. eradication

B. eradicator

C. eradicate

D. eradicatory

9. A management board tries to achieve a _____________ alliance between managers and workers.
A. harmony

B. harmonized

C. harmonious

D. unharmonized

10. Children today are so ________________.
A. material

B. materialism

C. materialist

D. materialistic

11. Half of the world population is living in ____________.
A. impoverish

B. poverty

C. poverty-stricken

D. underprivileged

12. The burglars have been __________ stealing his belongings.
A. surreptitious

B. surreptitiously

C. surreptitiousness

D. surreptitially

13. Although we’ve been interviewing all day, we haven’t contrived to find a suitable ___________ for
the position of sales consultant.
A. applicants

B. application

C. applicator

D. applicant

14. In the past, _____________ who occupied a particular building or piece of land but did not own it
had to give part of their harvest to the landowners.
A. tenant

B. tenure

C. tennists

D. tenants

15. The toy manufacturer ___________ the regulations by using toxic paints on its dolls.
A. intervened

B. contravened

C. supervened

III. Các từ vựng dễ nhầm lẫn
a. Động từ/ tính từ chỉ sự thay đổi

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D. convenes


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✓ Switch (v): thay đổi đột ngột hay hoàn toàn (change completely), đặc biệt là thay đổi từ cái này

sang cái khác (exchange by replacing one person or thing with another).
•

Switch sides/ to a new currency/ TV channels/ shifts/….

E.g.
She started studying English, but switched to History in her second year.
✓ Adjust to là chỉnh đốn, sắp xếp, chỉnh sửa lại chút ít cho phù hợp.
•

Adjust to life/ a new job

•

Adjust clothing/ the volume/ the height of

E.g.
If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.
You don't need to adjust the setting every time you take a photo.
✓ Alter là thay đổi một vài phần như diện mạo, tính chất, quy mô...nhưng thường thì vẫn giữ
nguyên đặc tính cơ bản.
•

Alter plans/ clothes/ your appearance

E.g.
Although the cost of making phone calls is going up, the charge for connecting to the internet
will not alter.
✓ Modify có nghĩa là “chỉnh sửa” cái gì đó, tức là thay đổi nhỏ để làm cho nó trở nên phù hợp với
một mục đích nhất định.

•

Modify your behavior/ your language/ a design

E.g.
Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to modify their behaviour.
This building has been modified to become a warehouse.
✓ Vary có nghĩa là “biến đổi”, tức là thay đổi tùy theo tình huống.
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Vary your diet/ the menu/ your routine/ in price

✓ Shift (v): to (cause something or someone to) move or change from one position or direction to
another, especially slightly; thay đổi ý kiến, nhận thức
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Shift the blame or responsibility for sth onto sb

E.g.
Society's attitudes towards women have shifted enormously over the last century.
Media attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues.
1. It took him a while to ___________ to being a parent.
A. switch

B. alter

C. vary

D. adjust

2. The old windmill has been __________ into a small guest house.

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A. transferred

B. transformed

C. converted

D. adapted

3. Prices _________ according to the time of year you decide to travel.
A. adapt

B. shift

C. vary

D. modify

4. I ________ shifts with Brian so I could go to my sister’s weeding.
A. shifted

B. switched

C. transformed

D. altered

5. It made a/ an ___________ change to see Alex in a suit. He looked very smart for once.
A. pleasant

B. sweeping

C. considerable

D. significant

6. The pace of __________ change has been rather slow in this country recently.
A. economic

B. economical

C. politics

D. society

b. Allow, permit và Let
✓ Allow và permit dùng tương tự. Cả hai đều đứng trước O + to V
✓ Khi không có O chỉ người dùng V-ing
✓ Let là từ ít trang trọng nhất trong ba từ. Let + O + V-bare
✓ Cấu trúc bị động chung:
S/V-ing + be + allowed/ permitted to do sth
Fill in the blank by choosing allow (A), permit (B) or let (C). Change the form of the verb if necessary.
1. We do not _______________ people to smoke in the kitchen.
2. Smoking is not _______________ in the kitchen.

3. _____________ me buy you a drink.
4. Please _____________ me to buy you a drink.
5. I ________________ to pay for the drinks. (not)
6. We do not _____________ smoking in the kitchen.
c. Tính từ/ trạng từ miêu tả giấc ngủ
Good deep

fast

soundly

1. The kids are staying over at their cousins’ so we would get a _______________ night’s sleep.
2. The passengers slept ______________ in their cabins, unaware of the coming storm.
3. The doctor gave him a sedative and he fell into a _____________ sleep.
4. Don’t worry, you won’t wake her up – she’s _____________ asleep.
Wide light

sleepless

rough

1.

Over 2000 homeless people are forced to sleep _____________ in this city.

2.

A _________ sleeper is someone who is easily woken up by noise.

3.

It’s midnight and I feel _____________ awake. I shouldn’t have had that coffee.

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4.

My baby daughter’s teething, so we’ve had a few _______________ nights recently.

5.

I’ve always been a _____________ sleeper; I wake up at the slightest sound.

6.

When we ran out of money, we slept ______________ for a week.

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