(Luận văn thạc sĩ) nâng cao hứng thú học tiếng nga nhờ sự hỗ trợ của tư liệu ngôn ngữ đất nước học dựa trên cứ liệu sách giáo khoa tiếng nga ở

X A H O H C K H ỈÍ r O C y M P C T B E H H b líỉ Y H H B E P C H T E T
H H C T H T y T H H O C T P A H H b lX í B b l K O B

IĨ0CTBy30BCKHH <J>AKyJIbTET

LƯ Ơ N G TH A N H H Ư Ơ N G

IỈO BLIỈỈỈEHHE MOTHBAIỊHH H3YHEHỈDỈ PYCCKOrO
fl3bIKA c nOMOllỊblO JIHHrBOCTPAHOBE,HHECKHX
MATEPHAJIOB HA MATEPHAJIE YHEBHHKA
n O J IH O - C P E A H E H U IK O J lb I

(IIpHMeHHTejibHo K oốyneHHio pyccKOMy HSbiKy B noiiHo-cpe/ỊHeH uiKOJie)
Nâng cao hứng thú học tiếng Nga nhờ sự hỗ trợ của tư liệu ngôn ngữ đất nước
học dựa trên cứ liệu sách giáo khoa Tiếng Nga ở trường trung học phổ thông
(Áp dụng đối vói việc dạy-học tiếng Nga ở trường THPT)

AHCCEPTAIỊHA
Ha coHCKaHHe yneHOH CTeneHH MarHCTpa ne^arorHHecKHX HayK

CneựHaiibHocTb: 601410
TeopHH H MeTOđHKa oốyneHHH pyccKOMy H3biKy KaK HHOCTpaHHOMy
I ĐAI HỌC tìu ố c GIA HÀ NỘI_
ĨRUNG

Th õ n g

tin thư v iệ n

Ồ p S T L ữ ư ỵ O ll.

XAHOH - 2010


OBE11ỊAHHE

JỊsiHH2ưỉ 4HccepTaựH0HHaa pãoTa HanHcaHa MHOỈÍ H He HBJiaeTCH KonHeỉí
KaKOH ổbi TO HH 6biJio iỊpyroH

/ỊHccepTaựHOHHOH paốOTbi; TeMa ữaHHOỈí

aHCCepTaiỊHOHHÍ paỐOTbi a o 3Tơro He ỐbIJia HCn0JIb30BaHa HHKãKHM HaCTHBIM
JIHUOM HJIH opraHH3auHeH.

X aH o ủ , 12 - 2010e.

H cn ojiH H T ejib

Jỉb!OHr TxaHb XbioHr


ABTOPEOEPAT
/ỊaHHaa paốoxa npeacTaarwer COÕOH
((ĨIoebiiueH ue M o m u e a ụ u u m ym enrn p y ccK 0 Z0 H3bĩKữ c noM ouịbK)
ỉiu m e o cm p a H o e eÒ H ecK u x M am epuanoe Hữ M am epu an e m yneÕ HUKa n o n n o cpeÒHeừ lU K O ỉib i».

(IlpHMCHHTC^IbHO K OỐyMeHHK) pyCCKOMy H3bIKy B nOJlHO-cpeaHeÔ UlKOJie)
Co^ep)KaHHe COCTOHT H3 TEKHX ỈXBỴX TJiaB:
B nepBOÌỈ r jia e e

roBopHTCA o B33.HMOCBS3H H B3aHMoaeỉícTBHH Meaựiy

Kyjií>TypOH, H3BIKOM H KOMMyHHKaiỊHeií npH OỐyneHHH HHOCTpaHHblM H3bIKaM,
jiHHrBOCTpaHOBe^eHHH

KaK

acneicr

npenoaaBaHM

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MOTHBâlỊHH B ÕyMeHHHHHOCTpaHHOMy H3bIKy.
1.

Me>K/ỉy

K yjibT ypí,

M3BIKOM H KOMMyHHKauHeH

cym ecTByeT

TecHaa

B3aHMOCBH3b. ÌỈ3LIK BHpaacaeT KyjiLTypy, a KyiibTypa cTHMyj!HpyeT pâ3BHTH6

fl3biKa. Toraa H3I.IK cjiyacHT opy/ỊHeM oốmeHHA, a KOMMyHHKaựHa HBJifleTCH
HCH3HL10 H3bIKa 3TO MeCTO rae

H3bIK )KHBểT H pa3BHBaeTCH. KpOMe Toro,

KOMMyHHKamia ecTb He TOJibKO npo/ỊỴKT HO H Ba)KHíuiaa HacTb Kyji&Typbi.
2. JlHHTBOCTpaHOBejỉeHHe OTHOCHTCH K aen e icry npencuiaBaHKíi H H ocrpaH H oro

«3biKa. CHaHỄUia, cTpaHOBe^eHHe H j!HHFBOCTpâHOBe/ỊeHHe - 3TO ABa n o ax o ^a K
oõyneHHK) B npouecce oốyHeHHA HHũCTpaHHbiM H3 LIK&M. CTpaHOBeaeHHe HBJiaeTCH
coBOKynHMM

