(Luận văn thạc sĩ) biến đổi đời sống tôn giáo, tín ngưỡng huyện đông anh trong giai đoạn hiện nay luận văn ths khu vực học 60 31 60

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI
INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES

NGUYEN THI THANH HOA

CHANGES IN RELIGIOUS LIFE, BELIEFS IN THIS PERIOD IN DONG ANH
DISTRICT

Major: Vietnamese Studies
Code: 60.31.60

SUMMARY MASTER THESIS

HA NOI - 2012

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REASSURE WORD

I declare, this thesis is my own research under the
guidance of Prof. science. Dr. Do Quang Hung. The
figures given in the thesis is honest and clear origin.
I bear full responsibility before the Scientific Council
on the content of this thesis.

Hanoi, May 2012
The author thesis

Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoa

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ATK

Safety zones

BTC

The organizers

HĐBT

Council of Ministers

HĐND

People's Councils

HTX

Cooperatives

MTTQ

Fatherland Front

TDTT

Sport

THPT

Secondary Education

TNHH

Limited

TNHHNN

State liability

TW

Central

UBND

People's Committee

UBMTTQ

Fatherland Front Committee

VAC

Gardens, ponds and cages

VHVN

Culture and art

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INDEX

INTRODUCTION PART ................................................................................ 1
1. Imperative of the dissertation topic ....................................................... 6
2. The context of research topics ............................................................... 7
3. The aim of the thesis research ............................................................... 8
4. Objects and scope of the thesis research ................................................ 8
5. The methodology of the thesis ............................................................... 9
6. Contribution of the thesis ...................................................................... 9
7. Layout thesis ....................................................................................... 10
Chapter 1: CONTEXT OF RELIGIOUS AND BELIEFS LIFE IN DONG ANH .......11
1.1. Introduction of Dong Anh district ..................................................... 11
1.2. Changes in the economy and society of Dong Anh district today ...... 16
1.3. The implementation of the Party resolution on religious activities and
beliefs of people in Dong Anh today ............................................................ 23
1.4. Definitions ........................................................................................ 31
1.5. Theorical background
Chapter 2: CHANGES IN RELIGIOUS AND BELIEF LIFE AND ITS RELATION
WITH SOCIAL- ECONOMIC LIFE IN DONG ANH DISTRICT ..............................38
2.1. Changes in religiogious life in Dong Anh district ............................. 38
2.2. Transformation in religion life in Dong Anh district ......................... 50
2.3. The impacts of economic and social life on the innovation process of

religion and rituals in Dong Anh district ...................................................... 87
2.4. The influences of religious life on economic and social life in Dong
Anh district .................................................................................................. 94
Chater 3: TENDENCY OF CHANGES IN RELIGIOUS LIFE, BELIEF IN
DONG ANH DISTRICT AND QUESTIONS ............................................. 101
3.1 Tendency of change and forecast overview of religion and state
management of religion in the district of Dong Anh in the coming years . .. 101

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3.2. A number solution to promote the positive elements of religious life
and belief for the development of social life in Dong Anh district .............. 108
CONCLUSION ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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INTRODUCTION PART

1. Imperative of the topic
Being one-thousand-year land, Hanoi has existed with plenty of profound
cultural value hidden from the past to contemporary life. Spirituality is an important
part of the precious heritages which Hanoi has always been preserving until present.
Facing the reforming period especially the urbanization trend, variations in religious
life and religious issues are becoming the Party, the State concern. The research
tends to emphasize on the variables for religious life and belief in Dong Anh district
- a typical suburban districts of Hanoi to show the interaction between economic
and social life with religious life in the context of contemporary society. On that
basis, the writer offers solutions to promote the values of religious life and belief in

a positive way, in accordance with the laws of the development process of
urbanization in Hanoi today.
Dong Anh, which is an ancient suburban area of Hanoi, is a convergence of
many cultural values including both physical and spiritual values of the capital. In
recent years, Dong Anh has also been known as the area with strong regional
process of urbanization. The strong development of local economy and innovation
in social activities have led to changes in regilious activities along with the content
of religion,worshiping ritual of the people within the suburban district. Therefore,
the topic focuses on analyzing the impact of two-way relationship between religious
faith and economic, social life and vice versa to clarify changes in the spiritual life
nowadays.
Religious belief is an important part of cultural and spiritual life, so changes
in religious life, beliefs in Dong Anh also contribute to the addition of private
meaningful data about the cultural field of Hanoi in contemporary life. On the basis
of the solution, proposed by the authors propose the thesis, the religious officials in
Dong Anh district are in charge of implementing the policy on religion, belief in an
consistent and effective way, with the aspiration of people in the district.

