On tap thi TN

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Lesson

one

:

TENSES

1. Simple present

:

Key words:

always, sometimes, often, usually, everyday, every morning/

afternoon/ evening,..

-

Diễn tả hành động thói quen, tập quán ở hiện tại

a. Mr Brown often starts work at 7 o’clock.

b. Everyday, she does morning exercises.
c. She always prepares lessons before class.

-

Diễn tả cái chân lí, cái sự thật

a. Water freezes at Oo c.

b. The earth moves around the sun.

-

Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra rong tương lai, đặc biệt trong mệnh đề thời gian:

when, as, as soon as...

a. When she finishes the test, she will come home.

b. As you see me tomorrow, remember to ask me to do that.
c. The bell rings as soon as Nam comes out.

Notes

:

S(ít) + V

s

es (ch, sh, s, ss, o, y)

/ is, am/ have

S(nhieàu) + V/ are/ have

2. Present continuous

:

Key words:

now, at the moment, immediately, straight away, right now…

-

Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại.

a. We are waiting for you now.
b. Look! It is raining at the moment.

-

Diễn tả hành động đang diễn tiến của một hành động khác ở hiện tại.

a. When Anne comes to me, I am doing exercises at home.

b. As I pass by, she is listening to music.

-

Diễn tả hành động sắp xảy ra trong tương lai gần.

a. What are you doing tomorrow evening?

b. We are spending next summer at Dalat.
c. I am listening to music at the moment.

3. Present perfect

:

- Diễn tả hành động trong quá khứ mà

thời gian không biết rõ

.

a. We have lost my pen somewhere.

b. Have you done your exercises at home?

S

is, are, am +

V

-ing

S has/ have + V

ed3

S + - V, V

ses

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- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong khỏang tg nhưng bây giờ chưa qua.

a. I have seen her this morning.

b. We have gone to the movie twice a week.

- Diễn tả hành động trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại.

a. He has learnt English for 7 years.

b. She has lived in Dongthap since 1979.

NOTES:

Key words

: since, for, just, already, not…yet, never, ever, this morning/ year/

month, lately, several, twice, recently…

4. Present perfect continuous

:

-

Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ mà còn liên tục đến hiện tại và đến tương

lai. (since, for)

a. He has been waiting for her for two hours but now he doesn’t meet.
b. I have been writing this letter since 9 o’clock this morning.

c. How many tests have you done?

d. I have been doing at the fourth one on paper.

5. Simple past

:

Key words

: ago, yesterday, last week/ month/ year/ time, in 1999, 2000…

- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ có thời diểm xác định.

a. She worked very hard yesterday.
b. The train started leaving 2 hours ago.
c. He didn’t go to class last week.

- Thói quen trong quá khứ.

a. When I was a student, I played table tennis.

b. As he worked for that company, he smoked 20 cigarettes a day.

- Có thời gian kéo dài nhưng đã chấm dứt.

a. Ten years ago, I studied French for a year.

b. My friend was in the army for 2 years but now he is a student.

6. Past continuous

:

Key words

: yesterday morning,

at that time, at 7

o’clock yesterday.

- Đang xảy ra ngay thời điểm trong quá khứ.

a. I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.
b. What were you doing at 7 o’clock yesterday.

S has/ have been V

- ing

S

- was/ were

- V

ed2

- Had

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She

was eating

dinner at 7 last week.

- Cùng lúc với 1 hành động kkác trong quá khứ. (when, as, while)

a. When the phone rang, I was doing exercises at home.

b. As I came to her house yesterday, she was having dinner with her
family.

c. While he was listening to music, it began to rain.

7. Past perfect

:

Key words

: By 2000, before, after, when, as, as soon as….

- Diễn tả hành động trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ.

a.

He

had gone

to school before 10 o’clock yesterday.

b.

By 2 o’clock last night I

had finished

my homework.

c.

By world war two, he

had been

a doctor.

- Diễn tả hành động trước một thời hành động khác trong quá khứ.

a. Before he came to school yesterday, he had locked the door.

b. When I reached into the house, I found that the robbers had broken in and taken
money away.

8. Simple future

:

Key words

: Tomorrow, next week/ month/ year/ time, in 15 minutes, in 2010…

- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong tương lai.

a. I will finish these exercises tomorrow.

b. He will sell the house when he lacks of money.

