Nghiên cứu sự tham gia của cư dân nông thôn trong xây dựng nông thôn mới tại vùng đồng bằng sông hồng tt tiếng anh

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INTRODUCTION

particular, participation also helps to stimulate the industrious nature,
the spirit of inquisitiveness, the dynamism of rural residents to help
them develop more stable household economy, upgrade housing and
gardens, lakes, rivers, streams, fields create landscapes and make the
countryside become spacious, clean and more beautiful. The results of
new rural construction have achieved certain victories, mobilizing great
resources in the rural areas to develop relatively comprehensive in all
areas of social life, quality of life. The living standards of the rural
population have been improved and improved, the forms of organizing
production in the countryside have been increasingly renovated, the
infrastructure has become more modern and advanced, the natural
environment landscape is focused on better preservation to maintain,
protecting the ecosystem inherent in rural areas.
However, the actual implementation of new rural construction
still raises a number of shortcomings such as: following the criteria in a
formal way, the quality of life of the rural residents according to the new
standards has not yet been met or is not sustainable. Some places still
mobilize incorrectly, a part of rural residents still do not understand the
nature of the program, have not taken advantage of their advantages to
rise up, there are still ideas that depend on the State support and
investment. Participation in implementing the criteria of income,
production organization, environment and safety in agricultural
production, business and processing is still very limited and not really
active, some households small and unable to respond promptly to
market fluctuations, epidemics, .... On the other hand, the need to

upgrade new rural criteria (new model rural) in the coming period is
also a big challenge that requires more active and active participation of
rural residents.

1. Reason for research
Around the world, participation is widely used in development
theory and development projects. By the late 1960s participation was
mentioned in social or community development areas (Arnstein, 1969),
and later in community research and community work increasingly
being mentioned more to people's involvement (Abbott, 1995).
Participation helps socio-economic development programs, projects or
plans achieve the set goals more effectively and sustainably; At the
same time, it also affects the sharing of development benefits to
stakeholders and has a managerial support in the implementation
process. On the other hand, participation also helps to properly mobilize
local resources for development (Chhetri, 2013).
In Vietnam, new rural construction is a national target program to
be implemented on a large scale to implement the Resolution No. 26 of
the Central Executive Committee on August 5, 2008 and the
Government's Action Program to develop comprehensive and
comprehensive development in rural areas in terms of economy,
politics, socio-culture and ecological environment preservation. After 9
years of implementation and implementation (2010 - July 30, 2019), the
participation of rural residents in general and rural residents in the Red
River Delta region in particular has been increasingly evident in specific
tasks such as: : enthusiastically contributing ideas, voluntarily
contributing resources (money, material, land, workdays, ...); being
proactive and creative in organizing production, improving rural
livelihoods, enthusiastically participating in cultural and social
development movements, preserving security and order, etc. The places

where the active participation of rural households have really increased
the feasibility and sustainability of infrastructure works, good traditional
culture are preserved, the spirit of solidarity and cohesion. The people
are promoted and always show the responsibility to the community. In

Although there have been studies on the subjective role of mass
organizations and the role of the people, the topics have not been fully


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studied in many aspects on the participation of the rural residents in new
rural construction. In particular, there has been no such research in the
Red River Delta, where there are certain advantages and disadvantages
in the process of building a new countryside. Therefore, the
participation of rural residents in new rural construction still needs to be
further studied to promote the participation of rural residents for
sustainable socio-economic development in rural areas. From the abovementioned topics: "Researching the participation of rural residents in
the construction of new rural areas in the Red River Delta" is
necessary, selected by the author to be the doctoral dissertation topic.
2. Research objectives
2.1. General objective
2.2. Detail goal
Firstly, systematize and elucidate theoretical and practical basis
for rural residents' participation in new rural construction;
Secondly, to analyze and clearly assess the situation of the
participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in
the Red River Delta region;

Thirdly, based on the situation analysis, the thesis makes some
recommendations to promote the participation of rural residents in the
construction of new rural areas in the Red River Delta in particular and
Vietnam in general.

The thesis focuses on researching methods and contents of rural
residents 'participation in new rural construction to clarify the
relationship between rural residents' participation and the results of new
rural construction.