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JlHHrBOCTpaHOBeaeHHe - 3TO MeTOJỈHKa 03HâK0Mj7CHR5ỉ HHOCTpaHHHX yHauỉHXCA c
fleỉiCTBHTejitH 0 CTSK) CTpaHbi H3yMaeMoro H3HKa Hepe3 nocpeacTBơ aaHHoro H3HKa
H B npouecce ero

H3yHeHHH. JĨHHr 0 CTpaH0 BejỊene MCOKHO onpeaejiHTb KâK

H3yneHHe KynbTypti cTpaHM napajuiejii>HO c H3ỴMeHHeM caMoro H3biKa. ripeaMeTOM
jiHHrBOCTpaHOBe,a;eHHJi cjiy>KHT KaK OHa Bbipa^eHa Ha H3yHaeMOM H3biKe.
3. MoTHBaUHH M nyTH peaJIH3aUHH MOTHBaựHH B OỐyneHHH HHOCTpaHHOMy
fl3MKy. MoTHBauRH BbinojinaeT HecK0JiB.K0 ộyHKHHỈí: noốyacaaeT noBeaeHHe,
HanpaBJTKeT H opraHH3yeT e ro H. T. a. TaKHe ỘỴHKIỈHH peajiH3yK>TCfl TaKHMH
pa3HbiMH noõyacaeHHHMH, KaK nOTpeỔHOCTbK), uejntK), HHTepecoM H. T. ,ZỊ.
PaccMOTpenH H nflTb nyTeỉỉ peajiH3auHÌí MOTHBauHH B õyneHHH HHơcTpaHHOMy


H3MKy:

BOBJieqeHHe

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caMOCTOHTejibHyK3

paốOTy

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npOỖJĩeMHOCTI> 3aaaHHH H CHTyaựHH; KOHTpOHb 3H3HHH yMCHHH H HaBLIKOB;
H cn0Jife30B aH H e n 03 H a B a T ejib H í> ix H rp ; C TpaH O BeaH ecK H H

M aT epH aji H, KOHeHHO,

/Ịo 6po>KejiaTeJibHoe oTHomeHHe yHauỉHxca.

Bo BTopí r\JiaBe pa3p0TajiH npHểMbi paốOTbi Haa CTpaHOBejỊMecKHMH B
/ỊeH C T B yioinH X

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MOTHBaựHH H3yHeHHfl pyccKoro A3bIKa
1. B 3TOỈÍ raaB e TOBOpHTca o JiHHrBOCTpaHOBe,aitỉecKHx M aTepnanax.
JĨHHrBOCTpaHOBe,aHeCKHe

M aTepHaJlbI

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ỖC33KHBHB2UieHTHyK)

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ỘOHOByK), KOHHOTaTHBHyK) jieKCHKy, H peneBOH 3THKeT. Bo-nepBbix, ộơHOBaa
iieKCHKa

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JieiccH M ecK H e

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eđH H H U bi

K yjIb T yp aM ,

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O Ố iia a a iO m H e

n p e a M e T b i,

OTiIHHaiOmHMH

npH cym H e

JieKCHHeCKHMH

ỘOH3.MH. MHane roBopa, ỘOHOBaa jieKCHKa. Hepes TaKHe ciiOBa Mbi MoaceM 6ojii>me
3H3TL 0 ỐHTe, i p ammHAX, OỔLIHỉX, KyjItType 3TÍ CTpaHBI H TSK Mce MblCilHX

OỐfcIfleHHOH 5KH3HH eế JTK)fleií. Bo- BTOpblX, KOHHOTaTHBHaa iieKCHKa - 3TO CJ10Ba,
KOTơpbie coBnaaaiOT B AByx íObiKax CBOHMH aeHOTaTaMH HO He coBnoflaK)T

KOHHOTaTaMH. B - TpeTbHX, peneBOH 3THKCT - 3TO npaBHJia HCn0JIB30BaHHJI B peMH
caM M x

y n o x p e ố H T e iib H b ix

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npHBCTCTBHít n p o m a H H * ỐjiarOflapHOCTH n p o c b õ b l KOMĨUIHMCHTa H. T.

to

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B c ẽ 3TO H r p a e T BaMCHyio p o j ib B BBe^eH H H H a y p o K a x p y c c K o r o H3biKa.

2. B

3TOH m aB e

roBopHTCH o OTốơpe, aH&JiH3e jiHHrBocTpaHOBeflHecKHX

MaTepnanoB Ha MaTepHane B iỉeHCTByíomHX

yneốHHKax

n0JiH0-cpejỊHeH

IUK0JIM H p a ố O T e Ha,a 3THMH M a T ep n an aM H . M b i 3aM eTHJiH HTO B 3TOM yn eÕ H H K e

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n p e a n o jia r a e M L i

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OTHOCHTCH K TpaHCỘOpMaiỉHOHHblM, pecnOHCHBHMM, perUIHKOBtlM, CHTyaTHBHUM,
p0JieB0H Hrpe, penpo.oyKTHBHí.iM, K0Mn03HLỊH0HHbiM, nepeicpecHOMý BMốopy,
aiibTeH aTH BHO M y B b iố o p y , MHOHcecTBeHHOMy B t i õ o p y , ynopA A O H eH H K ) H H rpoB biM

THnaM ynpa>KHeHHH.


