Hội văn hoá toàn quốc lần thứ hai (7-1948) bước ngoặt phát triển trong sự nghiệp xây dựng nền văn hoá thế giới.

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N H O ' N G V A N Dt CHUNG V t LjCH SLP D A N G

<b>' ' HOI NGH! VAN HOA TOAN QUOC LAN THl) HAI (M948) </b>

<i><b>m C NGOAT PHAT TRIEN TRONG Slf NGHIEP XAY Dl/NG NEN VAN HOA MOI </b></i>

<i>( ••: </i>

<b>ThS HOANG THI HONG NGA </b>

T

ir ngay ra ddi va dam nhiem sii menh
lanh dao each mang Viet Nam, Dang
ta ludn coi van boa la mdt mat tran dau tranh
each mang eye ky quan trgng nham danh
thang ke thu, mdt vii khi tu tudng sac ben gdp
phan xoa bd xa hdi cii, xay dyng xa hdi mdi
va con ngudi mdd. Sau Cach mang thang Tam
1945, Nha nude kieu mdi ra ddi, mdt nen van
hda mdi dugc xay dyng. Trong chin nam
khang chien toan dan, toan dien chdng thyc
dan Phap (1945-1954), van de khang chien ve
mat van hda dugc dat ra nhu mdt trong nhirng
cugc dau tranh quan trgng. Ddng chi Tmdng
-Chinh khang dinh: "khang chien ve mat quan
sy, chinh tri, kinh te chua du ggi la khang
chien tgan dien. Phai khang chien ve mat van
hda niia".

Vdi yeu cau dd, trong cugc khang chien.
Dang da md mdt sd hdi nghi quan trgng
nham xay dyng va hoan thien dudng Idi van

hda khang chien, trong dd Hdi nghi van hda
toan qudc Ian thii hai la mdt sy kien cd y
nghTa to Idn.

Hdi nghi dugc td chiic trong bdi canh cugc
khang chien cua quan va dan ta budc vao giai
dgan quylt liet. Miia Xuan nam 1948, Dang ta
phat ddng phong trao thi dua ai qudc. Ngay

11-Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi

6-1948, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ra Ldi keu ggi
Thi dua ai qudc. Tiep dd, nhieu hdi nghi thi dua
ai qudc da dugc trien khai d cac nganh, cac
gidi, cac cap. Viec trieu tap mdt hdi nghi trong
nganh van hda ciing nham vao myc dich thi
dua ai qudc cua tri thiic, cac van nghe sT.

Sau Hdi nghi van hda Ian thii nhat
(11-1946), cac van nghe sT da len dudng Nam tien,
theo cac don vi bd ddi ra mat tran. Chiing ta
thay xuat hien mdt the he van nghe sT vira la
chien sT vira la nghe sT. Nhung van de thyc
tien da lam nay sinh nhung van de, yeu cau
can phai cy the hda, ly giai rd ve mat ly luan
trong mdt hdi nghi chinh thirc.

Hdi nghi van hda toan qudc Ian thii hai hgp tir
ngay 16 den 20-7-1948 tai Dag Gia. Den dy cd
dai bieu cac nganh, cac khu Day la Ian diu tien

tir khi nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda ra ddi
(1945), tren IMi vyc khoa hgc, van hda, cd mdt
Hdi nghi van hda cd quy md Idn den nhu the.

Myc dich ciia Hdi nghi nhu ddng chi Tmdng
- Chinh chi ro, la nham: "dinh rd phuong cham
boat ddng van hda, doan ket cac nha van hda
nude ta thanh mdt mat tran, ddng vien cac lye
lugng van hda nude ta de ddc vao cugc chien
diu cua dan tdc, de dudi giac ciiu nude va xay
dyng mdt nen van hda Viet Nam mod"'.

Dac biet quan tam cdng tac van hda, Chu tich
Hd Chi Minh giri thu cho Hdi nghi. Nhung chi

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N H O N G V A N Oe CHUNG V^ L|CH S I J O A N G