3. Subject and scope of research
3.1. Research subject
Study on the participation of rural residents in the new rural
building. The topic focuses mainly on people who are residing in rural
areas.
3.2. Scope of research
- Scope of content:

- Scope of space: Research in the Red River Delta region.
- Time scope: Focus on the study of the status of rural residents in
the new rural construction period from 2010 to 7/2019 and the
orientation of the recommendation to 2030.
4. Research questions
(1) What is the method and content of participation of rural
residents in the new rural building?
(2) What are the results, limitations and causes of the
participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in
the Red River Delta?
(3) How is the involvement of rural residents related to the results
of new rural construction in the Red River Delta?

(4) How to best mobilize the participation of rural residents in
new rural construction?
5. Research methodology
The thesis uses both the method of quantitative research and
quantitative studies (the author will present in detail in chapter III).
6. The new constructions of the thesis
Contributions in terms of academics and theoretical perspectives
(1) Participation theory (Arnstein, 1969) and stakeholder theory
(Freeman, 1984; Mitchell, 1997) shows that if managed subjects are
heard more, are more involved and relevant Collaboration with
managers is easy to achieve management goals. The extended thesis
examines the theoretical basis of the participation of rural residents in
vocational training in terms of methods and content of participation.


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(2) Applying the theory of collective action (Tarrow 1988,
Sandler 1992), the thesis explores the collective action of rural residents
in the construction of new rural areas in the Red River Delta.
(3) The participation of rural residents in new rural construction is
measured through: rural residents actively receive information about
new rural construction; comments; contribute resources; improve
livelihoods; supervision in new rural construction; implement
regulations on safety in agricultural production and processing, food
safety and participate in landscape creation and environmental
sanitation.
New findings and recommendations are drawn from the thesis

(1) The involvement of rural residents has always played a core
role in the new rural construction. The level of importance of rural
residents is reflected as the main subject and directly performs each new
rural criterion such as: improving living conditions, improving the
inheritance, implementing safety in agricultural production,
environmental sanitation, etc. This is an indispensable subject in the
process of new rural construction.
(2) The participation of rural residents in new rural construction is
associated with better and more sustainable rural construction results.
This result has two effects: firstly, to help rural residents better
understand their responsibilities, and secondly, to help managers to be
aware of the role of rural residents to have the mechanism of
encouragement, motivate their involvement in new rural construction.
7. The thesis structure
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is
presented in 05 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of research results related to the
participation of rural residents in new rural construction
Chapter 2: The theoretical and practical basis of the involvement
of rural residents in new rural construction

Chapter 3: Site characteristics and research methods
Chapter 4: The status of participation of rural residents of the Red
River delta in new rural construction
Chapter 5: Proposing some solutions to promote the participation
of rural residents in the construction in the Red River Delta region.
CONTENT SECTION
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RESULTS
RELATED TO THE PARTICIPATION OF RURAL RESIDENTS
IN NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION

There have been many domestic and foreign studies on the
participation and subjective role of farmers in new rural construction,
etc. The results of the studies have explained:
- Interpreting the content, method, concept, meaning of
participation and factors affecting participation;
- Interpreting the concept, role, content, mode of participation of
rural residents;
- Discuss the scale of participation of rural residents in separate
aspects and scale on the results of new rural construction.
- Some works have discussed the participation of organizations
and unions in construction in new rural construction, the role of
participation of farmers in new rural construction from a general
perspective.
However, there has been no comprehensive and comprehensive
research on the participation of rural residents in the construction of new
rural areas. Based on the inheritance and selective works announced on
participation and participation in new rural construction. The thesis
continues to solve the following issues:
Firstly, theoretically:
Supplementing and clarifying the theory of rural residents'
participation in new rural construction, focusing on clarifying issues:


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concept, role, level of participation; content, and mode of participation
of rural residents in new rural construction.
Secondly, practically:

- What is the actual participation of rural residents in the Red
River Delta in the process of new rural construction?
- The results and limitations and causes limiting the participation of
rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in the Red River delta;
- Considering the relationship between the participation of rural
residents and the results of new rural construction in the Red River Delta.