O rJ IA B J IE H H E

BBE/ỊEHHE

4

COAEP3KAHHE

7

rJIABA 1. OBIIỊHE TEOPETHT4ECKHE BOĨIPOCbl
JIHHrBOCTPAHOBEAEHHJI H MOTHBAIựỉH B

7

O E Y H E H H H H H O C T P A H H O M y f l3 ỉ> I K y

I. B 3aHM 0CBH3b H B3aHM0AtcTBHe MeacnyK yjibTypí,
H3bIKOM H KOMMyHHKaựHCÌÍ npH OỐyneHHH HHOCTpaHHblM

7

H 3U K 2M

1. K yjibTypa

7

2 . ÍĨ3biK

10

3. KoMMyHHKaựHA

11

4. B3aHMOCBfl3b H B3aHM0fleHCTBHe Meacay A3HK0M, Kyjn>Typí H
KOMMyHHKaựHeB npH OỔyneHHH HHOCTpaHHblM H3blK3M

13

4.1 . CBS3b MeHỤỊy KyjlI>TypOH H H3BIKOM

14

4.2 . CBH3b Mexcay 33BIKOM H KOMMyHHKaUHí

16

4 . 3 . C B H 3b M e a q iy K yjií>TypoH H K O M M yH H K aụH í

17

II.

J lH H r B O C T p a H O B e a e H H e

K 3K

acneK T

n p e n o /ia B a H H H

18

HHOCTpaHHOrO íO blK a
1. C T p a H O B e a e H H e H JiH H rB 0C T paH 0B e,neH H e

18

1 .1 .C r p a H O B e a e H H e

18

1 .2 .

18

JlH H rB O C T paH O B efleH H e

2.JlHHrBOCTpaHOBe,aeHHe

KEK

acneKT

npenoaaBaHHA

20

HHOCTpaHHOrơ H3BIKa

III. M oTHBauna B OỐyneHHH HHOCTpaHHOMy H3MKy

21

1. MoTHBaiỉHH

21

1


2. CBfl3fc ÕyMCHHH H MOTHBaựHH H3yHeHHH HHOCTpaHHOrO SQtlKa
3. riyTH
peajiH3auHH
HHOCTpaHHOrO H3bIKa

noBMineHna

MOTHBaựHH

H3y«ỉeHi«i

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H M H rB O C T P A H O B E /ỊH E C H K H M M M A T E P H A JIA M M B

23
30

33

^EHCTByiOIHHX YHEBHHKAX /ỤLH
n O J ĨH O -C P E £ H E H LIIKOJn>I c LJEJH>IO n O B b lL H E H liH

M O T H B A L ỊH H H 3yH E H M JI P y C C K Ờ rO iI3ỉ>IK A
I. JlHHrBOpaHOBeaHecKHe MaTepnaiiLi B aeỉíCTByioiuHX
yneốHHKax BO BbeTHaMCKHX iíiKOJiax

33

1. O O H O B tie 3HaHHfl

33

2 . JIeKCHKa c TOHKH 3p eH H » JIHHBOCTpaHOBe,2jeHHfl

34

2.1. JIeKCHHecKHỈí ỘOH

34

2.2. Ee33KBHBaneHTHafl JieKCHKa

37

2. 3. KoHHOTaTHBHaa HCKCHKa

41

3. PeneBOH 3THKeT

46

II. npe/ựioraeM bie ynpaacHeHHíi õyMeHHa CTpaHOBe^HecKHM
MaTepnanaM B aeHCTByiomHX yneốHHKax Ịựíỉỉ nojiHO-cpe,aHeH
LUKOHbl c IíeiltK) noBbimeHHH MOTHBaựHH H3yMeHHJI pyccK oro »3bIKa

50

1. JlHHrBOCTpaHOBeflHecKHe MaTepnaíibi H3 yneốHHKa JỤIH n0JiH0cpeaH eỉí ỉỉỉKOJibi

50

1.1. Ee33KBHBaJieHTHĨ>ie ỘOHOBbie H KOHHOTaTHBHbie CJIOBa H3
yHeÕHHKa ỉxn* n0J!H0-cpeflHeH uiKOJibi

50

1.2. PeneBOH 3THKeT H3 yneốHHKa ỊỤIĨI n0JiH0-cpejỉHeH uiKOJibi

54

1.2.1. PeMeBOH 3THKCT H3 yneốHHHKa

1 0 -o ro

Knacca

54

1.2.2. PeneBOH 3THKeT H3 yneốHHHKa /ỤIÍI 11 -o ro

Kiiacca

55

1.2.3. PeneBOH 3THKeT H3 yMeốHHHKa

Kiiacca

56

1 2 -o ro

2.npezụioraeM bie ynpa>KHeHHfl oổy^eHHH crpaHOBeữHecKHM

2

57


MaTepHanaM B aeỉĩCTByioiuHX yqeốHHKax ZỤI5Ỉ n0JiH0-cpeflHeH
IHKOÌIM c ueiibK) nOBMUieHHM MOTHBaiỉHH.
2 .1 .

