Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh với việc xây dựng nhà nước dân chủ nhân dân

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<b>CHU TICH Hd CHf MINH VOI VIEC XAY DUNG </b>

<b>NHA NUtrC DAN CHU</b>

<b> N H A N</b>

<b> DAN </b>

<b>LE MAI PHffONG (*) </b>

T

Q sau each mang thang Tam dd'n nay,
dudi su lanh dao ciia Chu tjch Hd Chi
Minh, ciia Dang cdng san Viet Nam,
nhan dan Viet Nam da thuc su lam chu nha
nudc eua minh. Mdt che dp xa hdi mdi, mdt
cude sd'ng mdi tu do va hanh phue da thue su
thay t h i cho cupc ddi tdi tam nd Id xua kia.

Tilp thu chu nghTa Mac- Ldnin va qua
nhung bai hpc kinh nghiem eua each mang
thang Mudi, Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh hieu rd: nha
nudc la mdt van de cd y nghTa quylt djnh tdi su
phat trid'n eiia mdi qudc gia. Ngudi da van dgng
nhQng kiln thQc tilp thu dupc vao thuc t l xay
dung nha nudc kieu mdi d Viet Nam. Ngay tu khi
each mang thang Mudi thanh cdng va Nha nude
Xd Vilt ra ddi, Chii tjeh Ho Chi Minh da nhan
thay dd la mdt nha nudc kieu mdi, mdt kidu nha
nudc cd dii sQc manh thuc hien tat ca nhung
dieu ma nhan dan lao ddng mong mud'n. Vi vay,
ngay sau khi dat nudc ta gianh dupc chinh
quyen ve tay nhan dan, Ngudi dac biet ehu trpng
ddn vide xay dung va eiing ed nha nude mdi
-nha nudc Viet Nam dan chii cdng hda.

Van de CP ban cua mpi cude each mang la
van de chinh quyen. Chinh quyin ay se thudc
ve ai va phgc vg quyen Ipi cho giai cap nao?
Dieu nay dupe Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh khing

<i>6\nh: nha nudc cua ta thanh lap sau each mang </i>

thang Jam la nha nude dan chu nhan dan, do
giai cap cdng nhan lanh dao. Tinh chat dan chii
nhan dan ciia nha nudc ta the hien ban chat td't
d?p eua mdt nha nude kieu mdi - dd la nha
nudc eua ca dan tdc, tidu bieu cho khdi dai doan
kit toan dan, tap hpp dupc dpi ngu can bd, cdng

<i><b>C) Ldp Xiy di/ng Bing 29B. Hgc vidn Bao chi </b></i>
<i><b>vi Tuyin tnjyin </b></i>

<i>chuc ed dao due va tai nang tham gia vao cdng </i>

cude xay dung nha nudc. Nha nudc dan chu
nhan dan cd hai chQc nang quan trpng la thuc
hien dan chii vdi nhan dan va ehuydn chinh vdi
ke thu. Tat ca mpi hoat ddng eiia nha nudc deu
nhim dat mgc dich phgc vu ddi sd'ng va mang
lai Ipi ich cho mpi tang Idp nhan dan lao ddng.
Mud'n thuc hien dupc mgc dich trdn, bdn canh
cac bien phap chuyen chinh de tran ap ke thu,
"nha nudc ta phai phat trid'n quyen dan chu va
sinh hoat chinh trj ciia toan dan de phat huy tinh
tich cue va sQc sang tao eiia nhan dan, lam cho

mpi ngudi cdng dan Viet Nam thuc su tham gia
quan ly cdng vide eiia nha nude"'''.

Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh la tarn guong sang
trong van de thuc hien dan chu dd'i vdi nhan dan.
La Chii tjch nudc, nhung trong tung jdi ndi, vide
lam, Ngudi ludn ludn tdn trpng ya ling nghe y
kiln eiia nhan dan, quan tam lo lang tdi ddi sdng
ciia mpi tang Idp nhan dan lao ddng. Trong xay
dung nen dan chu nhan dan, Chii tjch Hd Chi
Minh tran trd lam sao cho nhan dan dupc hudnc)
quyin dan chii. Theo Ngudi, ngudi dan ehi bidt
din gia tri ciia ddc lap, tu do khi hp cd com an,
ao mac, dupe hpc hanh, nghTa la dan bidt din
quyen dan chu qua ddi sd'ng hien thuc hang
ngay. Diiu nay chimg td, Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh
coi cai thidn va nang cao ddi sd'ng ciia nhan dan
la mgc tidu va hieu qua cua mpi cai each xa hdi
do chinh phu dan chii tiln hanh. Ngudi "lo ling
ddm ngay, nhin nhgc cd ging de thgc hien
nhurng cai each xa hdi de nang cao ddi sdng ciia
nhan dan, thuc hien dan chii thgc sg"'^'.