organizations, and economic units stationed in the locality, etc. In which
rural residents have the role of a host-they are both subject to
performance, both the subject of development benefit, if they are
valued, more listened to, and participated in many (highlights), the
results of the program will be higher and more sustainable. Therefore,
the application of stakeholder theory to highlight the participation of
rural residents in implementing the new rural construction program in an
active, dynamic. Facilitate and help them to perform well the central
role of rural development. Among the stakeholders to the new rural
building process, rural residents are central to requiring special attention
to this subject because their involvement has a huge influence on the
results of new rural criteria.
2.1.3. Theory of Collective Action:
The theory of collective action is referred to as the synergy of
many individuals involved in certain work to form collective action for
the common good of the collective (Tarrow 1988, Sandler 1992). This is
one of the theories that can explain the participation of rural residents to
form collective action when they perform work for the benefit of the
community.
In the process of new rural construction in Vietnam, rural
residents' involvement is considered as collective action as they perform
the work, the criteria in the new rural construction. Because the new
rural criteria are aimed at the comprehensive development of rural areas,

these criteria relate to the rights and obligations of rural residents. They
work together to effectively implement production plans. Helping each
other products safely and preserve environmental sanitation.
Implementing sustainable production links; develop reasonable and
modern rural infrastructure and effectively exploit production activities
and people's daily life, etc.
2.2. The theoretical basis of new rural construction and
participation of rural residents in new rural construction

CHAPTER 2: THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS
OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF RURAL RESIDENTS IN NEW
RURAL CONSTRUCTION
2.1. Theory of application for research
2.1.1. Theory of involvement
From the fundamental theory of the step of citizen participation in
the Arnstein 1969 study, later studies have been applied to the study to
provide a theoretical basis through the practice of participation in many
fields. The difference of social life and the concept of participation is that
people participate in all aspects of social life equally within the framework
of the law; They have access to, share information, discuss, discuss and
participate in the decision-making process, and contribute resources to
implement that decision.
2.1.2. The theory of "stakeholders":
If managers value stakeholders in the concept of stakeholders, it
is successful to organize the implementation of issues in the
management that will succeed and grow more sustainably (Fontaine,
2006). Any stakeholder is more listened to and engaged as much if they
have higher prominence.
In the national target program of new rural construction,
stakeholders can be named rural residents, local governments,

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2.2.1. New rural concept and new rural construction
2.2.2. Participation of rural residents in new rural construction
2.2.3. Methods of participation of rural residents in new rural
construction
2.2.4. The content of rural residents participating in the
implementation of the criteria in the new rural construction
2.3. The practical basis for the involvement of rural residents
in the new rural construction
2.3.1. Practical involvement of Rural residents in some new rural
models in the world
2.3.2. Practices of rural residents' participation in the process of
building new rural areas in some localities in Vietnam
2.3.3. Experience lessons for the new rural building process in
the Red River delta region
- Promote the internal strength of the people to implement the
criteria in the process of new rural construction, the rural residents need
to be involved in building planning, deciding on the type of
construction, which project needs a priority to advance, publicly discuss,
design decisions and supervision of construction and testing of works.
- Vocational training for rural workers, transfer of technical
advances, new breeds, science technology to help farmers increase crop
and livestock productivity, build specialized commodity areas, develop
products to increase revenues import, and support the expansion of
stable and sustainable agricultural consumption markets.

- It is necessary to create favorable conditions to encourage the
participation of rural residents themselves in the work of new rural
construction. They must be truly owned. Practical benefits of rural residents
must be cared for and created mechanisms to help them proactively develop
their economy, protect the ecological environment, develop infrastructure
and improve the cultural and spiritual life in a healthy way.
- Need to promote self-reliance, initiative, and creativity of rural
residents. These characteristics enable rural residents to participate more

fully, accurately, and responsibly to create good collective actions in
implementing new rural construction criteria related to their interests.
- Need to raise awareness about the role of rural residents in building
new rural areas. They are the center, the ones who directly implement and
directly benefit and play a decisive role in the effectiveness of the
implementation of the criteria and the sustainability of the national target
program on new rural construction.
CHAPTER 3: SITE CHARACTERISTICS AND
RESEARCH METHODS
3.1. The natural and socio-economic conditions of the Red
River Delta affect the participation of rural residents
3.2. Research methods
3.2.1. Approach and analytical framework
a. Approach: The thesis has used the following main weighing
method:
- Access to policies and institutions: Through the study of
guidelines and policies related to the participation of rural residents in
new rural construction.
- Participatory approach: Participatory research, exchange, and
surveys of households and management staff to collect and assess the
participation of rural residents in rural construction.

