Tìm hiểu nhu cầu giáo dục tiếng mẹ đẻ của các dân tộc thiểu số ở Malaysia

BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO
DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
TRL/CJNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN

LE MINH HA

TIM fflEU NHU CAU GIAO DUC
TIENG ME DE CUA CAC DAN TOC THIEU SO
d MALAYSIA

LUAN VAN THAC SI NGON NGlT HOC

Chuydn nganh: Ngon ngff cac dan toe Dong Nam A
Ma so: 5.04.25

Hl/CfNG D A N KHOA HOC
Pho Gido sii-Tien si
TRAN TRI DOT

NGUCJI

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HA NOI, 2003

\i-vL\An

Ldl CAM ON

Toi xin bay to long cam an sdu sac tdi Pho Gido sK-Tien sT Trdn Tri Doi da
tan tinh giiip dd vd dong gop nhieu y kien quy bdu cho ban ludn van cua toi. Toi
Cling xin chdn thdnh cam cfn gia dinh vd be ban dd dong vien, giup dd vd tqo mgi
dieu kien de toi hodn thdnh ban ludn van ndy.
Ban ludn van ndy chdc chdn khong trdnh khoi khiem khuyet, kinh mong quy
thdy CO vd doc gia lUdng thii, dong thdi chi ra nhQng thieu sot can khac phuc de
nhOng cong trinh nghien cvtu sau ndy dKcfc thUc hien tot hcfn.


MUC LUC
Trang
MUC LUC
BANG KE N H C N G C H O VIET TAT
PHAN Md DAU
Chtfdng I: NHLfNG VAN DE CHUNG VE CHINH SACH NGON N G O
CUA MALAYSIA
I. Khai quat ve tinh hinh kinh te-xa hoi d Malaysia sau khi gianh doc lap
(1957) den nay
1) Malaysia la quoc gia da dan toe, da ngon ngff
2) Tinh hinh kinh te-xa hoi d Malaysia tff 1957 den nay
II. Chinh sach Ngon ngff cua Malaysia
1) Tieng Melayu trS thanh Ngon ngff Quoc gia
a) Chinh sach Giao due Quoc gia va mot so chinh sach xa hoi
khac h5 trd cho ngon ngff quo^c gia
b) Chinh sach Ngon ngff Quoc gia difdc tien hanh tffng bffcfe,
than trong va khon kheo

c) Tieng Melayu diTdc md rong chffc nang xa hoi va pham vi siJ dung
2) Moi quan he giffa Ngon ngff Quoc gia va ngon ngff cac dan toe khac
3) Moi quan he giffa Ngon ngff Quoc gia va tieng Anh
Chrftfng II: TINH HINH GIANG DAY N H O N G NGON N G O DA SO
Cf MALAYSIA
I. Tie'ng Melayu vdi tuf each la ngon ngff quoc gia
1) Ngon ngff siJ dung trong cac ITnh viTc kiem soat cua dat nifde
va su* dung cf ca'p do chinh thffc
2) Ngon ngff giao tie'p giffa cac dan toe va cl cap do khong chinh thffe
II. Tieng Hoa
III. Tieng Tamil
IV. Tieng Anh
^
Chi/(/ng HI: TINH HINH GIANG DAY MOT VAI NGON N G 0 THIEU SO
6 MALAYSIA
L Kadazandusun
1) Cong dong Kadazandusun
2) Tieng Kadazandusun va tinh hinh giang day
3) Chuan hoa ngon ngff Kadazandusun
4) Cac van de va tu'dng lai cua giao due ngon ngff Kadazandusun
11. Iban
1) Cong dong Iban
2) Tie'ng Iban va tinh hinh giang day

1
5
5
5
9
12

13
14
16
18
19
22
26
26
26
29
33
38
44
52
52
52
53
54
55
57
57
57


3) Vai tro cua cac to chffc phi chinh phu trong viee phat trien tieng Iban
4) Cac van de va tufdng lai cua giao due ngon ngff Iban
IIl.Bidayuh
1) Cong dong Bidayuh
2) Tieng Bidayuh va tinh hinh giang day
3) Cac van de va tiTcfng lai cua giao due ngon ngff Bidayuh

IV.Murut
1) Cong dong Murut
2) Tieng Murut va tinh hinh giang day
V. OrangAsU
1) Ngifdi Orang Asli (tho dan)
2) Ngon ngff cua ngffdi Orang Asli va tinh hinh giang day
PHAN KET LUAN
T A I LIEU THAM K H A O CHINH
Phu luc 1: Dan so^theo toe ngiTdi - nam 2000 - Lien bang Malaysia
Phu luc 2: Thanh phan dan toe - Lien bang Malaysia
Phu luc 3: Cac ngon ngff d Malaysia
Phan Ban dao
Phan Sabah
Phan Sarawak
Phu luc 4: He tho^ng giao due quo'c gia Malaysia

59
60
61
61
62
64
65
65
66
70
70
71
75
81

85
87
89
89
92
97
102


BANG KE NHLfNG C H O VIET TAT

POL
H
L
SNN
DB
TGK
PN
SIL
DTDS

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Pupils' Own Languages - ngon ngff cua hoe sinh
Bien the phu'dng ngff cao
Bie'n the phu'dng ngff thap
Songirdinoi
Diabancfftru
Ten goi khac
Phu'dng ngff
Vien Ngon ngff hoc Mua he
Dieu tra dan so'


77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cita cac dan toe thieu so d Malaysia

