Cạnh tranh sức mạnh mềm giữa các quốc gia thế kỷ XXI

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\j CANH TRANH Strc MANH M f e M G I f A CAC 
QU6C GIA D A U T H E K Y XXI

Trln Nguyen Khang" 
Tom tat

Trong Ihe ky 20 thi giai chiing kiin cupc chpy dua va 
trang hpt nhan giiia cac sieu cuang da khiin nhin lopi gin 
nhu tien toi ba dift chiing. May man thay sau khi Chiin tranh 
Ipnh cham dut, cupc chpy dua chit choc nay khong con. Thay 
vao do la mpt cupc dua mai, ma theo Giao su Joseph Nye, 
dpi hpc Havard, du bio se la cu$c canh tranh chinh giiia cic 
quoc gia trong thi ky 21: cupc chpy dua vi sic manh mim. 
Cupc chay dua nay khong Ipo ra ndi sp hai nhir cupc chay 
dua vu trang giiia thi ky 20. Ngupc lpi, cupc chpy dua site 
manh mem huang tai cau hii la quic gia nao se tpa ra dupe 
nhieu su yiu min han trong cpng ding quoc ti. Tuy mang 
yeu ta "mem", nhung cupc chay dua ndy ding khong kem 
phin "quyit li$t", day "tinh cpnh tranh ", vi bai, theo Joseph 
Nye dif doan, sue mpnh mem se dupe xem la mpt Irong nhiing 
siic manh gay anh huang lan Irong quan he quoc ti thi ky 
21 Vay trong cupc canh tranh nay, nhiing quoc gia nao dang 
dan dau? Nhiing quoc gia nao dang Ihtft lpi? Va nhiing bai 
hpc nao can rut ra cho cac quoc gia, trong do co Vipt Nam, 
trong vi?c xay dung va trien khai sic manh mem trong cupc 
dua loan cau nay?

Tft khda: Sue mjnh mIm, canh ttanh, ttie ky XXI

k

' N ^ a n ciiu sinh tiin si. Hoc Vifn Ngoji Giao, Giing vidn Khoa Quan hd qu6c it Bai 
• Khoa hoc xa hdi vi nhan vin, Thinh phd Ho Chi Minh.

jNi

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Nghien du Quoc tiso 3 (106)

l i U l ' W ^ l " ' " ' ' ' " ^ ' ° ' " * ' ' * ^ ' " ' ^ " ' " ' ' " ' ' ' ' " " ' ' " " " ^ ' ' " " " '•* ' " " ^

^ Sue manh mtoi la khai niem dupe dua ra bdi Giio su Joseph Nye,
dai hpe Havard ttong khi nhilu tic phim. 6 n g nhic din khii niem nay
lln diu tito ttong "Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American 
Politics" (1990), sau dd giii fliich rd flitoi frong "Soft Power: The Means 
to Success in World Politics " (2004). Ong ndi ring "quyin luc theo dinh 
nghia cua tu diin la khi nang inh huang din ngudi khac di cd thi dat 
dupe diiu mang muin Nhung co nhiiu han mpt cdch di dpi dupe diiu 
mong muin. Bpn co thi ep bupc hp bing de dpa, hope cic khoan thanh 
Whopc CO thi Ihu hit hp di hp muin nhOng diiu mi ban cung 
muin".' Theo Joseph Nye, ttong flidi dai ttidng tta v i toin elu hoi, bin 
chat cia quyln Ivc ngiy nay da fliay ddi.' Mpt quic gia ehi cd sfte manh
cung tft quan sv flii chua du m i edn phii bao gim nhilu ylu t l khac'. Nye
nhan manh din tim quan ttpng cia mdt sue manh mdi, mpt ttift quyln luc
khiln cho dii phuong tuan phvc bdi su yto mlu hon l i sp hai. Bd chfah la
sic manh mtoi. Sue manh niy cd vai ttd diic biet quan ttpng ttong ky
nguyto toan elu hda, khi cac quic gia gin kit ttong mdi quan hp ho
tuong, I? ttiudc lln nhau.* Joseph Nye dinh nghia "sic manh mIm" nhu
sau|^ "Sic manh mim - lam nhiing nguoi khdc muin kit qud ma bpn 
muin - thu hit chi khong phdi ep bupc nguoi khac. Vd niu nhu mpt 
lanh dpo thi hiin cac gid tri ma nguoi khac muin di theo, se it ton kim

' Josheph Nye, 2004, Scfi Pcv^: The Mean, to Succe,, in World Pclitlcs. PubUc

Acairs, New York, trang 2. '
^Josh^h Nye, 2004, tldd, trang 2-6.

Joseph Nye, 2W7^e paradox of American {Hmer: Why the world's only superpower 
cant go It alone, Ox.fyTd\Jmvasity Pass. ,r -f t^ cr 
* Manfred Steger, 2011, Todn cau hoa, NXB Tri Thiic.

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Aoji de thuc hipn vai trd lanh dao'? Theo Joseph Nye, d l dat dupe dilu 
nay, can cd ba ngudn tac chfah, dd li: Van hoi (nhimg dilm ttiu hit), Gii
tti ve ehinh tti (ip dung ttong v i ngoii nude), v i Chmh sieh ddi ngoji
(khi dupe cho l i hpp p h ^ va phi hpp djo dftc).

Ke tft khi ra ddi din nay, khii ni^m Sfte manh mIm da dupe cie nhi
phin tich va chfah tti gia sft dung rdng rai tt^n khip ttil gidi. Cang ngiy
cang cd nhito lanh dao, cac chmh quyln v i nhilu doanh nghi$p bit dau
nhm Ally vai ttd v i i n g dyng cua sfte manh mIm ttong hoat dOng dii
ngoai eia mmh. Joseph Nye dv bio ring ttong flil ky 21, sfte mjnh mIm
se l i cu§c ejnh ttanh giua cac quoc gia khi nd l i mpt frong nhung cdng cy
huu tapu ttong quan hp quoc te nhim djt dvpc sv i n g hO, hpp tic cua cic
cpng ding, qudc gia quic t l . ' Vdi khii nipm sfte mjnh mIm, Joseph Nye
ehi dftng d viec gidi ttiieu he flilng 1^ fliuylt chft chua dua ra cic cich
fliftc dinh gii xlp hjng cv flil va dng cimg khdng xlp hang sfte mmh
mem cic quic gia. Bit diu ttr nhftng nam diu ttie ky 21, nhieu t l chiic
ttuyln thdng quic t l da vio cudc &k lupng hda cic gii tti mIm ttiong 
qua nUlu nghiSn cftu khio sit toin elu, nhu Monocle, USNews,
Porttand va mpt sd ngtato cftu khic. V i lim ttil nio d l cac t l chuc niy
dinh gii mpt y mdng miu ttipng nhu vay? Cic khio sit xem xSt, danh
-gii nhieu tito chi nhu s l lupng cic co quan van hda, eic di sin, s l lupng "

sich v i cic tap chi khoa hpc dupe xuit bin, dilu kien sing cia nguiW «
din, tinh ttjng bit bmh ding ttong ttiu nhjp, sv ttiam du tich cvc vdi tu 1
each fliinh vito eic t l chftc quic t l ma mpt qudc gia tich eve fliam gia...' *

