Mệnh đề trạng ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn từ vựng chủ điểm nơi chốn từ vựng chủ điểm về ẩm thực và bài tập luyện tập giaoandethitienganh info

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228 TRANG

Adverbial Clause
(Mệnh Đề Trạng Ngữ)
1. Định nghĩa mênh đề trạng ngữ
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ là mệnh đề có chức năng ngữ pháp của một trạng ngữ (bổ nghĩa cho một
mệnh đề khác). Các mệnh đề trạng ngữ thường được gọi là mệnh đề phụ (là những mệnh đề
không diễn tả được một ý trọn vẹn và không thể đứng độc lập.)
Ví dụ:
When I finish studying, I will go abroad. (Khi tôi học xong, tôi sẽ ra nước ngoài.)
Nếu chỉ để mệnh đề trạng ngữ ‘When I finish studying’, thì câu sẽ không rõ nghĩa.
2. Phân loại mệnh đề trạng ngữ
2.1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng các từ:
Once (Một khi)
When (Khi)

Once you understand this problem, you will find no difficulty.
(Một khi bạn hiểu được vấn đề này, bạn sẽ không thấy nó khó
nữa.)
When she comes back, she will buy food.
(Khi cô ấy về, cô ấy sẽ mua thức ăn.)

As soon as (Ngay sau
khi)

As soon as I finish the homework, I will go to sleep.
(Ngay sau khi làm xong bài tập, tôi sẽ đi ngủ.)

While (Khi/Trong khi)

While I was in China, I went out a lot.
(Khi tôi ở Trung Quốc, tôi đi chơi rất nhiều.)

By the time (Tính cho
tới lúc)

By the time I came home, everyone had slept.
(Tính cho tới khi tôi về tới nhà, mọi người đã đi ngủ hết rồi.)

As (Khi)

Someone called me as I was taking bath.
(Ai đó đã gọi tôi khi tôi đang tắm.)

Since (Từ khi)

I have lived here since I was 10 years old.
(Tôi sống ở đây từ khi tôi 10 tuổi.)

Before (Trước khi)

She had known the truth before I told her.
(Cô ấy đã biết sự thật trước khi tôi nói cho cô ấy.)

After (Sau khi)

He came after the train had left.
(Anh ấy tới sau khi con tàu rời đi.)

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Till/Until (Cho tới khi)

I will stay here till/until he comes back.
(Tôi sẽ ở lại đây cho tới khi anh ấy quay lại.)

During + N/Ving (Trong suôt)

During my stay, I find him very naughty.
(Trong suốt thời gian tôi ở đây, tôi thấy cậu bé rất nghịch.)

Just as (Ngay khi)

Just as he entered the house, he saw a thief.
(Ngay khi bước vào nhà, anh ta nhìn thấy một tên trộm.)

Whenever (Bất cứ khi
nào)

Whenever you are free, we will practice speaking English.
(Bất cứ khi nào bạn rảnh, chúng ta sẽ thực hành nói Tiếng Anh.)

No sooner …. than ….
(Vừa mới…. thì đã…)

No sooner had he gone out than he came back.
(Anh ta vừa mới ra ngoài thì đã đi về.)

Hardly/Scarcely …
when ….
(Vừa mới …thì đã…)

Hardly/Scarcely had she had a shower when the phone rang.
(Cô ấy vừa mới đi tắm thì điện thoại reo.)

2.2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
Where (Ở đâu)
I like to go where you like.
(Anh sẽ đi nơi mà em muốn.)
Anywhere (Bất cứ đâu)

I do not like to go anywhere there is a swimming pool.
(Tôi không thích đi bất cứ nơi nào mà có bể bơi.)

Wherever (Bất cứ đâu)

You can sit wherever you like.
(Bạn có thể ngồi bất cứ chỗ nào bạn thích.)

Everywhere (tất cả mọi
nơi)

I want to shop everywhere there is sale.
(Tôi muốn mua hàng ở tất cả những nơi có giảm giá.)