TpaHCỘ0pMami0 HHbie ynpaHCHeHHưỉ

57

2.2. PecnoHCHBHLie ynpaacHeHHA

60

2.3. PeroiHKOBbie ynpaam eH H a

62

2.4. CHTyaTHBHBie ynpaacHeHeHHíỉ

64

2.5. PojieBajj Hrpa

65

2.6. IlepeKpecHbiH Bbiốop (m atch in g te c h n iq u e )

66

2.7. PĨHHiỊHaTHBHtie ynpaaKHeHHH

66

2.8. AiiLTepHaTHBHBiH BLiổop (tru e/false c h o ic e )

68

2.9. MHoacecTBeHHHìí BMổop (m u ltip le c h o ic e )

69

2 .1 0 . y n o p íỤ ỊO H eH H e ( r e a r r a n g e m e n t )

71

2 .1 1 . M rp ơ B B ie ynpa>KHeHHH BKJTK)MaK)iiỉHe 3ara,ziKH, H rp w

71

2.12. nepeB O iỉ

73

2.13. K0Mn03HựH0HHbie ynpaacHeHHiỉ

74

2.14. PenpcựỊyKTHBHbie ynpaacHeHHíỉ

75

3AKJIIOHEHHE

77

C IĨH C O K J IH T E P A T y P W

79

3


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n p o H H e e , ecjTH MLI ỗ ỵ a e M BBOiỊHTb 3JieMeHTM JiH H rB 0C T paH 0B eflH ecK 0r0 x a p a K T e p a .
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cpeiỊHeỉí c uenbio noBMUieHHs MOTHBaiỊHH H3yHeHHfl pyccKoro fl3LiKa.
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ỊỊn a Bbino/iHeHHH 3TOH paõoTH H Hcn0Jii>3yK) TaKHe MẽToabi Hccjie,a0BaHH5i:

5


- MTeHHe jĩHTepaTyp cooTBeTCTByjoiiỉHX TeMe TeopeTHHecKHX MaTepHaj!OB.

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CnHCKa JiHTepaTypw.

6


CO^EP^CAHHE

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7

CnO CO Ố CTByiO m H X


H to ỗ li

nojiyMHTfc npe,acTaBJieHHe 0 MH0r03H3HH0CTH noHíiTHA "KyjibTypa",

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8


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B

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M a T e p H a n L H b ix H a y x o B H M X

nOHHMaHHH

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(B.

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9


»3biK... /ỊyxoBHaH KyiiLTypa flBJiaeTCfl MHorocnoHHbiM 0Õpa30BaHHeM H BKJiKmeT B
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ựeH HO CTeíí /Ịo c T H r H y T b ix H a p o a o M

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3 t o .nocTiD K eH H íỉ B H a y K e B H c ic y c c T B e jiH T e p a T y p e 3KOHOMHKe o ổ m e c T B e H H ơ H H

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HOCHTeJlHM íỉ3BIKa.

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2 . H ỉb iK

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11


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n oM oiiỊH

fl3M K a ( p e a c e n p H n o M o m H A p y rH X 3H âKOBH X CHCTeM).

B CTaHOBiieHHH TeopHH KOMMyHHKaiỊHH, BIOlIOqaiOIIỊHH H HaCTOHUỊee BpeMJỈ,
x a p a K T e p H 3 y e T c a p a c u iH p e H H e M

C H CTCM H oro n o a x o ^ a K a H a n H 3 y KOMM yHHKaiỊHH.

KoMMyHHKaiỉHH paccM aipHBaeTca KaK coLỊHãHbHbiH n p o u e c c (P earce an d C ronen,
1980;

P earce,

1989;

L eeđs-H urw itz,

1995).

Il(WĩepKHBaeTCfl eể

He

npocTO

HHTepaKTHBHbiH, HO TpaHcaKTHHH ( t r a n s a c t io n a l) x a p a K T e p , sa id iO H a io iiỉH H C íi B TOM,

HTO

JIIÕOH

coõm eH H H

c y ố te K T
He

K OM M yHHKauHH

»B JifleTC «

n o c jie a o B a T e jib H ơ ,

a

o x n p a B H T e jie M

cụỊH O B peM eH H O ,

H
H

n o jiy H a T e jie M
HTO

jik > 6 o h

KOMMyHHKaTHBHbiỉí npouecc BKJTỉOHaeT B ce 6a, noMHMO HacToamero (KOHKpeTHOH

CHTyaiỉHH oốmeHHa), HenpeMeHHO H n p o n u io e

(nepoKHTbiìí ontiT ), a TãKĩKẼ

npoeiỊHpyeTCH B ổy^ym ee.
KoMMyHHicauHA

-

3TO

coxpaHeHHH-noímepHcaHHa

OCHOBHOH
H

comiaĩibHbiH

npe0ốpa30BaHKH

n p o q e cc

CO-TBOpeHHH,

coựHantHBix

peajibHOCTeH

(C o m m u n icatio n is a p rim ary social p ro cess o f co -creatin g , m ain tain in g and
tra n sío rm in g social realities) (P earce an d P earce, 2 0 0 0 ; P earce, 1989; P earce an d

