Chapter 5 Câu gián tiếp ( Ngữ pháp TIẾNG ANH cho học sinh mất gốc )

Chapter V: Reported Speech
I. Statement.

S + said (that) / told + S + V (lùi thì)
Eg: “ I’ve been here for hours” said Mary
 Mary said ( that ) she had been there for hours
II. Change tenses
1.

2.

3.

4.

Direct

Indirect

HTDG
HTTD
HTHT
HTHTTD

QKDG
QKTD
QKHT
QKHTTD

QKDG
QKTD

QKHT
QKHTTD

QKHT
QKHTTD
QKHT
QKHTD

TLDG
TLTD
TLHT
TLHTTD

Would/Could + V
Would/Could + be + V-ing
Would/Could + have + V-ed
Would/Could + have been V-ing

Should/ Ought to
May/ Might
Must/ Have-has to
TLG

Should/ Ought to
Might
Had to
Was/ were going to V

* Đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Today

Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow

That day
The day before/ The previous
Day
Two days before
The next/following day
In two day’s time


Next + time
Last + time
Time ago
Now
This
These
Here, over here

The following time
The previous time
Time before
Then
That
Those
There, Over there

III. How to change

1. Statement

S + said (that) / told + S + V (lùi thì)
Eg: “ I’ve been here for hours” said Mary
 Mary said ( that ) she had been there for hours
2. “wh” – question (Câu hỏi)

S + asked (sb) + “wh” + S + V
Eg: How long have you been here Jack? said Ann.
 Ann asked Jack how long he had been there.
3. Yes/No – question (Câu hỏi)

S + asked (sb) + if/whether + S + V
- If: liệu rằng
Eg: “Will you go to Hanoi next Sunday, Bob?” said Ann.
 Ann asked Bob if/whether he would go to Hanoi the following
Sunday and he said he wouldn’t.
* Note: Các trường hợp không lùi thì:
1. Với các trạng từ chỉ thời gian cụ thể
2. Với những câu giả định:
+ Mệnh đề Wish, If only, would rather.
+ Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3.
+ It’s (high) time + S + V-ed.


Eg1: “The sun rises in the East” The farmer said.
 The farmer said The sun rises in the East.
Eg2: “If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we’d have gone out” said Mary.
 Mary said If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we’d have gone out.
IV. Câu mệnh lệnh đề nghị.

Tell/Ask + Sb (not) to do st
Eg: “Give me your book, Jane” said Mike.
 Mike told Jane to give him her book.
V. V + to V.
Agree
Refuse

Decide
Threaten

Offer
Want

Promise
Expect

Eg: “All right”. I’ll help you” said Tom.
 Tom promised/ agreed to help me.

VI. V + sb (not) to V.
Advice
Remind
Tell

Ask
Offer
Order

Beg

Urge

Encourage
Warn
Wish

Invite
Expect

* How to use:
Why don’t you
If I were you
You should/ Ought to/ had better
Would you mind
Could you + V
Would you + V
“Please, Please, Please”
“Go on”
“Come on”
Would you like to + V

Advice
Ask
Beg
Encourage
Invite


“Don’t forget”
“Remember”

Remind

“Could I..”

Offer

“Hurry up”

Urge

Talk About Damage

Warn

Eg: “Don’t forget to take warm clothes” said her mother.
 Her mother reminded her to take warm clothes.
VI. V-ing (gerund)
Shall we
Let’s
Why don’t you
What about/ How about
Admit
Accuse sb of
Apologize (to) sb for
Beg sb for
Blame sb for
Complain about
Congratulate sb on
Deny

Dream about
Criticise sb for
Insist on/upon sb
Look forward to
Boast about st

Suggest + V-ing

Object sb to = Against
Prevent/ Stop sb/st from
Reproach sb for
Regreted ( trong QK )
Suggest
Suspect sb of
Think of about
Thank sb for
Warn sb/st against/about
Remind sb of
Praise sb for
Confess to st to sb
S + exclaim with + dtừ + bộc lộ cảm
xúc ( that )