PHAN Md DAU
L Tinh cap thie't cua de tai
Ngay nay, cac quo'c gia ddn ngff, ddn dan toe da trd thanh hien tu'dng hie'm hoi
tren the gidi. Qua trinh phan ra va sat nhap cac bo toe cung nhff lanh thd trong
lich sff, ehu nghia de quoc, Ian song di cU 6 at... da khien hau he't cac quoc gia
tren the gidi trcf thanh da ngff, da sac toe. Co chang sff khac nhau chi ve tinh chat
va mffe do. Trong do, Dong Nam A la khu vifc da ngff d mffe do cao.
Ngon ngff, nhff chung ta da biet, giff mot vi tri trung tam trong viee xac dinh va
nhan dien mot dan toe. No ra ddi eiing vdi viee hinh thanh dan toe va chi mat di
khi dan toe do bi diet vong hay bi dong hoa vao dan toe khac, danh mat di ban
sac cua minh. No luon luon la bieu tu'dng, niem tff hao va la "effu canh cuoi
Cling" trong viee eo gang giff gin ban sac cua mot dan toe. Bat ky hanh dong nao
lam phffdng hai den ngon ngff deu lam ton thffdng long i\X ai dan toe, va do la mot
trong nhieu ly do dan den nhffng xung dot sac toe dam mau trong Ijch suf ma ta da
tffng dffde biet. Ngon ngff, do do, luon luon la van de nhay cam d cac quoc gia da
dan toe.
Trong van de nay, viee giai quyet to't moi quan he giffa ngon ngff quoc gia,

ngon ngff nffdc ngoai (neu c6) va cac ngon ngff khac la tieng me de ciia nhffng
toe ngffdi dffde goi la thieu so' trd thanh nhiem vu v6 cung quan trong, can phai
dffde giai quyet mot each kheo leo, uyen chuyen vdi mue dich phat trien quoc gia
mot each toan dien va ben vffng. Dieu do dffde the hien d chinh sach ngon ngff
cua quoc gia, ma hien than cua no, cu the nha't d mot linh vffe, la chinh sach giao
due tieng me de cho cac dan toe thieu so.
Viet Nam va Malaysia khong nam ngoai tien trinh tren. Tuy khac nhau ve
hoan canh va each giai quyet van de, nhffng hai nffdc eiing cd chung mue dich
cung c6' khoi doan ke't toan dan va phat trien quoc gia vffng manh. Trong qua
trinh thffe hien, ben canh nhffng thanh cong, hai nffdc cung khong the tranh khoi
nhffng thieu sot nhat dinh. Malaysia la quoc gia da dan toe nhffng tinh chat phffc
tap hdn nhieu so vdi Viet Nam. Viee nghien cffu chinh sach ngon ngff do'i vdi cac
dan toe thieu so cua Malaysia vdi tinh each nffdc lang gieng gan gui ve mat dia ly
va lich sur se giiip cho Viet Nam cd mot kinh nghiem khu vffc, tff dd rut ra dffdc
nhffng bai hoc bd ich.


77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn iQc thieu so d Malaysia

H. Mue dich nghien cufu
Bdi canh, hien trang ngon ngff cua cac dan toe thieu so trong mot quo'c gia da
dan toe phong phu va da dang tuy thuoe vao vi tri dia ly, so Iffdng ngffdi ndi, tinh
hinh phat trien kinh te'-xa hoi va y thffe giff gin ban sac van hoa ciia dan toe do.
Dffng trffdc mue dich phat trien da't nffdc ben vffng nham nang cao ddi song kinh
te'-van hda cho cac dan toe thieu so' va xu the' phat trien da dang van hoa (trong
dd CO ngon ngff) cua the gidi, mdi quo'c gia phai dam bao quyen ngon ngff cua cac
cong dong va ca nhan cung nhff dieu kien kinh te' de thffe thi chung. Viee de ra
mot chinh sach ngon ngff thich hdp se la rat khd neu khong nghien cffu ky thffe
cha't nhu cau giao due tieng me de cua cac dan toe. Moi cd gang deu trd nen that
bai hay lang phi neu khong dap ffng nhu cau thffe te' cua nhffng dan toe thu hffdng

chinh sach.
Dd chinh la ly do de ngffdi viet chon de tai: "Tim hieu nhu cau giao due tieng
me de cua cac dan toe thieu so d Malaysia" cho luan van cao hoc cua minh.
Malaysia khong nhffng chi cd "dan toe thieu so it ngffdi" nhff d Viet Nam ma eon
cd ca "dan toe thieu so dong ngffdi" (Trung Hoa, A'n Do). Do dd, nhffng thanh
cong va that bai, cai tot va ehffa to't trong viee thffe hien chinh sach giao due ngon
ngff do'i vdi cac dan toe thieu so' d Malaysia se la mot kinh nghiem khu vffc cho
Viet Nam, tff dd gdp phan vao viee danh gia lai chinh sach giao due ngon ngff cua
Viet Nam do'i vdi vung dan toe thieu so^ von con dang gay nhieu bffe xuc.
III. DPI ttfrfng. pham vi nghien cuTu
1. Chinh sach ngon ngff cua quo'c gia bao gom nhieu bp phan hdp thanh nhff
hoach dinh dia vi, xay dffng ngon ngff, chinh sach giao due ngon ngff, chinh sach
truyen ba ngon ngff... Tuy nhien, do tinh chat cua de tai, chiing toi se chi tim hieu
sau ve chinh sach giao due ngon ngff cua nha nffdc Malaysia ddi vdi cac dan toe
thieu so. Qua dd, chung ta se hieu ro ve nhu cau giao due tieng me de cua chinh
cac dan toe ay.
2. Khai niem dan toe thieu so d day khong phai chi la it ngffdi ma dffdc diing
vdi y nghia do'i lap vdi dan toe chu the ndi ngon ngff quo'c gia. Do dd, khai niem
dan toe thieu so dffdc dung trong luan van cd the la dan toe thieu so' thffe sff thieu
so, tffc la "thieu so it ngffdi" va cung cd the la dan toe thieu so cd so dan dong
dao dffdc xep vao loai da so (Trung Hoa, An Do), tffc la "thieu sd dong ngffdi".
Chung toi dffa vao tieu chi phan loai cua A. H. Omar (tac gia nay lai dffa vao tieu