C ro n e n , 1980). KoMMyHHKaiíHa, H B ố0Jiee y3KOM CMBiene, oõmeHHe, He ecTB
cjiy>K e6H biH n p o u e c c , H e ecTĩ> JiH uib cp e^ cT B O /ỊOCTH>KeHKii o n p e a e jie H H b ix u e j ie ií

(HanpHMep, H BCTynaio B pa3roBop, HTOỐLI Bbipa3HTb y 7KQ cymecTByiomHe BHyTpH
MÊHH M tic n H , qyB C T B a, OTH OiueHHa). KoM M yHHKaiỊHíỉ ecT!> ộ o p M H p y io m H H n p o u e c c .
B

caMOM

ộyH ^ aM eH T anbH O M

CM bĩCne

KOMMyHHKamiH

ecTi>

cocT O SH H e

Heji0BeMecK0r0 ố&rTKH (h u m an co n đitio n ), c n o c o ố MeiiOBenecKoro cymecTBOBaHHJỉ,
TOT 0C H 0B 0ri0JiaraK )m H H , nepBHH H M Ỉí co ự H a iib H H H n p o u e c c , B KOTOpOM M bi, e r o
H eH 3Õ e5K H bie y n a c T H H K H ,

coBM ecrao c 0 3 jia e M , B 0 c n p 0 H 3 B 0 flH M

H

npeo6pa3yeM

HaiHH counanbH bie MHpbi, KanecTBa H a r n e r o cym ecTBO BaH H SL KoMMyHHKauHH, B

12


3T0M CMiJC.ne, ecTĩ. caMa )KH3HÍ>, H, n o H3B6CTHÍ aKCHOMe I I ojui BaiụiaBHKa, o n e
c an n o t n o t c o m m u n ic ate (W atzlaw ick et al., 1967). 1

H a OCHOBe BHUiecKa3aHHoro M02KH0 CiỊeiiarb BbiBOiỉ, HTO KOMMyHHKaiỊHA B
y3KOM CMMCJie CJIOBai, TO HMÊK)T B BHfly TOT ộaKT , HTO B XOữ.e COBMeCTHOH
iỊỉTeiIbHOCTH JIK)£(H ÕMeHHBaK) Í'CH Me>K£y c o ố o ì í pa3JIHHHE>IMH npeaCTaBJieHH5ỈMH,

HHTepecaMH. B c/ 3TO MO>KHO paccMaipHBaTb KSK HHỘopMaiỊHK), H TOĨTia
caM

npoựecc

KOMMyHHKauHH

MOJKeT

6fciTb noHíTT K3K npoqecc

oốMeHa

H H Ộ opM aiỉH H . ƠTCIO/Ịa MOHCHO c ^ e n a T B cjie;iyK >m H H m a r H H H TepnpeTH pO BaTb Beci>
n p o ự e c c H ejiO BeqecK O H KOMMyHHKauHH. KoMMyHHKaiỉHM n p o u e c c ^B ơH C T B eH H oro

pa3BHTIMI HJ1H OÕMeHa HHỘOpMaiỊHH, BeaymHH K B3aHMHOMy nOHHMaHHK). M BOT
KOMMyHHKaiỉHSÍ CTSHOBHTCH B03M05KH0ÌÍ HMeHHO Ố naro^apa TOMy, HTO JlIOflH

npH^aioT 0aHHaK0B0e

3HaqeHHe aaHHOMy CHMBOJiy H MBI MOHceM CKa3aTb

KOMMyHHKauHH- 3TO o õ m e H H e ca M a >KH3Hb H3MKa.

4.

B3aHMOCBH3b

H

B33HMO/ỊCHCTBH6

MeỉK#y

H3bIKOM,

KyjIbTypOH

KOMMyHHKaựHí npH OỔyneHHH HHOCTpaHHblM H3UK3M
^ỊaBaHTe

nocMorpHM

cxeMM

B3aHM0CBK3b

MeHỤỉy

H3HKOM

Kyjií»Typ0H

M

KOMMyHHKSIỊHeH
ỈỈ3biK <------------------------------------------ ->K yjibTypa
(BbipaacaeT KyjibTypy)
>Ĩ3MK

(cTHMyjiHpycT pa3BHrae «3biKa)

---------------------------------------------------------------- -> KOMMyHHKaựHa

(caMa >KH3Hb JI3ỉ>IKa)

Kyjiỉ>Typa

(cpeacTBO KOMMyHHKaựHH)

----------------------------------------------------- ->

(p a c n p o c R a e T C H n e p e iia ế T c a ố J ia r o f la p a KOMMyHHKaựHH)

KOMMyHHKaiỉHA
(q a c T b K y j it T y p t i)

ByayHH oữHHM H3 npn3H&KOB HaiỉHH H3Í>IK BtipaacaeT KyjifeTypy Hapo^a.