- Territorial approach: Studying the participation of rural
residents in the construction of new rural areas in different territories of
the Red River Delta, focusing on communes that have built new rural
areas for comparison of the similarities and differences in the
participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas
between territories.
b. Analytical framework
Inherited the scale of the participation of previous studies, the
author is expected to interview questions, conduct an interview directly
with the organizational experts, implement the new Rural Building
Program (Chairman, vice-Chairman of the commune's committee) and the
households according to the questions on the questionnaire have been
designed for information including:


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Participation of rural
residents

- Receive and share information
- Discuss, discuss and make
decisions
- Resource contributions
- In supervisory activities

- Implement planning criteria
- Implementing the criteria of socio-economic

infrastructure
- Implementing economic criteria and organizing
production
- Implementing the criteria of landscape,
environment, and safety in production

Results of new rural construction:
- Family economy, income after the new rural construction process
- Rural infrastructure after the new rural construction process
- Lifestyle and landscape of rural environment after new rural
construction (Long et al., 2009)
- Rural residents’ satisfaction level of results achieved in new rural
construction

3.2.2. Information collection and processing methodology
- Data:
Research data is collected from two sources: secondary data
sources are collected from reports, research results, officially published
data of specialized agencies/units; Primary data sources were collected
by the author through interviews and surveys within the scope of the
thesis.
Collecting secondary Data: The figures are gathered from published
materials such as Documents of the new Rural Coordination Office, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, year of statistics, collected through works that have been
published on the internet, etc
Deep interview: The author selects the Non-probability sampling (as a
judgment) to identify the subject to participate in the study. But the predefined sample selection criteria and strict adherence to the standards should
mistake can be minimized. In this study, the provinces of Thai Binh, Nam
Dinh, Ha Nam, Hung yen, Hai Duong have conditions to develop similar

rural areas, so the authors choose Thai Binh as Representative; Ninh Binh

and Vinh Phuc have a similar, more complex terrain, which is harder to
develop in rural infrastructure, so the author selects Ninh Binh as
Representative; Hanoi and Bac Ninh have relatively flat terrain, so the
author selects Hanoi as representative; Quang Ninh and Hai Phong have
conditions for developing rural areas similar to the author of Quang
Ninh province as a representative to get more survey vouchers in Quang
Ninh for quantitative research.
In qualitative research, the author directly contacts and interview
10 Chairman, vice-Chairman of the commune's committee in 3
provinces and cities (Thai Binh, Ninh Binh, Hanoi) is the management
and organization officer, implementing a new rural building program in
the commune to understand about the participation of rural residents and
20 households in different communes has reached new rural in 3
provinces, cities (Thai Binh, Ninh Binh, Hanoi) (interviews that take
place from January 01/2017 to January 06/2018). Each interview takes
from 30-45 minutes. Through the interviewing process, the author
brings new ideas and findings from previous interviews into the next
interview. Finally, discovery ideas are used by the author for data
analysis. The author stopped the interviewing activities when there were
no new ideas about the participation of rural residents in building new
rural areas.
Thus, with the analyzes obtained from the review of previous
studies combined with qualitative research practice, the author has
generalized the descriptive variables of rural population participation
and the results description variables. New rural construction is as
follows:
Table 3.3: Descriptive variables of rural residents' participation in
new rural construction

Based on
Variables Symbol
Interpretation
select
variables
Rural
residents
receive
information

Through attending the meeting; leaflets;
media; commune and village officials
TN

Proactively explore and listen to explanations
about new rural construction

Proactively receive full information about

Hourdequin,
2012; Qualitative
research


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Variables

Symbol

Rural

residents
contribute
their opinions.

YK

Rural
residents
contribute to
resources.

VC

Rural
residents
participate in
monitoring.

GS

Rural residents
participate in
improving
livelihoods.

SK

Rural
residents
participate in

activities to
create
landscapes
and
environmental
sanitation.

MT

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Based on
select
variables

Interpretation
new rural construction.
Contribute comments on rural planning
schemes
Opinions on rural infrastructure development, etc
Comments on product development plans,
etc
Discuss, discuss contribution level
Voting on contents of new rural construction
of the commune
Contribute the land
Donate money
Contribute labor days
Other Forms
Exercise right to direct supervision in the
process of new rural construction

Join local organizations to exercise
supervision
Exercise right to supervise through the
delegates of the People's Council
Participate in agricultural, forestry, and
fishery extension classes.
Join the consolidation and exchange of plots to
develop production
Improve sustainable production (conversion
of suitable crops and livestock)
Application of science and technology in
production
Linking and actively consuming agricultural
products
Use clean water
Implement safety in production and
processing of agricultural products; food
safety, etc
Use sanitary toilets, create landscapes.