La ngudi dung dau nha nudc, Chii tjch Hd
Chi Minh da khdng ngQng xay dung nha nude ta
trd thanh mdt nha nudc dan chii thuc su, mdt
nha nudc cua dan, vi dan, do dan lam ehu; lanh

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dao nhan dan ta dpan k i t thanh mdt khdi viing
chac, thue hien thang Ipi eude each mang dan

tdc dan chii nhan dan va each mang xa hdi chii
nghTa d Viet Nam. Trong buc thu dau tien gui
cac bd, uy ban nhan dan eae tinh, huyen, lang,
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da ehi rd: eae eo quan ciia
chinh phu tu toan qudc eho den eae lang deu la
day td eua nhan dan, nghTa la de ganh vac viec
chung eho dan ehu khdng phai de de dau dan
nhu trong thdi ky thd'ng tri cua Phap, Nhat.

"Vide gi cd Ipi eho dan, ta phai h i t sue lam
Vide gi cd hai de'n dan, ta phai het sue tranh"*''
Mud'n vay, mdi can bd lam viec trong eae eo
quan nha nude phai di sau, di sat, phai quan
tam dd'n ddi sdng, den nhiing khd khan va
nguyen vpng eua nhan dan. Nhung neu nha
nude ehi cham nom tdi ddi sdng eiia dan khdng
thdi thi ehua du. Mudn lam dupc dieu dd, nha
nude phai biit huy ddng, td ehue va lanh dao
quan chimg nhan dan. Ngay sau khi nude Viet
Nam dan ehu cdng hda dupe thanh lap, Chu
tjeh Hd Chi Minh vdi tu each ta ngudi dung dau
Dang cam quyen va nha nudc dan ehu da rat
coi trpng vide nang cao dan tri, bdi dudng y
thuc lam ehu va ban ITnh cdng dan, khuyen
khich nhan dan tham gia vao eae cdng viec eiia
nha nude. Ne'u khdng ed su van ddng quan
chimg mdt each khoa hpe va dung dan eiia nha
nudc va eae cap chinh quyen thi lam sao chiing
<i>ta cd the thu dugc nhung thang Ipi to Idn tu khi </i>
nudc Viet Nam dan chu cdng hda ra dO'l "den

nay. Nha nude ta la nha nude eua dan, vi dan
va do dan lam ehu, dupe lap ra thdng qua che
dp bau cir true tie'p, phd thdng va bd phieu kin.
Mpi cdng dan Viet Nam deu ed quyen bau
<i>nhiing dai bieu uu tii nhat eua minh vao eae ca </i>
quan nha nudc. Do la quyen Ipi va nghTa vu.
Ngay sau khi tuyen bd doe lap, ngay 3/9/1945,
Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh da de nghj vdi Chinh phu
td chuc mpt eude tdng tuyen eu cang nhanh
cang td't "mpi cdng dan trai gai 18 tudi deu cd
quyen ung cir va bau eu, khdng phan biet giau,
ngheo, tdn giao, ddng gidng..." .

Ngay 6/1/1946, cude Tong tuyen cu dau
tidn da dupe td chuc tren pham vi ca nudc. Dd'i
<i>vdi nhiing ngudi dugc nhan dan gidi thieu, </i>
<i>Ngudi can dan du dugc bau hay khdng dugc </i>
bau, chiing ta cung phai het Idng het sue phuc
vu nhan dan. Nha nudc do dan bau ra, nhan
dan se thuc hien quyen lam chii cua minh
thdng qua nha nude. Hay ndi khac di, nhan dan

ed quyen kiem tra cdng vide ciia nha nude. Vi
<i>vay, nhan dan lai ed nhiem vu giup da Chinh </i>
phii de Chinh phii lam trdn nhiem vg ma nhan
dan giao phd. Rd rang, giua nha nudc va nhan
dan cd mdi lien he mat thilt vdi nhau. Mdi lien
he ay dupc the hien qua hai mat:

- Nha nude phai chju trach nhiem trudc nhan

dan ve nhung cdng vide eiia minh. Tat ca mpi chu
tarong, chinh sach eiia Dang va Chinh phu la deu
nham mue dich phgc vg Ipi ich eiia nhan dan.