77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn toe thieu so or Malaysia

chi cua Ferguson 1971) de phan chia "thieu sd da sd" va "thieu sd thieu sd".
Theo tac gia [23;15], d Malaysia, nhffng ngon ngff cd it nha't mot trieu ngffdi ndi
cd the dffdc coi la ngon ngff chinh cua da't nffdc, eon it hdn sd dd dffdc coi la ngon
ngff thieu sd. CJ day, tieng Anh cung dffdc xep vao loai da sd, tuy no khong cd

cong dong ndi nang nhff mot dan toe nhffng lai dffdc sff dung rat rong rai. Viee
tdng hdp va phan tieh nhu cau giao due ngon ngff cua cac dan toe da sd chii ye'u
dffa vao ngudn tff lieu da cong bo' va mot sd quan sat cua chung toi. Tff lieu ve
cac dan toe thieu sd rat han che, nen chung toi chi cd the tim hieu dffdc 5 dan toe
lam dai dien la Kadazandusun, Iban, Bidayuh, Murut va Orang Asli.
3. Ddi vdi cong dong ngffdi Hoa, tuy tieng me de thuoe nhieu phffdng ngff
khac nhau cua Trung Qudc, nhffng ho deu coi tieng pho thong Trung Qudc nhff
tieng me de va "mu chff Hoa cd nghia la mat gdc" [12;162]. Do dd, viee giao due
tieng pho thong Trung Quo'c dffdc chung toi xem la viee giao due tie'ng me de ddi
vdi cong dong ngffdi Hoa d Malaysia.
4. Tuy mue dich cua luan van la tim hieu nhu cau giao due tie'ng me de cua
cac dan toe thieu so', nhffng nhu cau dd khong the ton tai ben ngoai mdi lien he
vdi cac nhu cau khac va chiu sif tac dong cua cac chinh sach khac. Do dd, tim
hieu ve vai trd va nhu cau tie'p nhan tie'ng Malay vdi tff each ngon ngff quo'c gia
va tie'ng Anh (ngon ngff thff hai quan trong nha't) cung la mot noi dung cua luan
van nay.
5. La mot bo phan quan trong cua ngon ngff hoc xa hoi, chinh sach ngon ngff
vffa mang tinh ngon ngff, vffa mang tinh xa hoi. Nhu cau tie'p nhan giao due ngon
ngff lai cang mang tinh xa hoi nhieu hdn. Chung khong the ton tai ben ngoai mdi
lien he vdi cac van de xa hoi khac. Do dd, chung toi danh ra mot phan chffdng
dau de ndi ve tinh hinh kinh te'-xa hoi cua Malaysia va d nhffng chffdng tie'p theo,
chiing toi cung tap trung phan tich mot so' khia canh chinh tri-xa hoi de tha'y ro
hdn tac dong cua cac nhan to' xa hoi khac do'i vdi ngon ngff, ma theo chiing toi, la
rat quan trong.
6. Dffa tren nhffng phan tieh ve chinh sach giao due ngon ngff va qua nhan
biet tinh hinh giao due ngon ngff, chung toi se rut ra ke't luan ve sff tffdng thich
giffa nhu cau giao due tie'ng me de cua cac dan toe thieu so' so vdi chinh sach
ngon ngff da de ra va danh gia tinh hieu qua cua chinh sach dd. Tff dd, so sanh sd
bo vdi chinh sach ngon ngff cua Viet Nam de nit ra bai hoe kinh nghiem.
7. Chiing toi se tien hanh nghien cffu nhu cau giao due tie'ng me de cua cac

dan toe thieu sd d Malaysia trong vong hai thap ky trd lai day, bat dau tff nam
1982. Sd di chiing toi chon mdc thdi gian nay vi 1982 la nam he thdng giao due

-3-


77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tQc thieu so d Malaysia

Malaysia da hoan toan dffdc tien hanh bang tieng Malaysia. Dd la ke't qua dau
tien cua Chinh sach Ngon ngff, va tff day, nhffng van de mdi bat dau nay sinh.
IV. Phrfdng phap nghien ciiTu
Chiing toi ap dung phffdng phap phan tich cua ngon ngff hoc xa hoi, thong qua
nhffng van de xa hoi ngon ngff de phan tich va danh gia chinh sach ngon ngff.
Cach lam nhff the thffe chat la dung phffdng phap quy nap.
V. Bo cue cua luan van
Ngoai phan Md dau va Ket luan, noi dung cua luan van dffdc chia thanh 3
chffdng nhff sau:
Chffdng I: Nhffng van de chung ve chinh sach ngon ngff cua Malaysia.
I. Khai quat ve tinh hinh kinh te'-xa hoi cua Malaysia sau khi gianh
doe lap (1957) den nay.
II. Chinh sach ngon ngff cua Malaysia: chinh sach giao due ngon
ngff.
Chffdng II: Tinh hinh giang day nhffng ngon ngff da sd d Malaysia.
I. Tie'ng Malay vdi tff each la ngon ngff quo'c gia
II. Tieng Anh vdi tff each la ngon ngff thff hai quan trong nha't
III. Tie'ng Hoa
IV. Tie'ng Tamil
Chffdng III: Tinh hinh giang day mot vai ngon ngff thieu sd d Malaysia.
I. Kadazandusng, Jahore, Negri Sembilan, Kuala Langat. TGK: Benua, Niap.
PN: Beduanda (Biduanda), Belanda (Belana, Blanda, Landa, Belanas, Belandas),

Berembun (Birmun), Mantra (Mentera, Mintra), Temuan, Udai. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan,
Aboriginal Malay.

TONGA

DB: Mui bac Kaki. TGK: Mos. PN: Satun. PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian,
North Aslian, Tonga.

[Nguon: Vien Ngon ngvt hoc Mija he]

•92-


71m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tgc thieu sd d Malaysia

CAC NGON NGtf d MALAYSLV (PHAN SABAH)
ABAI SUNGAI

SNN: 500 (1982 SIL). DB: Ha Imj song Kinabatangan. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Paitanic.