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For these above reasons, the topic "Changes in religious life, beliefs in this period
in Dong Anh district" has been chosen as the direction of the research thesis.
2. The context of research topic
Until present, there have been many researches on changes in religious life
and belief in Vietnam as well as many works in the areas of Hanoi which refers to
aspects religious beliefs. Therefore, we can name some books on religious beliefs in
this area. For instance, "Dai Nam nhat thong chi" Episode 4 referring to the popular
belief in Ha Bac and Son Tay including Dong Anh or "Geographical media" by Do
Trong Vi, Cultural Information Publishing House (1998) mentioning the customs

and beliefs of Bac Ninh, a section of ancient Dong Anh.
The work "Ha Bac aboriginal style Le dynasty" by Ha Bac Company culture,
published in 1971 also included a part about beliefs Dong Anh. Besides, there was
also the book " a-thousand- year Hanoi" by Vu Tuan, Tran Quoc Vuong which was
available to the issue of religion and belief in the suburbs of Hanoi, including Dong
Anh district. Particularly, the series of reports, "The Village" by Ngo Tat described
quite clearly the worshiping activities in the villages in Dong Anh, the hometown of
the writer.
Nonetheless, those books, apart from the work of "Dong Anh with thousand
years of Thang Long - Hanoi" by Bui Xuan Dinh, Ha Noi Publishing House in
2010, did not mention much about the context of religion in Dong Anh. In this
book, the author wrote about Dong Anh as an overview including natural
conditions, social, festivals, folklore, particularly academic tradition of this land
without mentioning many aspects of religious beliefs.
The book "The life of religion, belief Thang Long - Hanoi" by Prof. Dr. Do
Quang Hung, Ha Noi Publishing House, 2010 has pointed out the features of the
great religions in Thang Long - Hanoi. The book provided with valuable material on
the living definition of religious life and beliefs of people in Hanoi during the
current period. In addition, "Address of the Speaker," by the authors of the Institute
of Vietnam and scientific development, published in 2006 was also a need for
resources when deploying the writer threads. In this work the authors studied many

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aspects of Co Loa commune in depth, such as natural conditions, society, history
and culture, especially one part of the book tended to reflect the religion and beliefs
of the Co Loa area, a commune of Dong Anh district.
Also there have been some scattered articles on various aspects such as the
urbanization process, the Co Loa Festival, cultural heritages of Dong Anh published

in newspapers and magazines.
So far no particular work has directly mentioned the changes in religious life,
beliefs within Dong Anh area during the innovation process or exploited this aspect
by analyzing two-way interaction between social life in the process of innovation to
the cultural life of the spiritual current period. Therefore, it can be confirmed that
the dissertation topic is the first study to refer to the changes in religious life and
belief in Dong Anh district in the process of urbanization. The research is expected
to provide more practical and meaningful material for those who care about
religious life and beliefs in this area
3. The aim of the thesis research
The implementation of project "Changes religious life, beliefs in this period
in Dong Anh district" firstly sketches the picture of the activities of religious life
and beliefs in Dong Anh district during the reforming period then it deeply analyze
the two-way interaction between economic, society life and the changes in religious
life, beliefs in the reforming process
In addition, it also refers to the policies of the Party and State on religion,
belief, and the implementation of the Resolution in the specific case of Dong Anh
district (Hanoi).
4. Objects and scope of the thesis research
Scope of the thesis research is to understand the transformation of religious
life and belief in Dong Anh district (Hanoi). Due to the limited time of execution,
the research only analyzes the community of Catholics in Dai Bang and Mai Chau
village because it is reported that these two villages gain the highest concentration
of Catholics within the area of Dong Anh. Additionally, the research also Exploits
the transformation of Buddhism and the cult of King An Duong Vuong in Co Loa

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commune, the area with a number of Buddhists and exciting Buddhist activities

along with the famous Co Loa festival in and out of place on the 6th of January. On
the other hand, Vong La commune is chosen to become the study of ancestral
worshiping belief because it has become the most urbanized place within this
district. Finally, Viet Hung commune is the scope of the research on the changes in
folk religion because there were many mysterious true stories inside this area
widespread among folk community.
The main purpose of the research is to understand the economic situation - in
the process of social innovation and its impact on the existence of religious beliefs
in Dong Anh district in the process of urbanization.
Thesis-depth analysis of the changes of religious life, beliefs forms the
characteristics of those changes in the current period. In particular, it explores the
repercussions of climate change, religious life, beliefs affecting economic, social
life in Dong Anh district.
Since then, the thesis offers some observations and forecasts of trends in
religious life and belief in the district as well as proposes some solutions to promote
positive values of religious life to the economic, cultural, social life in Dong Anh
during the urbanization process.
5. The methodology of the thesis
The research used the methodology of religious education and specific
methods of sociology and anthropology of religion, such as:
+ Method of collecting, synthesizing
+ Method of statistical analysis
+ Comparison method which gets the results obtained in the thesis,
These methods are implemented by specific actions such as: field trips, up
questionnaires, depth interviews, retrospective survey, survey forms ...
In addition, the thesis has used interdisciplinary methods: application of the
results of many scientific fields such as economics, sociology, geography, history,
education, analysis and logic to find out the transformation of religion and belief.
6. Contribution of the thesis