din sau sic ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh trong biic dien va rit tiln bg cua cac nha van hda Viet
thu cd gia tri soi dudng cho sy nghiep van hda Nam duong thdi. Van hda khdng chi ban hep ve
each mang: "... tir nay trd di, chung ta cin phai van chuong van nghe ma van hda bao gdm
xay dip mdt nin van hda khang chiln kiln qudc nhilu ITnh vyc khac cua ddi song van hda la van
<i>thilt thyc va rdng rai dl giiip sy nghiep khang hda- khoa hgc- giao dye. 6 ITnh vyc nao, cac </i>
chiln kiln qudc cua toan dan, tdi thilt tudng, cac bao cao ciing trinh bay thanh tyu da dat dugc
nha van hda ta cin td chiie chat che va di sau vao qua hai nam khang chiln, ddng thdi chi ro cac
quin chung. Nhiem vy cua van hda ching nhirng khuylt dilm, tdn tai. Va quan trgng hon het la
dl cd ddng tinh thin va lye lugng khang chiln cac bao cao diu vach ra dugc cac phuong
kiln qudc vT dai ciia ta cho thi gidi bilt. Cac nha hudng, kl hoach hanh ddng cho moi ITnh vuc
van hda ta phai cd nhung tac phim xiing dang, van hda Dilu dd cho thiy du trong hoan canh
ching nhung dl biiu duong sy nghiep khang khang chiln gian khd, cac nha van hda khi tham
chiln, kiln qudc bay gid, ma cdn luu tmyin gia Hdi nghi mang trong minh nhiing tran trd,

<i>nhiing guong mau oanh liet khang chiln kiln nghT suy dk ddng gdp nhung y kiln cd y nghTa </i>
qudc cho con chau ddi sau"l thilt thyc nhim hudng tdi xay dyng, hoan thien

Hdi nghi da chia ra cac ban chuyen mdn. nen van hda mdd.

Trong 5 ngay lam viec, mdi ban cd cac dai Hdi nghi da ghi nhan nhiing ddng gdp quan
<i>biiu trinh bay tham luan vl cac vin dh cy thi trgng ve mat ly luan van hda thdng qua nhieu </i>
<i>va tiln hanh thao luan. bao cao cd gia tri, tieu bi^u nhat la bao cag Chit </i>

<i>Ngay giao due vd ngdn ngirvdntu (16-7-1948). nghia Mdc vd vdn hda Viet Nam do Tdng Bi </i>
<i>Ngdy khoa hgc tu nhien vd xd hoi (17-7-1948) thu Tmdng - Chinh trinh bay. </i>

<i>Ngdy vdn nghe (18-7-1948). Tmdc do, nam 1943, Dang ta da ra van kien </i>
<i>Ngdy td chire vdn hda (19 vd 20-7-1948). cd y nghTa mdt cuong lihh van hda cua Dang la </i>
<i>Trong 5 ngay lam viec, da cd 21 bao cao De cuong vdn hda Viet Nam, dua ra cac nguyen </i>
dugc trinh bay tai Hdi nghi (ke ca dien van khai tie co ban ciia nen van hda mdd Viet Nam mang
mac va bl mac). Cac bao cao da de cap tdi gan tinh chat: Dan tdc- Khoa hgc- Dai chiing.
nhu tgan bg cac ndi dung, phuong dien, ITnh Ban De cuong dd cd y nghTa rat can ban
vyc cua van hda - khoa hgc d Viet Nam trgng nhung chi la nhung phac thao so luge, cd tinh
bdi canh cugc khang chien, ca ve ly luan van chat dinh hudng ban diu cho van hda Viet
hda ndi chung ciing nhu cac van de chuyen mdn Nam. Cdn nhiing sy cu the hda, chi tiet hda thi
cy the. Cac ndi dung chii yeu tren hai IThh vyc chiing ta chua cd dieu kien de phat trien len.
khoa hgc co ban la: khga hgc ty nhien gdm y Bdi the, trong Hdi nghi van hda toan qudc Ian
<i>hgc, tgan hgc...; khoa hgc xa hdi gdm: van hgc, thii hai (7-1948), bao cao Chu nghia Mdc va </i>
<i>van nghe, sir hgc, ngdn ngii hgc, am nhac, hdi vdn hda Viet Nam da phat trien De cuong vdn </i>
<i>hga.. .Cac bao cao da gan nhu "phii kin" cac hda Viet Nam mdt each cu the va toan dien, </i>
van de cua van hda- khoa hgc- giao due- nghe neu rd ndi dung, phuong cham, phuong phap
thuat. Dieu dd cho thay dugc mdt cai nhin da va nhiem vy cua van hda, van nghe dan chu

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NHCPNG V A N Oe CHUNG V^ L|CH S L T D A N G

mod, da trinh bay nhirng nguyen ly co ban cua
chii nghTa Mac-Lenin, phac qua lich sir phat
trien ciia van hda dan tdc, lay dd lam co sd cho
sy phat trien ciia van hda mdi cua dan tdc, dudi
sy lanh dao cua Dang cua giai cap cdng nhan.

Ban bao cao cd y nghTa vd cimg quan trgng
ve mat ly luan, dinh hudng ve thyc tien trong
viec xay dyng van hda mdd Viet Nam.