Notes:

1.

S has/ have V

3ed

………….. Since S + V

2ed

………....

2.

After S had V

3ed

………, S V

2ed

………..

3.

Before S V

2ed

……….., S had V

3ed

………

Lesson two

RELATIVE CLAUSES

1.

Who

: - Person

- Subject

2.

Whom

: - Person

- Object

3.

Which

: - Things

- Subject or object

4.

Whose

: - Possession

- Subject or Object

5.

That

:

S + had V

3ed

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a. Must use “THAT”:



Superlative: the most, …est



Key words

: only, few, all, a few, several, some, very, most, most of,

every, little, a little,…



Indefinite pronouns: someone, somebody, something, none, nobody,

nothing, everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything.



Many mixed nouns: dog and man, a book and cat

b. Can’t use “THAT”:



Before “preposition”



Before “comma”

6.

When:



indicates “time”

7.

Where:



indicates “places”

8.

Why:



indicates “reason”

Exercise 1: fill in the blank with a relative pronoun (who, whom, which, whose, that)
1. This is a man………works here very hard.

2. The man …………..we met yesterday is a teacher.

3. The book……….. I bought at that store last week is nice.
4. Here is Mr. Pike………….helps me do exercises very much.
5. The house……we were born is now very old.

6. This is the largest river……….we know.
7. This is the man……..people like much.

8. There is somebody…………..wants you on telephone.
9. The policeman………you see is on the table.
10. This is Mrs. Daisy,…………..son is a nurse.

11. This is my friend,……….studied with me at university.
12. This is the book the cover of………..is red.

13. My brother,……..house we came, is a lawyer.
Exercise 2: combine the sentences using a suitable pronoun or adverb

1. Here was the man. We met him in the street last night.
2. This is the chair. You gave it to me.

3. The man is standing over there. He works here for a long time.
4. That is the woman. I told you about her.

5. The school is so bad. Many pupils complained about it.
6. A man answered on telephone. He said that Nam was out.
7. The teacher is excellent. I am taking his course.

8. I met many friends and cars. They appeared in front of the gate.
9. That is the reason. I tell you about that reason.

10. Sunday is a good day. We should meet on that day.

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Lời nói gián tiếp là câu tường thuật từ lời nói trực tiếp dưới một dạng khác, bao gồm một số thay

đổi: thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian, đại từ... Tuy nhiên, ý nghĩa của câu nói vẫn
được giữ nguyên. There are three essential kinds of sentences:

commands

,

questions

, and

statements

.

COMMANDS:

(câu mệnh lệch, đề nghị)

Là câu người nói yêu cầu người nghe hãy làm hoặc đừng làm một việc gì đó.

1. Affirmative command: (

mệnh lệnh khẳng định

)

Examples:

a.

The teacher said, “Come at 7: 30 o’clock in the morning, the pupils”
 The teacher told the pupils to come at 7: 30 o’clock in the morning

b.

He said, “Hurry up, Lan”.

 He told Lan to hurry up.

c.

“Please open the door for me and turn the computer on ”, she said.
 She told me to open the door for her and turn the computer on.

d.

“Drive the bicycle carefully on the street”, Daisy said to her son.

 Daisy told her son to drive the bicycle carefully in the street.

2. Negative command: (

mệnh lệch phủ định

)

Examples:

a. “Don’t wear boots in the house.”, she said to us.
 She told us not to wear boots in the house.

b. “Please don’t tell anyone what happened”, he said to the man.
 He told the man not to tell anyone what happened.

c. The teacher said: “ Don’t make noise in class any more, Nam”.
 The teacher ordered Nam not to make noise in class any more.

d. “Don’t leave my house without taking any advice”, Mr. Bob said to his son.
 Mr. Bob asked his son not to leave his house without taking any advivce.
e. Tom said Jane, “Don’t wait for me at the school gate.”

 Tom told Jane not to wait for him at the school gate.

Notes:

1.

said/ said to



told/ asked

2.

always have

Object

. (

S + told/ asked + O

)

3.

“

please

” omitted.

4.

“

should/ ought to, if i were, could you please, would you like...

”:

được

xem như là lời khuyên:



được đơn giản.

Examples:

a. He said, “You should see a doctor.”

S + Said, “ Vo +

O...”