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First contribution of the thesis is the variable-depth analysis of religious life,
beliefs and the typical two-way relationship between religious life and beliefs of
economic, social life of the people in Dong Anh during the process of urbanization.
On the other hand, it has made some forecasts of trends in religious life,
beliefs and proposed some solutions to promote the positive elements in the
religious life and beliefs to develop social economic development of the Dong Anh
district now and in the future.
7. Layout thesis
Thesis is organized into three chapters:
- Chapter 1: The context of religious life, beliefs, Dong Anh district
- Chapter 2: Changes in religious life, religion and its relation with social economic life in Dong Anh district the current period.
- Chapter 3: Tendency of changess in religious life, belife Dong Anh district
beliefs and questions.

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Chapter 1
CONTEXT OF RELIGIOUS AND BELIEFS LIFE IN DONG ANH

1.1. Introduction of Dong Anh district
Dong Anh district today, was officially established in September on reign of
Tu Duc (October 1876), on the basis of the villages belonging to the districts: Đông
Ngàn (Palace Tu Son), Kim Anh (Palace Bac Ha) of Bac Ninh province, Yen Lang
(Palace Tam Doi, Son Tay province). These are ancient lands, which were formed
along with the process of building ever since our ancestors of the Hung Kings. For
thousands of years in history, the generations of residents in the district general

fought back hard, struggled with the disadvantages of nature to explore and
reclamate, then formed dense villages. Basing on the economy of agricultural fields,
and combining with craftsmanship, the residents of the villages formed a institution
of village - commune which closely associated emotionally and attached
responsibilities of each member to the community. From that basis of socioeconomics, the generation of residents has created a tradition of cultural which gave
birth to definite nuances of the North and Xu Doai with temples, shrines, the fine
traditions , religious activities, festivals, folk art capital with a long rich tradition
and academia. Dong Anh have given birth to many talents. Dong Anh people in any
circumstance have contributed and sacrificed for the construction and defense.
Located in the north and northwest of Thang Long, Dong Anh district is a
key position and has an intimate relationship history, politics, economics, culture,
education with the Thang Long. It was once the Historian Phan Huy Chu noted as a
center of elites.
1.1.1. The natural conditions
Dong Anh district today is located in the northern capital of Hanoi.
- Soc Son district bordered on the north,
- The south boundary of the Red River and Duong River, across the river is
the Tay Ho, Long Bien and Dan Phuong, Tu Liem, Gia Lam;
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- The East Town Tu Son and Yen Phong district (Bac Ninh);
- The west of Me Linh district.
Overall, high terrain Dong Anh from north to and from the West to creates
two types of terrain. To the west and north is the high ground, mixed with hill
ranges. To the south and southeast are low-lying lands. On difficult terrain for
cultivation, construction of irrigation works, water regulation.
Regarding road traffic, Dong Anh lay in the path of God, comes from the
ancient Thang Long capital city to the north-east provincial towns. Two identical
street from the Thang Long Bridge Road, on the territory of East An district, the

communes of Phu Lo (Soc Son) is split:
- One way to Thai Nguyen to Bac Kan, Cao Bang (now Highway 3),
- One way to Vietnam Tri, Tuyen Quang, Thanh Thuy border gate to Ha
Giang province (now the National Highway No. 2).
Since 1988, the North Thang Long - Noi Bai, running through the town west
of Dong Anh district (Bac Hong, Nam Hong, Kim Chung .....) connected with
Highway No. 2 in Phu Cuong (Soc Son). There are also inter-district road system,
inter-communal.
Regarding transportation, Dong Anh is in north Ca Lo, Red River and Duong River
in the south, was a feudal arterial roads; today remaining an important role in
shipping. There are also small rivers, which are the tributaries of the Ca Lo River,
Red River, as Jiang Yellow River, the river Cards ...
With this key position, Dong Anh classes soon were the ancient Vietnamese
people from the midlands and coastal mountains to explore the process, set up the
village, the sea immediately after the last back to reveal the wetland, North Delta
around 4000 years ago. Moreover, in the third century BCE, Dong Anh was chosen
as the capital of Au Lac.
During the course of history of the building and between ethnic groups,
Dong Anh as the northern gate of the ancient Thang Long - Hanoi today. Between
districts and Thang Long has many ties back in many ways throughout the course of