BAJAU, WEST COAST

SNN: 40,000 (1982), 97,124 Bajau va Sama d Sabah (DTDS 1980). DB: Kuala
Penyu den Kudat, vdng bac va dong, bd bien lay Sabah. TGK: Land Bajaw, West
Coast Bajao. PN: Kota Belud, Kawang, Putatan, Papar, Banggi, Sandakan Bajau,
Pitas Bajau. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Borneo Coast Bajaw.

BAN JAR

SNN: 900,000 d Sabah (1993). DB: Tawau. TGK: Banjarese, Bandjarese, Banjar
Malay. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic,
Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay.

BAUKAN

SNN: 1,800 den 2,100 hay hdn (1985 SIL). DB: Quan Keningau va Kinabatangan
gdn thifdng nguon song Sook va Kinabatangan. TGK: Baukan Murut. PN: Baukan
(Baokan, Bokan, Bookan, Boken, Bokun, Bukun, Bokon, Ulun-No-Bokon, Ulun-NoBokan, Pingas), Kokoroton Murut, Tengara (Tungara, Tingara, Tenggaraq, Tangara',
Tanggaraq, Kinabatangan Murut). PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic,
Northern.

BISAYA, SABAH

SNN: 10,000 to 12,000 (1985 SIL). DB: Bd bien bSc v^ quanh vinh Brunei, chu yeu
d tay Beaufort doc song Padas, nam Weston, va nam Kuala Penyu den bd bien.
TGK: Basaya, Besaya, Bisaia, Bisayah, Jilama Bawang, Jilama Sungai. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Sabahan, Dusunic, Bisaya.

BONGGI

SNN: 1,400 (1990 UBS). DB: Dao Banggi d Kudat, 15 lang. TGK: Banggi, Bangay,
Banggi Dusun. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Meso Philippine, Palawan©.

BRUNEI

SNN: 54,000 d Malaysia (46,500 d Sabah, 7,500 d Sarawak). DB: Thtfdng song
Balait va Tutau, bd bien bac, khu 4 va 5, Sarawak; Sabah d quan Beaufort, Kuala
Penyu, Labuan, Labuk-Sugut, Papar, Sipitang, Sandakan, va Tenom. TGK: BruneiKadaian, Orang Bukit. Pn: Brunei, Kadaian (Kadayan, Kadian, Kadien, Kadyan,
Karayan, Kedyan, Kedayan, Kedien, Kerayan). PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay.

BUGIS

TGK: Buginese. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Bugis.

CHAVACANO

DB: MQt lang d Semporna. PL: Creole, cd sd 1^ tieng TSy Ban Nha.

DUMPAS

SNN: 500 to 1,000 (1985 SIL). DB; Lang Perancangan d quan Labuk-Sugut. TGK:
Doompas. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Unclassified.

DUSUN. CENTRAL

SNN: 140,500 (1991 SIL), gom 50,000 Ranau (1989 UBS), 70,000 Bundu (1990
UBS), 500 Kuala Monsok Dusun (1981 Wurm va HaUori). DB: Beaufort, Kota
Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Kota Marudu, Kinabatangan, Keningau, Labuk-Sugut,
Penampang, Papar, Ranau, Tambunan, Tenom, Tuaran, va Tawau. TGK: Dusun,

•93-


Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd Malaysia

Dusan, Dusum, Dusur, Kadayan, Kedayan, Kadasan, Central Kadazan. PN: Dusun
SinuUhan (Sinulihan), Kadazan-Tagaro (Tagaro), Kiundu, Pahu', Sokid, Tindal,
Menggatal (Kiulu, Telipok), Ranau. Bundu (Taginambur), Beaufort, Luba, Kuala
Monsok Dusun. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan. Dusunic, Dusun, Central.
DUSUN, SUGUT

SNN: 8,000 to 9,000 (1985 SIL). DB: Thifdng nguon song Sugut, quan Labuk-Sugut.
TGK: Dusun, Sugut, Sugut Kadazan, Kadayan, Tanggal, Tilau-Ilau. PN: Tinagas,
Talantang. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, CenU-al.

DUSUN, TAMBUNAN

DB:Quan Tambunan va Keningau. TGK: Tambunan. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic,
Dusun, Central.

DUSUN, TEMPASUK

SNN: 6,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Quanh lang Tempasuk, Kota Belud. TGK:
Tindal, Kedamaian Dusun, Tampasuk, Tampassuk, Tampasok, Tempasok, PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, Central.

GANA

SNN: 2,000 (1985 SIL). DB: Minusut v^ Kuangoh, quan Keningau District doc song
Baiaya, mQt nh^nh song Pegalan River, bdc Keningau. TGK: Ganaq, Gana",
Minansut, Keningau Dusun. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun.

IDA'AN

SNN: 6,000 (1987 SIL), gom 1,500 Begahak. DB: Bd bien dong Sabah, Lahad Datu,
Kinabatangan, va Sandakan. TGK: Eraans, Bulud Upi, Idaan, Idahan, Idan, Idayan.
PN: Begak (Begahak, Bagahak), Subpan (Supan, Sungai), Ida'an. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan,
Ida'an.

ILANUN

SNN: 6,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: 17 l^ng quanh Lahad Datu va Kota Belud;
Kudat v^ Marudu. TGK: Illanun, Illanoan, lUanoon, Iranon Maranao, Iranum,
Iranun, Lanoon, Ylanos, Lanun, Illanos. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Philippine, Danao, Maranao-Iranon.

JAVANESE

SNN: 300,000 d Sabah (1981 Wurm va Hattori). TGK: Jawa. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Javanese.

KADAZAN, COASTAL

SNN: 60,000 (1986 SIL). DB: Bd bien tay Sabah, quan Penampang va Papar. TGK:
Penampang Kadazan, Papar Kadazan, Membakut Kadazan. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan,
Dusunic, Dusun.

