Đề tài " Energy Sector Liberalisation and Privatisation in Thailand - Tự do hóa ngành năng lượng và Tư nhân ở Thái Lan "

National Energy Policy Office
Energy Sector Liberalisation
and Privatisation in Thailand
by Piyasvasti Amranand
Inspector General, Office of the Prime Minister
APEC Energy Working Group
Implementation Facilitation Team to Thailand (IFAT)
A Follow-up Workshop
Karon Villa & Karon Royal Wing
17-18 August 2000
National Energy Policy Office
Management of the Energy Sector
•
Since there is no Energy Ministry in Thailand,
responsibilities related to energy are scattered
across 9 Ministries.
•
The National Energy Policy Council (NEPC) is
responsible for determining energy policy.
•
The National Energy Policy Office (NEPO) acts as the
secretariat to the NEPC. NEPO undertakes policy as
well as regulatory work.
•
In the near future, an independent regulatory
authority will be established for the electricity and
natural gas sectors.
National Energy Policy Office
Objectives of Reform
•
Increase competition to achieve efficiencies and

ensure supply at reasonable prices
•
Promote more efficient energy use
•
Reduce the government investment burden
•
Ensure best possible service, price and safety
standards
•
Encourage public participation
•
Develop the capital market
•
Optimise the value of the public’s stake in the sector
National Energy Policy Office
Implementation of ESI Deregulation
•
The process started in 1992 and effort over
1992-2000 has concentrated on introduction of
competition at the generation level
–
New Investment : Small Power Producer (SPP),
Independent Power Producer (IPP) programs and
power purchase from Lao PDR
–
Existing Asset : Initial Public Offering (IPO) of
EGCO in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) and
sale of 14.9% to China Light and Power
•
Development of a long term structure for ESI in

1992 with updates in 1996, 1998 and 2000
National Energy Policy Office
Implementation of ESI Deregulation
(con’t)
•
The latest plan approved by NEPC on 13 July 2000
provides a detailed road map of reform over the
next 5 years
•
Restructuring under the current plan
– Privatisation of Ratchaburi Power Plant (2000)
–
Privatisation of EGAT’s Thermal Power Plants (2003)
–
Establishment of a power pool and independent regulatory
body (2002/3)
– Introduction of retail competition (2003)
– Restructuring of MEA and PEA
National Energy Policy Office
Regulations to Purchase Power
from SPP
•
Cogeneration & Renewable
–
Cogen: Efficiency >45% and steam >10%
–
Renewable: May use up to 25% commercial
energy
•
Direct sale to third party outside regulations

•
Each sale into transmission system not
greater than 60 MW (90 MW on case by case)
National Energy Policy Office
Status of the SPP Program
•
As of June 2000, 95 proposals had been submitted with
total capacity for sale of 4,646 MW
•
NEPC has approved the purchase of up to 3,200 MW
from SPP projects by EGAT
•
As of June 2000, 52 proposals had been accepted with
total capacity for sale of 2,136 MW and 1 proposal is still
waiting for approval with capacity for sale of 3 MW
–
50 contracts signed
–
2 contracts under negotiation
–
1 proposal under consideration
National Energy Policy Office
Status of SPP Projects (con’t)
•
41 projects are already in operation with total
generation capacity of 2,883 MW and total sale to EGAT
of 1,580 MW.
•
It is estimated that 2 projects (capacity : 510 MW,
sale : 130 MW) would not be completed, bringing the

amount of power purchase by EGAT down to 2,006 MW.
•
Of the 2,006 MW, 1,828 MW is firm energy.
•
The surprisingly high success rate is due to capital
injection by a number of foreign strategic partners eg.
CMS, Sithe Energy, Ogden, National Power, Air
Products, Tractebel, Fortum and Heat Oy
National Energy Policy Office
SPP Proposals Classified by Type of
Fuel (as of June 2000)
Number of
Projects
Generating
Capacity (MW)
Sale to
EGAT (MW)
Commercial Energy
Natural Gas 22 2,863 1,588
Fuel Oil 1 10 9
Coal 7 760 386
Sub Total 30 3,633 1,983
Renewable Energy
Bagasse 15 316 71
Paddy Husk,
Wood chips
6 126 57
Black Liquor 1 33 25
Sub Total 22 475 153
Total 52 4,108 2,136

National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from SPP
(as of June 2000)
Firm Non Firm Total
Proposals Submitted
Number of projects 67 28 95
Generating Capacity (MW) 7,686.8 665.4 8,352.2
Sale to EGAT (MW) 4,459.9 186.3 4,646.2
Received notification of acceptance
Number of projects 30 22 52
Generating Capacity (MW) 3,496.9 611.3 4,108.2
Sale to EGAT (MW) 1,958.4 177.6 2,136
Contract Signed
Number of projects 30 20 50
Generating Capacity (MW) 3,496.9 556.4 4,053.3
Sale to EGAT (MW) 1,958.4 149.6 2,107.9
Supply power to the grid 22 19 41