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history. The evolution of political, military, economic and social capital are central
to impact Dong Anh and vice versa. The key position was ever since the Mau Tuat the year of tiger 938 - 966, when Ngo Quyen and the child successor ruled the
country, the district once again was chosen as the capital of both water.
During the fight in the North of the resistance and water-holding feudal
autonomy and local Dong Anh is the first fight in the north. In the campaign of the
August Revolution, many villages of Dong Anh was chosen as the ATK of the

central coast north of Red River. In the war against France, Dong Anh is famous for
Fort Xuan Canh, with tunnels Nam Hong ... In the war against American colonials,
Dong Anh with artillery in Loa and adjacent villages, contributing to firmly defend
the capital.
1.1.2. Economic fragmentation
Dong Anh which is in the middle of the Red River Delta, has the potential to
agricultural development. Both lowland and upland areas are more favorable
conditions for agricultural development in the direction of intensive rice cultivation,
cultivation of vegetables and flowers, food crops, industrial crops, fruit trees and
livestock production (aquaculture), but are be affected by the flood waters of
rivers. Every year, in the flood season (from early May to mid October),
floodwaters of the rivers rise, threatening crops, many years of decline and crop
yield. due to uneven terrain, due to limitations of technique and conditions of
private property regime should feudal land, mostly fields of the villages in the
district are implanted only one rice crop (or see or season, depending on the height
of reinforced soil). The villages in the valley (such as the Ha Van Ha ...), accounting
for only implant, but very hard farming, the fields are flooded to the memory level
buffaloes plowing to take home to transplanting, harvesting must use boats , very
low yield, while the wet season (from early May to August full moon, the white
water often flooded. The villages of highland (Loa, Xuan Canh, Xuan Non....) the
only transplanting a crop, although yields are higher and more stable farm occupies,
but still heavily dependent on nature, because the field has no irrigation system.

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Only since the mid-60s of last century , the chemical associated with the irrigation
cooperation occurs on a large scale has changed the face of the social field: the vast
area of implant parts are two crops of rice and a color service.
In agriculture, farmers have traditionally had created a variety of seedlings nature

of the local specialties, such as rice (see quail, worse ...), wheat flavor,white rice in many
districts Kim Anh commune old "white grain, aromatic rice from other provinces" - as
recorded in books Dai Nam nhat thong chi. The horticultural products are jackfruit, betel,
filling in the village of Co Loa, tea in two districts of Dong Ngan and old Kim Anh; cane
in villages along the Red River, tomato Non humiliated in the village of Spring ... Many
of these animal production recorded in the Dai Nam nhat thong chi.
The village of Dong Anh district also has many traditional crafts such as weaving in
Water Resources (Thuy Lam), touch wood Set inundation in the village (Van Ha
Commune), painted in the village of Phong Chau (Lien Ha), tofu Chai village (La Vong
commune), rice vermicelli Circuit Trang commune (commune Loa), cooking wine in
many villages ...
Development of commodity economy, convenient transportation system to
facilitate trade and exchange. In the district form a system of village market (home
market), meeting in session. Each village has a few clusters rotating meetings
market, making it also the day to exchange market. A large number of markets were
documented in books Dai Nam nhat thong chi, such as Dong Do Market, Lực Canh
(Dau Market). The fair in Loa (Loa commune), Kim (Xuan Mon), Van Tri (Van Noi
commune) ...are also the largest market in the district. Some villages have been
formed in the riparian station, and the crowded malls such as Nhoi station, Manh
Tan (Thuy Loi commune), city Van Khe (Nguyen Khe commune) ...
1.1.3. Social coditions
Most of Dong Anh district residents are farmers, living in the village. Each
village is a melting pot basic unit is the combination of neighborly relations with
blood relatives, self-governing nature and very social. Each village has two names:
the name Nom (or ancient Vietnamese name), used in communication daily and