\ ' %

Josheph Nye, 2004, Soft Power: ne Means lo Success in World Polities, PuMit "

Affaire, New Yoik. trang 6. .^
J o s ^ h Nye, 2007, Understanding Inlemalional ConJIIca, An Introduction u Thar, "1

W History, the Sixth Edition, P e a ™ Longman, Chuong 8. phSn InfonnatimM »'* 
Power among Slates, Inng 250-252; phin The Information Revolution and Comply >*

Interdependence, trang 252-255. "^ 
Tham khao them mot sk phuong phip ilinh gii ve s i c mjnh mim cda mdt so ni!hi2n

euu qudc id, nhu cila USNews (2/2016), Methodology: How Ihe 2016 Best Counlrie,

109

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Nghien du Quic tesi 3 (106)

'»»: Tap chi Monocle la co quan ttuyln flidng di diu ttong vipe khio sat va
»H x ^ hang sue manh mIm cic quic gia, vdi cic khio sit diu tito ttipc
\i, hien vao nam 2010. Monocle l i mOt tap ehi hing diu cia Anh cd in bin

toan can v6 van hda. Hi sdng, quan hp qude t l . ' Vdi khio sat v l sue
^ mem. Monocle ttiuc hito dinh gii fliudng nito vdi ttto eta dua
tt«. uhung so Ueu cv All nhu s l lupng bao ting, cic ttung tam van hda
M T * " ' ' - ; f ' ° **ã= 8 "ô<=. --^ ho^t ddng ngoai giao van hda ... v i

1 «"« "^^ ^ imemc khae nhau. Sau Monocle, eac hang flidng tin 
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* nghien cm. ttr do dua ra cie dinh gii, xlp hang sue manh m'lm e i a cie
^ ± ^ Co ttie ke m nhung bing dinh gii xlp h,„g ndi bit nhu 
m^aSoft Power, Survey Ponland Soft Power 30.Elcano Global 
I t l ^"'/P"" """""'' ^"16) dua ra bdi USNews vdi eac tito chi 
.. dfah gii ve anh hudng van hda, di sin, chit lupng cupc sdng, sv edi md
St: ve mdi ttudng kinh doanh,...' B. v « J i m o

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v« eic « p Chi danh n ' ^ g khic nhu Z ^ Z S T i ' ^ i . t ; ^ '^ 
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Advertemg A6e.eom, 'ã>>P://ằtole.com/ailicle^,edôtoagazine-l^v,eIl Z l
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2011). Ad Age MagaaneA-List: Tyler Bnile Is Editor of die Ve.," 1 ^ ^ • ! 
'USNew, 2fl016, Overall Best Countries Ranking 2016 USNewcom.

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Dudi day l i bing xlp hjng sue m ^ h mem dupe tfive hipn bdi cac 
td chftc m i y l n ttidng qudc t l nhu Monocle, Soft Power, Survey Portland 
Soft Power 30 hay Elcano Global Presence Report ttong nam 201S.

Bang xep hang sfte m^nh mIm c i a Portland,

Monocle vii Elcano trong 2015 
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manh mem cua 
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ht5)://softpower30.portland-communications .com/ranking, tray c|p ngiy 1/2/2016.
" Monocle. 2015. "Soft Power Survey 2014/15". Monocle.com,

trayc|p ngiy 1/2/2016.

'^ Real Instituto Elcano, 2015. "Elcano Global Presence Report 2015", . j

realinstitutoelcano.org, . ^

OBAL_CONTEXT=/eIcano/elcano_in/publications/e!cano-gIobal-presence-rcport-2015. tray cap ngiy 1/2/2016.

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Tft cac bing xlp hang niy, ching ta ttily dupe nhftng tfah chit ^
frong cupc dua vl sue manh mIm giira cic qudc gia dau ttie ky 217 Xin
gidi thieu nam tinh chat chinh ttong cupc dua giua cic quoc gia dl nang
cao vi tti, hinh anh v i inh hudng mIm cia dit nude trto trudng quoc te.

N i m tinh chat cor b i n trong cu§c chjy dua v l sfte m ^ mIm
c i a cac nirdc t r t o t h l gidl

Tinh chat thi nhit - Sic mpnh mem, su cpnh tranh mang dnh la

phutmg toan ciu ^ 
Qua cic khao sit niy ehing ta thay dupe sv cpih ttanh ve sic

manh mIm gifia cic quoc gia dang dien ra kha quylt lipt. Trong dd, tinh 
chat diu tien da cupc dua vi sic mpnh mim la tinh da phuong. Khic vdi 
cuOc chay dua ve s i c manh cftng, khi My l i sito cudng s l mpt v l quan sv
v i kfah tl, flii frong cudc dua sfte mjnh mIm xuat hipn sv ttiam gia cjnh j
tt^h ttr nhieu quic gia khic nhau. Mj! m|ic d i l i quoc gia cd tilm Ivc
kmh t l hing h$u cing vdi nginh cdng nghi$p van hda phi sdng toin cau, ^
hp khong hin l i quic gia dftng diu v l sfte manh mem. Quic gia niy dupe *.
Monocle v i Elcano xlp ttift nhit ttong nam 2015", nhung ttieo ComRes, ' '
Porttand Group v i Facebook, co quan ttuyen ttidng niy dinh gii v) tti sl JJ
mpt ttiupc v l Vuong quie Anh (flieo s l 1 1 ^ ttong nam 2015)'V'. Trong ' '
nhung bing danh gii khac, nhu cia Elcano v i Monocle, Vuong quoc Anh ' J
cung gift nhung ttiu hang cao (vi tti ttiu hai flieo Elcano v i flift ba, flieo »•
Monocle). Hoac nlu xet nhu mpt toin ttil flii EU (Lito minh chiu Au) fi'

'^Monocle, 2015, "Soft Power Survey 2014/15", Monocle.com, *""•

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World Economic Forum, 17/7/2015, "Which countries come top for 'soft power'7" '"'
Wefonmi.org, hltps://www.wcfonim.org/agenda/2015/07/which-countries-come-top-' * '

for-soft-power/,tniycapngiy20/2/2016. ^^ 
i/forbes/wclcome ^-11

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Nghien du Quic ti so 3(106)

M to?c Elcano Global Presence Report xlp tini hang eao nhit ttto Mv "

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* " " ^ ^ i ^^ ^ i - Mpt s6 guong mjt ndi bat khic eung xuit hito 
* ^ n g c u p e d i . nhtt Canada, fc, Tlivy ST. NhJ. Bin. Thpy Dili, Ha Lan.
diy cung la nhung dii ttii ding chi y»^^\ Sv xuit hipn da dang n h E 
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hpp v o i l y g i a i e i a J o s y h Nye vl ttnh daphuonghda ttong cic h o p L v i

^^^ tao doi van hoa quic t l flidi toin elu hda.