KADAZAN, KLIAS
RIVER

SNN: 1,000 (1984 SIL). DB: song KUas, quan Beaufort. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic,
Dusun.

KADAZAN, LABUKKINABATANGAN

SNN: 21,000 den 24,000 gom 14,000 den 16,000 Labuk (1987 SIL), 7,000 den 8,000
Sungai (1982 SIL). DB: Dong bac Sabah, quan Sandakan, Labuk-Sugut, va
Kinabatangan. TGK: Eastern Kadazan, Labuk Kadazan, Sogilitan, Tindakon,
Tompulung. PN: Mangkaak (Mangkahak, Mangkok, Mangkak), Sukang, Labuk,
Lamag Sungai (Sungei). PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, Eastern.

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Tim hieu nhu edu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd

KALABAKAN

KENINGAU MURUT

Malaysia

SNN: 1,500 to 2,000 (1989 SIL). DB: quan Tawau dpc song Kalabakan. TGK:
Kalabakan Murut, Tawau Murut, Tidung. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest. North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic,
Tidong.
SNN: 4,000 den 5,200 (1982 SIL), g6m 1,000 den 1,200 Dusun Murut (1985 SIL).
34,282 Murut d Sabah (1980 DTDS). DB; Quan Keningau doc song Pegalan. TGK:
Central Murut. PN: Nabay (Nabai, Nebee, Dabay, Dabai, Rabay, Rabai), Ambual,

Dusun Murut. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut.

KIMARAGANG

SNN; 10,000 (1987 SIL), gdm 6,000 Tandek, 2,000 Sonsogon. DB: Quan Kota
Marudu va Pitas. TGK: Kimaragan, Kimaragangan, Maragang, Marigang. PN:
Tandek (Garo), Pitas Kimaragang, Sandayo, Sonsogon. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic,
Dusun.

KINABATANGAN,
UPPER

SNN; 5,300 den 6,400 (1987 SIL), gom 500 Dusun Segama va 800 den 900 Sinabu'
(1985 SIL). DB; ThUdng \\Sw song Kinabatangan, quan Lahad Datu va Sandakan,
MaUgatan, Minusu, v^ Tongud. PN: Kalabuan (Kolobuan), Makiang, Dusun Segama
(Saga-I, Soghai, Segai). Sinabu' (Sinabu). PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo. Northwest, Sabahan, Paitanic, Upper
Kinabatangan.

KOTA MARUDU
TALANTANG

SNN: 800 to 1,000 (1985 SIL). DB: Quan Kota Marudu, d Talantang 1 v^ Talantang
2. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo,
Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun.

KOTA MARUDU
TINAGAS

SNN; 1,250 (1985 SIL). DB: Nam Kota Marudu va Parong, mpt lang nhap cUd bac
Kota Marudu. PL: AusU-onesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, Central.

KUIJAU

SNN: 5,000 den 6,000 (1985 SIL). DB: Quan Keningau District. TGK: Kijau, Kujau,
Kwijau, Minansut, Kuliow, Kuiyow, Kuriyo, Koijoe, Menindal, Tindal, Menindaq,
Tidung, Hill Dusun. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun.

LOBU, LANAS

SNN: 2,800 gom 2,000 d Lobu, 800 d Rumanau (1986 SIL). DB; Lobu d Keningau
gdn Lanas, Rumanau d Masaum, Mangkawagu, Minusu, Kinabatangan. PN: Lobu,
Rumanau (Rumanau Alab, Romanau, Roomarrows). PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Paitanic,
Upper Kinabatangan.

LOBU, TAMPIAS

SNN: 1,800 (1985 SIL). DB; 3 l^ng d Ranau quanh Tampias. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan,
Paitanic, Upper Kinabatangan.

LOTUD

SNN: 5,000 (1985 SIL). DB; Quan Tuaran, bdc Kota Kinabalu. TGK: Latod, Latud,
Suang Lotud, Tuaran Dusun. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun.

MALAY, COCOS

SNN: 3,000 d Sabah (1975 SIL). TGK: Cocos, Kokos, Kukus. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Local
Malay.

ISLANDS

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Tim hieu nhu cdu gido ditc tie'ng me de cua cdc ddn tgc thieu sod

MALAY, SABAH

MAPUN

MINOKOK

Malaysia

TGK: Bazaar Malay, Pasar Malay. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay.
DB: Bd bien dong Sabah, tap trung d Sandakan, bd bien tay Sabah: Banggi,
Marudu, Kudat, Kota Kinabalu. TGK: Sama Mapun, Jama Mapun, Cagayan De Sulu,
Cagayanon, Bajau Kagayan, Orang Cagayan, Kagayan. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Borneo Coast
Bajaw.
SNN: 2,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Thu-dng ngu6n song Kinabatangan. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, Central.

MOLBOG

DB: Dao Banggi. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Meso Philippine, Palawano.

PALUAN

SNN; 4,000 den 5,000 (1990 SIL), g6m 3,000 Paluan, 1,000 den 2,000
Pandewan. DB: Sabah, quan Tenom, Keningau, va Pensiangan dpc vai phu lu\i song
Padas, dpc cac song Daht, Keramatoi, Nabawan, PamentarianMesopo, thung lung
song Sook, va thifdng nguon song Talankai v^ Sapulut. PN: Paluan (Peluan), Dalit
Murut, Sook Murut, Takapan, Makaheeliga (Makialiga), Pandewan (Pandewan
Murut). PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut.

PAPAR

SNN: 600 den 800 (1985 SIL). DB: Quan Kuala Penyu. TGK: Bajau Bukit. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun.

RUNGUS

SNN: 15,000 (1991 UBS). DB: Quan Kudat, Pitas, v^ Labuk-Sugut. TGK: Dusun
Dayak, Melobong Rungus, Memagun, Memogun, Momogun, Roongas, Rungus
Dusun. PN: Nulu, Gonsomon, Rungus. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun.