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letter (or the name Han - Vietnamese), use of administrative papers, epitaphs, are

transcribed from the name Nom, such terms as: Cha Chu= Loa, Ke Doc = Duc Tu,
Ke Ong = Thiet Ung, làng Nhoi = Thuy Loi ...
Before the Revolution of August 1945, every village had a system of institutional
organization, including the family (who organized the collection of blood relatives),
neighbors Lane ((the organization set by its neighbors) , adjacent to (the organization set
by age class), guilds (the organization set preferences, career, spiritual purposes ...) and
the management apparatus as elders councils. Village owned conventions as a basis for
managing community life. Village is also the basis for making social - the final
administrative level of the feudal state, a basic function is to protect the security, tax
collection, phen complex maneuver wife translated. Before the Revolution of August
1945, most of the village as a commune.
1.1.4. Cultural conditions
Through thousands of years of history, the Dong Anh generation residents
has created a cultural layer, based on an economic basis is agriculture fields of
water, and organizational structure of villages. Culture Dong Anh village cia
clearly characterized by two regions north and Xu Xu Doai, but the most striking
feature is the structure for each type of village the village: the village agricultural
season, the dream, the riverside village beach land, village ...; in the system of
worship monuments (temples, pagodas, temples, text only, the family church,
church of celebrities). Associated with this monument is the worship rituals, the
festival honoring the village tutelary have contributed to the population with
water. Many Malaysians have the shows, the original oratorio form, such as the
Co Loa, the king in procession to the wrong meeting. Culture Village is
embodied in the customary fine, cohesive emotional and personal responsibility
to the community of family, village ...
The Dong Anh Village also has the type of folk art activities, which, in some
kind of known throughout the northern region, such as ca tru Lu Khe (Lien Ha),
troubled water for irrigation (Thuy Lam communce) ...

15

Most of the communes of today's Dong Anh districts: Dong Ngan (From Tu
Son), Kim Hoa or Kim Anh (Bắc Hà palace) of the Town Kinh Bac, a land with rich
cultural traditions, especially tradition and academia. In the remaining district is the
historical Lang Yen was noted by Phan Huy Chu that "the area under the town of
Son Tay, office supplies more prevalent”. Overall, under the feudalism, Dong Anh
region had 56 doctorates Confucianism, every few hundred Perfume drain, BA and
also Graduates rom financial statistics who could not be made statistics.
They were real people and mostly talented, virtuous bringing all the main
court and serving the country. Many people contributed significantly to the main
court building and protect the country, on the development of their village, the
historical record, honoring people, like Nguyen Thien Tung, Le Tuan Mau,
Nguyen Thuc, Nguyen Nghi, Trinh Duc Nhuan, Vu Cong Te.
The most common administrative geography is the basis for further
investigation of some Dong Anh in relation to the Thang Long - Hanoi through the
thousand-year history.
1.2. Changes in the economy and society of Dong Anh district today
1.2.1. Economic restructuring
Before the economic restructuring of the district's focus on heavy industry,
agriculture. When the renovation, the economic structure was redefined as agriculture
is leading to the front edge are: food, food and consumer goods. In the first 5 years
(1987-1992), the share of agriculture in economic structure was high.
Step into the process of industrialization and modernization, the value of
industry and services increases. Until now, the economic structure shift in the
right direction and positively towards industrialization and modernization with
high transfer speed in which the industry grew slowly but surely, gradually
reducing the agricultural sector, increased proportion of trade and services
(industry - construction: 50.4%, trade, services: 27.8%, agriculture, forestry and
fisheries: 21.8%. In agriculture, the planting 44.3% cultivation, livestock

55.7%). GDP growth averaged over 10% / year.

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 Construction industries
On the basis of

Nguyen Khe industrial zone, entered a period of

innovation, the business central district of the city and after rearrange Decree
388/HDBT most stable, are difficult to remove constraints, production and
business efficiency by market mechanisms, and striving to adapt to the new
mechanism, innovative managerial mechanism, accounted boldly investment,
renewal of equipment, technology, improved models improve product quality.
Therefore, many enterprises have rapid growth, the life of workers was raised.
The state enterprises continues to be sorted, consolidated, stable business trends
multidisciplinary and multi-sector meeting the requirements of the market
competition. The process of reorganization and equitization of State enterprises
and upcoming projects at home and abroad as well as the formation and went
into operation of Dong Anh Industrial Park, Hi-tech Industrial Park in Bac
Thang Long, small and medium industrial zones Nguyen Khe and Dong Anh
trade Center ... has changed the face of basic economic Dong Anh. So far the
district has basically completed the reorganization and equitization of State
enterprises. Besides the large industrial district advocates focused infrastructure
investment, exploiting the advantages of small and medium industrial and
settlement for thousands of workers with stable employment. Operating under
the corporate law and a favorable investment environment has a lot of non-state
enterprises, limited liability company .... went into operation.
To date, the district is 758 limited liability companies, 558 joint stock companies,

115 private enterprises, 30 state enterprises, 11 companies TNHHNN a member; over
13,000 individual business households, 77 businesses in concentrated industrial zones.
By rearranging production innovation management mechanism by highlighting the role
of autonomy of enterprises, investment technology innovation, equipment, goods,
increase productivity and product quality, industrial East England increasing
prosperity. Many agencies and businesses have stayed in the market mechanism and
make profits.