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I si phi, buy toi da ndt dac sac mang diu in ritog cia dit nude hTa ci^g

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i o T "''^''^"^"''-"""'"'^^'•"-"a-Power.lrayclipn^y
'' k^r°'°- f " • I f ' " ° " " " " " ^ e 2013", Monocle.com,

"TheEconomist, 18/7/2015, "Softly Doesir Economia™™ i,—/A.
.om/ne„s*ri,ainai657655-oxbridg«ne^ e i u W a S S ^ e S S ^
bntas-power-pe^ade-softly-does-it tmy cjp ngiy 1 / S T ^ ^ ' " " "
''Facebook, Comies, Portland Group, 14/7^15 ãf,,K.M ., .
world's mostcomp.hen.iveana,ysistnd.",p^iid^tl^^^^^^
h>tp://v.portIand-communicadons.com/wp-conằ;ô,|aS7^,ằ
Power30_pressreleasc.pdJ lraycJpgay26/2noi6. " " " " " " " ' " " " " S o f t

-0/2016

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nhung xu ttie, frio luu hi$n dai chung cia ttil gidi. Chung ta cing dilm
qua nhimg flil manh nli bat cia cie quic gia dang dan diu cupc dua ve
sfte manh mem toan ciu niy.

Dau tien khdng ttil khdng nhac den nude My. Triln khai v i phit
huy s i c manh mem li mpt ttrong nhung chiln lupc quan frpng cia chinh
sach ddi ngoai My.^-^ K l tft sau chiln fliing ttudc Lito Xd, cd ttil ndi
My ttd ttianh sieu cudng so mpt flil gidi, khdng chi tten mjt fr?n kinh te,
quan su m i c i van hda." Giio su Nye cho ring My la "quoc gia mjnh
nhat flie gidi khdng chi d Imh vuc quin sv, kinh te m i cdn d khia canh ttift
ba, dd l i sue manh mlm"'.^ Giio su Nye cho ring sue m?nh mem eua Mf
fliam chi edn Idn hon c i sfte manh v l kmh t l va quan sv cia hp. Ngoii
nhung gia tti tmh ttian mang tfah phi quit m i nude My gay dvng ttong *
suot 300 nam lap quoc nhu Tv do. Din chi, Btoh ding, van hda My cing "
dvpc dinh gii l i mpt ttxmg nhvng vu khi lpi hai nhit cia quic gia nay
ttong vipc phat huy sfte manh mIm. Sfte anh hudng van hda cia MJ, ttieo '

cing bli cinh ttiin ciu hda da dat dupe mpt sue lan tda rpng Idn, mi
nhilu hpe gia da gpi do la sv My hda v l van hda (Americanisation) ttong *
nto van hda toin e l u . ^ " ' Sv MJ hda van hda toin elu din tft sv fliing

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" Pham Qu6c Tm, 6/11/2011, ••Quyjn Ivc mSm Ining quan h« quSc ti" u 
www.nghiencuubiendong.vn, htlp://nghlencunbiendong.vn/nghien-<:uu-quoc-le/69- i,
nghien-cu-quc-t/1228-quyen-luc-mem-trong-quan-he-qnoc-te, tray cfp ngiy 23/2/2016 ai

Joseph S. Nye, 2004, "Soft Power and American Foreign Policy", Chuong 5 hong .,1,
J.S.Nye,(2004),tiad.lrangI27-M8-Xerathdrat^: ' ' Z 
^014/01/16/»uc-manh-raem-va-csdn-hoa- W

ljt/#sthash.NvY2z3n6.dpuf. tray c5p ngiy 23/2/2016. J
J<y<:.Iose^ 1990, Bound lo Lead: The Changing Nahtn of American Power, nev, ?

York: Basic Books. ," 
" Thuy Midn. 04/01/2015. "Cudc chiSn quySn Iw tnim", Thanh Men, 5

°'*j™"'""=n™'»'=-Sioi/cuoc-chien-qnyen-lnc-mem-522753.html, tmyojp ngiy J [

^^Manfted B.Sleger. 2011. Toan ciu hoa, NXB Tri ThUc, Nguyen Hii Bing dich, trahg ? „

"LuongVanK4(cb)(2011).ia.«oioe.J^m,/«ra»icA4oo.NXBGiiodiicVi5tNam 5 ,

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ã j,, tieng nhu Hany Porter, Titanic. Avatar, Avenger, ... dat nhilu ky Mc 
i^ phdng ve tai nhito noi frto flil gidi.»^° Phim inh My chilm % flii phin
'* ^ ^ " J " *''^''° ' ' " " " " ã"*" *ô ằ ô ^ MJ sin xuit hoac tai ttp " 
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*" 5*b r , J ^ " * ""' "' '' "™ " ^ ô ã*" ^"""^y Spear, Madona. 
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^^ throng fasu Coca-Cola, McDonald, Starimek, KFC,... Day li nhftng sin 
^ pham fliuc an nhanh bin chay nhit toin ciu.» Cac ll hpi ttuyln flilng

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B " " h sich cic phim doanh thu cao nhat the gidi

" 0 1 ^ S ; : ; ' " * " ' ^ ' ° « " ^ ' " " ' ' ' ' " = ^ " ' " 8 * ^ ° ' " - » i ' i e . . m y c f t , n g i y
• • t o " ? " ' ' ^ . ™ ' ' ^ Globaltatlon, Sterling Publishing, New Yoris 2009 
' ãW"ôi"ôằWirti,5/l/20l2,TheNiel,enCompanylBillbos'20liM- , . , ^ 
i Report", Business Wire, rauooara s 2011 Music Indushy

littp://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120I05005547/en/Ni,-lo™j-B , I b o a , d . / i E 2 % 8 0 % 9 9 s - 2 0 n - M n s i c - I n d u s t , y - R e ^ r t ^ 7 * ^ 2 l l ^ : S S ? 7 6 ' ' "
* Select US. The Media & Entertaimnen. Ind„at,ytoi,e u S £