2.3. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ cách thức
- As/ Just as: như là/ giống như là
Ví dụ:
He loves flowers as/just as women love. (Anh ấy thích hoa cũng như phụ nữ thích hoa vậy.)
- As if/As though: như thể là
+ Điều kiện có thật: As if/As though + S + V (hiện tại)
It looks as if/as though it is going to rain. (Trông như thể là trời sắp mưa.)
+ Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại: As if/As though + S + Were/V (quá khứ)
He dresses as if/as though it were in winter even in the summer.
(Anh ta mặc cứ như là mùa đông dù đang là mùa hè.)
+ Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ: As if/As though + S + had + PII
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He looked as if/as though he had collected the money.
(Anh ta nhìn cứ như thể là anh ta bắt được tiền.)
2.4. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân
- Because/Since/As: vì
Because/since/as he is tired, he stays at home. (Vì anh ấy mệt, anh ấy ở nhà.)
- Now that/ In that/Seeing that: vì rằng
Now that I am in a foreign country, I visit my home once a year.
(Vì rằng giờ tôi đang ở nước ngoài, tôi thăm nhà chỉ một lần một năm.)
- On account of the fact that/ because of the fact that/ due to the fact that: vì sự thật là/ vì
thực tế là
On account of the fact that his leg is broken, he cannot play football.
(Vì thực tế là chân anh ta bị gãy, anh ấy không thể chơi đá bóng.)
- For: vì
They cannot go out, for it rains heavily. (Họ không thể ra ngoài vì trời mưa to.)
2.5. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết qua

- So + Adj/Adv + that: quá ……đến nỗi mà…
So + many/much/ (a) few/ (a) little + N + that
Ví dụ:
- He is so intelligent that he can do all the difficult exercises. (Anh ấy giỏi tới mức mà anh ấy
có thể làm được tất cả những bài tập khó.)
- There are so many students that there are not enough chairs. (Có nhiều học sinh tới mức mà
không có đủ ghế để ngồi.)
- Such + (a/an) + Adj + N + that: quá ….đến nỗi mà…
It was such a cold day that I just want to stay at home. (Trời lạnh đến nỗi mà tôi chỉ muốn ở
nhà.)
- So: vì vậy
I do not have any money, so I cannot buy a television. (Tôi không có tiền vì vậy tôi không thể
mua được một cái ti vi.)
- Therefore/Consequently/As a result/As a consequence/With the result that: vì vậy
I got up late, with the result that I missed my bus. (Tôi dậy muộn vì vậy tôi bị lỡ xe buýt.)
+ Lưu ý: Với các trạng từ chỉ kết quả ‘Therefore/Consequently/As a result/ As a
consequence’, ta dùng giữa dấu chấm phẩy (;) và dấu phẩy (,) hoặc đứng đầu câu rồi dùng
dấy phẩy (,).
She is not a good student; therefore, she cannot get good marks. (Cô ấy không phải học sinh
giỏi vì vậy có ấy không có nhiều điểm tốt.)
2.6. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích
- So that/ in order that/ in case/ for fear that: để mà, trong trường hợp, phòng khi
He learns English so that he can get a better job. (Anh ấy học Tiếng Anh để mà anh ấy có thể
kiếm được công việc tốt.)
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+ Lưu ý: Nếu chủ ngữ của cả hai mệnh đề giống nhau, ta có thể giản lược:
So as (not) to/In order (not) to/ (not) to + V
Ví dụ:

- He works hard so that he can buy a new house.
= He works hard so as to/in order to/to buy a new house.
(Anh ấy làm việc chăm chỉ để mà anh ấy có thể mua được một ngôi nhà mới.)
- You had better take an umbrella in case it might rain.
(Cậu nên cầm theo 1 chiếc ô phòng khi trời có thể mưa.)
2.7. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bô
- Though/Even though/ Although: mặc dù
Although he is tired, he goes to work. (Mặc dù anh ấy mệt, anh ấy vẫn đi làm.)
Although she is a beautiful girl, no one loves her.
(Mặc dù cô ấy rất xinh, không ai yêu cô ấy.)
- In spite of the fact that /In spite of + V-ing/N: mặc dù
In spite of the fact that his leg is broken, he goes out. (Mặc dù chân anh ấy bị gãy, anh ấy vẫn
đi chơi.)
- Despite the fact that/ Despite of + V-ing/N: mặc dù
Despite of the fact that it is raining, they play soccer. (Mặc dù trời mưa, họ vẫn đá bóng.)
- Adj/Adv + As/Though + S + V: mặc dù
Carefully as/though he drives, he has an accident. (Mặc dù anh ta lái xe cẩn thận, anh ấy vẫn
gặp tai nạn.)
- No matter + what/who/when/where/why/how (+adj/adv) + S + V: mặc dù, bất kể
Whatever/ whoever/ whenever/ wherever/ however + S + V: mặc dù, bất kể
- No matter who you are, I love you. (Cho dù em là ai, anh cũng vẫn yêu em.)
- Whatever you said, I believe you. (Cho dù em nói gì, anh cũng tin em.)
2.8. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự tương phan
- While/ Whereas: trong khi
Many people like pork, while/whereas others do not. (Có rất nhiều người thích thịt lợn trong
khi nhiều người lại không.)
2.9. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự so sánh
- So sánh bằng: As + adj/adv + as
He is as tall as his brother. (Anh ấy cao như anh trai anh ấy.)
- So sánh hơn kém:

+ Tính từ ngắn: short Adj/Adv + er + than
Today is colder than yesterday. (Hôm nay lạnh hơn hôm qua.)
+Tính từ dài: more/less + long Adj/Adv + than
This watch is more expensive than that one. (Chiếc đồng hồ này đắt hơn chiếc đồng hồ kia)
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- So sánh hơn nhất: the most/least + Adj/Adv
My father drives the most carefully in my family. (Bố tôi lái xe cẩn thận nhất trong gia đình tôi)
2.10. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điểu kiện
Bắt đầu bằng: if, unless, as/so long as
Ví dụ:
- If you don’t come, I will go without you. (Nếu bạn không đến, tôi sẽ đi.)
- Unless you learn hard, you can’t pass your exam. (Nếu bạn không học chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ
không vượt qua kì thi được.)
- As long as you are hardworking, you will finish it. (Miễn là bạn chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ hoàn thành
nó.)
VÍ DỤ MỞ RỘNG
Ví dụ 1 : When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
(Khi tôi đến anh ấy đang gọi điện thoại.)
She was cooking while I was doing my homework.
(Cô ấy nấu ăn trong khi tôi đang làm bài tập.)
Before you go home, remember to turn off the air-conditioner.
(Trước khi về nhà nhớ tắt máy điều hòa nhiệt độ.)
Ví dụ 2 : I’ll drink a cup of coffe before I leave. (NOT … before I’ll leave)
Ví dụ 3 : Wherever you go, I am behind you.
(Bạn đi bất cứ đâu tôi cũng theo sau bạn.)
Sometimes, he drops by where I am staying.
(Thỉnh thoảng anh ấy ghé qua chỗ tôi ở.)
Ví dụ 4 : As we forgot to take the map, we got lost.

(Vì chúng tôi quên mang theo bản đồ nên chúng tôi bị lạc.)
Because he was seriously ill, they took him to hospital.
(Vì ông ấy bệnh nặng nên họ đưa ông ấy đi viện.)
[NOT Because he was serious ill, so they took him to hospital.]
because of / due to / owing to + noun / pronoun / gerund phrase
Ví dụ 5 : Due to the bad weather, the match was cancelled.
(Do thời tiết xấu nên trận đấu bị hủy bỏ.)
I stayed at home because of feeling unwell.
(Tôi ở nhà vì thấy không được khỏe.)
Ví dụ 6 : John shook, for he was scared. (John run vì anh ấy sợ.)
Ví dụ 7 : Although the course was difficult, he passed with the highest
marks.
(Dù khóa học rất khó nhưng anh ấy vẫn đậu điểm cao nhất.)
[NOT Although the course was difficult, but he passed with …]
I’d quite like to go out, though it is a bit late.
(Tôi rất muốn đi chơi dù đã hơi khuya.)
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Ví dụ 8 : The airport is being built despite the residents’ objection.
(Bất chấp sự phản đối của cư dân, sân bay vẫn đang được xây.)
In spite of working hard, she failed her university exams again.
Ví dụ 9 : No matter what you do, don’t touch this switch.
(Bất kể bạn làm gì đi nữa thì cũng không được chạm vào nút này.)
Rich as / though he is, he is unhappy.
(Dù rất giàu, ông ta vẫn không hạnh phúc.)
Ví dụ 10 : He could not come as he promised. (Anh ấy không thể đến như
đã hứa.)
It looks as if / as though it’s going to rain. (Trời trông như
thể sắp mưa.)

Ví dụ 11 : She dresses as if she was an actress. (Cô ấy ăn mặc như thể cô
ấy là diễn viên)
=> but she isn’t an actress
He talks as though he knew where she was.
(Anh ấy nói như thể anh ấy biết cô ta ở đâu.) => but he doesn’t know
Ví dụ 12 : She dresses as if she were an actress.
Ví dụ 13 : He talked about New York as though he had been there before.
(Anh ta kể về New York như thể anh ta đã ở đó trước đây.)
Ví dụ 14 : He was so tired that he had to stop working.
(Anh ấy mệt đến nỗi phải ngừng làm việc.)
Ví dụ 15 : So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off.
(Cơn bão khủng khiếp đến nỗi tất cả các mái nhà bị cuốn bay.)
Ví dụ 16 : She has so few friends that she often feels sad and lonely.
(Cô ấy có ít bạn bè đến nỗi cô ấy thường thấy buồn và cô đơn.)
He drank so much wine that he felt sick.
(Anh ấy uống nhiều rượu đến nỗi cảm thấy buồn nôn.)
Ví dụ 17 : It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
(Trời nóng đến nỗi mà chúng tôi quyết định ở nhà không đi đâu cả.)
Ví dụ 18 : It was such an interesting novel that I have read it three times.
(Quyển sách hay đến nỗi tôi đã đọc ba lần.)
It was such good milk that we couldn’t stop drinking it.
(Sữa ngon đến nỗi chúng tôi không thể ngừng uống.)
Ví dụ 19 : She got up early so that / in order that she would not miss the
bus.
(Cô ấy dạy sớm để không trễ xe buýt.)
Ví dụ 20 : I’m going to Australia to learn German.
(Tôi sẽ đi Áo để học tiếng Đức.)
She got up early so as / in order not to miss the bus.
(Cô ấy dạy sớm để không trễ xe buýt.)
Ví dụ 21 : If you do not work harder, you will not succeed.