 S + told/ asked O To

S + said, “ Don’t Vo +

O...”

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 He advised me to see a doctor.

b. “If I were you, I would take the exam.”, she said to me.
 She encouraged me to take the exam.

c. “Could you please show me the way to the post office?” the man said.
 The man asked me to show him to the post office.

QUESTIONS

: (caâu hoûi)

1. Yes-no questions:

Examples

a. They said, “Are you tired, Tom?”
 They asked Tom if he was tired.

b. “Have you seen that film?”, Jack said to Jane.

 Jack asked Jane whether she had seen that film.
c. “Did you want to need help from me, Linda?” said John.

 John asked Linda if she had wanted to need help from him.
d. Jim said to me, “Do you see this thief today?”

 Jim asked me if I saw that thief that day.

Notes:

1. said/ said to



asked.

2. Thêm

if

or

whether

trong mệnh đề giới thiệu.

3. Trật tự câu hởi về câu trần thuật.(

V + S... :



S + V...

)

4. Động từ lùi về một thì.

2. Wh- Questions: (who, when, where, which, what,... )

Examples:

a. He said, “Why didn’t you tell me about that, Lan?”
 He asked Lan why she hadn’t told him about that.
b. “When will you go?”, she said to us.

 She asked us when we would go.

c. She said to Tom, “where can I buy a stamp?”

 She asked Tom where she could buy a stamp.

d. “What time does this film begin today?”, said the girl.
 The girl wanted to know what time that film began that day.
e. “What did you do at school yesterday, Nam?” said his mother.

 Nam’s mother asked him what he had done at school the day before.
f. “Who causes the accident?”, the man said to me.

 The man asked me who caused the accident.

g. “What will happen if you can’t find your passport”, the man said to me.

S + said, “ V + S + O... ?”



S + asked

if/ whether

S V(

lùi về một

thì

)+ O

S said, “Wh- V +

S ... ?”

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 The man asked me what would happen if I couldn’t find my passport.

Notes:

1. said/ said to



asked/ wanted to know/ inquired/ wondered...

2. giữ lại WH- S + V (

lùi một thì

) or WH- V (

lùi một thì

)

3.

cấu trúc

“...shall I ...?”

có thể

hai nghĩa:

+

Dùng để

hỏi thơng tin

:

...shall I... :



...I would...

Examples

:

- “Shall I be in London in time if I catch the 10: 30 train?”, he said.

 He asked if he would be in london in time if he catched the 10:30 train.

+

Dùng để bày tỏ

sự giúp đở

:

...shall I... :



...I should...

Examples

:

-

“Shall I carry the bag for you?” he said.



He asked if he

should

carry the bag for me.

STATEMENTS: (

câu trần thuật

)

Examples :

1. She said, “I am very tired of staying here this morning”.
 She said that she was very tired of staying there that morning.

2. “I took a trip to Dalat with my family yesterday”, said Johny.
 Johny said (that) he had taken a trip to Dalat with his family the day before.

3. Nam said to Ann, “I will introduce you to my friends at seaside next
week”.

 Nam told Ann he would introduce her to his friends at seaside the following week.
4. “I was having dinner with my family when you came last week”, she

said to me.

 She told me she had been having dinner with her family when I had came the
week before.

SOME ESSENTIAL NOTES

:

a.

Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu được dùng ở thì

hiện tại đơn, hiện

tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hịan thành hoặc tương lai đơn

:



“

thì” trong câu gián tiếp không đổi.

Examples:

1. He says: “The tests are very difficult”.
 He says that the tests are very difficult.

2. He says: “I start going to school at 7 o’clock ”.
 He says he starts going to school at 7 o’clock.

b.

Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể hiện

chân lí

, hành động lập lại

thường

xuyên

:



“

thì

”

trong câu trực tiếp không đổi.

S + said, “ S + V + O...”

 S + told + O that S + V (lùi

thì) + O..

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Examples:

1. Yesterday the teacher said: “the earth goes round the sun”.
 Yesterday the teacher said the earth goes round the sun.
2. “My father always drinks coffee after dinner.” said he.

 He said that his father always drinks coffee after dinner.

c.

Caùc modal verbs:

would, could, might, ought to, should, used to,

would rather, had better,...