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M J ngiy cing phd biln tju nhilu nude tt«n ttil gidi nhu Hallowen, I i Tj
On. I i Phvc Sinh. Giing Sfah,... Ngdn ngv tting Anh (ngdn ngv chmh
cia nude MJ) cung la ngdn ngu dupe danh gia l i phd biln nhat hipn nay
khi nd dupe sft dung rdng rai ttong giao djch ttiuong mji, ttong cac sin
phim van hda.'^ Die biet ttto hp ttiong mang litemet, eong cv giao tt^i
hien dai cia ttil gidi ngiy nay, dai da s l cic chuong ttinh diu ding tiing
Anh v i ching eOng bit nguon tft My.'' Cie mang xa hOi Idn nhu
Facebook, Google, Youtube, ... do cic cdng ty M J sing l§p flive su co
tim anh hudng Idn ttong ddi song nhilu ngudi tt*n ttie gidi, dac bipt Ii
gidi tt«. Trong giio dpc, lin sdng sinh vito nude ngoii do xd din cac
tmdng dai hpc MJ l i minh chftng tot nhit cho sv v|n dvng nhuin nhuyln
sue manh mem eua quoc gia xft cd hoa."''^

Tuy nhito cfing cin nhac lai fang trong sfte manh mem, sv ttiing the
ttong nln cdng nghiep van hda toin ciu nhv ttudng hpp cua MJ khdng
phii la ylu t l quylt djnh tat c i ttxmg ciu chuypn sfte manh mem. The?
Joseph Nye, se la sai lim khi ding hoi sue manh mIm vdi cic nguin ivc

htlp://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/63908/000119312511046701/dl0k.hhn.lniv i
cipngiyOl/02/2016. ' aA 
" Listvenie, 2008, Danh sich 10 ngdn ngii dupe ndi nhieu nhat tren thi gidi >*'

liatvenie.coni.htlp://listverse.com/2008/06/26/top-10-most-spoken-langiiages-in-aie-world. tmy c|p ngiy 01/02/2016. r s s ^ 
J ZbigniewBrzezinski. 1999.Sa«ci;<i„.NXB Chlnhlijqu6cgia.tr.32. ,,,

Thuy Midn. 04/01/2015. Cnfc chi^n m>in luc mim, Thanh Nien. . ,

0*^16™°°™'*°'^°''°"°°"°''"°"'°''""'"°"°"°"'^""'''°^' '^ * "8*^ i " 
" To P « " i " Smel Journal din bio cio thudng nidn cia Vi«n Giio due quic ti KB, J£. 
tmh den thang 5/2013. cd den 819.644 sinh vidn mrdc ngoii dieo hpc l»i My. ling 7,2% 1 5
^ r i l S H * " * ^ ,?• " ^ ^ •? "^ "^ ^ " • ' " ' " "«° T™* *"^- N8°" ViSc thu .4 i f f 
24 ty USD doanh dm m nguSn du hoc smh, nude My cdn cd thi gia dufti dilhig gii hi C ?
My ddn cic smh vidn nude ngoii, nhiing ngudi sau niy se nim gifi vi tri cda dne Idp ^ 
? ? i,';^Z?<v''5iJ'" ™° ^^" •^°" '"''P"^' fonel cua Loni Hamiay of > 
Chiswick (1/2015), "The Bnlish Influence Scorecard 2015: What influence does Brittin „."
have m die EU?", PubUtas.com, http,://view.pubUtas.comAritish-influ.nce/20l5- H ?

scorecard/page/l,tmycipngiy22/2/2016. ? ^

200

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Nghien du Quic tisi3 (106)

* hoi dupe ding d l tao ra quyln fac niy.^' Mot sd nhi phin tich cho
ring quyen Ivc mIm chi don ttiuin l i sfte manh van hda dai ching Vdi
Joseph Nye, dilu niy khdng phin inh ding toin bd ban chit eua sfte
manh mem. KJ ttiuc sue manh mIm din tft nhilu ngudn luc da dang khae
nhau vi moi qudc gia se ed nhung ttil manh canh ttanh dac sic ritog cia
minh. V i Chung ta hay cing xem eac qudc gia khac se cd nhung flil manh
^ de flioit khdi cai bdng qui Idn cia nude MJ ttong san choi ehmig toin
ciu nay.

Chia cic bing xlp hang, Vuong quic Anh, ciing li mdt quic gia
mariive^re.miinhmem. Anh dupe xlp fliu nhit ttong bing xlp hang n t a
* ^ f ^ Group, ComRes. Facebook.* Anh cfing dftng diu frong 
cupc khio sit Monocle v l sfte manh mIm ttiin ciu ttong nam 2012 K I
, ftyc, sue m ^ mIm cia Vuong quic Anh da dupe flil hito manh me tft

^ T ^ . ™ P ^ B r i t a n i c a va dto nay, Anh vln la m^t ttong nhftng quic 
. gia cd anh hudng nhit frto flil gidi."' Vuong quic Anh l i mdt ttong^e
, quoc gia cd mang ludi ngoai giao Idn nhit fcian elu. Vuong quic Anh cd

•pan h j ngoai giao m,nh me vdi nhilu quic gia frto flil gidi, die bift Ii
cic nude ttong Khoi ttiinh vupng chmig v i nhilu nude khac d chiu Au,
chau A, Tnmg Ddng, chiu Phi v i MJ.« U mjt ttiinh vito cia Lito mfah
ehau An, Anh gay s i c inh hudng eia mfah ttong Lito mmh vi eic quic

1m''l°^, f; 'The Changing Nahn-e of Power, chuong 1, o,ng I.S. Nye (2004) 
I L - ' „ « : ? r ^ ' " '^- ' > * ^ ' ' » * i » d u " q u « ; . n e t / l o i 3 / 0 6 » S , w : 
*«ngmg-natuIe«sa,.sh.Vw2YgSFI.dpuf, buy cjp ngiy 23/2/2016 " " ' " ^ I " " "
J ^ S ^ ' ' < ' " * ô ã ã " ' ™ 1 5 . "Tie Soft Power 30 Wortd Rankings" Comres

i F ^ S ' L ' ^ r j ' ' ™ ' ' " ^ ' ' " ' ' ^ ^ " ' ' " ' ' ' ™ - " ^ ' * ' ' ' ' " ^ " - * - ™ . Taylor
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 8/9/2011 "The h « t Hminim,*;^ • ,

hiSk^"^r^ ° '°"r '^ ^°™»^'l: om -ri:::Sn^on°

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gia khic tt«n tfid gidi. = Nhilu nude tt«n flil gidi da su dvng hinh mlu ciia
nto din chi va chfah p h i Anh (dupe gpi la he flidng Westtninster) cho h|
flidng chfah tti eua mmh. Anh cdn ^ diu In vdi sv inh hudng cua via i 
hda, nhu am nhac, dito inh v i cic mdn flil ttiao nhu bdng da. Truyln 1
ttiong Anh dvpc phit sdng toin ciu, die biet la BBC World Service, BBC 
fVorldNews vk tap cU The Economist.