Finsterbusch
1987; Day, 1997;
Qualitative
research

Finsterbusch
1987; Qualitative
research
Conrad 2011;
Danielsen 2009;

Qualitative
research

Ellis 2000;
Cramb 2004;
Aref 2011; Saidu
2014; Mak 2017;
Qualitative
research

Gomez, 2002;
Aylett, 2010;
Qualitative
research

Garbage collection and general hygiene

Table 3.4: Descriptive variables on new rural construction outcomes
Variables
Results of
new rural
construction

Symbol
KQ

Interpretation

Based on select
variables

The family economy has had many Bachmann 2007; Long
changes and increased incomes.
et al., 2009; Laah
The rural infrastructure is fully 2013; Nkwake 2013;
Looney, 2015;
developed and more convenient.

The village is cleaner, more civilized.
Chen, 2016; Qualitative
research
Rural residents are satisfied with the
results achieved in new rural
construction.

Survey: Based on the list of households and the suggestion of the
commune leaders, the author chose the owner over 18 years old, understand
Vietnamese, and could take time to answer the questionnaire. Authors
choose to combine both forms of direct and indirect voting: Direct
investigation forms, appointment time for the answer slip. Indirect form,
send the inquiry by mail to the homestay (accompanied by funding to send
the courier back). With the way to set up the questionnaire to AutoFill, the
information obtained is quite adequate and the response rate is high, meet
the requirements of obtaining 384 of the expected investigation slip.
From the documents and data collected, the thesis uses SPSS
software (software supporting primary data processing and analysis) to
process data for analysis.
Sampling in quantitative research:
After the interview process in qualitative research to study the
participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in

the Red River Delta and reaffirmed the scale reviewed from the
previous study. The author continues to apply the modeling formula of
Hair et al. 1998 to achieve 95% accuracy as N = Z2(pq)/e2 =
1,962(0,5*0,5)/0.052 = 384 observations, Inside:
N: Sample size
Z: Standard deviation with an acceptable level of confidence (95%)
p: The estimated value of changes in the overall (50%)
q: 100 - p
e: The wrong number allowed (5%)
The author applied a sample of 384 households to ensure it could be
interpreted as an indicator of the overall index with a 95% confidence level.
There are two groups of sampling methods, probability, and non-probability.
Methods of probability sampling include simple, systematic random
selection, class selection, cluster selection. Non-probability sampling methods
include convenient sample selection, sample selection according to subjective
evaluation, sample introduction. However, due to limited time and resources,


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the author uses a convenient sampling method, which means selecting objects
that are accessible in representative communes in four provinces (Thai Binh,
Ninh Binh, Ha Noi, Quang Ninh) in the Red River Delta, different from the
above-interviewed communes for the purpose of obtaining a wide range of
respondents and other respondents. survey questionnaire.
3.2.3. Methods of information analysis
a. Qualitative analysis method
Data collected from the interviews are coded into topics, the
concepts are repeated many times until saturation to discover and
supplement observation variables following theoretical models and
practical conditions.

Based on a reference to the scale of people's participation in
previous studies combined with the use of qualitative research methods
in-depth interviews on the status of participation of rural residents in
new rural construction In the Red River Delta, the thesis offers some
additional assessments on the scale of rural residents' participation in
new rural construction.
b. Quantitative analysis method
- Descriptive statistics
- Comparative statistics
- Test the quality of the scale
The survey model has 6 independent groups of factors measuring
the participation of rural residents with 24 observed variables, and 01
dependent factors measuring the results of new rural construction with 4
observed variables. Cronbach's Alpha method is used to evaluate the
reliability of the scale, the results of running Cronbach's Alpha have 7
scales that ensure good quality with 28 characteristic variables
(Appendix 1), in which: Cronbach's Alpha value of the representative
variables are greater than 0.6 and less than 0.95 so the questions of the
scale do not have duplication in measurement, proving that these scales
are of good quality.
- Analysis of discovery factors
Through Cronbach’s Alpha test analysis, the model has 7 quality
assurance scales with 28 characteristic variables summarized in Table 3.5:

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Table 3.5: Typical variables and good quality scales
Order

Scale

Featured variable

Cronbach’s Alpha
of the scale

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

TN
YK
VC
GS
SK
MT
KQ

TN1, TN2, TN3
YK1, YK2, YK3, YK4, YK5
VC1, VC2, VC3, VC4
GS1, GS2, GS3
SK1, SK2, SK3, SK4, SK5
MT1, MT2, MT3, MT4
KQ1, KQ2, KQ3, KQ4