:



khơng thay đổi

( cịn must



had to )

Examples:

1. Tom said to me, “You had better not contact her”.
 Tom told me that I had better not contact her.

2. He said, “I must go because I have got an appointment in half an hour”.
He said he had to go because he had got an appointment in half an hour.

d.

Động từ trong câu câu nói có

thời gian xác định

:



“thì

” trong câu khơng đổi

Examples:

1. He said, “I was born in 1980”.
 He said that he was born in 1980

2. “I moved to Hong Ngu in 2001”, she said.

 She said that she moved to Hong Ngu in 2001.

e.

Câu điều kiện

loại 2, 3

và

past subjunctive (

trong

wish, as if..):



“

thì” trong câu không đổi

Examples:

1. “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here”, he said.
 He said if he were me, he wouldn’t come there.
2. Mary said, “I wish I were a boy.”

 Mary said thet she wished she were a boy.

3. “You acted as if you had much money ”, she said to me.
 She told me that I had acted as if I had much money.

4. “If you had done the test well, you would have passed the exam”, Tom said.
 Tom told me if I had done the test well, I would have passed the exam.

f.

Thêm

liên từ

vào câu gián tiếp để

chỉ nguyên nhân: (and/ because/

as...)

1. She said, “I am tired. I have been waiting for you for hours”.

 She told me that she was tired because she had been waiting for me for hours.
2. “I stood at the shcool gate at 7 o’clock. I came to class at 7:30”, he said.

 He said that he had stood at the school gate at 7 o’clock and he had come to class
at 7:30.

g.

So

and

such

:



được

đổi

thành

very

Examples:

1. “I played valleyball so well yesterday”, Bob said.

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2. They said, “Mr. Smith is such a famous doctor”.
 They said that Mr. Smith was a very famous doctor.

h.

Một số thay đổiû

câu cảm thán:

Examples:

1. He said, “How pleasant! Daisy comes to dinner with me.”

 He cried joyfully/ delightedly/ with joy that Daisy came to dinner with him.
2. He said, “I am sorry! I have no money.”

 He said sadly/ sorrowfully/ with deep sadness that he had no money.
3. She said to him, “excuse me for my rudeness.”

 She apologized him for her rudeness.
4. “Thank you for your help.” she said them.

 She thanked them for their help.

i.

Một số thay đổi

tính từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian:

Exercise: Change the following sentences into indirect sentences

1. “Sit down, Nam”, the teacher says.

2. “Open the book” Lan says to Daisy.

3. “Please come to class in time” she says to me.

4. “Look at me, Tom” Mary said.

5. “Carry me a book” Mary said to Tom.

6. “Make me a cup of tea” Dick said to Mary.
7. “Give me your book now, Tom” Jane said.
8. He said to her “help me do this exercise now”.
9. “Go to school with me tomorrow, Alice” John said.
10. She siad to me “bring me your handbag this week”.
11. “Don’t make noise in class now” teacher said to me.
12. Ann said “don’t cause me a problem, Tom”.

13. “Don’t stay at your house today, dick” teacher said.
14. “Don’t mention this exercise with me” she said to him.
15. He said to her “don’t lend me your money here”.

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
This  that These  those

Here  there Now  then
Ago  before Today  that day

Tonight  that night The day before yesterday  two days

before

Yesterday  the day before/ the previous day
Next week  the following week/ the week after
The day after tomorrow  two days after

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16. “I meet you at school today” Lan said to Tom.
17. “You need to study harder” Lan said to Tom.

18. “I have finished your test yesterday, Nam” Mary said.
19. “You made a mistake in your letter” Tom said to Jane.
20. “I don’t like these flowers from my friends now” Anna said.
21. “You didn’t look at this fault because it was my task, Jane” he

said.

22. “Where is the pen?” he said to her.

23. “Where do you go on these days?, Mary” he said.

24. “When did you come back to hometown?” I asked Jollie.
25. “Where did you call me yesterday? Nam” Daisy.

26. “What are you looking for?” he said to her.

27. “What have you done with my requirement? Lan” he said.
28. “Do you want to meet me at school?” Ann asked me.

29. “Can you help me do this exercise tomorrow? Tom” she said.
30. “Did you see my answer on the board yesterday?” John said to

Anne.

31. “Have you studied english for 7 years? Long” teacher asked.
32. “Are you making an essay from your teacher? Lan” He asked.
33. “Don’t cause me a suprising news? Nam” she said.