- Nhan dan phai phat huy quyen lam chu
tap the eiia minh, ed nhiem vg chap hanh mpi
chu truong chinh sach, tich cue iing hd nha
nudc thdng qua vide hang hai tham gia cac
phong trao each mang, tranh t u tudng cue bp
ca nhan, y lai vao Chinh phu. Giua nha nudc va
nhan dan cd mdi quan he mat thilt vi trong che
dp ta Ipi ich eiia nha nude, cua tap the, ciia ca
nhan can ban la thd'ng nha't, do dd Chinh phu
va nhan dan phai doan k i t thanh mdt khdi. Ne'u
khdng eiing ed khdi doan k i t ay thi mpi chii
truong nha nude de ra cd hay dd'n may cung
khdng dupc nhan dan thue hien.

Chii tjeh Hd Chi Minh nhan manh vai trd lanh
dao ciia Dang cdng san Viet Nam ddi vdi nha
nudc, coi day la mdt trong nhiing van de h i t sue
quan trpng de dam bao cho nha nudc lam dung
vai trd ciia minh ddi vdi nhan dan. Dd la dieu ma
Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh da t i l p thu dupc qua ly
luan eiia ehu nghTa Mae - Ldnin va qua thuc tiln
eua each mang thang Mudi. Qua trinh hii ih ihanh
va phat trien eua nha nudc ta da chiimg minh
nhung quan diem cua Chii tjeh Hd Chi Minh ye
van d l nha nude tren day la hoan toan dimg dan,
phii hpp vdi ly luan eiia chii nghTa Mac - Ldnin,

dupc van dung mdt each sang tao vao hoan canh
ljch sir cu the d Viet Nam.

Ngay nay, dung trudc yeu cau eua su ddi
mdi, day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda
dat nudc thi vide xay dung va hoan thidn nha
nude phap quyen xa hdi chii nghTa la mdt tat
yeu khach quan. Hien nay, chat lupng bd may
va nang luc quan ly ciia nha nude da cd nhieu
ddi mdi va tien bd nhung van cdn nhiiu bat cap,
ehua that su la nha nude dan chii mdi: benh
quan lieu, xa dan, xa cap dudi, xa cP sd; tinh
trang phan tan, thidu trat tu, ky cuong trong he
thdng hanh chinh va trong xa hdi; bd may hanh
chinh cdng kenh, van hanh ehua that sU trpn

<i><b>pcem dip trang 41) </b></i>

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kiln thQc ehuydn nganh eo ban va kiln thQc,
ehuydn mdn, nghidp vg eho CBCC de lam vide
tdt hem, vi phan Idn CBCC lam vide ehua dunq
vdi ehuydn nganh hp dupc dao tao. Vide bd
sung, cap nhat kiln thQc can tien hanh thudng
xuydn, vi chung ta dang sdng trong mdt t h i gidi
thay ddi nhanh, khoa hpc cdng nghd phat trie'n
khdng ngQng. Tinh ehuydn nghidp can dupc
phat trid'n trdn nin tang cua kiln thue, ehuydn
mdn phu hpp vdi cdng vide eiia CBCC. Vide bd
sung, cap nhat kiln thQc dupc tiln hanh qua
cac khda dao tao, bdi dudng va qua vide cung

cap eae tai lieu can thilt eho CBCC tu nghien
eiiru, hpc tap.

<i>Thu hai, bdi dudng, tang cudng ky nang lam </i>

vide. Tang cudng ky nang l^am vide eho CBCC
ludn la ydu cau cap thilt de nang cao hieu qua
lam vide, de chuan hda cac ydu eau va each
thue lam vide ciia CBCC. CBCC lam vide gi diu
can dupc bdi dudng tang cudng ky nang de lam
cdng vide dd. Vide bdi dudng nay thdng qua cac
Idp bdi dudng ky nang thao tac thue hidn cdng
vide, qua kem cap bdi dudng ciia ngudi thao
vide va cd the qua vide cung cap cac tai lieu
nghe nhin dupc thilt k l theo chua'n de CBCC
cd the nghidn cQu, hpc tap.