Unless you work harder, you will not succeed.

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(Nếu bạn không làm việc chăm chỉ hơn, bạn sẽ không thành
công.)
Ví dụ 22 : Is it as good as you expected?
(Nó có tốt như bạn mong đợi không?)
It’s colder today than it was yesterday.
(Hôm nay trời lạnh hơn hôm qua.)

CÁC TỪ (CỤM TỪ) DIỄN TẢ SỐ LƯỢNG (EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY)

* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT
1.Some/Any
Cả some và any đều được dùng để chỉ một số lượng không xác định khi không thể hay
không cần phải nêu rõ số lượng chính xác
*Some: một ít, một vài
* “Some” thường được đặt trong câu khẳng định, trước danh từ đếm được (số nhiều) hoặc
danh từ không đếm được.
EX: I want some milk. –
I need some eggs.
* Đôi khi “some” được dùng trong câu hỏi (khi chúng t among chờ câu trả lời là YES. Hoặc
được dùng trong câu yêu cầu, lời mời hoặc lời đề nghị.
EX: Did you buy some oranges?
Would you like some more coffee?
May I go out for some drink?
2. Any: một ít, một vài
* “Any” thường đặt trước danh từ đếm được (số nhiều) hoặc danh từ không đếm được trong

câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn.
EX: Do you want any sugar?
She didn’t see any boys in her class.
* “Any” được dùng trong mệnh đề khẳng định, trước danh từ số ít (đếm được hoặc không
đếm được) hoặc sau các từ có nghĩa phủ định (never, hardly, scarely, without….)
EX:

I’m free all day. Come and see me any time you like.
He’s lazy. He never does any work
If there are any letters for me, can you send them on to this address?
If you need any more money, please let me know.

Notes:
– Khi danh từ đã được xác định, chúng ta có thể dùng some và any không có danh từ theo
sau
EX:
or

Tim wanted some milk, but he couldn’t find any.
If you have no stamps, I will give you some.

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-Các đại từ (something, anything, someone, anyone, somebody, anybody,
somewhere, anywhere…) được dùng tương tự như cách dùng some, any
EX: I don’t see anything on the table.
Or

Is there anybody in your house now?

Or I want to do something to help you.
3. Much, many, a great deal of, a large number of, a lot of, lots of…
With countable nouns
With uncountable nouns
– many
– much
– a large number of

– a large amount of

– a great number of

– a great deal of

– plenty of

– plenty of

– a lot of

– a lot of

– lots of

– lots of

EX:
I don’t have much time for night clubs.
There are so many people here that I feel tired.

She has got a great deal of homework today.
Did you spend much money for the beautiful cars?
There’s plenty of milk in the fridge.
There are plenty of eggs in the fridge.
A large number of students in this school are good.
I saw lots of flowers in the garden yesterday.
A large amount of air pollution comes from industry.
– Theo nguyên tắc chung, chúng ta dùng many, much trong câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn
và dùng a lot of, lots of trong câu khẳng định.
EX:
Do you know many people here?
Or
We didn’t spend much money for Christmas presents. But we spent a lot of money for
the party
Tuy nhiên trong lối văn trang trọng, đôi khi chúng ta có thể dùng many và much trong câu
xác định. Và trong lối nói thân mật, a lot of cũng có thể dùng được trong câu phủ định và
nghi vấn
Ex:
Many students have financial problem
There was much bad driving on the road
I don’t have many/ a lot of friends
Do you eat much/ a lot of fruit?
– Notes:
-Khi trong câu xác định có các từ “very, too, so, as.” thì phải dùng “Much,
Many”. (Không được dùng a lot of, lots of, plenty of)
EX: There is too much bad news on TV tonight.
There are too many mistakes in your writing.
There are so many people here that I feel tired.
Very much thường được dùng trong câu khẳng định như một trạng từ, chứ không phải là
từ hạn định