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 Restoring the village and form clusters of craft villages
For handicraft industry and craft villages, the district interested in the
construction of infrastructure: road systems, electricity grids, village planning,
environmental remediation. Entering the market mechanism, the handicraft industry
tradition began to be restored and developed its position confirmed. The phrase sub industries concentrated in Lien Ha, Van Ha .... recent years has many new branches
were opened and developed, such as spray paint pressed wood, carved stone, steel
scissors, Mother of pearl ... Products villages constantly changing, improving quality,
models to meet consumer tastes. The management of operating in small industry
clusters - village made more scientific, electrical, mechanical applications in the
manufacturing process more and more widely, creating high quality products . The
handicraft cooperatives be strengthened, paradigm shift towards equitisation. Limited
liability companies, private enterprises that increase the quantity and quality. Output
value of industry sector average increase of 16.2% / year.
 Development of agriculture goods
Since the renewal of the 1990 Party time focus on directing the district
agricultural development, stabilize people's lives. The implementation of Resolution 10
of the Political Bureau has opened up new directions for agricultural production,
creating new dynamics, production capacity is released, encourage all economic sectors
involved in the production and exploitation of available potential to promote

production and development.
Implementation of the program 06 of the Hanoi Party Committee on
suburban economic development, building new rural areas with the goal of
redeploying production structure gradually shifted towards the production of
agricultural goods (1992), Party district focused direction and coordinated
investment in agriculture, such as completion of delivery, certificate of land use
rights under 64 Decree of the Government, to direct the service of agricultural
enterprises, banks providers of electricity, water, materials and plant protection
service of agricultural production, upgrade and upgrade the electrical system
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(alone from 1990 -1995 has built 38 new and upgraded substations renovation
and replacement of 128 km of low voltage lines ...) focused on investment in
irrigation, upgrading irrigation systems, pumping stations and solidifying canal
system ... direct the effective restructuring of plants, seasonal changes in the
direction of increasing the proportion of plants with high economic value and
boosting the application of technical advances, the cultivation of rice, specialty
color, fresh vegetables, planting fruit trees, breeding and development of
decorative plants with economic value (area of production of crops of high
economic value in 2000 accounted for 20% of the total area planted annually);
efficient exploitation of the land potential, economic potential four specific
areas: beach, waterfront land, the valley, and high boost intensive cultivation
and development of farm economy, economic VAC.
Livestock and household farm economy growing, diversified products,
rich and strong move towards farming methods with large-scale industry.
Effective application of science and technology in animal husbandry in the
program: lean pork, leaving sin, cage culture of fish, frogs, turtles ..... Production
of pig pens annual production of 50,000 children, 7,500 cattle in maintaining
children. The proportion of breeding value of the total value of agricultural

production in 2009 to over 60%. The agricultural cooperatives are trying to rearrange the
support structure, transfer functions of production management services to manufacturing
organizations. To date, the district has 131 cooperatives (mainly cooperative production
and agricultural services), of which 27 new cooperatives and cooperatives established
under the law is interested in helping in training, fostering, construction business plan ...
Appeared as bright spots of cooperative services vegetable production in Van Noi, Nam
Hong, Loa; cooperative dairy development services at extended ranges ... establish and
develop the garden.
Generally in almost 25 years of innovation, the value of total agricultural output
increased an average of 6.4% / year. Production value and service on a hectare of
cultivated land increased from 12 million in 1990 to 116 million in 2009.

19


1.2.2. Changes in society
 Implement programs to create jobs, reduce poverty
Work jobs are focused, have jobs for over 48,000 employees. The poverty rate
declined rapidly and was essentially complete in helping poor households to solidify
their houses, repair houses damaged by direct plan of the city. Each year hundreds of
projects approved loan funds to support the country, with a total of hundreds of billion.
Regular care and attention implement policies for the family. Gratitude activities,
humanitarian, charity and social assistance to be deployed widely.