Ngoai Anh, mpt so guong mjt dang chd y khic den tft chiu Au li i
Dftc va Phip. Vdi Dftc, quoc gia niy dupe xem la nln Mnh t l diu tiu tji
chau Au. Vien Goettie cia Dftc la mpt frong nhung vien giio dvc va dio
tao toin cau Dftc ndi tttog vdi bdng d i va cic le hpi bia. Cing vdi Phip, '

Dftc dupe xem l i quoc gia "lanh dao khdng flil ttanh cii " tji EU.** Cjnh
ttanh cung Dftc la Phap, quic gia ludn dan diu flil gidi ve du Ijch, ngh?
fliuat, bio ting, cic phdng frung bay ngh? fliuat, cung nhu mpt nln jm
thuc tinh te. Tieng P h ^ cung la mpt frong nhung ngdn ngu dupe su dvng
nhieu nhat ttie gidi.« D l h i ttp cho su lan tda cac gia ttj van hda-tinh
flito cua mh±, P h ^ cd mpt h? flilng ngoai giao van hda rpng Idn vi ho?t
dpng rat hieu qua. Tleo nhu danh gii eia US News, Phip la quic gia
ding so mdt flie gidi ve ngoai giao van hda cing tim anh hudng cia nd."

''neRe^nqfanIndepemlenlPaneleiuihotdHiem,yotChi,«ick, 1/2015, "The — 
B n M , Influence Scon^canl 2015: What mfluence does Britain have in the EU7"

"TheLocaUOn.'^Gemianytopsworid'softpowcr'mikiligs", ,*',

(bfogmph,e:l=liansa,s,5elanguemondiale),diplomatie.gouv.lr, ^ f C
'^^^^.^^-''^'^''^'"''^'••''•'^'"^^'-'^-'-^-Se.Uin^, i m y c p g 
« , S i ' „ ^ '^•1'°°"'. " '"' *= '"'•'"'' " " ' " " " - " " l y - P o k e n language, ^ ' 
dailyinail.co.uk, littp://www.dailymail.co.ul(/news/article-3367012/l^est.impoLbte y

2S'^"™-™"''™°°"°°"'-''""«"-"°^^=-^°»""»'- tniy v r t g t iiT

l l m T ^ " ' ^ y - = " » " « ° . "Chdng tdi mu6n Ian tda Unh diin Phip", Bio Thanh Niin S * ' 
l3/03/201S,hnp://www.fl,anhnie„.com.vn/van-hoa-n8he-auat/,o„gl|a;^.I5,apS S i ?
2 0 2

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Nghien du Quic tesi 3 fl06)

" I t p,- «,' i." ' ^ ™*'' ^ ^ * ^ " ^ '* " ^ t ^ ' " " ^ ndi tttog v l

xmh ttian thiea Dan Mach, qudc gia cia nhung can ttuypnedAnd^

^•J cd ttie marfi ve am nhac nghe ttiuit, kiln ttie va ttiilt kl. Thuy S I ^

lame noi heng uiin ciu v l du lich, diu ttr, ngan hing v i lanh vuc dio tao
riii hang khach s ^ . ydi cac quic gia chau Au k l ttto, nlu xet flieo tdng
'** , ! ' L ' f ™ J ^ A ^ Uii sfte manh mIm cua khii niy dftng hing diu
,j,j, thegioi,frenMJ.flieoxephimgcuaElcano.-"

* ^ I ? ? . ? ? " " " ã " ^ 'i'*" - ô l ^ -tah mdt quae gia5a van
W n t b T b ^ ' ^ . * ° ' ' ' ' ^ . * ^ ' * ^ ' ^ " ' " ' ^ s i 6 i t t i i t o d l n f l , l g i d i m a t
« r i ^ l r \ ! * f * ^ ' ' « ' ' - « v - ' ' ™ * ' d a n g , edi md.Md.dai dito

K. f t » / ' ^^r*:: •;; T ' - f •*'•=• " " ^ « . v i fruyto uanh m 4 Nhat

- ^Zf^^A *" • * * ' ™ « ' * « - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ P l ^ <*»8 -gh* chit 
I"(mg cao rat dupe uu chudng ttto ttil gidi.« Nhu viy, eudc e a S ttanh

i T * ^ ' ^'" '• " = " *^"°"^=' '*»°king 2016, USNew5.com,
hlJ //j™w„snews.com/newsAest-coufflries/li.nce, tmy c|p nriy 23/23016

i " 11» Economist, 14/6/2014, Japan's Soft Power-Souarin. .h, f~,i c
, ^ ' ^ • - o » ' - o " * i » ^ y » / 2 0 i : S 4 ^ ! o t , ^ , ^ ^ ^ j r

1 23/^0^6^" " ' ' " " " ^ ' ° ' ' - ' ^ ^ ' ^ • " " ' - " • " • ^ ' " • ' " • P ' ^ . • - y ^
, Seabrook. John, 2013, "Cultural technoloBv ami ti..

™.i,-;.s^Sir"^"'"-*-'"--^»-»"™»^^-iirj:y^

1 09/2016

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ve sue manh mIm khdng phai l i bfte ttanh mpt mau m i vd cing da sic vi

da dien, ttong dd cic quoc gia phit huy tli da nhung net dpp d | c ttung vi
ttie manh ritog cia dit nude mfah nhim t ^ nto ttianh tfch tot nhit hong
viec chitoi linh con tim cia cdng dong quic tl.

