Internetworking With TCP/IP vol 1 -- Part 1

Internetworking
With TCP/IP
Douglas Comer
Computer Science Department
Purdue University
250 N. University Street
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2066
/> Copyright 2005. All rights reserved. This document may not
be reproduced by any means without written consent of the author.
PART I
COURSE OVERVIEW
AND
INTRODUCTION
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Topic And Scope
Internetworking: an overview of concepts, terminology, and
technology underlying the TCP/IP Internet protocol suite and
the architecture of an internet.
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You Will Learn
d Terminology (including acronyms)
d Concepts and principles
– The underlying model
– Encapsulation
– End-to-end paradigm
d Naming and addressing
d Functions of protocols including ARP, IP, TCP, UDP,
SMTP, FTP, DHCP, and more
d Layering model
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You Will Learn
(continued)
d Internet architecture and routing
d Applications
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What You Will NOT Learn
d A list of vendors, hardware products, software products,
services, comparisons, or prices
d Alternative internetworking technologies (they have all
disappeared!)
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Schedule Of Topics
d Introduction
d Review of
– Network hardware
– Physical addressing
d Internet model and concept
d Internet (IP) addresses
d Higher-level protocols and the layering principle
d Examples of internet architecture
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Schedule Of Topics
(continued)
d Routing update protocols
d Application-layer protocols
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Why Study TCP/IP?
d The Internet is everywhere
d Most applications are distributed
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Remainder Of This Section
d History of Internet protocols (TCP/IP)
d Organizations
d Documents
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Vendor Independence
d Before TCP/IP and the Internet
– Only two sources of network protocols
* Specific vendors such as IBM or Digital Equipment
* Standards bodies such as the ITU (formerly known
as CCITT)
d TCP/IP
– Vendor independent
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Who Built TCP/IP?
d Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
d Originally known as Internet Activities Board
d Evolved from Internet Research Group
d Forum for exchange among researchers
d About a dozen members
d Reorganized in 1989 and 1993
d Merged into the Internet Society in 1992
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Components Of The
IAB Organization
d IAB (Internet Architecture Board)
– Board that oversees and arbitrates
– URL is
/>d IRTF (Internet Research Task Force)
– Coordinates research on TCP/IP and internetworking
– Virtually defunct, but may re-emerge
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Components Of The
IAB Organization
(continued)
d IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
– Coordinates protocol and Internet engineering
– Headed by Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)
– Divided into N areas (N is 10 plus or minus a few)
– Each area has a manager
– Composed of working groups (volunteers)
– URL is

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ICANN
d Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

d Formed in 1998 to subsume IANA contract
d Not-for-profit managed by international board
d Now sets policies for addresses and domain names
d Support organizations
– Address allocation (ASO)

– Domain Names (DNSO)
– Protocol parameter assignments (PSO)
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ICANN
d Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

d Formed in 1998 to subsume IANA contract
d Not-for-profit managed by international board
d Now sets policies for addresses and domain names
d Support organizations
– Address allocation (ASO)
– Domain Names (DNSO)
– Protocol parameter assignments (PSO)
d For fun see
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World Wide Web Consortium
d Organization to develop common protocols for World Wide
Web
d Open membership
d Funded by commercial members
d URL is

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Internet Society
d Organization that promotes the use of the Internet
d Formed in 1992
d Not-for-profit
d Governed by a board of trustees
d Members worldwide

d URL is

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Protocol Specifications
And Documents
d Protocols documented in series of reports
d Documents known as Request For Comments (RFCs)
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RFCs
d Series of reports that include
– TCP/IP protocols
– The Internet
– Related technologies
d Edited, but not peer-reviewed like scientific journals
d Contain:
– Proposals
– Surveys and measurements
– Protocol standards
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RFCs
d Series of reports that include
– TCP/IP protocols
– The Internet
– Related technologies
d Checked and edited by IESG
d Contain:
– Proposals

– Surveys and measurements
– Protocol Standards
– Jokes!
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RFCs
(continued)
d Numbered in chronological order
d Revised document reissued under new number
d Numbers ending in 99 reserved for summary of previous
100 RFCs
d Index and all RFCs available on-line
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Requirements RFCs
d Host Requirements Documents
– Major revision/clarification of most TCP/IP protocols
– RFC 1122 (Communication Layers)
– RFC 1123 (Application & Support)
– RFC 1127 (Perspective on 1122-3)
d Router Requirements
– Major specification of protocols used in IP gateways
(routers)
– RFC 1812 (updated by RFC 2644)
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Special Subsets Of RFCs
d For Your Information (FYI)
– Provide general information
– Intended for beginners
d Best Current Practices (BCP)
– Engineering hints

– Reviewed and approved by IESG
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A Note About RFCs
d RFCs span two extremes
– Protocol standards
– Jokes
d Question: how does one know which are standards?
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