<i>Thu ba, xay dung va hoan thidn quy trinh </i>

lam vide. Day la phan vide quan trpng ed tinh
chat quydt djnh trong xay dung tinh ehuydn
<i>nghidp ciia CBCC. Cac cdng vide can dugc </i>
phan tich, chia nhd va thilt k l theo mdt trinh tu
nhat djnh dupc chua'n hda. Cd the sp sanh nhu
vide thao mdt cai ddng hd eo rdi lip lai, phai
tuan theo dung trinh tu da thao ra, ndu lap
khdng dung thi ddng hd khdng chay dupc, phai
lam lai. De lam cdng vide nay, bd phan nhan su
kit hpp vdi dom vj sur dung CBCC cimg nghien
eiiru thilt k l quy trinh cdng vide trdn eo sd eae

tai lieu quy chuan da ed.

<i>Thutu, ddng vidn, thi dua, khen thudng va </i>

luan chuyen, thuydn chuyen CBCC. Ddng vidn,
thi dua, khen thudng CBCC lam vide, khdng ehi
dimg lai d van d l tinh than ma nen kit hpp vdi
cac dieu kidn vat chat ed the; bdn canh dd, can
<i>thudng xuydn tdn vinh, de cao nhung ngudi lam </i>
tdt, xay dung ta'm guong, didn hinh. Thue hidn
luan ehuydn de tao ra nhiing CBCC qidi nhieu
vide, bidt nhiiu vide va thuydn ehuydn de tim
nhung vide phu hpp trong he thdng vide lam da
cd eho nhiing ngudi khd ed kha nang phat trien
ndng luc lam vide d mdt cdng vide nao dd a

<b>CHU TICH HO CHi MINH... </b>

<i>(Tiip theo trang 26) </i>

tru; mdt bd phan cua dpi ngu can bd, cdng ehue
thidu kiln thuc, kem nang luc, kem pha'm chat,
tham ehi hu hdng... De thue hidn mdt ehinh
quyin manh me, sang sud't eiia dan, hoat ddng
ed hieu luc, hieu qua thi dieu quye't djnh la phai
nang cao pha'm chat ehinh trj, dao due each
mang va nang luc trinh dp eiia dpi ngu can bd,
cdng chuc nha nudc, bdi vi, van d l cd't tu ciia
cai each, hoan thien bd may nha nude la van d l
con ngudi. Ndu ngudi can bd, cdng chuc khdng

vi dan, vi nude, thieu can, kiem, lidm, ehinh, ehi
cdng vd tu thi kiln thue, kinh nghiem va tai
nang ed Idn cung se vd dung, ed khi edn gay tac
hai Idn hon cho each mang, eho dan, cho nudc.
De nang cao hieu luc, hieu qua ciia bd may
nha nudc, mdt van de phai lam la tich cue va
thudng xuyen da'u tranh chd'ng tham nhung, lam
trong sach bd may nha nude. Day la mdt cude
da'u tranh lau dai. De dau tranh chd'ng tham
nhung cd kit qua, phai bd sung, hoan thidn cP
chi, chinh sach, phap luat ddng bd, nhat la d
nhiing khau dd xay ra tham nhung, sach nhidu;
ddng thdi, phai xu ly nghidm minh theo phap
luat nhiing can bd, cdng chuc d bat eu cap nao,
ITnh vuc nao Ipi dung chuc quyen de tham
nhung. Xu ly ngudi vi pham ddng thdi lam rd
trach nhiem va xu ly ea ngudi lanh dao co quan,
don vj da de xay ra tham nhung, that thoat cua
cdng. Nhung de lam dupc vide nay qua la
khdng dd. Dd khdng nhimg la nhiem vu eua
toan Dang, ma edn la nhiem vu eua tat ca mpi
ngudi trong xa hdi, dd cung la mdt quylt tam Idn
eiia Dang va Nha nude ta a

Ghi chu:

<i>(1) Pham Van Dong: Ho Chu tich lanh tu </i>
<i>eua Chung ta, Nxb Su that HN, 1963, tr. 16. </i>

<i>(2) Ho Chi Minh Toan tap, Nxb CTQG HN, </i>

<i>2000, tap 7, tr.232. </i>

<i>(3) Ho Chi Minh Toan tap, Nxb CTQG HN, </i>
<i>2000, tap 4, tr.56-57. </i>

<i>(4) Ho Chi Minh Tuyen tap. Nxb Su that HN. </i>
<i>1980. tap 1. tr.366. </i>

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