SAMA, BALANGINGI

SNN: 30,000 d bd bien dong Bajau (Sama), gom Kagayan (Sama Mapun) va nam

Sama (1977 K. Pallesen SIL). DB: Bd bien dong Sabah. TGK: Balangingi Bajau,
Baangingi', Northern Sinama, Balanian, Balagnini, Balanini, Balignini, Binadan,
Banadan. PL: Austronesian. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Sama-Bajaw. Sulu-Borneo, Inner Sulu Sama.

SAMA, CENTRAL

DB; Dong nam Sabah, dtic bi?t d quan Semporna. TGK: Siasi Sama. Central
Sinama, Samal, Sinama. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Inner Sulu Sama.

SAMA, SOUTHERN

SNN: 20,000 hoSc hdn d Sabah. DB: Bd bien dong, bac va tay: Banggi, Kota Belud,
Gaya Island, Kuala Penyu. TGK: Sama Sibutu', Southern Bajau. PN: Bajau
Banaran, Bajau Darat, Bajau Laut (Mandelaut, Pala'au, Sama Laut, Sama
Mandelaut, Sama Pala'au, Sea Bajau, Sea Gypsies), Bajau Semporna (Bajau Asli,
Kubang, Sama Kubang), Laminusa (Laminusa Sinama), Sibutu (Sibutuq, Sama
Sibutu, Samah-Samah, Samah Lumbuh), Simunul (Sama Simunul), Sikubung
(Kubung, Sama Kubung), Sama (A'a Sama, Sama', Samah, Samal, Samar), Ubian
(Obian, Sama Ubian, Tau Ubian). PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Inner Sulu Sama.

SELUNGAI MURUT

SNN: 300 d Sabah (1990 SIL). PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western

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Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd Malaysia

Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut.
SEMBAKUNG MURUT

TGK: Tinggalan, Tinggalum, Tingalun, Simbakong, Sembakoeng, Sembakong,
Tidong, Tidoeng, Tidung. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong.

SERUDUNG MURUT

SNN: 1,000 (1989 SIL). DB: Quan Tawau dpc song Serudung v^ mot lang cich
Tawau 12 dSm. TGK: Serudong, Tawau Murut, Tidung. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan,
Dayic, Murutic, Tidong.

TAGAL MURUT

SNN: 28,000 den 48,000 d Sabah, Malaysia (1987 SIL). PN: Rundum (Arundum),
Tagal (Taggal, Tagul, Tagol, North Borneo Murut, Sabah Murut), Sumambu
(Semembu, Semambu, Sumambuq), Tolokoson (Telekoson), Sapulot Murut (Sapulut
Murut), Pensiangan Murut (Pentjangan, Lagunan Murut), Salalir (Sadalir, Sed'lir,
Saralir), Alumbis (Lumbis. Loembis), Tawan, Tomani (Tumaniq), Maligan
(Mauhgan, MeUgan, Bol Murut, Bole Murut). PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan,
Dayic, Murutic, Murut.

TATANA

SNN: 5,500 (1982 SIL). DB: Quan Kuala Penyu. TGK: Tatana", Tatanaq. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Sabahan, Dusunic, Bisaya.

TAUSUG

SNN: 110,000 d Sabah, Malaysia (1982 SIL). DB: Quan Sempurna, Sandakan,
Tawau, Lahad Datu, Labuk-Sugut, Kudat. TGK: Taw Sug, Sulu, Suluk, Sooloo,
Tausog, Taosug, Moro, Joloano, Joloano Sulu. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Meso Phihppine, Central Philippine,
Bisayan, South, Butuan-Tausug.

TEBILUNG

SNN: 2,000 hoac nhieu hdn (1984 SIL). DB; Quan Kota Marudu, tirKota Belud den
Kudat, va d Kota Belud. TGK: Tabilong, Tobilang, Tobilung. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan,
Dusunic, Dusun.

TIDONG

SNN: 9,800 d Sabah (1982 SIL). DB; Sabah, quan Labuk-Sugut, Sandakan, va
Tawau. TGK: Camucones, Nonukan, Tedong, Tidoeng, Tiran, Tirones, Tiroon,
Zedong. PN: Tarakan (Terakan), Sesayap (Sesajap). PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan,
Dayic, Murutic, Tidong.

TIMUGON MURUT

SNN: 7,200 den 8,700 (1982 SIL), gom 1,200 den 1,700 d Beaufort Murut (1982
SIL). DB: Qu^n Tenom dpc song Padas tOr Melalap den Batu, va quan Beaufort dpc
song Bukau va Padas. TGK: Timugon, Timogun, Timigan, Timigun, Timogon,
Tumugun, Temogun, Tenom Murut. PN: Kapagalan, Poros, Beaufort Murut (Binta'),
Timugon, Sandiwar (Sandewar), Dabugus, Lower Murut, Murut Padaass, Bukau
(Bukow). PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut.

TOMBONUWO

SNN: 20,000 (1991 UBS), gom 3,000 Lingkabau. DB: Quan Labuk-Sugut, Kota
Marudu, v^ Pitas. TGK: Tombonuo, Tombonuva, Tambanuo, Tambanua.
Tambanuva, Tambanwas, Tambenua, Tambunwas, Tembenua, Tunbumohas,
Tumbunwha, Paitan, Sungai, Sungei, Lobu. PN: Lingkabau Sugut (Linkabau). PL:

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Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de eua cdc ddn tgc thieu sod Malaysia

Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Sabahan, Paitanic.
WOLIO

TGK: Buton, Butung, Butonese. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Sulawesi, Muna-Buton, Buton.

YAKAN

SNN: 5,000 den 10,000 d Sabah (1985). TGK: Yacan. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sama-Bajaw, Yakan.
[Nguon: V i e n N g o n ngi? hoc M u a he]

CAC NGON NGLf d MALAYSIA (PHAN SARAWAK)
BALAU

SNN: 5,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Tay nam Sarawak, dong nam Simunjan.
TGK: Bala'u. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Sundic, Malayic. Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic.