K yjibiypa - 3TO HOCHTeiib H3ynaeMoro í!3ĩ>iKa. A KOMMyHHKaiỊHA ecTb He T0J1I>K0

1 Pe(Ị>epar, ĩỉumeocmpanoeHecKuũ acneKm e npenodaeaHuu UHOcmpaHHbtx X3UK06
(')

13

H


npoayKT. HO H BaỉKHeHiuaa HacTB K yiitxypti. ơ r c io a a BHAHa TecHaa cBH3b MOK.ay
K y .ib T y p o H . »3bIK O M H K O M M yH H K aiIH eỉí.
4 . 1 . C B H 3 B M eỉK A y K y j i b T y p o ồ H H3bIKOM
iĨ3 b iK i T i o õ o r o H a p o a a - 3TO e r o H C T o p H H e c K a a n a M H T b , B o r u io u ỉe H H a a B c ji0 B e .
TbiCHHHJieTH5ỉ»

ayxoB H aa

K yn & T yp a,

>KH3HĨJ

pyccK oro

napoaa

C B oeo6pa3H a

H

HenoBTopHMơ 0Tpa3HJĩHCi> B pyccKOM »3HKe B e ro ycTHOỈĩ H nHCbMCHHOH ộopM ax, B
n aM íĩT H H K a x

p a 3 J iH H H b ix

n p 0H 3B eaeH H M

> K aH p 0 B -0 T

cơ B peM eH H O H

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x y ^ o a cecT B eH H O H

jie T o n H c e H

H H T e p a r y p b i.

H

H

õ b u iH H

3TO

,ao

3HaHHT,

K y jib T y p a «3biK aM K y iib T y p a c iio B a n p e,3C T aB ji«eT KaK H ep a 3 p b iB H a fl CBH3B M H o r a x H
M H o n ix n0K 0JieH H H .

P o a h o h H3Í»IK - .ayiua HaựHH, nepBOCTeneHHHH H HaH6ojiee oHeBnaHuỉí eẽ
npH3HaK B «3bIKe H Mepe3 H3blK BW5IIWK)TCfl TaỉOKe Ba^CHeHUIHe OCOỐeHHOCTH H
H epT b i, KâK H aíỊH O H anbH aa iiC H X 0 J i0 n w , x a p a ic r e p H a p o a a , cK Jiaa e r o M LiuuieH H H ,
caMOÕMTHan

H cn o B T o p H M o cT L

x y flo > K e c T B e H H o r o

T B opnecT B a,

H paB C T B eH H oe

COCTOHHHe H ayXOBHOCTb.

IIOAHểpKHBaX OayXOTBOpeHHOCTL pyCCKOro fl3BIKa,

KoHCTaTHH /ỊMHTpHeBHH

yuiH H C K H H n H c a ji: “ B H3bIKe CBOẽM H a p cv ỉ B n p o ,a o J i 3K eH H e MHOrHX TbICflHeJieTHH H
B MHJIJIHOHaX H H B H ÍiyyM O B c n o a c m i CBOH

H CBOH H yB C TB a. r ip H p O J ỉa C T p aH b l

H MCTopna Hapoiia, oTpaacaacH B ayrne Hej!OBeKa Bbipa^aĩiHCb B cji 0Be. HeiTOBeK

HCHe3aji, HO CiiOBO, HM co3aaHHoe ocTaBanocL ốeccMepTHOH H HeHCMepnaeMOH
coKpoBHinHHiieií H apoaH oro H3biKa... Hacjie,ỉĩyfl CÌIOBO OT npejỊKOB HauiHx, HO
H a c jie a y e M c a M b ie 3TH M bicjiH H 3TH HyBCTBa” .
>Ĩ3feIK

-

HBJI6HH6

B3aHMO,aeHCTBR5ỉ,
C 01ỊH aJIH 3aU H H

T .e .

C O IỊH an b H O e.
6e3

Mm

OỐmeHRH

B 3 H aH H T eJlbH O ỈÍ

M epe

H ejlfc3fl
c

apyrH M

OCHOBaH

Ha

OBJI3ỤỊeTb

BHC

Jiioab M H .
H M H TaiỉH H

C O ự H aH bH O rO

X oth

npouecc

HCeCTOB-

KHBKOB,

M aH epb l yjIL l6aT L C S H XM ypH TbCA,- H3Í.IK CJiy?KHT OCHOBHL1M Cpe/ỊCTBOM n e p e ^ a H H

Kyjii>Typỉ>i.
#3feiK BKnioHaeT npaBH.na, BceM HaM H3BecTHO, MTO cymecTByeT npaBHJii>HaH
HenpaBHHbHaH

peHb.

B

H3biKe

HMeerca

MH0>KecTB0

noapa3yMeBaeMBix

ộ o p M a n b H b ix n p a B H ii o n p e ^ e j i í » o m H x c n o c o õ b i ccm eT aH H H CJ10B ju ĩn

14

H

B bipaaceH H iỉ


ny>KHoro cM ticiia. TpaMMaTHKOH Ha3MBaeTCíi CHCTeMa õmenpHHATbix npaBHJi Ha
OCHOBe KOTOpblX HCnOJl£>3yeTCfl H p a3 B H B aeT C fl C T a H ^ a p T H tlH H3blK B M e C T e c TCM

MâCTO HaỐJIK)ZỉaeTCa

OTKJIOHeHHfl OT rpâMMãTHH ÊCKHX npaBHJI

CBH3&HHMC c

OCÕCHHOCTHMH pa3JIHHHbIX ^ỊHaJieKTOB H )KH3HeHHblX CHTyaựHỈÍ.
ÍĨ3Í>IK

ynacT B yeT

T a io K e

j!K )fleH . -H3LIK 0 p r a H H 3 y e T

B

n p o iỉe c c e

npH oốpeT eH R H

OĨIM T Jiio z ie H :

B e3

n eH K H

-

y

o p ra H H 3 a ự H H

x o j io ^ h o ,

a

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o n b iT a
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r o n o A H o ; B o r a a j i , 6 o r H B3HJI 6 o r ; H e B b i a a c b CB H H B a, H e c b e c T ; B B o p e , HTO B M o p e ,
a B ,o y p a K ,e HTO B n p e c H O M M O JiO K e...
OỖUỈHH

H3biK T a io K e n o,zw ep )K H B aeT cruiOHCHHOCTb o ố m e c T B a .