0.748

0.767
0.642
0.670
0.602
0.655
0.777

Source: author calculations on SPSS
Based on the results of testing this scale, the author continues to
use SPSS performing the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) analysis.
Cronbach's Alpha test Results No variables were eliminated, the model
also had 6 quality scales with 24 characteristic variables included in the
EFA test to measure 6 elements. The author evaluators The suitability of
the model with the actual data through the KMO test.
In the first EFA run, the extracted variance value was 70.5% and
8 factors had Eigenvalue ≥ 1, KMO = 0.668, Sig = 0.000 <0.05 so the
observed variables are linearly correlated with the factor face. However,
at a rotating matrix table during the first EFA run, there are three
observations as VC3, VC4, SK5 does not guarantee the discrimination
(Measured in 2 factors and does not guarantee a difference in the load
factor from 0.3 or higher), so these 3 variables must be removed
(Appendix 2).
The second EFA run (after eliminating 3 observed variables VC3,
VC4, SK5), KMO = 0.680 (Table 3.5), there are 7 factors extracted at
Eigenvalue is 1,071 and the total variance extracted is 69,536%. Thus,
KMO satisfies the condition that 0.5 exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method is suitable for real data. In
particular, 69,536% of the change of factors is explained by the
observed variables in the model (Appendix 3), Sig = 0.000 <0.05 so the
observed variables are linearly correlated with the representative factor.

(Table 3.6).


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Thus, the results of the discovery factor analysis show that the
observations in the first 6 factors have converged in 7 factors and the
characteristic variables have factor load coefficient in the range of 0.685
- 0.856 (Appendix 4) (Satisfying the condition that the selected value
should be greater than 0.3 with the sample size> 350) (Dinh Phi Ho,
2011).
Factors from 1 to 5 are not disturbed, so they retain their names as in
the original model are YK, VC, TN, SK, and GS.
Factor 7 named "rural residents involved in creating landscape
and environmental sanitation activities" (MT), which is an MT3
observation, MT4.
Particularly factor 6 is a new factor with 02 observations from the
variable "rural residents involved in creating landscape and
environmental sanitation activities" in the environmental criteria in new
rural construction. The author named this factor "safe in production and
processing of agricultural products; food safety, etc” (AT) includes
observation of MT1, MT2.
Through a quality inspection and analysis of the discovery factor,
the author identified 7 scales representing the participation of rural
residents, and 1 scale representing the new rural construction results
with a total of 25 specific variables are summarized in Table 3.7.
Re-testing Cronbach’s Alpha of the new 7 factors results in a
value greater than 0.6, so the scale is evaluated with good quality,

meaning that the new factors ensure the reliability of the scale
(Appendix 5).
Thus, the results of the second-factor analysis, there are 7 factors
achieving convergence and discriminant values with high load
coefficients (in the range of 0.618 - 0.883) satisfying the condition that the
load coefficient must be greater than 0.5 (Appendix 4).
- Regression analysis

To identify the relationship between the participation of rural
residents and the results of new rural construction, the overall
correlation model has the form:
KQ = f (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7)
In which KQ is a dependent variable; F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7:
Independent variables.
Considering the relationship between the independent variable
from F1 to F7 and the dependent variable (results of new rural
construction), the author performed by linear regression equation:
KQ = b0 + b1F1 + b2F2 + b3F3 + b4F4 + b5F5 + b6F6 + b7F7 + ei
In particular, variables put into in regression analysis are
determined by calculating the factor Scores.
For independent variables, SPSS is available in Data View when
analyzing the second discovery factor (after eliminating bad variables),
resulting in the data view in the interface as Appendix 6, in which:
FAC1_1 is F1, FAC2_1 is F2, FAC3_1 is F3, FAC4_1 is F4, FAC5_1 is
F5, FAC6_1 is F6, FAC7_1 is F7 was calculated according to the factor
score calculation.
For the dependent variable KQ, the author also calculates the
score by calculating the factor score and gets the dependent variable
result in the data view interface as in Appendix 7, in which: FAC1_2 is
the KQ that has been calculated by the factor score calculation.

