Giảm thiểu thiệt hại thiên tai vùng bão, lũ

Thuc tieh - Kinh nghiem

Giam thieu thiet hai thien tai vung bao, lii
O NGUYEN VAN Cl/ONG
Ban Chi dao phong chong lut bao Trung Udng

ac hien tupng thien tai thPi tiei,. nhai la bao, lu gay thiet hai rai
nang ve ngudi va tai san cho ngudi dan nudc ta; nhat la ngu&i
dan cac tinh miin Trung. Van de dat ra cho cac cap chinh quyen
dja phuang, ngUdi dan la lam the nao de han che thap nhai thiet hai
thien tai bao lu?

C

Anh hudng cua bao lu
Nhdng nam gan day, eac van
d l ve mdi trUdng sinh sdng cda
ngudi dan vdng bao va Id lut da
dupc quan tam. d i thien. Tuy
nhien, do sytan pha nang ne cda
thien tai, ngudi dan vin bj tae
dpng manh bdi cac dieu kien ndi d
sd tan, nudc saeh. ONMT vdi eac
loai chat thai phat sinh dpc hai.
Con bao sd 11 do bp vao khu vyc
Da Ning - Quang Nam, tfnh den
ngay 15/10. tai Quang Nam, bao
sd 11 da lam 3 ngUdi chel. 1 ngUdi
mat tfch, 7 ngudi bj Ihudng. hon
5.200 ngoi nha bj sap va toe mai,
thiet hai hon 80.000 ha cay Sn

qua. cay lam nghiep; thanh phd
Da Ning, 11 ngudi bi thuong,
hang nghin ngoi nha d cac quan
Son Tra. Lien Chieu. Ngu Hanh
Son bj sap. tdc mai; cac tinh miln
Trung 3 ngudi che't. 1 ngudi mat
tfch. hang ngan ngdi nha bj
sap...Con bao sd 10, tfnh den
2/10. lam 9 ngudi chet 199 ngUdi
cda cac tinh Nghe An, Ha TTnh.
Quang Binh. Quang Trj, Thda
Thien-Hul bj thUdng. Cdn bao sd
10 da lam sap dd. cudn trdi 372
40

can nha; 194.137 can nha bj toe
mai. huhdng va 25.783 can nha bi
ngap lut; hU hdng, ngap dng 975
cdng trinh la trudng hpc. try sd. co
quan. benh vien va d c cdng trinh
cdng cpng... Con bao so 8 tai
Quang Nam, da sd ngUdi ddn lai
day ddng nude gieng ddng, khi
nudc lu tran ngap, bdn cat lam eho
nudc due ngau, khong sd dung
dupc. Nhieu xa tren dja ban 2
huyen Ea Sup va Ea H'Leo, tinh
Dlk Lak eung phai chiu canh thieu
nude sinh hoat. Trong khi dd,
thude cda can bp y te cap han

che, chi xd ly dupe nudc dung de
an udng, viee tam giat cda ngUdi
dan deu phai sddung ngudn nudc
gieng d nhilm. Nhilu hp dan
ngudi dan tdc thieu sd sdng rai rac
d khu vyc rdng nui sd dung ngudn
nudc 6 nhiem. Huyen Ea Sup,
Quang Binh ed 809 gieng nudc
cda ngudi dan bj ngap sau trong
nudc lu. Huyen Ea H'Leo cd 650
gieng nUdc bj ngap khiln khoang
3.640 ngudi dan thieu nudc sinh
hoat. Do thieu hoa chat Chloramin
B de xd ly ngudn nUdc nen viec sd
dung ngudn nudc d nhilm khien
djch benh nhanh chdng phat sinh.