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I very much enjoy travelling.
Or
Thank you very much
Many of, much of + determiner/ pronoun
Ex:
I won’t pass the exam; I’ve missed many of my lessons.
You can’t see much of a country in a week.
III.Few, A few, Little, A little:
1.
Few/ A few: dùng trước các danh từ đếm được số nhiều.
* FEW: rất ít, hầu như không có (chỉ số lượng rất ít, không nhiều như mong muốn,
thường có nghĩa phủ định)
EX: I don’t want to take the trip to Hue because I have few friends there.
They hardly find a job because there are few jobs.
* A few: Một vài, một ít
EX: There are a few empty seats here.
You can see a few houses on the hill.
2.
Little/ A little: dùng trước các danh từ không đếm được.
* Little: rất ít, hầu như không có (thường có nghĩa phủ định)
EX: I have very little time for reading.
We had little rain all summer.
* A little: một ít, một chút (thường có nghĩa khẳng định )
EX: I need a little help to move these books.
Would you like a little salt on your vegetables?
NOTES:
– Only a little và only a few có nghĩa phủ định

Ex:

Ex:

We must be quick. We’ve got only a little time (only a little = not much)
Only a few customers have come in (only a few = not many)

– (a) little of/ (a) few of + determiner/ pronoun
Ex:
Only a few of the children in this class like math
Could I try a little of your wine?
1.
All, most, some, no, all of, most of, some of, none of:
1.All (tất cả), most (phần lớn, đa số), some (một vài), no (không), được dùng như từ hạn
định (determiner):
All/ most/ some/ no (+ adj) + plural noun/ uncountable
noun
Ex:
All children are fond of candy.
Or
Most cheese is made from cow’s milk
There are no rooms available
Or
All classical music sends me to sleep
All of, most of, some of, none of: được dùng trước các từ hạn định (a, an, the,
my, his, this, …) và các đại từ
Ex:
Some of those people are very friendly.
Or

Most of her friends live abroad.

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NOTES:
– Chúng ta có thể bỏ of sau all hoặc half khi of đứng trước từ hạn định (không được bỏ of khi
of đứng trước đại từ
All (of) my friends live in London. But all of them have been to the meeting
Half (of) this money is mine, and half of it is yours
Chúng ta thường không dùng of khi không có từ hạn định (mạo từ hoặc từ sở
hữu) đứng trước danh từ. Tuy nhiên trong một vài trường hợp most of cũng có thể
được dùng mà không có từ hạn định theo sau, ví dụ như trước các tên riêng và địa
danh.
Ex:
The Romans conquered most of England
Các cụm danh từ đứng sau all of, most of, some of,… thường xác định (phải
có the, these, those,… hoặc các tính từ sở hữu)
Ex: Most of the boys in my class want to choose well-paid job
Chúng ta có thể bỏ danh từ sau all, most, some, none nếu nghĩa đã rõ ràng
Ex: I wanted some cake, but there was none left.
Or
The band sang a few songs. Most were old ones, but some were new.
Every, each
Thường được dùng trước danh từ đếm được ở số ít
Ex:
•

•

•

Ex:
The police questioned every/ each person in the building.
Or
Every/ each room has a number
Trong nhiều trường hợp, every và each có thể được dùng với nghĩa tương tự nhau
Ex:
You look more beautiful each/ every time I see you
Tuy nhiên every và each vẫn có sự khác biệt nhau về nghĩa
Every (mỗi, mọi)
Chúng ta dùng every khi chúng ta nghĩ về người hoặc vật như một tổng thể hoặc một nhóm
(cùng nghĩa với all)
Ex:
Every guest watched as the President came in.
Or
I go for a walk every day
Every có thể được dùng để nói về ba hoặc nhiều hơn ba người hoặc vật, thường là một số
lượng lớn
Ex:
There were cars parked along every street in town
Each (mỗi)
Chúng ta dùng each khi chúng ta nghĩ về người hoặc vật một cách riêng rẽ, từng người hoặc
từng vật trong một nhóm
Ex:
Each day seemed to pass very slowly
Each có thể được dùng để nói về hai hoặc nhiều hơn hai, thường là một nhóm nhỏ người
hoặc vật
Ex:
There are four books on the table. Each book was a different colour

Each có thể được dùng một mình hoặc dùng với of (each of + determiner/ pronoun)
Ex:
There are six flats. Each has its own entrance.
Or
Each of the house has a backyard