JIK)AflM K o o p H H H p o B a T b CBOH iỊCHCTBRH, 6 j i a r o a a p a

Oh

noM oraeT

y ố e a c a e H H K ) HJ1H o c y a c a e H H K )

£ p y r a p y r a . K p o M e T o r o , M e a y i y iiio a b M H , ro B o p H U ỊH M H n a O/IHOM H 3biK e n o H T H
aBTOM aTHHeCKH B03HHKỄU0T B 3 aH M O nO H H M aH H e H CO H yBCTBH e. B « 3 b IK e H a x o ;ự r r c f l
O T paxeH H e

O Õ U ỈH e 3H aH H fl JIK>,aeH

o

T p a aH U H H X ,

CJIO>KHBIIIHXCH

B O Õ m eC T B e

H

TeKymHX coõtiTHHx: TaKHM 06pa30M , H3biK BbipaacaeT KyjibTypy H apo^a, TO ecTi.
H aiỉH O H an tH yK ) K y n b T y p y . >Ĩ3Í>IK o 6 j ia ,a a e T BaacHMM CBOỈÍCTBOM B n p o ự e c c e C B o e r o
pa3B H T H fl,

H3biK

H a K O ĩu iH B a e T

HOCHTeJISI H3bIKa. H

x p a H íỉe T

H

O T pam aeT

ộaK T bi

K y n b T y p íd

H apo^a

3TO 3H&HHT H3bIKOBĨ>ie e/ỊH H H ựbl M OryT CTaTb HCTOHHHKaMH

CTpaHOBeaHecKOH HHỘopMaựHH. ripHBeaHM: Ee3 KOTa MbiLLiaM MacjieHHua, B T yny
c o CBOHM C aM O B apO M H e e 3 ,flflT ...
5Ỉ3biK B b ip a a c a e T K y n b T y p y , a K y jiĩ> T y p a c T H M y n H p y e T p a 3 B H T H e H 3biK a.

,HBa ộaKTopa flBJiJỉK)inero Ha pa3BHTHe coBpeMeHHoro H3biKa.
B o - nepBbix, 3TO
H

npH B O ilH T

K

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m eH ap 0 .HH0 CTb JiHTepaTypHoro H3biKa, KơTopaa npHB0aHJia

nOCTOHHHOMy

OÕHORHeHHK)

H H T epaT ypH blX

HOpM

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HX

o c B o õ o a c ^ e H H K ) OT y c T a p e n b i x 3JieM eH T O B B H e p T n p o T H B O p e n a m H X .o y x y H a p ơ ^ H O H

peHH TeH^eHHUHaM 06me«3tIK0B0r0 P&3BHTHH.
B o - BTopbix, 3T0 paciiBeT Bcex >KaHpOB COBpeMeHHOH nyjlHUHCTHKH, pa3BHTHe
C p e^C T B

MâCCOBOH

H H Ộ o p M a iỊH H ,

H enO C pe^C T B eH H O

O T p a a c a iO m H X

A b ix a H H e

BpeMẽHH, aKTHBHbie npouecchi, np0HCX0£5imHe H B o6mecTBe H B fl3MKe Cica>KeM
BM eC Te c
C ĩiyĩT ỈH K ,

P&3BHTHÊM
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H ayK H

3H aM eH H eM

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C y m e C T B y iO T T aK H e

H CK yCCTBeH H blH

15

c n y T H H K ),

H O B bie

rO H b K a

CJIOBa,

KSK

B O O pyaceH H ÍỈ,


MapKeTHHroBaa H cốtiTOBaa no-TCHTHKa, oốMeHHMH Kypc ptiHOMHbie MexaHH3Mti,
p b lH O H H aa

3KOHOMHKE,

CXaHOBpeM eHHO

H3bIK

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H H T epH eT ,

H C n 0 Jlb 3 0 B a H H tJH

B

K O M n b lO T ep ,

uepK O B H M X

BaJIK>THafl

K H H ra x

c

Õ H p a c a ...

Ka)KflfeIM AHếM

CTaHOBHTCH M ểpT B blM .
O iỉH H M CJIOBOM, H3bIK H OÕm eCTBO C y m eC T B y iO T B T6CHOH B3aH M 03aBH CHM 0CTH.