<i>Chu nghia Mdc vd vdn hda Viet Nam gidi </i>
thieu tinh chit khoa hgc cua the gidi quan
Mac-Lenin, khang dinh tinh giai cap ciia van hda, sy
chi phdi cua chinh tri ddi vdi van hda, bac bd
quan diem cho rang van hda cd the trung lap,
tach rod van nghe khdi chinh tri, neu rd vai trd
lanh dao ciia giai cap cdng nhan ddi vdi van
hda Ban bao cao vach rd quy luat tien hda cua
van hda Viet Nam la tit yeu phai di den van hda
dan chii mdi. Trung tam cua ban bao cao la trinh
bay tinh chat va nhiem vy van hda dan chu mdi
Viet Nam. Tiep dd, ban bao cao neu len sy can
thiet phai td chiic mat tran van hda thdng nhat
trong Mat tran dan tdc thdng nhat, chi ra quan
he giira van hda Viet Nam va van hda the gidi.
Cudi cimg, ban bao cao giai dap mdt sd van de
cy the: nghe thuat va tuyen tmyen, chii nghTa
hien thyc XHCN, cdng tac phe binh van nghe,
lam the nao de sang tac van nghe dugc tdt, van

nghe va phong trao thi dua ai qudc.

<i>Chu nghia Mdc vd vdn hoa Viet Nam la tac </i>
pham ly luan bet sire quan trgng, giai quyet hoac
vach hudng giai quyet tit ca nhirng van de van
hda, van nghe dang dat ra, md ra thdi ky mdi
trong sy phat trien cua van hda khang chien.
Ban bao cao da trinh bay mdt dinh nghTa sang
sua vl van hda, neu ra nhiing nguyen ly va quy
luat CO ban rit dimg din va khga hgc ve sy phat
trien cua van hda, sy lien quan giira van hda vdi

cac ITnh vyc khac cua ddi sdng. Ddng thdi, da
nhin nhan lich sir van hda, van hgc Viet Nam
mdt each dung din, phan tich va danh gia xac
dang mgi trao luu van hgc, dat co sd ly luan cho
viec ke thira vdn cii, viec khdi phye lai ca mdt
nen van hgc cua cha dng ta da bi che do thyc
<i>dan coi re, viii dap. Chu nghia Mdc va vdn hda </i>

<i>Viet Nam da. phan tich, thuyet phuc cac nha van </i>
hda, van nghe "manh dan diing dudi la cd ciia
ddi quan tien phong"'' la giai cap cdng nhan, bac
bd quan niem trung lap ve van hda van nghe,
quan diem sai lam ve ty do sang tac, khang dinh
quan diem diing din ve ty do sang tao.

Bao cao cung giai d ^ thda dang van de nghe
thuat va tuyen truyen - mdt van de gay nen cugc
tranh luan sdi ndi trong khang chien, dac biet la

trong cac van nghe sT. Ddng chi Tmdng - Chinh
vach ro: "Ti^en truyen ciing la mdt thii nghe
thuat.. .Va bit cii tac phim nghe thuat nao cung cd
it nhieu tinh chit tuyen truyen.. .Tuyen trir/en cao
tdi mdt miic nao dd thi tuyen tn^en trd thanh nghe
thuat Nghe thuat thiet thyc tdi mdt miic nag dD thi
nghe thuat cd tinh chit rd ret cua tuyen truyen"^.

Bao cao da trinh bay nhirng dieu co ban ve
<i>chii nghTa hien thyc xa hdi chii nghTa Va vdn </i>
<i>hoa phdi di sdt qudn chiing de diu dat, gido due </i>
<i>qudn chung, ndng cao trinh do qudn chiing. </i>
<i>Ban bao cao Chu nghia Mdc vd vdn de vdn hoa </i>

<i>Viet Nam cd mdt gia tri rat Idn ddi vdi sy phat </i>
trien cua nen van hda, van nghe dan tdc, va ban
than nd la mdt cdng trinh ly luan van hda macxit
chien dau sau sac. "Nhieu van de neu len trong
ban bao cao hien nay van cdn mang diy du gia
tri va siic thuyet phuc ciia nd"^

Hdi nghi van hda tgan qudc Ian thii hai da
the hien mdt budc tmdng thanh Idn trong ly
luan van hda cua Dang ta

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<b>NHCPNG V A N Oe CHUNG V^ L|CH SU" O A N G </b>

Hdi nghi da dat nIn mdng cho mdt td chiic van
hda thdng nhit tiic la Hdi Van hda Viet Nam.