Bài t ập m ệnh đề tr ạng ng ữ
Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
a, I have studied English ___ I was 10 years old. (Đáp án: Since)
1.
Because
2.
when
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3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Since
As
b, ____ I finish studying, I will go abroad. (Đáp án: When)
As
As if
When
Where
c, _____she finishs the homework, she will go to sleep. ( Đáp án: As soon as)
As soon as
As if
When
Seeing that
d, Someone called me ___ I was taking bath. (Đáp án: As)
Where
When
As
So that

e, ____ she got married, Marry changed completely. ( Đáp án: After)
Before
After
When
So
f, The Lilas will move to a new flat ____ the baby is born ( đáp án: when)
Where
Since
Because of
When
g, ______ she came back Japan, she went to office. (Đáp án Just as)
While
When
Just as
by the time
Bài 2: Bài tập về mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ kết qua
a, She is _____ (so/such) intelligent that she can do all the difficult exercises. (Đáp án: So)
b, The road is ______ (so/such) stuck that we can’t move. (Đáp án: So)
c, She is not a good student; _______(therefore/because), she cannot get good marks (Đáp
án therefore)
d, It was ____ (So/such) a cold day that I just want to stay at home. (Đáp án Such)
e, There are _____(so/such) many people in the room that there are not enough chairs (Đáp
án: So)
Bài 3: Bài tập trắc nghiệm rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ng ữ
1. ___ she always did well on his English tests, her parents were
not surprised that she got on an A (Đáp án B)
a. When b. Since c. Although d. While

2.___ his father has high blood pressure, he has to watch what he eats. ( Đáp án B)
a. Before b. Because c. As long as d. In order that

Giaoandethitienganh.info


3.___he could not ruin the carpet, he took off his shoes. ( Đáp án A)
a. So that b. In order to c. Due to d. Thanks to

4.___ I have finished my studying in law, I intend to work abroad. ( Đáp án B)
a. Before b. After c. Until d. Wherever

5.___I will keep learning Vietnamese____ I am upper intermediate. ( Đáp án B)
a. as soon as b. until c. everywhere d. once

6.Since June Day is a holiday,____ have to go to work. (Đáp án B)
a. so we do not b. we do not c. as a result,we do not d. thus, we do not
7.She went back to Korean___ to take care of some business in his
company. (đáp án D)
a. and she needed b. because she need c. which she needed d. because she needed

8.___is important since most professional jobs require writing skills ( Đáp án B)
a. Learn how to write b. Learning how to write c. Learning how write d. Learning how to write it is

Bài 2

1) I haven’t seen Mike………he gave me his calculator.
A. since

B. for

C. until

D. before

2) …….it is raining, he still waits for her.
A. If

B. Unless

C. Although

D. After

3) ………John has a headache, he has to take an aspirin.
A. So

B. As long as

C. In order to

D. Because

C. while

D. since

4) She had left…….we came.
A. when

B. by the time

5) I moved to the first row……I could see better.
A. such

B. so

C. so that

D. such that

6) He works hard………help his wife.
A. in order that

B. in order to

C. so as that

D. so that

7) Look! She is wearing beautiful dress.
Yup. She always wears……clothes.
A. such lovely

B. so lovely

C. such a lovely

D. as lovely as

8) ……..rain or snow, there are always many people at this concert.
Giaoandethitienganh.info

A. although

B. since

C. despite

D. despite of

9) I never bring along rain coat…….it’s raining heavily.
A. unless

B. if

C. therfore

D. so as to

10) I got a new watch……I could do the exam on time.
A. although

B. till

C. since

D. so that

Đáp án:
1) A

2) C

3) D

4) B

5) C

6) B

7) A

8) C

9) A

10) D

Bai 3
Choose the best answer:
1.________ having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin
was not offered the job.
A. Although
B. While
C. In spite of
D. Despite of
2. ________ the internet is very popular, many older people do not know
how to use it.
A. However

B. Nevertheless
C. Even though
D. Despite
3. _________ he wasn’t feeling very well, David was determined to take
part in the inter-university athletics meet.
A. Although
B. While
C. Where as
D. yet
4. __________ what Megan prepared for the job interview, she didn’t pass
it.
A. Despite of
B. In spite of
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C. Though
D. However
5. Bruce was not praised_________ he was a hard worker.
A. despite
B. in spite of
C. although
D. no matter how
6. It looks like they are going to succeed_________ their present
difficulties.
A. despite
B. although
C. in spite
D. even though
7. Mary usually goes to parties. She likes meeting people and crowded

places ________she is rather shy.
A. In spite of
B. Even though
C. On the contrary
D. In other words
8. Ann: Have you decided to get the job?
Terry: Yes, I’ve just decided. I’ll accept that job_________ it is not
suitable with my major. It is not an interesting job, ________ the salary is
very good.
A. although / but
B. despite / and
C. but / though
D. yet / however
9. ________, he has continued to work on his thesis.
A. Although all these problems
B. Even though there are problems
C. Despite of all these problems
D. In spite of there are problems
10. In spite of ____________, he was determined to finish his work.
A. was seriously ill.
B. be seriously ill
C. his serious illness
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D. he was seriously ill
11. _______ some German and British management styles are similar, there
are many differences between them.
A. In spite
B. In spite of