Tinh chit thi ba - Sic mpnh mem la cupc cpnh tranh lien Ipc, ^ 
khing ngiing nghi

Bi lisifda dpng trong the mpnh riing cua mil quoc pa, chung ta it 
se thay cupc dua vi sic mpnh mim diin ra trong sv canh tranh tiin 1^. ii 
Theo cac dinh gii ttiudng nito, sv ttiang - giam ttift h?ng cua mli quic m ,1 
CO sv bicn doi hing nam. Dilu niy phu ttiupc tiiy ttieo nS luc aia mli ii 
nvdc ttong v i ^ lan tda i^c gii ttj, Unh anh din vdi cpng ding quic te. Vi it
day cfing la tinh chit flift ba cia eude dua v l sfte manh mlm. MJc di sue il
manh mem cd tinh chit c l djnh ttong mpt khoing ttidi gian dii, nhungai i ,
khong phii la mpt gia tti bit biln.^' Theo IJ giii cia Joseph Nye vl site ipi
m^anh mem, ong cho ring s i c m^nh mlm, mSo dft cd tinh c l djnh, nhung , t
van ed tinh uyen chuyin, biln ddi ttieo tiing bli canh, hoin cinh ep ttil mil •*
ttong dd mpt quoc gia fliam gia." Tft dd, sv yto min (hay phin dii - chia Ita
ghet) nhieu hay it cia cpng ding quic t l (bilu hito qua cic khio sit J „ „
kien cdng luan) flieo flil m i cung fliay d i i ftng vdi tiing each phin ing, i
hanh xu cua moi quic gia ttong cie hoin cinh cu flil ly. Mdt vi dv ii MJ
qudc gia dvpc bilt din v i yeu min vdi van hda d,i chftng, vdi nhung gii Hi 
tti pho quit nhu Din chi, Tv do, Bmh ding,... Nhung dilu niy khdng c6 ""«
ngfa-a l i MJ l i qudc gia ludn dupe yto min. Cd nhftng sv kipn, bli cinh * ^

33 ' H I

m J r Z T t ! ^ "^ bingx^p hjng cia Monocle qua cic nim 2012,2013, 2014, ^*»« 
h m / t a ™ ^ ? ' " ° ° ? f ' ° ; = ' ^ 'ã"P:*'ằằ'<ôlô-Cdmôhn/afl'aiw'sofI.power-.u,vey-20I2/, **k

htlp.//monoclc.com/film/affairs/soft-power-survey-2013/ ftiô,
htlp://monocIe.coni/film/Afiaiis/soft-power-survcy-201*.15/ ã * » i

htlp://monoele.«,mOTm/affain:/soft-power-,urvey-2015-16/,'tmy cjp ngiy 25/2/2016.1 *1«>I
n . , . S ? ? ' , * • ^ ' ' * " S i u B N a m ^ e o f P o w e > ' ^ c h » o „ 8 I l r ™ g J . S N y e , 2 0 0 4 • **W.1I
tWd,lrangl-32-Xemth8mlai:htlp://nghiencmj<iuocle.neiaoi3/06/03/oower- ' •• * * .
^gmg-natnie/#sthash.VwZYgSFI.dpuf, tray cjp ngiy 23/2fl016 l iVjw

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Nghien du Quic tesi3 (106)

,1,^ frong d4 sfte manh mftn eia MJ suy giim dang kl. Don eft nhu qua cac
lil4 ' ^ „ ™ .•"* **y * ™ Bi^ "Si Viet Nam. Ving Vinh hay haq. htoh inh

vi uy tin cua MJ qua cic cudc fliam chiln da.bi inh hudng vi suy giim

dfag kettong long c0ng ding quic tl. Nhu vjy, su "fliang - giim tog"
•"' T^rt T r 1 ° " ^ "°™ "^y * " ^ '^^ "^o "fi Ivrc cii fluto

hl^ inh eia m0t quoc gia. Nam 2012, Anh li qudc gia cd nhilu su Men
qi^ te quan trpng nhu Olympic London vi tao duoc nhilu diu inttong

kl^'.y".'"" *T "?< "*ô ?*"*" ô * ' ã -Vc va nhan vin ttudc 5 c

W , * y i cam ttiong til cpng ding quic tl." Nude Dftc fr^ng nam 20U v.^

m ataeu hoa, .^ug ngoai giao van hda cing nhilu nl Ivc ngoai giJo L Z 
¥ ^ qua vi day tinh nhin van ttudc lin sdng ngudi nhjp eu tii Tnmg

W Btoa cung pip hp dupe danh gii cao ttong bing xlp h l g . » Nhu X
i ^ l ' ' * ! " ; f " - * ^ ' ' ^ - H f l ' u i n , i n g h § tii cdng luin quic/ttttdc cie

! M .!' °^ sS"" ^ ^ ^"* ° ^ " « ' 1 " ^ 8ia vao cie ho,t dpng cia edng
J; ding ttie gidi.-'Dilu nay din d& h| qua li cac quic gi! b ^ p h ^ S

Monocle, Monocle's soft power smvey 2012, S l S e com

II ' T i T T ° f ' " " ° " " ^ " ' ' * ^ ™ ? - P ° " ° - « » " = y - 2 0 1 2 / . t r a y ' c i o n B i v 2 5 / 2 / 2 n i 6
vuv '™'St»mTinTdnghpp,bttp://vov.vn/lhesoi/coni!-done-ouoc-i».h.v.„.riT
4».ketv. ^ „ . ^ p b a p 4 5 0 3 3 0 . v „ v , tmycjp ngiy ° | ; 5 ^ ^ > « ' ' » y « « m h
-» !,«?,! L , ' " ^ " y ' O P ^ «'"''''™«PO-»ei'rankings" thelocal do
J | * * ^ . d , e . o c a l . d e « 0 1 3 l , 2 l / g e ™ a n y . n „ m b e r - o n e - f o r - s ? f t . ; : S t % ^ W p n g i y

^Nye,JosephS,"n.eChangin8NatureofPower",chuongItmn»JS Nve ããằ,ô
Power: me Means lo Success In ã K . ' ^ i ' o t o o " , N^w Yoric: k S ^ ! l ' o , ^ l , g 
' W/2W6

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Bto Ojc cin nhic, cin frpng ttong timg hinh dpng vi lito mc cd cic hioh
xu tieh cue nham cii ttrito Unh inh cia minh frto ttudng qudc tl.