v l mat td chiic, thanh cdng cua Hdi nghi la
da biu ra mdt td chiic cd eg cau rd rang nham
chi dao mat tran van hda mdt each thdng nhat,
khic phuc cac nhugc diem nhu "sy hgat ddng
rdi rac cua cac nganh, cd nhieu luc, cd nhieu
chd, sy phat trien ay cd tinh chit ty phat, do d
dudi ma phat sinh... nganh nao biet nganh ay
ma khdng cd sy lien lac mat thiet vdd cac nganh
khac, thieu td chiic, thieu ke hoach, thieu mdt
trung tam chi dao de dieu khien va dieu hda sy
phat trien chung ciia van hda"^. Tir day, "cac
nha van hda chiing ta da cd mdt td chiic chung",
va bang mdt chuong trinh boat ddng thich hgp
vdi hoan canh, cac ban van hda, chiing ta se
dugc dem bet tai nang cua minh de phyng sy
cho khang chien, kien qude"^.

Hdi nghi van hda toan qudc Ian thii hai nhu
la mdt mdc son danh diu qua trinh tmdng thanh
ciia Dang ta trong qua trinh lanh dao xay dyng
nen van hda mdd mang tinh chat dan chu nhan
dan, la ban le md ra mdt giai doan mdi trong
van hda Vi vay, Hdi nghi cd gia tri soi sang
them nhirng dieu cdn ban khoan trong cac van
nghe sT, cac nha van hda: "Hien nay da cd nhieu
<i>nha van hda di vao hang ngii, tien mdt nhip ytn </i>
toan dan. Nhung biet bao ngudi van loay hoay,
liing tiing hoac van sdng ben ria cua cugc chiln
dau cua dan tdc... hdi nghi van hda nay la mdt
cai da thi dua cho van nghe sT nude ta"^.

Thanh cdng cua Hdi nghi la: "chiing ta da
thay d day mdt quan niem diing myc ve van
hda Chiing ta da thay d day nhiing cai dep vl
nghe thuat. Chiing ta cdn cam thiy d day mdt
mdi tinh ndng tham trong cai dai gia dinh van
hda Viet Nam"^.

Trong khang chiln chdng thyc dan Phap
(1945-1954) tren lihh vyc van hda da chiing to
dugc mot dieu rang "van hda khi di vao quan
chiing se trd thanh mdt siic manh vat chit to
ldn"'°. Vdi dudng ldi van hda "khang chien hda
van hda, van hda hda khang chien". Dang ta da
lanh dao ca dan tdc gianh dugc nhieu thanh tuu
nhim xay dyng mdt nen van hda mdi, Ian diu
tien xuit hien trong lich sir Viet Nam: nen van
hda dan chu nhan dan. Qua trinh lanh dao tren
lihh vyc van hda da the hien ro budc tmdng
thanh cua Dang kl ca trong ly luan cung nhu
trong thyc tien chi dao van hda Hdi nghi van
hda toan qudc Ian thii hai xiing dang di vao lich
sir van hda Viet Nam nhu mdt mdc son cua su
tmdng thanh ve van hda trong bdi canh cugc
khang chien "gian khd nhung vT dai". Da timg
cd mdt nha bao nude ngoai thdt len rang: "That
la mdt sy ky dieu, trgng hgan canh nhu vay, dan
tdc cac anh da khang chien va cdn xay dung nen
van nghe cho nhan dan"".

<i>1, 3, 4, 5. Truang - Chinh: Chu nghia Mdc va </i>

<i>vdn hoa Viet Nam, ST, H, 1960 </i>

2. Thu de ngay 15-7-1948

6. Tran Van Giap: "Dien van khai mac hoi nghj".

<i>Hoi vdn hoa Viet Nam, Kyyeu hoi nghi vdn hoa todn </i>
<i>quoc, 1948, 20-9-1949, tr. 17 </i>

<i>7,9. Tran Huy Lieu: "Dien van bl mac". Hoi van </i>

<i>hda Viet Nam, Ky yeu hoi nghi vdn hoa todn quoc, </i>

7945,20-9-1949, tr. 166,165

<i>8. Xem Ha Xuan Truong: Dudng loi vdn ngM </i>

<i>cua Ddng, vii khi tri tue anh sdng, ST, H, 1977, tr.98 </i>

<i>10. Smi tap tron bo Tien phong, NXB Van hQC, </i>
H, 1996,tr.l

<i>11. Leo Figueres: Tap hoi ky Cach mang, khdng </i>

<i>chien, dai song vdn hoc, H, 1995, tr. 148. </i>

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