National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from IPP’s
•
EGAT issued requests for proposals 15 December 1994,
with proposals submitted 30 June 1995
• Capacity Requirement
–
1996 - 2000 1,700 MW
–

2001 - 2002 3,500 MW
–
2003 600 MW
–
Total 5,800 MW
•
Type of Fuel
– Non-conventional energy, except
nuclear - Natural Gas
–
Coal - Orimulsion
• Locations
–
Central Region: Saraburi, Lopburi, Ang Thong, Singburi, Ayutthaya,
Nakhon Nayok
–
Western Coast: Prachuap Khiri Khan, Phetchaburi, Ratchaburi, Samut
Sakhon, Samut Songkhram
– Eastern Coast: Chonburi, Rayong, Prachinburi, Sa Kaeo
National Energy Policy Office
First Round IPP Solicitation
•
Seven PPA’s signed
–
IPT (THAIOIL, Unocal, Westinghouse)
–
TECO (Texaco, Banpu, Edison Mission Energy)
–
Union Power (Union Energy, Tomen, IVO, CEPA)
–

Gulf Power (Gulf Electric, Mission Energy)
–
BLCP (Banpu, Loxley, Powergen)
–
BW2 (Hemaraj, Tractabel)
–
Eastern Power - Bangbo (GMS, Marubeni, China
Development Bank)
National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from Lao PDR
•
MOU of 4 June 1993: Thailand agreed to
purchase 1,500 MW of power from projects
in Lao PDR
•
Second MOU of 19 June 1996: Thailand
agreed to increase purchase to 3,000 MW
•
Lao PDR also agreed to support passage of
transmission system from the third country,
Thailand can purchase power from Yunnan in
the future
National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from Lao PDR
Project MW Investors COD
Projects with PPA

Nam Theun-Hinboun 187 Lao PDR, Nordic, MDX 3/98
Houay Ho 126 Lao PDR, Daewoo, Loxley 9/99
HOA & PPA under

negotiation

Nam Ngum 3 430 Lao PDR, MDX 12/2006
Nam Ngum 2 553 Shlapak, Bilfinger & Berger, Voith, Noell,
Siemens, Ch. Karnchang, Sri U-Thong
12/2006
Nam Theun 2 920.4 Lao PDR, Transfield EDF, Italthai Jasmine,
Phatra
12/2006
No Negotiation of HOA
& PPA

Hongsa Lignite (Stage 1) 608 Thai-Lao Lignite 3/2008
Xe Kaman 1 407 Hydro-Electric Commission Enterprise
Corporation
3/2008
Xe Pien - Xe Nam Noi 365 Lao PDR, Dong Ah, Thai-Lao Hydropower,
Intertrade
3/2008
Total 3,596


National Energy Policy Office
Power Purchase from China
•
MOU signed 12 November 1998 for purchase of 3000
MW from China by 2017.
•
ADB estimates that Yunnan Province, P.R. China, has
hydropower generating capability of 90,000 MW.

•
Lancang (Mekong) River has total potential of 22,260
MW. Manwan (1,500 MW) is already in operation. 2nd
dam under construction.
•
Possible project for power sale - Jing Hong Project
–
Capacity: 1,500 MW, with 1,500 MW for sale to Thailand
–
Investor: GMS/Yunnan Electric
National Energy Policy Office
Power Supply by Source (PDP 99-02)
Unit:MW
1997 % 2001 % 2007 %
EGAT-HYDRO 2,874 16.9 3,386 13.6 3,886 12.3
EGAT-THERMAL 11,825 69.7 12,287 49.3 11,786 37.4
EGCO 2,056 12.1 2,056 8.2 2,056 6.5
RGCO 0 0.0 3,380 13.6 3,645 11.6
IPP 0 0.0 1,400 5.6 5,944 18.9
SPP 224 1.3 1,768 7.1 1,958 6.2
LAO PDR +
Malaysia
195 0.0 640 2.6 2,240 7.1
TOTAL 16,979 100.0 24,917 100.0 31,515 100.0


National Energy Policy Office
Reform of Electricity Supply Industry
•
The Privatization Master Plan approved

by Cabinet on 1 September 1998
provides high level road map.
•
In order to draw up a detailed
framework and action plan, a revised
reform plan was prepared.
•
The new Reform Plan was approved by
the Cabinet on 25 July 2000.
National Energy Policy Office
Reform Plan :
Short Term ESI Structure (until 2001)
•
Power Purchase
•
System Operation
•
Transmission
•
Bulk Power Supply
IPPs
EGAT
SPPs
G
OV
E
R
N
M
E

N
T
EGAT
Direct
Customers
MEA
PEA
END
Users
END
Users
Generation
Power Purchaser,
System Operation,
and Transmission
Distribution/
Retail Supply