>Ĩ3bIK

KaK

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npOH3BO^ỊCTB6HHbIX

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K yjii>Typ 0 B e ím e c K H x npoH BJieH H Ỉí, c o x p a H H a CB«3b B p eM ẽH . K aK ố b i H e H3M eH »jioc&
0 ố m e c T B 0 B H3WKe B c e r a a o c T a io T c a CBÍ n p H c y u ỉH e TOÌILKO eM y p ea n H H K ynL T ypbi
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0Ố pa30B aH H H ,
CTpyK TypoH

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OTpa)KaỉOTCfl

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B » 3M K e

COCTaBJlíW

Ka>KiỊbIM CJIOBOM H
noH H TH e

cn euH Ộ H H ecK O H

OCOỐMÌÍ

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o 6 jia fla io m e e

H HỘopM aiỊHH

06

n iia C T

S3M KOBHX

rpaMMâTHHCCKOH

o n p e a e jiẽ H H !» iM

oõ b ểM O M

HCTOpHH TOCyaapCTBeHHOM

ycTpoăcTBe, ocõeHHocTsx reorpaỘHHecKoỉí cpea&i, npe^MeTax MaTepHajii>HOH H
.ayxoBHOH Kyjn>Typbi nponuioro H HacTOKiuero 3TH0rpa(Ị)HH H cị)0Jii>KJi0p a .2 HTaK, B
Jiio6oe BpeMA 5ỉ3biK B ceraa BbipaacaeT HaiỉHOHanbHyK) KyjibTypy. KpoMe Toro,

O^ỊHOBpÊMCHHO H3fcIKOM O T p aacaeT ca K yjiĩ> ryp a 3 T o r o H a p o a a H nOflBJIflK)TC5I HJIH
HCHe3aiOTCH HeKOTOpbie K yJIbTypH bie 3JieMeHTỈ>I M O^H ỘHUHpyeTCa H fl3í>IK.
4 . 2 . C B fl(3b MeHCay H3bIKOM H K O M M yH H K aU H eỉí

fl3biK ecTb Ba^KHeỉímee cpeacTBo õmeHHA. OcHOBaa ộyHKUHA H3HKa, rnaBHoe
o ố m ecT B eH H o e H a3H aneH H e -

ỗ b in . cpeacT B O M

o ố m e H H A jiK )fleH . H m c h h o M epe3

ri0C T p e;icT B 0 «3b iK a J1K)AH o õ e c n e H H B a io T H a ejia K )T A0CTynHLiM H ỊỤ\n a p y r H x CBOH
MLICHH, MyBCTBa, H aC T poeH H H H >KeJiaHHJI.

O t »3MKa 3aBHCHT caM0 B03M0HCH0CTb KOMMyHHKaTHBHoro aKTa. HejioBeqecKoe
oõm eH H e

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o 6 y m e c T B J ifle rc s

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OTH O iueH H K ) K H 3H K y -

ộ o p M a x ) . # 3 b iK 0 B 0 e o ổ m e H H e

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ycBoeHHe aaHHoro «3MKa ynacTHHKaMH oổiiỊeHM. O ho BMCTynaeT KaK KanecTBeHHO
OCÕMỈÍ oÕ M eH H H Ộ o p M a ự H e H -

H e n p o c T O o ố m e H H e KâK H x -

j i h 6 o ộaK T O B v u m

n e p e a a n a CBH3aHHEJX c HHM 3MOIXHỈÍ, HO H OỔMeH MHCHAMH n o n o B o a y 3THX ộaK T O B

2BHHorpaaoB B. c., riepeBoa. oốmne HiieKCHMecKHeBonpocu - YMeÕHoe nocoÕHe, 2-e H3fl nepepaổ,
M ockbu, 2004, cTp. 38

16


Hejlỉ>3fl OTpHUaTb pOJlb H3LIKa B KOMMy HHKâlỊHH. 3 ^ e c b BaHCHeHIlieH ộyH K U H H 513I>IKa
HBJiaeTCH K O M M yH H K aT H B H aa, e r o H a 3 H a n e H H e - cjiy>K H T b o p y ^ H e M o ố u i e n n H , T. e . B

nepByK) onepe,m> cjiy>KHTb opy^HeM oốMeHa MbicjiXMH, cjiy>KHTb opyiỉMCM nepeaaHH
HHỘopMaLỊHH OT o ^ H o ro K ApyroM y. H o K3BIK He T0JIÍ>K0 cpeacTBO nepe^aHH

rOTOBOH MbICJlH, a em ê cpeacTBO caM oro ộopMHpoBaHRH MĨ>ICJIH. BbiaaiomHỈỉCH
p y c c K H H n c H x o j i o j i o r c K a 3 a ji, HTO MBICJIH H e n p ơ c T O

B ĩd p aa ca eT C H B c j!O B e , HO H

coB ep m aeT ca B cn oB e.
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a p y r o ì í C T O pO H bl, KOMMyHHKaiỉMA -

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H TO n i a 3TOT H3bIK H a3 b IB aeT C fl “ M ẽpTBBIM ” .
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TeCHaa B3aHMOCBfl3b.
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H 3 B e c T H O , 4 T 0 K O M M y H H K aự iis ecTi> H e T0JifcK 0 n p o a y K T , HO H B a ^ H e ì í m a a H a c T b
K y jĩb T y p b i.

H e jit3 fl

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17

ĐAI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
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TypH3Ma, cry, 1998, ctp. 47

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19


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21