Solving social policy

In the years 1987-1990, the economic conditions are difficult, the Party
concerned district is directing the implementation of good work culture and society.
The family policy is the Party committees, governments encourage visits, gifts, free

health checks, support constraints, building houses of gratitude. Every year dozens
of homes have been given great solidarity, thousands of gifts, savings, ensuring an
average life in quite the martyrs, war invalids and Vietnam heroic mothers, for the
life one thousand beneficiaries of social insurance.
The charity is increasingly expanding, children in difficult circumstances,
lonely elderly care, free medical care to citizens under current policy, the poor, the
disabled and social relief Assembly, the percentage of malnourished children
decreased from 54% in 1990 to 2009 to 13.1%. The campaign to support the people
of Cuba, the people support the disaster area are numerous officials, Party members
and people actively involved.
Public health, health care people are increasingly improved. Quality health
care is raised gradually. Other forms of people's health care is increasingly
diversified, step by step to meet the needs of the people. Medical equipment has
been upgraded at all levels. Network of medical facilities to be consolidated,
consolidating and promoting effects. To date 100% of communes and towns in the
district recognized national standard of social health. The health center has essential
drugs to fund health care needs of the people. The dangerous disease, food safety,

20


private medical practice is not controlled positively to widespread epidemics.
National health programs and effective city, often over 99% of children under 1
year old fully vaccinated six vaccines. The inspection and supervision to ensure
hygiene and food safety are conducted regularly and effectively, not letting the big
cases in the province.
Population work - family planning to be deployed widely from district to
local. Promote advocacy for people in the target area implementation of family
planning, stable rate of natural population increase, implementation of measures to
reduce the birth rate down to 8.4 3 + 2009 and the percentage of children under 5

malnourished decreased to 13.1% (according to new criteria: 17.5%).
Scientific activities and technology continue to evolve and has contributed
positively to economic development - economic development district has been
researching and deploying an effective application of the subject district and city .
Investment in science and technology was enhanced information technology
applications in public administration at the agency DPC, in teaching and learning at
the school, pay at the banks increasing application of technical advances in
agricultural production.
1.2.3. Changes in culture
 Construction of cultural institutions and the organization of cultural
activities, sports
Implementation of the Central Resolution 4 seventh course, cultural and art
movements, sports a rich development. The traditional art form is restored.
Committees, governments at all levels and directed the organization to effectively
implement the project of building cultural village. The movement "All people unite
to build cultural life" is to promote quality commenting culture models is improved.
So far, 66 villages (villages) and the title of village culture and city district, 40 the
population of culture, 19 units of cultural district, 2 units of municipal culture, 82%
cultural families chemical. The construction program Hanoi elegant, civilized and
focused implementation of creative, cultural institutions are interested in investment

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activities celebrate the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long - Hanoi widely deployed .
Continue to implement effectively Directive 27 of the Political Bureau on the
implementation of a civilized lifestyle in wedding, funerals and festivals; has
implemented effective Council Resolution on the implementation of the evidences
of civilization progress far, has basically eliminate backward customs, not invited
guests of the day mourning, day 49 and day exhumation and mobilization for 25%

of households who make cremation death.
Movement to build new rural village culture civilized lifestyle, family culture
is vibrant people involved. 100% villages and building good institutions perform
conventional cultural village village recognized cultural village, 82% standard
family culture. Many traditional cultural beauty of the family clan, village
conventions inherited and community development.
Movement and sport pants are highly social, extensive development and
attract people to participate in class. 2009 number of people practicing sports
regularly reaching 31%, the number of families practicing sports regularly reach
29%. The traditional sports are more interested in efficiency. High performance
sport has been gradually strengthened and developed, especially the achievements
of British athletes achieve in the East Sea Games 22; 23; 24 and 25
Districts that invest billions for art activities, equipment and infrastructure systems
associated with the cultural institutions such as stadiums, swimming pools, radio
systems, cultural center of the village , post-cultural system made up of cultural
activities in residential areas ... Recovery and strong growth of villages in order to
exploit effectively the cultural values, enrich the spiritual life of the people.
 Recovery and promote traditional cultural values
Dong Anh is a land of tradition has a long cultural history. The district has
nearly 293 historical and cultural relics, of which 108 have been classified
monuments. There is a large monument of national stature as historical Loa
associated with State Au Lac and 2,000 years ago on a system of houses, temples
and pagodas. He has 9 points East revolutionary relics ATK central monument
Tunnels Nam Hong, Nguyen Khe heroic guerrilla, ...