Perform multivariate regression analysis in SPSS to test the
relationship between the participation of rural residents and the results
of new rural construction in the Red River Delta Region.
CHAPTER 4: THE STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF
RURAL RESIDENTS OF THE RED RIVER DELTA IN NEW
RURAL CONSTRUCTION
4.1. The situation of new rural construction in the Red River
Delta Region
4.2. The status of participating methods


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4.2.1. The status of the participation method of rural residents of
the Red River Delta Region
4.2.2. The status of participation method of rural residents at the
survey points
4.3. The status of participation in the implementation of the
new rural construction criteria of rural residents of the Red River
delta (participation content)
4.3.1. Rural residents participate in the implementation of new
rural planning criteria.
4.3.2. Rural residents participate in the implementation of criteria
for socio-economic infrastructure.
4.3.3. Rural residents participate in the implementation of
economic criteria and production organization.
4.3.4. Rural residents participate in the implementation of criteria
for landscape, environment, and production safety.

4.4. The relationship between the involvement of rural
residents with new rural construction results
From the actual study of the participation of rural residents in the
new rural construction and the results of running the regression model in
the variance analysis table, the value F = 20,430 with Sig. = 0.000 <0.01
demonstrates the given model is consistent with the actual data and the
square R of the overall is different from zero, the participation variables
of rural residents in the Red River Delta in new rural construction
positively affecting the variable results of new rural construction (table
4.13). According to the regression analysis in Table 4.13, the
participation variables of rural residents in the Red River Delta are
linearly correlated with the variable results of new rural construction,
and the 99% confidence level.
The test results of independent variables on the participation of
rural residents in the Red River delta in new rural construction with
variables dependent on the new rural construction results show: The

independent variables of rural population participation are comment
(F1), livelihood improvement (F4), monitoring (F5), (implementation of
safety regulations in production, processing). Agricultural variables
(F6), landscape creation, and sanitation (F7) have Sig. less than 0.01, so
these variables are significantly correlated with the dependent variable
of new rural construction results and reliability. 99%; independent
variables that contribute to rural material (F2), rural residents receiving
information (F3) have Sig. less than 0.05, so these variables are
significantly correlated with Depend on the results of new rural
construction and 95% confidence (Table 4.16).
The relationship of the independent variables of rural residents'
participation in the Red River Delta with the dependent variable of new
rural construction results is explained in detail as follows:

+ Variable F1: has a coefficient 0.180, positively related to the
variable KQ. This means that when the participation of rural residents in the
"contribute their opinions (YK)" method increases by 1 point, the "new
rural construction results" increase by 0.180 points.
+ Variable F2: has a coefficient 0.139, is positively related to the
variable KQ. This means that when the participation of rural residents in the
mode of "contribute to material in new rural construction (VC)" is increased
by 1 point, the "new rural construction results" increases 0.139 points.
+ Variable F3: has a coefficient of 0.087, positively related to the
variable KQ. This means that when the rural residents' participation in the
method of "receiving information on new rural construction (TN)"
increases by 1 point, the "new rural construction results" increase 0.087
points.
+ Variable F4: has a coefficient 0.194, positively related to the
variable KQ. This means that when the participation of rural residents in
the mode of "participation in livelihood improvement in new rural
construction (SK)" is increased by 1 point, the "new rural construction
results" increase 0.194 points.


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+ Variable F5: has a coefficient 0.146, positively related to the
variable KQ. This means that when the participation of rural residents in the
mode of "participation in monitoring in new rural construction (GS)" is
increased by 1 point, the "new rural construction results" increase 0.146
points.
+ Variable F6: Has a coefficient of 0328, with a relationship with

the variable KQ. This means that when the involvement of rural residents
is in the “participation in the implementation of regulations on safety in
agricultural production and processing; food safety in new rural
construction (AT)" added 1 point, the "new rural construction results"
increased 0.328 points.
+ Variable F7: has a coefficient of 0.223, positively related to the
variable KQ. This means that when the participation of rural residents is
expressed in the "participation in landscape creation and environmental
sanitation activities in new rural construction (MT)" by 1 point, the
"new rural construction results" increased 0.223 points.
With the standardized regression results shown in Table 4.16, the
standardized regression equation will be:
KQ = 0.18*F1 + 0.139*F2 + 0.087*F3 + 0.194*F4 + 0.146*F5 +
0.328*F6 + 0.223*F7
Test results in Table 4.18 show that Durbin Watson = 1,298 <2 so
there is no first-order correlation in the model.
4.5. Factors affecting the participation of rural residents in
new rural construction
4.5.1. Awareness of rural residents
4.5.2. The starting point of economics and the qualifications of
rural residents are unevenly affecting participation.
4.5.3. Due to soil conditions that affect participation