Tinh chit thi tu - Stf giao thoa giieu sic mpnh cing vi sic

mpnh mem ^

Sfte mjnh mlm, nhu da ttinh biy, li sin choi da dang nhung dilm 2
lai^nhung vi tti din diu, ching ta ttily cic vi tti din diu bing xlp h™ 1
ptai nao la su ttidng tti cia nhung cudng quic, la nhung qu6c gia via cd '
dieu kipn kinh te phit ttiln va nim giu nhftng vj fri uy tin tt^ng cic ll "•
chftcquocte. OOay, Chung ta thiy cdsu giao thoa giua sic mpnh cung L

vasuc manh mim, va day cOng la tinh chit thi tu da cudc dua sic mpnh T 
mim. Don cu nhv MJ, Anh, Phip, Dftc, Nhjt, ... vfta la nhung quic gia ,°

manh ve sfte manh mlm ding ttidi cOng li nhftng quic gia dung diu thl f
gid. vl kmh ,1. Hp cfing ding ttidi nim gift nhOng vi fri qnan ttpng tsi 1
Lien Hiep Qude (nhu M J, Anh, Phip diu li iy vito fliudng ttvc Hpi ding !!'!
Bao an Lito Hipp quoc). Mpt sl khic li nhung ttiinh vito quan ttpng tai T ,
Lien mmh chau Au nhu Die, Phip, t , Tiy Ban Nha, ... hojc gift vai Xtb I T 
CO anh hudng ttong khu wc nhu Oc t,i TMi Btoh Duong, Nhjt Bin, Hk *'*
Qudc tai Ddng A, hay Canada vdi khu wc BSc My... Nhu vjy, d diy c6 ? '
f t sv gap gS gifta sfte manh cftng va sfte manh mlm kU nhftng tilm te T 
ve^kmh te vi vj till quic tl cfing gdp phin tich cvc ttong vipc giip cic *
quoe gia ttien khai Mto qui sfte manh mlm cia minh. KU nhung quic gia '^^
so huu ttong tay mfah ea sfte manh eung va sfte m,nh mlm. Joseph Nye * ' '

got sue manh tdng Ivc niy li sfte manh ttidng mmh." ' ' *

ãft htia 
J^ZlT ? ^ ?',ã 'ãôP-ô"'S^"uquocte.net/20l3/0d/03/power-changnw. ã.-MS*

nam^#s(bash.VwZYgSFI.dpuf.traycipngiy23/2aoi6. -«"""B"e W « * i
Nye. Joseph S. "Get Smart: Combining Hard and Soft Power" ôã, ,ã ãJW'''^ 
h^^W.forei^a,fahs.e„m/artieles.00l-„7-0,/ge,.ma"rt7::g;,:^T-,;^^^^
206

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Nghien du Quic tisi3 (106)

'^ quicT ' ^ * " " ™ • ^"^ "*"* ' ^ ' "' '^ -'' ^ '^cdcdc

: ^, tag chmh fri. "Q^cn ivc mim si dt>ng mp, lopi nh t p ^ ^ ^ 
Pl^^^sucmanh. cungmdngphdidin bpc) disdn sinh ra suhJ^Z 
-..^.'^^'-^^^mtnhaibendngchiose.sucdngbinllT^^Z

Arpc nhmig ttiu hang cao v l sue manh mlm ky flivc vi hpffi bii, nhit b 7
• • L T-> T ^ - f ' <^ » ! " . cia mfah ttidnl qu'a I^ h i t p fl^^'u^J^

I nhmig dieu kipn flmjui lpi s!n ed, nhu kmh t l hay vi thl aJ^ttn ã 1

-ôi tmh phi qui, cao v i cae ehmh sich quing ba cie gi'i « c i a r , Z

I ^ ttpng nha, tao nto sfte manh mlm. Kfah ,1 vi vj ttil ^ d ^ Z t 
dimig dilu k i ^ cin eho vi«c ttiln khai v i phi, huy sZ m l T m l ^ t

, ^ nhmig ttudng hpp mp, sd quie gia my da bd nUlu tiln cia vio cdno

Bo. cu nhu ttuemg hpp eia Trung ( ^ l e . Tmng Quic u t d u p c T | M

Xemdiem 1,1: h , , p . / / „ g h i e n c u u i ^ c e S l M M 3 w ^ 2 ' ° * ' - ' ™ 8
1-32-™ n « e « s , h ^ . y „ Z Y g S F I . d p „ ? , „ y e , p . ° i 1-32-™ ^ o r ' ^ ^ ' ^

Nye. Joseph S. 'The Changing Namre of Power" Sum,, 1 .,„ ..„

i I*'"'to Success In mrUPoliL-.flewYo^^^^^^l'^l,^-''''''^-'*' 
. Xem thdm „i: h a p * g h i e n c u u W . . n S ? / 0 ^ t C ^ " . f J ^ ' '™8 ' 3 ^

-»ture/#s.hash.VwZYgSFI.dpuf.n,lycipngiy23/S

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hai ttie p d i ve kfah t l nhung hp khong dupe x ^ la md, sito cudng vl sfte <
manh mtoi. Quoc gia nay da bd rat nUlu tiln xay dvng bp tiling Vi&i
Khdng Tft^toan ttil gidi vdi k j vpng Trung tim van hda ngdn ngft niy cd H
ttie sinh tiim vdi cac ttung a m van hda ngdn ngu lau ddi va uy tin nhu H
British Council (Anh), Vipn Goefli (Dftc), hay Affiance Franeais (Ph^), (

dupe coi l i dai di|n "sfte manh mem" cia cic chfah phi Anh, Dftc vi si 
Phip ttto Klin ttil^gidi. Thl nhung sau 10 nam ttianh Ijp, hipn t^, Vipi 4 
Khong Tft dang vIp phii sv phin ftng dft ddi, die bid, l i tii MJ vi cic *
nude phuong Tay." Ngupc lai, cd khi nhilu tiudng hpp, mp, s l quic gia :•
cd nhftng san phim van hda diu tir 1, vln, i, dilu kipn maifceting, I p tiling ii 
Idn v i de lai nUeu diu In tit, chfah l i nhd gia tti ndi dung. Gin day nUlu iji 
san pham van hda din tii nhung quic gia i, nguin Ivc v l kmh ,1 vln dl Iju .«
nhieu tieng vaug, vi dv Campuchia vdi bO phim The Missing Picture dupe «,. 
de cu Osear gay chan dpng Chau A v i «io tiing vang tten toin flil gidi" ik
Bp pUm giy an ttrong mjnh cho ngudi xem vdi each flil Upn dpc dio vi iK,.
lam lay dpng Idng ngudi bdi nd a i Upn flidi k j hch sft dim nude ml, cia « ,
nguoi dan CampucUa: flijp ky 70 dudi flidi tiling ttj cfta Khmer Dd. M|c l i ,
du khong doa, mpng ving Oscar, nhung nhftng gi ngudi Campuchia djl iM
dupe da eho fliay sv ttSi diy manh me eua nghp ttiuj, flift biy ,,1 di, nude ã ô

ifelMVi
"Nadian Beanchamp- Mustafaga, 10/10/2014, "A spoiled Amiivenary: China Reacts
tt Conflicius Inshtute Controveisy, China Brief, Volume 14, Issue 19

S S S r r H T ' ' ' ' ' ° . ' ' ° * ' " ™ " W u o c - p h a n - u „ g - h o c - , i e n : k h m i g - , ; ^
tMslhash.jEZ2YJcC.dpuf, tray cjp ngiy 23/2/2016. • i j ^
Tut^r^li^'H^'l- "^Jr'.^r^ ^'""^ " y . Cauad. ddng cda Vidn KhSng TW. . &