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The ruins are ranked architecture offers distinctive cultural traits, including
many houses, temples and shrines of the gods preserved tree, ordained. Some work

sites through archaeological excavations, artifacts discovered many historical value
such as bronze drums, statues of An Duong Vuong, the Co Loa of arrows, ...
The historical and cultural monuments are also often associated with the operation
folkloric festivals bearing the national cultural identity like ancient classical drama
in Spring Quarter, Vietnamese Hung, Co Loa, Lien Ha; Ca Tru village Lo Khe (The
Ha) Rural Water puppetry Dao Thuc (Thuy Lam), singing opera in Hong Nam, Bac
Hong, Hai Boi, Kim Chung, singing Cai Luong in Ngoc Vinh, ... Welcome
procession forms, such as the rich ceremonial procession in to the wrong author
King (Swedish Forest), meeting in Vienna for Robbery Noi (Van Noi), the singing
folk games such as pipes, enough money, traditional crossbow objects martial
nation, cock fighting, human chess playing, cooking contest, control room.
Implementation of the Party Congress Resolution XXI th district (1986),
especially since the implementation of Central Resolution 5 VIII on "building the
Vietnam advanced culture imbued with cultural nation ", the Party and people in the
district have continued to conserve and effectively exploit the cultural values in the
direction of centralized investment recovery of folk festivals such as: Assembly" Kenlaw "in Yen , Assembly pounding rice cake in Ly Nhan (Tu Duc) ... ; The traditional art
forms such as opera, cheo, ca tru, reformed, water puppets, ... Investment funds, facilities
(building Thuy Dao Shu home village, the church at Ca Lu Cong Khe ..). The work of
actor training is emphasized. Organize annual rowing classes, similarity class youth, ca
tru class student and class composition of theatrical scripts. In many funds, district funds
invested billions replenishment and effective exploitation of traditional cultural values.
Since 1996, the annual district budgets are spent on 200 million for the preservation and
promotion of the cultural department of traditional arts.
1.3. The implementation of the Party resolution on religious
activities and beliefs of people in Dong Anh today

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Soon after its founding (1930), our Party has seen Vietnam is a country with

many religions. Although each religion has its own characteristics but are similar in
that co-exist in our nation. Even in these most difficult times, the vast majority of
religious people are siding with the revolution, the entire people in the French
defeated the U.S. imperialists and actively participate in building and national
development.
Especially, since the implementation of reform (from 1986), the Vietnam's
religious revival, rapid development and has direct impact to the economy - and social
security, order in the locality. Get that clear, our Party has timely review, and evaluate the
results of the religions on the basis that continued to refine the guidelines and policies
toward religion, to meet changing requirements New and international integration. The
renovation of our Party on religion is expressed through the views:
One is, religious claims are persistent problems. During the socialist regime,
the religious origins arose still exists and regularly to the impact of the religious
development. Since no formal recognition to this rule, combined with guilt,
prejudice of religion, so had the place before, at, we have policies and measures
dealing with religious violence, seeking to narrow, restricted religious activities. So
a strain in relations between the religious authorities, as public distrust of believers,
religious dignitaries of the Party and State.
To rectify and remedy deviations above, a number of resolutions of the
Politburo, the Party Central Committee, said: "Belief and religion are the same
people will exist in the process of building that society in our country. " This view
is the basis for the consideration and settlement of religious affairs in our country
today requires us to have calm and objective in considering and settling the
religious activities; ensure that religious activities in Vietnam in a normal way, legal
compliance, companion to the nation and socialism. This point also requires all
levels and all Party cadres and industry must overcome the subjectivity of thought,
impatient in dealing with issues related to religion in general, with particular
religious activities.

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Secondly, creed, religion is the spiritual needs of a sector of the population.
Party always consistent implementation of religious policies and ensure freedom of
religion. Against all violations of religious freedom, and against the abuse of
religion to harm the interests of the country and people. Third, religious ethics have
much in accordance with the building of the new society. During the birth, survival
and development, religion also has two positive and negative. The upside is that
these commandments, teaches believers towards good and do good, avoid evil. But
the negative side is that these cause people to live an acceptable part and "the
arrangements", even limiting their participation in the implementation process of
social reform by revolutionary methods.
Fourth, moderate religious work pays attention to reasonable religious needs
of the masses, just in time to fight the enemy taking advantage of religious
revolution.
Fifth, the core content of religion is the work of public campaigns, working
with people. In this work pay attention to the benefits themselves, the public
legitimacy of believers in general, dignitaries and officials in particular to the core
Sixth, do good work in religion is the responsibility of the entire political
system led by the Party.
Vietnam's achievements gained in the field of religion is a vivid evidence to
prove the religious right policies, open, real respect and protect freedom of religious
belief of the people, Party and State of Vietnam. The results have forced the U.S.
State Department to remove Vietnam from the list of countries of particular interest
in religion.
Since entering the reform era and especially after 1990, living faith,
religion in Vietnam is a vibrant and growing trend. Festivals in the type of
belief and religious organizations heavily on a large scale and place all parts of
the country. Christmas,, Buddhist ceremonies and other major religions and
folk beliefs to become citizens of the whole festival, drawing thousands of

participants. Splendid spring, people eager to houses, temples, shrines,
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