34. “You run faster than i do.” She said to me.

35. “Look for me immediately if i am late” Tommy said to Daisy.
36. “Don’t listen to me on these days, Lorry” Peter said.

37. “Are you listening to my words on telephone now? Linda”
Tommy.

38. ‘Come here and take your way, boy” they said.

Lesson 4

CONDITIONAL CLAUSE

There are three basic conditional clauses

1.

Present real action:

Example:

1. If she gets up early, she will feel happy.
2. You will get a high mark if you work hard.
3. If i have much money, i will buy a house.
2.

Present unreal action:

Example:

1. If you went to school today, you would meet me there.
2. He would write enough lessons if he attended the class.

3. If he won a lottery tecket today, he would help the poor.

If S + - V, V

ses

……., S will + V

o

- is, are, am

- have, has

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3.

Past unreal action:

Example:

1. If i had worked hard last year, i would have passed the exam.

2. They would have gone abroad, if they had had a chance.

3. If the weather hadn’t been bad yesterday, we would have gone
camping.

Notes:

1. If……not = unless

2. S V O. S V O  If 
a. Present:  type2
b. Past:  type 3

Exercise: Rewrite the sentences without changing meaning
1. If he doesn’t work hard, he will fail the exam.

2. If she doesn’t go to school, she will not meet friends.
3. If she didn’t meet me, she would be angry.

4. They would go if they didn’t watch TV.

5. Lan will visit Dalat if she doesn’t have a class.
6. If the weather weren’t good, we can’t go fishing.
7. Unless Ann saw me, she would come here.
8. Unless she finishes the test, she will stay there.
9. Unless she comes early, she will be punished.

10. Unless he had done the test well, he would have failed.

11. Unless the teacher gave exercises, the students would be laxy.
12. They will be late unless they catch the bus.

13. If they hadn’t been good friends, they wouldn’t have agreed together.
14. Unless she were good at English, she wouldn’t apply for a job.

Lesson 4

CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON

1. Because + clause (S

1

+ V…), S

2

+ V



because of

+

- V

-ing

………(S

1

= S

2

)

- the A+ N

-

possive adj + N

1. Mary can’t go to school because she is sick.
2. Because he works very hard, he passes the exam.
3. Nam is admired because he studies vry well.

4. Pupils don’t finish the test because the test is difficult.
5. We can’t go camping because the weather is bad.
6. She didn’t go fishing because the water was rough.
7. I like him because he I kind.

8. Because it rains, we can’t go out.

9. Because it rains heavily, the pupils come to class late.
10. She didn’t love him because he behaved badly.

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11. The train was late because the fog was thick.
12. Bob gets an accident because he drives carelessly.
13. Pupils come to her because she is ill.

14. It is raining. So we stay at home.

15. People begin to jog. They hear jogging is a good exercise.
16. Tomorrow is a holiday. The shops are shut.

Lesson 5

CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION

1. Although

Though + S1 + V…, S2 + V...

Even though

 In spite of - V-ing……… ( khi S1= S2)
 Despite + - the Adj + N

- possive adj + N

1.

Although it got dark, they continued to work.

2.

Though the rain is heavy, we don’t stop schooling.

3.

We did the test well although it was difficult.

4.

Although he strong, I am not afraid of him.

5.

Even though his English is good, he hasn’t been chosen.

6.

She attended the meeting though she didn’t feel better.

7.

Although it is important, pupils aren’t good at English.

8.

Though he got up early, he was late for school.

9.

Even though Tom spent much time studying English, he wasn’t good at it.

10.People paid much attention to him though he failed the driving test.

11.He failed the exam though he was lucky.

Lesson 6

SOME STRUCTURES OF TIME

1. S V O Time



IT TAKES/ TOOK + O(PERSON) + TIME TO V

O

……

Exercise:

1. She goes to school for 15 minutes on foot.

2. He thinks of this exercise in 30 munites.
3. They finished the test for an hour.
4. I will talk to him in 2 hours.

5. The pupils have done some tests in 60 minutes.
6. She will write the essay for 2 hours.

7. She is listening to music for 2 hours.
8. He has watched the program for 3 hours.
9. He made the chair in 30 minutes.

2. S has/have(not) V

3ed

………..for/since time



IT IS TIME SINCE S V

2ED

……….