4.6. Overall assessment of the participation of rural residents
4.6.1. Advantages
4.6.2. Disadvantages and causes
CHAPTER 5: PROPOSING SOME SOLUTIONS TO
PROMOTE THE PARTICIPATION OF RURAL RESIDENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION IN THE RED RIVER DELTA REGION
5.1. Viewpoints and objectives on promoting the participation

of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in the Red
River Delta
5.1.1. Viewpoints
Firstly, raising awareness of stakeholders in the process of new
rural construction, in which the focus is on raising awareness of rural
residents to help them effectively implement the role of the subject and
always act properly, promptly in the process of implementing the criteria
in the new rural construction to build a civilized, progressing and keeping
the beauty of traditional culture, the spirit of solidarity, cohesion, high
community adaptation to modern society.
Second, improving the capacity of rural residents. That is to
enhance all the potential of rural residents in terms of knowledge,
experience, skills, attitudes, and ability to flexibly apply knowledge,
skills in the work, and social life. The new rural building process needs
to arouse, train, and perform in sync, full of elements of "capacity" to
help rural residents can effectively participate in the implementation of
new rural construction criteria.
Thirdly, Expanding the scope, objects involved, and
implementing the synchronization of the method of participation of rural
residents through the creation of the best conditions of the mechanisms
and policies for rural residents to be able to fully participate in the
crowd and benefit. For rural residents to be able to fully participate, the
mechanisms and policies that need to be feasible, specific to the
promotion of learning population, access to science and technology, and


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the forms of modern production organizations, etc. Help to participate in
the implementation of new rural criteria with the highest quality.
Fourth, boldly distributed, authorized and harmoniously combined the
support of the State, of the individual organizations with the mobilization of
resources from the population to effectively use the resources in the
implementation of new rural criteria.
5.1.2. Objectives
- Ensuring that 100% of rural residents in the Red River Delta
fully participate in all factors of participation with the highest sense of
responsibility
More empowering grassroots and communities to promote selfmanagement and self-responsibility
- Publicity and transparency combined with inspection and
supervision during the process of new rural construction.
5.2. Some solutions to promote the participation of rural
residents in new rural construction
5.2.1. Solutions on mechanisms and policies to promote the
participation of rural residents in new rural construction
5.2.2. Implementation measures to promote the participation of
rural residents in new rural construction
5.2.3. Solutions to raise the awareness of rural residents about
building a new countryside
5.2.4. Solutions to improve the capacity and responsibility of
rural residents to participate in new rural construction
5.2.5. Solutions to improve the qualifications and management
capacity of commune officials to mobilize people and effectively manage
the process of new rural construction
5.2.6. Solutions to participating in collective organizations
5.2.7. Solutions for the participation of rural residents to develop
markets for agricultural products and rural industrial products

Based on an overview of previous studies and practical studies on the
new rural building results of the Red River Delta, the author has filled the gap
in research on the method, the contents of the rural population involved in the
implementation of new rural criteria. At the same time, clarify the
relationship between the participation of rural residents with new rural
construction results. The method of participation is studied by the author on
the following aspects: rural residents actively receive information about new
rural construction; contribute ideas, contribute resources and participate in
monitoring in the construction of new rural areas (people know - people
discuss - people do - people inspect and supervise). In the content of
participation, the author has focused on clarifying the participation of rural
residents in the implementation of four basic criteria groups: the criteria for
rural planning, the criteria group for socio-economic infrastructure, the group
of economic criteria and the production organization, the group of landscape
criteria, environment and production safety. Based on the results of
multivariable regression and assessment of the status of rural residents'
participation in new rural construction in the Red River Delta, the author has
generalized the viewpoints and objectives of mobilizing the participation of
rural residents in the new rural construction and proposed 7 groups of
solutions to promote the participation of rural residents in New rural
Construction is Solutions on mechanisms and policies; on implementation to
promote the participation of rural residents; on raising awareness of rural
residents; on enhancing the capacity and responsibility of rural residents to
participate in new rural construction; solutions to improve the qualifications
and management capacity of commune officials to mobilize the population
and effectively manage the process of building a new countryside; solutions
in involving collective organizations in rural areas; solutions for the
participation of rural residents to develop markets for agricultural products
and rural industrial products
Limitations: In addition to the achieved results, the thesis topic

has not been able to explore in-depth the factors affecting the
participation of rural residents in the process of building a new
countryside. This issue the author hopes to clarify in future studies.

CONCLUSION