In/d67849.html. Buy cip ngiy 23/2/2016. W,"W(
Qujnh Tnmg 06/02fl014. "Phim dju ddn c i . Campuchia dujc di cft Oscar". Tii^i i J ,

7>-eAfajMitlp://tuoitre.vn/tin/van-ho8-giai-tdaoi40206/phim-dau.tien-cna- ftr"'"

canM^»duoc-de-cu-oscar/592589.html J^^^^

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Nghun du Quictesis (106)

'Ơ " ^ ô " g W d v 4 c h r f l ^ r e ^ t ~ J ^ » ^ * ' f \ ' ^ v j y . v d i

«l aim chi ylu d nguin lue I d T t f m f ^ ^ f ""°^ ".^khdnghin

l** chuyen. nhvng g i i T t t p l ^ - Z J ^ ""^ ^ * " " ^ "i^'g <=«-'

.<F vi ^o LT^ ri SaTtoLTinT h b^' r*°"° '^ "^^ «<«

-** du hdaTdi 1 m ^ e ^ ? a „ ? f " l " * ^ ' " ^ '"'^ """^ "^M
">-* toin a u mang Id co hdi lA^^T b- V"">-* ' ' " ">-* " " ^ ^ ">-*™« kk nli 
,i. hifn. lan tda d i l ; ; S ; X ° t " r ^ " ° ; « * 5 * ! ^ ' ^ . ^ c h f t c ^
•i ™™ da cupc dua sic t Z X Z ^ l d l ' Z ' - " "'"' ^ *

i^^^^cgiatichZtC^a^nLlltd^lrd''''"''"-':

^ vdi cpng ding ihigioi Di xa hon. sfte n ^ ^ l m S ^ f ^ ""t

^^ '""^'^^'^^''^I'pidansvcOngnhunhangcdngdantoincIa^

ffl Thj Minh H^nh, 05/03/2014 "ViMrtni,; • ^

,« ffl».pha.vn.hS™.vS ™ - ^ ^ i ' L ^ ' ' " ' ' ' ' ^ ' = ' ^ ' * 0 ^ ' » ^ .
, »car-c40al71340.ha,l.»,,ycS„p.//T3/^"J°"P'"'"-°"-<'™P"=liia-<luoe-de.^.

^™^Impac, (Economic and O0,env,se,.fU,;^<,f 4 . R^^^„^^^.___^_^^

'•si^Jtr-^f^sirg^rSiSret'^^'r-'"^-™"-^^^^^^

^SoLuhan. Marshall (2003? t / ^ S X j e S S ^ i ^ S . " , ^ / ^ ^ " ' '

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Ket luin

^ Vay tii ciu chuyen cudc dua sfte mjnh mlm giua eac quic gia dau
flie ky 21. ching ta rit ra dupe bii hpc nao cho Vipt Nam ttong tiln ttinh
hpi nhjp toin ciu? Lam sao Viet Nam xuit Uen ttto bin d l cie quic gia
sd huu s i c manh mlm? Viet Nam dupe bilt din cd nhilu nguin luc mlm
phong p h i va hip din, din tit nln van hda ttuyto flilng lau ddi, con ngudi 
hieu khach, cing nhilu cinh quan fliito nhito dupe UNESCO cdng nhjin.
Van de la vdi nhung nguin ndi Ivc niy, lim sao Vipt Nam cd ttil phit huy
va lan tda cie gii tti eia minh? Cd nUlu bito phap khi di di tii eip vimo
den vi md cd flil dvpc xem xet, cin nhic. Diu tito, Vi^t Nam can xic
djnh ddi tirpng mi mfah can nhim toi. L i m0, ttiinh vidn cia ASEAN,
Vip, Nam cin cd cUin djch quing ba htoh inh Upu qui tiudc tien la ttong
chfah cpng ding niy. Sau dd Vift Nam ein hudng din nhftng dii tfc
ttuyen ttidng nhu Phip, Nga, Nhjt, M J, chau Au l i nhung quie gia cd sin
nhung J mpm to, dpp v l htoh inh Vi jt Nam. Djc bipt, frong flidi dji till
gioi md eia ky nguyto cdng nghe ttidng tin. Interne, cflng l i mp, phuong
tien lan toa Unh anh hi j u qui. Vip, Nam cin xay dung Unh inh mp, dit
nuoc tich cvc, Ueu khich, tii m$, Vij, Nam cia eUln franh, sang Mnh anh
md, Vie, Nam dii mdi, nang t^g, cing nhung di sin van hda-fliito nUSn 
dvpc gm giii, bio ion, v i phi, huy. Quan frpng l i tinh bin vftng tiong sv
phi, frien, cin frinh m: duy "an xii d ttii", tir duy "lim an mp, mia", thi
luc ay, nhung gia tti mlm cia Vij, Nam se cd sfte lan ,da m ^ me Nhu
Joseph Nye da ndi, sv myto ttuyln hiju qui nhi, l i khdng tayto ttuyln gi
ci. Khi nhung gia tti "dich ttivc" Ito ngdi ttii nd se "huu xa nr nhifti
huong", lan tda tv nUto vio long cdng ching quic tl, v i lie iy Vipt Nam
se dang hoing gdp mjt ttong bang xlp h,ng nhung quic gia nli bjt vl sue
manh mSm thd gidi.

210

09/20I«>mu

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NgMenduQuictisi3(106)

TAI U^xi TEAM KHAO

1. McLuhan. Marshall (2003). UnderslandingMedia, Oingko Press 
2. Nafl^n fleauchamp-Mustafaga (10/10/2014). "A spoUed

Amnversary-China Reacts to ContiiciustostitateContmve,^., Amnversary-China Bri^,V^^ 
14, Issue 19.

3. Josheph Nye (2004). Soft Power: The Means lo Success in World

Politics, Public Affairs, New York.

1

4. Joseph Nye (2002), ne paradox of American power: Why the world's ""•y^P^-^rcan'tgoitaloncOxtoriVnivcsityPress 
5. Joseph Nye (2007), Understanding Iniemational Conflicts- An

Introduction to Theory and History, flie sixtti Edition, Pea.„„ 
Loagman.

6. Manfted Steger (201 l),ra»,<:^A^_ NXB Tri Thftc

7. Luong VanKl(cb)(20U), Vdn hia Bic My trong Toin ciu hia,,^ 
Ciiao dye VietNam.

</div>

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Cạnh tranh sức mạnh mềm giữa các quốc gia thế kỷ XXI

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