</div>
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1. He hasn’t gone to school for 2 years.
2. She hasn’t met me for one year.
3. I haven’t seen my father for 2 months.
4. my father hasn’t been to Hanoi for 5 years.
5. I haven’t eaten this kind of food for one year.
6. Mary hasn’t jogged in the street for 5 years.

3. S has/have(not) V

3ed

…………time before.



IT IS THE FIRST TIME S HAS/HAVE V

2ED

………….

Exercise:

1. I haven’t eaten this food before.

2. He hasn’t met these flowers in the garden before.

3. She hasn’t got a bad mark like this before.

4. He hasn’t gone to Hanoi before.

5. They haven’t dealt with such a serious problem before.

4. S has/ have(not) V

3ed

…………..since/ for time.



the last time S V

2ed

…………..was (prepo) time (ago).

Exercise:

1. She hasn’t gone to school since 1993.
2. He hasn’t got a good amrk for two months.
3. We haven’t seen this exciting film since august.
4. She hasn’t done the heavy work since 1999.
5. Mary hasn’t met her old friends for 6 months.
6. Nam hasn’t played football since 2001.

7. It hasn’t rained for a week.

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On tap thi TN

<b>Lesson</b>

<b> one</b>

<b> </b>

:

<b>TENSES</b>

<b>1. Simple present</b>

<b> : </b>

<i><b>Key words: </b></i>

<b>always, sometimes, often, usually, everyday, every morning/ </b>

<b>afternoon/ evening,..</b>

-

<i><b>Diễn tả hành động thói quen, tập quán ở hiện tại</b></i>

-

<i><b>Diễn tả cái chân lí, cái sự thật</b></i>

-

<i><b>Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra rong tương lai, đặc biệt trong mệnh đề thời gian:</b></i>

<i><b>when, as, as soon as...</b></i>

<i><b>Notes</b></i>

<b>:</b>

<i><b> </b></i>

<b>S(ít) + V</b>

<b>/ is, am/ have</b>

<b>S(nhieàu) + V/ are/ have</b>

<b>2. Present continuous</b>

<b> :</b>

<i><b>Key words: </b></i>

<b>now, at the moment, immediately, straight away, right now…</b>

-

<i><b>Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại.</b></i>

-

<i><b>Diễn tả hành động đang diễn tiến của một hành động khác ở hiện tại.</b></i>

-

<i><b>Diễn tả hành động sắp xảy ra trong tương lai gần.</b></i>

<b>3. Present perfect</b>

<b> :</b>

<i><b>- Diễn tả hành động trong quá khứ mà </b></i>

<b>thời gian không biết rõ</b>

<i><b>.</b></i>

<b> </b>

<b>S</b>

<b> is, are, am + </b>

<b>V</b>

<b>S has/ have + V</b>

<b>S + - V, V</b>

<b>- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong khỏang tg nhưng bây giờ chưa qua.</b>

<b>- Diễn tả hành động trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại.</b>

<b>NOTES:</b>

<i><b>Key words</b></i>

<b>: since, for, just, already, not…yet, never, ever, this morning/ year/ </b>

<b>month, lately, several, twice, recently…</b>

<b>4. Present perfect continuous</b>

<b> :</b>

<b>- </b>

Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ mà còn liên tục đến hiện tại và đến tương

lai. (since, for)

<b>5. Simple past</b>

<b> :</b>

<i><b>Key words</b></i>

<b>: ago, yesterday, last week/ month/ year/ time, in 1999, 2000…</b>

<b>- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ có thời diểm xác định.</b>

<b>- Thói quen trong quá khứ.</b>

<b>- Có thời gian kéo dài nhưng đã chấm dứt.</b>

<b>6. Past continuous</b>

<b> :</b>

<i><b>Key words</b></i>

<b>: yesterday morning,</b>

<b>at that time, at 7 </b>

<b>o’clock yesterday.</b>

<i><b>- Đang xảy ra ngay thời điểm trong quá khứ.</b></i>

<b>S has/ have been V</b>

<b>S </b>

<b>- was/ were </b>

<b>- V</b>

<b>- Had</b>

She

<b>was eating</b>

dinner at 7 last week.

<i><b> - Cùng lúc với 1 hành động kkác trong quá khứ. (when, as, while)</b></i>

<b>7. Past perfect</b>