BERAWAN

SNN: 870 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Song Tutoh va Baram d phia bac. PN: Batu
Bla (Batu Belah), Long Pata, Long Jegan, West Berawan, Long Terawan. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Berawan.

BIATAH

SNN: 20,100 (Malaysia va Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori). TGK: Kuap, Quop,
Bikuab, Sentah. PN: Siburan, Stang (Sitaang, Bisitaang), Tibia. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak.

BINTULU

SNN: 4,200 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Bd bien dong bac quanh Sibuti, tay Niah,
quanh Bintulu, v^ hai vOng dat phia tay. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Bintulu.

BISAYA, SARAWAK

SNN: 7,000 (1984 SIL). DB: Dong nam Marudi, khu 5. TGK: Bisayah, Bisaya Bukit,
Visayak, Bekiau, Lorang Bukit. PN: Lower Bisaya, Mid Bisaya, Upper Bisaya. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Sabahan, Dusunic, Bisaya, Southern.

BUKAR SADONG

SNN: 34,600 (Malaysia va Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori). TGK: Sadong,

Buka, Bukar, Tebakang, Serian, Sabutan. Seputan, Saputan. PN: Bukar Bidayuh
(Bidayuh, Bidayah), Bukar Sadong, Mentuh Tapuh. PL: Austronesian. MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian. Borneo, Land Dayak.

BUKITAN

SNN: 410 (Malaysia va Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori). TGK: Bakitan,
Bakatan, Beketan, Mangkettan, Manketa, Pakatan. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian. Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang,
Kajang.

DARO-MATU

SNN: 7,600 gom 4,800 Matu, 2,800 Daro (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB; Song Matu
quanh Daro va Matu. PN: Daro, Matu. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau.

IBAN

SNN; 400,000 d Sarawak (1995 P. Martin), 415,000 (ke ca Indonesia va Brunei)
(1995 P. Martin), 1,000,000 nhifng ngu'di noi nhu" ngon ngff thu* hai (1999 WA).
TGK: Sea Dayak. PN: Batang Lupar, Bugau, Skrang, Dau, Lemanak, Ulu Ai,

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Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn toe thieu sdd Malaysia

Undup. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic,
Malayic, Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic.
JAGOI

SNN: 19,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Bau, Khu 1, sdng Sadong, Samarahan va
Lundu, khoang 50 lang. TGK: Sarawak Dayak, Jaggoi, Bau-Jagoi. PN: Grogo
(Grogoh), Stenggang Jagoi, Krokong, Gumbang, Serambau (Serambu, Serambo),
Empawa, Assem, Singge (Singgai, Singgi, Singgie. Singhi, Bisingai), Suti. Tengoh,
Dongay, Taup (Tahup). PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak.

KAJAMAN

SNN: 500 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB; Gdn Belaga tren song Baloi, mien trung
Sarawak, Khu 7. TGK: Kayaman, Kejaman. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang. Kajang.

KANOWIT

SNN: 170 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Song Rejang, Khu 3. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian. Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, MelanauKajang, Melanau.

KAYAN, BARAM

SNN: 4,150 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Sdng Baram, thiTdng Sarawak. TGK:
Baram Kajan. PN: Long Atip, Long Akahsemuka. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Kayan-Murik, Kayan.

KAYAN, MURIK

SNN; 1,120(1981 Wurm v^ Hattori). DB: Durdi Long Miri (Banyuq) v^ du-di Lio
Mato (Semiang) tren song Baram. PN: Long Banyuq (Banyuq), Long Semiang
(Semiang). PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian,
Borneo, Kayan-Murik, Murik.

KAYAN, REJANG

SNN: 3,030 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Viing song Rejang, Balui. TGK: Rejang
Kajan. PN: Ma'aging, Long Badan, Uma Daro, Long Kehobo (Uma Poh), Uma
Juman, Long Murun, Long Geng, Lemena, Lisum. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Kayan-Murik. Kayan.

KELABIT

SNN: l,650(Malaysiava Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori). TGK: Kalabit,
Kerabit. PN: Brung, Libbung, Lepu Potong, Bario, Lon Bangag. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North
Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic.

KENYAH, BAKUNG

DB: Nam mien trung, gan bien gidi Kalimantan. TGK: Bakung, Bakong, Bakung
Kenya. PN: Oga Bakung. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah.

KENYAH, SEBOB

SNN; 1,730 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB; ThiTdng \\SKX song Tinjar d bac Sarawak,
khu 4, giffa song Rejang va Baram, vai lang Idn. TGK: Sibop, Sebop, Sebob, Sabup,
Sambup. PN: Tinjar Sibop, Lirong, Long Pokun, Bah Malei (Ba Mali), Long Atun,
Long Ekang (Long Ikang), Long Luyang. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah,
Sebob.

KENYAH, TUTOH

SNN; 600 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Dong bac, song Tutoh. TGK: Tutoh Kenya.
PN: Long Wat, Long Labid, Lugat. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western

Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah.

KENYAH, UPPER
BARAM

SNN: 2,660 (Malaysia va Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori). TGK: Upper Baram
Kenja, Kenja, Kenyah, Kinjin, Kindjin, Kanyay. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-

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Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia ede ddn toe thieu sdd Malaysia

Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan,
Kenyah, Main Kenyah.
KENYAH, WESTERN

KIPUT

SNN: 1,250(1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Song Balui, Belaga, Kalua, va Kemena.
TGK: Western Kenya, Kenja, Kinjin, Kindjin, Kanyay. PN: Long Bangan, Kemena
Penan, Kakus Penan, Uma Bakah (Long Bulan), Lunan. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian. Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan,
Kenyah, Main Kenyah.
SNN: 2,460(1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Ddng bac quanh Marudi. PN: Long Kiput,
Long Tutoh (Kuala Tutoh), Lemiting. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower
Baram, Lower Baram, Central, A.