Tdi nguydn va Moi truong | Kjf 1 - Th^ng 2/2014

Sau bao, ID lut xay ra, 6
nhdng dja phUdng bi tan pha, moi
trudng sdng anh hudng manh
de'n sdc khde cda con ngudi. Do
do, viec quan lam dau tien la ndi
d so tan va lanh nan cho nhSn
dan. Ddi tupng dupe sd tan chii
ydu la ngudi dan song trong
nhung ngdi nha lam d p 4, nhdng
nha gan bd sdng, bai song, ven
bien, d o vung bj ngap sau. Ndi

trd I n tam thdi tae dpng tryc tilp
ngudi dan vdng bao Id. Tuy
nhien. dieu kien v l co sd ha tang
cda d c nha d lam ca v l so
lupng, chat lupng edn thap.
Khdng gian chat hep, am thap 3
eae khu nha so tan din den kha
nang mac cac loai benh lay
truyin ve dudng hd hap; nguon
nudc sach thieu, ve sinh mfii
trudng khdng bao dam giy cac
benh nhU dau mat do, cac benh
ngoai da va cac benh ve dudng
tieu hoa. Noi so tan lap trung
ddng dan, thie'u v§ sinh nen djdi
bdnh cang de phat tan, nhilu
IrUdng hdp mac benh va td vong
mdt d c h rat dang tide khi khong
ldi benh vien kjp thdi.


6 d c khu vuc ndng thdn,
ngudn cung d p nudc sinh hoat
cho ngudi dan chd yeu la nudc
mat d ao, hd, nudc mua, nudc
ngam lang ndng (gieng dao,
giing khoan) v l ngudn nudc ty
chay, day diu la cac nguon nudc
de bi nhiem bin Irong dieu kien
khi d thien tai bao, lu lut. Opt Id

thing 10/2011, tinh Quang Ngai
d tren 7.000 ngdi nhi tai eac
huypn ddng bang nhU: Mp Ddc,
Ode Phd. NghTa Hinh, Tu NghTa,
son Tinh. Binh Sdn bj ngap nude
td 0.3m den tren Im. hdn 6.000
giing nude, hang nghin nha ve
sinh, 30 trudng hpc cac d p .
nhilu tram y te v l chp bj ngap
sau trong nude. Trung tam Y le dy
phong Quang Ngai da ehl dao he
thdng y le dy phdng tang cudng
giam sal tren dja ban quan ly,
hudng din cho nhan dan khd
khuan giing, xd ly vd sinh moi
trudng, chon sue vat chit... bao
dam ngudn nude sach eho ba con
sd dung. Lut Ipi lam cho nhdng
chat bin trong he thdng edng
ranh. mang theo nhilu chai thai
dpc hai td nfli dd rac cudn theo.
lan Ida vao eac ngudn cung d p
nudc. Nude lu thudng cudn theo
nhdng vi sinh vai truyin nhiem.
gdm cd vi khuin dudng rupt nhu
Ecoli, Salmonella va Shigell. vi
khuIn viem gan A, va tae nhan
gay binh thUOng ban, phd IhUdng
han va bdnh udn van.

te, d n g tac thu gom va xd ly chat
thai ran da dupc quan tam va thuc
hien tai cac dja phUdng, khi nudc
lu bat diu rdt. UBND d e huyen,
xa chi dao va hudng din nhan
dan xd ly mdi trudng, nudc rut den
dau lam ve sinh mdi tn/dng den
dd... Tuy nhien, d d c vdng ndng
thdn nhieu ndi ehua d bai chdn
lap va xd ly lap trung bao dam
lieu chuan ky thuat, cac bai rac
mdi d pham vi nhd, mang tfnh lu
phil va khdng dupc dau tu day
dd. Vi vay, d e loai chat thai phat
sinh trong va sau bao va lu lut
hien vin gay ONMT cue bp.
Giam thieu thiet hai thien tai
Con bao sd 11, tinh Quang
Binh, da chi dao UBND cac
huypn, thanh phd cd lanh dao true
24/24h dd theo doi diln bien cdn
bao. sin sang ehl dao ddi phd. cd
can bp tryc tiep chi dao cac xa,
cac thdn, ban. Dac biet la nhijfrig
vung thudng xuyen bi chia cat,
nhdng vung thudng bi ngap sau
hoac cP nguy ed sat id, lu quel; eo
ngay phUdng an di ddi. sd tan dan
ra khoi vdng anh hudng trUc tiep
cda bao, nhdng dia phuong co