C. although
D. Despite
12. I could not eat _______ I was very hungry.
A. even though
B. in spite
C. despite
D. despite of
13. In spite _______, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. the rain
B. of the rain
B. it was raining
D. there was a rain
14. _______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite
B. In spite of
C. Despite
D. Although
15. _______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired
B. Although to be tired
C. In spite being tired
D. Despite tired
16. The children slept well despite _______.
A. it was noise
B. the noise
C. of the noise
D. noisy
17. She left him _______ she still loved him.
A. even if
B. even though

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C. in spite of
D. despite
18. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. In spite
B. Even though
C. In spite of
D. Despite of
19. _______ they are brothers, they do not look alike.
A. Although
B. Even
C. Despite
D. In spite of
20. Our new neighbors are quite nice _______ they are sometimes
talkative.
A. despite
B. in spite of
C. though
D. as though
21. _______ of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the
mountain.
A. In spite
B. Despite
C. But
D. Although
22. _____________, he could not finish the job.
A. As hard as he work
B. Despite he worked hard

C. Though he worked hard
D. Although hard work
23. He went to work _____________ his headache.
A. despite
B. although
C. because
D. because of
24. Despite the fact that _______, we enjoyed our trip.
A. the weather is bad
Giaoandethitienganh.info


B. it is a bad weather
C. the bad weather
D. the weather was bad
25. Julie failed the exam _______ of working very hard.
A. despite
B. in spite
C. even if
D. though
26. Tom went to work despite _______.
A. that he did not feel very well
B. of the fact not feeling well
C. he did not feel very well
D. not feeling very well
27. Though _______, they are good friends.
A. their sometimes quarrel
B. to have a quarrel sometimes
C. they sometimes have a quarrel
D. of having a quarrel sometimes

28. Despite _______, we arrived on time.
A. the traffic
B. of the traffic
C. there was heavy traffic
D. of there was heavy traffic
29. ___________it was very cold, she did not put on her coat.
A. In case
B. But
C. Even if
D. Although
30. __________ rain or snow, there are always more than fifty thousand fans
at the football games.
A. Despite
B. Although
C. Despite of
D. Although
31. __________it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.
Giaoandethitienganh.info


A. If
B. Since
C. Although
D. Because
32. We understood him __________ he spoke very fast.
A. because of
B. though
C. in spite of
D. despite
33. _________ all my warnings, he tried to fix the computer himself.

A. Because
B. Because of
C. Although
D. In spite of
34. Hans finished school __________ his leg injury.
A. because of
B. despite
C. though
D. because
35. I try to do my homework ___________ the noise
A. because of
B. although
C. despite of
D. in spite of
36. ___________ it rained heavily, we enjoyed our holiday.
A. Because of
B. Because
C. Despite
D. Though
37. ___________ having little money, they are happy.
A. Despite
B. Because of
C. Although
D. Because
38. ____________ she was not well, she still went to work.
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A. Because
B. Because of

C. Although
D. In spite of
39. We are going to have a picnic _____________ the bad weather.
A. because
B. despite
C. although
D. because of
40. __________ his physical handicap, he has become a successful
businessman.
A. Because of
B. Because
C. Though
D. Despite
41. Although the sun was shining, __________.
A. it wasn’t very hot
B. it was very hot
C. yet it was very hot
D. but it was very hot
42. Nowadays, the divorce rate is higher than it used to be________ young
people are allowed to decide on their marriage.
A. despite
B. but
C. even though
D. in spite of
43. _________ his poor health, Mr. Brown still works hard to support his
family.
A. Despite of
B. Despite
C. Although
D. Because of

44. I gave up the job ________ the attractive salary.
A. because
B. because of
C. although
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D. despite
45. _________ my father is old, he still goes jogging.
A. Although
B. Because
C. So that
D. Despite
Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1.In spite her severe pain, she tried to walk to the auditorium to
attend the lecture.
A
B
C
D
2. Despite of growing industrial activity, the majority of the American
people continued
A
B
C
3. to make their living from farming until the beginning of the twentieth
century.
D
4. Although our grandfather was old but he could help us.
A

B
C
D
5. He tried to explain, so she refused to listen.
A
B
C
D
6. He decided not to get that job in spite of the salary was low.
A
B
C D
7. Although the bad traffic, I managed to arrive at the meeting on time.
A
B
C
D
8. In spite of my father is old, he still goes to work.
A
B
C
D
9. Though he loves her very much, but he can’t talk to her.
A
B
C
D
10. She always behaves childishly despite she has grown up.
A
B

C
D
11. Although the rise in unemployment, people still seem to
be spending more.
A
B
C
D
12. Despite he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
A
B
C
D
13. Although the time of the year, yesterday’s temperature was
hot enough to turn on the
A
B
C
air conditioning.
Giaoandethitienganh.info