LAHANAN

SNN: 350 (1981 Wurm v& Hattori). DB: Mien trung, dong Belaga, tay nam Long
Murum. TGK: Lanun, Lanan. PL: AusU-onesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang.

LARA'

DB: Hai lang nho d sdng Pasir, Lundu, khu 1. TGK: Luru. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak.

LELAK

SNN: 220 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: dong b5c va bac Sibuti (DaU) va sdng
Tinjar (Lelak). PN: Lelak, Dali. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram,
Lower Baram, Central, B.

LUNDAYEH

SNN: 12,800 gom 10,000 d Lun Bawang d Sarawak (1987), 2,800 d Lun Daye d
Sabah (1982 SIL). DB: Bien gidi tay nam Sabah va Sarawak. TGK: Lun Dayah, Lun
Daye, Lun Dayeh, Lun Daya, Lun Dayoh, Lundaya, Lun Lod, Southern Murut. PN:
Lun Bawang (Sarawak Murut), Lun Dayah, Adang, Balait (Tabun, Treng), Kolur,
Padas, Trusan (Lawas, Limbang), Lepu PotonG. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan,
Dayic, Kelabitic.

MADANG

DB: Song Tinjar, khu 4. TGK: Badang, Medang, Malang, Lepo Tau Kenyah, Lepo
Tau Kenya, Lepu Tau. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah, Sebob.

MELANAU

SNN: 25,120 (1981 Wurm v^ Hattori). TGK: Milanau, Milano, Belana'u. PN:
Mukah-Oya (Mukah, Muka, Oya, Oya', Oga), BaUngian, Bruit, Dalat (Dalad), Igan,
Sarikei, Segahan, Prehan, Segalang, Siteng. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau.

MILIKIN

SNN: 3,500 (1999 Peter Cullip). DB: Quan Serian, Kuching, va phiTdngngu'd 13
lang dong nam Serian de'n Balai Ringin. TGK: Millikin, Remun. PL: Austronesian,
Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak,
Ibanic.

NAROM

SNN: 2,420 (1981 Wurm v^ Hattori). d9e61nNam cufa sdng Baram quanh Miri.
TGK: Narum. PN: Narom, Miri. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram,
Lower Baram, Central, B.

OKOLOD

SNN; 1,100 den 1,200, gom 1,000 d Sarawak, 100 den 200 d Sabah (1987 SIL).

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Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tgc thieu sod

Malaysia

TGK: Kolour, Kolur, Kolod, Okolod Murut. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic,
Murut.
PENAN, EASTERN

DB: Dong song Baram, quan Apoh River. TGK: 'Punan'. PN: Penan Apoh. PL:
AusU-onesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, PunanNibong.

PENAN, WESTERN

SNN: 9,000 d Sarawak (1988 Lian). TGK: Nibong, Nibon, 'Punan'. PN: Nibong, Bok
Penan (Bok), Penan Silat, Penan Gang (Gang), Penan Lusong (Lusong), Penan Apo,
Sipeng (Speng), Penan Lanying, Jelalong Penan. PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Punan-Nibong.

PUNAN BAH-BIAU

SNN: 450 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB:Mien trung, quanh sdng Merit, Rejang, khu
7. PN: Punan Bah (Punan Ba), Punan Biau. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Rejang-Sajau.

PUNAN BATU 1

SNN: 50 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB:Tay Long Geng, ddng nam Belaga. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Melanau-Kajang, Kajang.

SA'BAN

DB: Dong bac tren bien gidi Kahmantan, ddng bac Ramudu, ThiTdng Baram, khu 4,
gdm Long Banga.' PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic.

SEBUYAU

SNN: 9,000 (1981 Wurm \t Hattori). DB: Lundu, khu 1, cufa song Lupa, bd tay
quanh Sebuyau. TGK: Sibuyau, Sabuyau, Sibuian, Sibuyan, Sabuyan. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic,
Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic.

SEKAPAN

SNN: 750 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Belaga, khu 7. TGK: Sekepan. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Melanau-Kajang, Kajang.

SELAKO

SNN: 3,800 d Sarawak (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Saak, Lundu, khu 1,22 lang.
TGK: Selakau, Salakau, Silakau. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western
Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak.

SIAN

SNN; 70(1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Belaga, khu 7. TGK: Sihan. PL:
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest,
Melanau-Kajang, Kajang.

SIBU

SNN: 420 (1981 Wurm va Hattori). DB: Sibu, khu 3, song Rejang. TGK: Siduan,
Siduani, Seduan-Banyok. PN: Seduan, Banyok. PL: Austronesian. MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest. Melanau-Kajang,
Melanau.

TANJONG

SNN: 100(1981 Wurm v5 Hattori). DB: Sdng Rejang River tren vOng ngdn ngi!
Kanowit. dirdi lang Song, Kapit, khu 7. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau.

TRING

DB; L^ng Long Terawan, ha lim sdng Tutoh. PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic,
Kelabitic.

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Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd

Malaysia

PHU LUC 4
HE THONG GIAO DUG QUOC GIA MALAYSIA
He thong giao due phd thong qudc gia Malaysia c6 cau true 6-3-2-2.
Bac giao due
Tieu hoc

Cac ldp

1-6

Kv thi tot nehiep
UPSR (Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah)

(m6i ldp 1 nam)

Trung hoc bac thap

1-3

PMR (Penilaian Menengah Rendah)

(moi ldp 1 nam)

Trung hoc bac cao

4-5
(m6i ldp 1 niSm)

Cao trung

6

SPM (Sijil Peperiksaan Malaysia)
SPVM (Sijil Pelajaran Vokasional Malaysia)
STPM (Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia)

(2 nam)

[Nguon: 391

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