kha nang ngap do nudc bien dang
eao, vung thudng xuyen ngap lyt
sau va cd nguy cd cao ve lu quel,
sal Id dat den ndi an loan; chi dao
dy trd lUdng thyc, thyc pham.
thudc men va cac nhu yeu pham
can thiet khac cho nhan dan d eac
vung ed nguy ed bi chia cat, vdng
bj ngap sau. Rut kinh nghiem d e
Van d l quan ly chit thai ran
cdn bao trudc, edng tac phdng,
trong va sau bao. Id lyt d n dupc
chdng djeh benh sau Id huyen Ky
quan ly chat che d l khdng anh
Anh. Ha TTnh dupe ehu ddng. d c
hudng xau ldi mdi trudng v l sdc
don vj trong Nganh Y te huyen
kho^ con ngudi. Cae loai cdn
phan cdng trach nhiem cho tdng
trung, sinh vat gay benh cd t h i
cdn bd phu trach dja ban. giam
phat triln trin mdt sd loai chat
sat hinh djeh benh. hudng din
thii. Chit thai rln nguy hai trong
ngudi dan VSMT. phdng. chdng
va sau bao, 10 lut bao gdm d c
djch benh sau bao dupc tap trung
loai chit thai cda con ngudi. xac
cao dp. Ngoai phUdng an lai cho.
gia sdc. ddng v I l chit... Tren thyc

mdi cd sd kham chda benh thanh
lap mpt dpi d p cdu cd dpng. Cic
dpi CO dpng sin sang dng cdu
24/24. Nganh Y te da chi dao
phan phit 3 tan CloraminB va cac
cd sd thudc phdng, ehdng djch
benh sau mua Id va cac hoa chat
lam saeh nudc ddi vdi d c gieng
nudc bj ngap nudc trong vung lu
ve tan d c dia phUdng. d tinh cdn
dy phdng 1 tan CloraminB va eac
CO sd thudc du phong d p them.
Mpi phUdng an ludn dupe sSn
sang vdi tinh than khdng de ba
con vdng lu bj thieu nUdc khong
bao dam an loan; bao dam VSMT
va khdng d l djch benh bdng phat
sau bao. lut; bao dam sdc khoe
cho ngudi dan Irong vdng bao. lu.
Theo cae nha Khoa hpc Vien
KTTV&MT, chfnh quyen dia
phUdng cac cap can danh gia tae
dpng tieu cyc cda bao 10 de'n sdc
khde ngudi dan; xae djnh nhdng
dia ban xung yeu trong mang ludi
y le cpng ddng. Oanh gia thyc
trang cd sd ha tang y te cong
cdng va dU kiln ke hoaeh lu bd,
nang d p ; danh gia thyc trang

hoat dpng y te cpng ddng va xay
dung chUdng trinh hoat dpng
trong bdi canh BDKH. Nganh Y te
xay dyng chuong trinh tang cudng
sdc khde cai thien mdi trudng
kiem soat djch benh dng phd vdi
BDKH, danh gia tac ddng cda
BDKH den phat sinh. phat triln va
lan truyin djch benh. Nang cao
nhan Ihdc edng chung ve BDKH.
nhan thdc ve sinh va van hoa gia
dinh cda cdng chdng thdng qua
cac Chuong trinh nUdc sach.
vudn, ao, chudng. xanh, sach,
dep. To chdc he thd'ng canh bao
djch benh. day manh thyc hipn
chUdng trinh chd'ng benh truyen
nhiem, nhu liem phdng. kilm soat
vec td truyin benh."

Toi nguydn vg Mdi tradng | K^l • Thing 2/2014

^^