D


14. In spite of the quantity was small, we had enough supplies to
finish the experiment.
A
B
C
D

15. However she looks very young, she is twice as old as my-twenty-year
old sister.
A
B
C
D
16. Despite of his smiling face, the second place contestant
is sadder than the winner.
A
B
C
D
17. Gold was one of the first to be discovered despite it is one of
the rarest metals.
A
B
C
D
18. Polar bears rarely kill people in spite they hunt other animals.
A
B
C
D
19. Even though the extremely bad weather in the mountain, the
climbers decided not to
A
B

C

cancel their climb.
D
20. Although the harm of smoking, smokers can’t get rid it.
A
B
C
D
Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.
1.We stayed in that hotel despite the noise.
A. Despite the hotel is noisy, we stayed there.
B. We stayed in the noisy hotel and we liked it.
C. Although the hotel was noisy, we stayed there.
D. Because of the noise, we stayed in the hotel.
2. Young as he is, he has a big fortune.
A. Although he is young, he has a big fortune.
B. He has a big fortune because he is young.
C. e is not only young but also has a big fortune.
D. When he is young, he has a big fortune.
3. Despite the bad weather, people travel by air.
A. Even though the weather is bad, people travel by air.
B. Because the weather is bad, people travel by air.
C. In spite of people travel by air, the weather is bad.
D. Although the bad weather, people travel by air.
4. Although his leg was hurt, he managed to drive a car.
A. His leg was hurt. However, he managed to drive a car.
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B. his leg was hurt. But he managed to drive a car.
C. Despite his hurt leg, he managed to drive a car.

D. In spite of the fact that his hurt leg, he managed to drive a car.
5. He was very tired but he kept on working.
A. Despite he was very tired, he kept on working.
B. In spite of he was very tired, he kept on working.
C. Though his tiredness, he kept on working.
D. Although he was very tired, he kept on working.
6. Although she was very old, she looked very grateful.
A. Despite she was very old, she looked very grateful.
B. Despite her old age, she looked very grateful.
C. In spite of very old, she looked very grateful.
D. In spite her being old, she looked very grateful.
II.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASON
I/ Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each
sentence.
1.he is tired, he can’t work longer.
A. Because
B. Even though
C. Although
D. Besides
2. it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.
A. If
B. Since
C. Although
D. Because
3. it was late, we decided to take a taxi home.
A. Because
B. Since
C. Because of
D. Although
4. you subtract 7 from 12, you will have 5.

A. Because
B. If
C. Though
D. As
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5. We couldn’t reach the house the road was flooded.
A. because
B. because of
C. if
D. though
6. he has a headache, he has to take an aspirin.
A. Because
B. Because of
C. Although
D. In spite of
7. The flight had to be delayed the bad weather.
A. because
B. Because of
C. despite
D. when
8. he comes to the theater with me, I shall go alone.
A. Because of
B. Because
C. Unless
D. When
9. Take a map with you you lose your way.
A. so
B. because

C. although
D. in case
10. rain or snow, there are always more than fifty thousand fans at the
football games.
A. Even though
B. Because
C. Despite
D. Because of
11. his illness, he had to cancel the appointment.
A. However
B. Despite
C. If
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D. Because of
12. Minh had a terrible headache. , he went to school.
A. However
B. But
C. Although
D. Because
13. Tom has a bike, he always walks to school.
A. but
B. because of
C. because
D. despite
14. My sister will take the plane she dislikes flying.
A. because
B. so that
C. although

D. before
15. We decided to leave the party early it was boring.
A. due to
B. because
C. but
D. and
16. The students arrived late the traffic jam.
A. because
B. owing to
C. despite
D. so
17. he missed the first bus, he came ten minutes late.
A. Since
B. Although
C. However
D. Therefore
18. his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
A. In spite of
B. Because of
C. If
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D. Although
19. It was difficult to deliver the letter the sender had written the wrong
address on the envelope.
A. though
B. but
C. so
D. because

20. it rained heavily, I went to school on time.
A. However
B. But
C. Although
D. Because
21. He didn’t answer the questions correctly _______.
A. although he isn’t intelligent
B. because he is intelligent
C. in spite of his intelligence
D. despite his intelligent
22. ______, I can’t hear what he is saying.
A. Because of the noise
B. Because of the soft music
C. Though the music is noise
D. In spite of the noise music
23. _____, I feel very refresh.
A. Because I work very hard
B. Although I get up early
C. Because of getting up early
D. Despite getting up late
24. They live happily ______.
A. because they have no money
B. though they are rich
C. in spite of their poverty
D. because of their poor
25. He can’t join in the volunteer campaign _______.
A. although he is busy
B. because he hurts his legs
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