The wedding custom of vietnamese people and english people = phong tục cưới hỏi của người việt nam và người anh tertiary level scientific research project year 2007 – 2008

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY

UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

TERTIARY LEVEL
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROJECT
YEAR 2007 – 2008

THE WEDDING CUSTOM OF
VIETNAMESE PEOPLE AND
ENGLISH PEOPLE
VÕ THỊ NỮ CHÂU
NGUYỄN TRẦN ĐỨC HUY
TRẦN THỊ TUYẾT MAI
LÂM NGUYỄN HẠNH UYÊN
NGUYỄN THỊ BÍCH VY

Supervisor: Ms. VÕ THỊ HOÀNG MAI

Ho Chi Minh, April – 2008


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction ...................................................................................................4
CHAPTER I: VIETNAMESE WEDDING CUSTOM.................................6
1.1. Vietnamese wedding custom in the past ...................................6
1.1.1. Nap Thai etiquette........................................................6
1.1.2. Van Danh etiquette ......................................................6

1.1.3. Nap Cat etiquette .........................................................8
1.1.4. Nap Te etiquette...........................................................8
1.1.5. Thinh Ki etiquette ........................................................8
1.1.6. Nghenh hon etiquette...................................................8
1.2 Vietnamese wedding custom in modern times ............................9
1.2.1. Stages of Vietnamese wedding custom
in modern times ...........................................................10
1.2.1.1. Cham Ngo etiquette ........................................10
1.2.1.2. Hoi etiquette....................................................10
1.2.1.3 Cuoi etiquette...................................................13
1.2.2. Some differences between the modern
Vietnamese weddings and the past ones......................14
CHAPTER II: BRITISH WEDDING CUSTOM .........................................17
2.1. British engagement and wedding ceremony
and some related custom and rites................................................17
2.1.1. Engagement ceremony..................................................17
2.1.2. Preparations for weddings ............................................18
2.1.3. Wedding ceremony .......................................................22
2.2. Wedding parties ..........................................................................25


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2.2.1. Wedding cakes..............................................................25
2.2.2. Wedding parties ............................................................27
2.2.3. Dancing.........................................................................29
2.3. Honeymoon.................................................................................29
CHAPTER III: THE ORIGIN OF WEDDING CUSTOM ..........................31
3.1. The origin of English wedding custom.......................................31
3.2. The origin of Vietnamese wedding custom ................................33

BIBLIOGRAPHY.........................................................................................38


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INTRODUCTION
1. The problem and rationale:
Vietnam is now on the way to get integrated into the world. The word
“integration” has been used more often since Vietnam became an official
member of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the United
Nations (UN), and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Studying other
countries’ cultures is an important step in the integration process.
In addition, in the modern age, there have been many English people
who work and live in Vietnam, and vice versa. From this relationship, there are
more weddings between Vietnamese people and English people.
Therefore, knowing the wedding customs of English people is quite
important to those majoring in English in particular and Vietnamese people in
general. One more point which should be mentioned is whether the wedding
customs of English people have influenced those of Vietnamese people or not
and in what ways Vietnamese wedding customs have been influenced.

2. Aims and objectives:
There have been many research and articles about the wedding custom
of English people and Vietnamese people. However, researchers just mention
the wedding customs of English people or Vietnamese people; they did not do
any research on whether the wedding custom of Vietnamese people is
influenced by that of English people. In this research, we hope to give an
answer to this question.
This research also support the course of “The basic of Vietnamese
culture” which is taught in the first semester and the course of British Studies

which is taught in the fifth and sixth semesters at Faculty of English
Linguistics and Literature – University of Social Sciences and Humanities –
Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City.


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In addition, we also hope that this research will help readers more
confident when communicating with foreigners, especially English people
since this research may be an overview of a part of English culture and
Vietnamese culture.


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CHAPTER I: VIETNAMESE WEDDING
CUSTOM
1.1. Vietnamese wedding custom in the past
In the past, especially among the upper classes, a marriage was arranged
not by the couple themselves but by their families. The purpose of marriage
was not only the settlement of the couple’s life but also the establishment of an
alliance between two families.
According to “Thọ mai gia lễ” by Hồ Sỹ Tân (cited in Pham Con Son,
2007: 33), a traditional wedding has six etiquettes: nap thai, van danh, nap te,
thinh ki, and nghenh hon.

1.1.1. Nap Thai etiquette (Lễ Nạp Thái):
Nap Thai etiquette is also called Cham Ngo etiquette (lễ Chạm Ngõ).
This etiquette is the first time members of groom’s family (or matchmaker) and
groom visits bride’s family to formally propose marriage to her. In this

etiquette, the groom’s family has to present to the bride’s family with betel
leaves, betel-nuts, Vietnamese rice wine and tea.

Picture 1.1: Betel leaves, and betel-nuts


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1.1.2. Van Danh etiquette (Lễ Vấn Danh):
Van Danh, which also takes place in the bride’s family, is the etiquette
after Nap Thai. The Van Danh etiquette is also called An Hoi where names and
ages of prospective brides and grooms are exchanged. Then the two families
would compare the bride’s age with the groom’s age in order to decide whether
they have compatible ages for marriage or not. In the Van Danh etiquette, the
couple is formally introduced to each other and to their future spouse’s family
as betrothed.
This is also the time for two families, especially the parents, to get to
know each other. Besides betel leaves, betel-nuts, Vietnamese rice wine and
tea, the groom’s family has to present Xoi Ga (steamed glutinous rice mixed
with chicken), a roast pork and cakes. Moreover, Su Se cakes (a special kind of
green - colored pastry used for Vietnamese wedding) and Com cakes (grilled
cakes of fresh rice) are also required. The Su Se cake with the green colour
symbolizes for Yang and the Com cake with the white colour symbolizes for
Yin. According to Vietnamese custom, the harmony of Yin and Yang means
the harmony of the nature.
On this day, the bride’s family would require wedding presents from the
future groom’s family. The couple could only be formally married, if the
groom’s family can satisfy all of these requirements. The presents usually are a
couple of gold ear-rings, a couple of gold rings, blankets, flowered sedge mats,
clothes, etc.

At the end of the Van Danh day, the bride’s family gives a little of the
presents back to the groom’s family and the rest is given to cousins, neighbors
and friends of the bride’s family as a wedding announcement.


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Picture 1.2: Su Se cakes

1.1.3. Nap Cat etiquette (Lễ Nạp Cát):
In the Nap Cat etiquette, the groom’s family will inform the bride’s
family about the best day for receiving bride.

1.1.4. Nap Te etiquette (Lễ Nạp Tệ):
At the appointed time and date, the representation of the bride’s family
brings what the bride’s family has exacted in the Van Danh ceremony.

1.1.5. Thinh Ki etiquette (Lễ Thỉnh Kỉ):
On the wedding day before receiving bride time, the groom's mother
along with a few other close relatives would make a trip to the bride's home,
carrying a tray of betel and a bottle of Vietnamese rice wine. The groom’s
mother would officially ask permission to "receive" the bride and then confirm
the time that the procession would arrive to bring the bride to her new home.

1.1.6. Nghenh Hon etiquette (Lễ Nghênh Hôn):
This is the last stage and also the chief part of a wedding ceremony. The
procession of the groom’s family is led by a specific order: the first person will
be a man chosen as the representative of the groom's house (he should have a
good manner of speaking along with high status in society), followed by the
present carriers and the huge traditional umbrellas, the groom's father, the

groom, then the rest of his immediate family and close friends.


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Interestingly, in the past the groom's mother did not take part in the
procession as a sign that she would not be a threat to the future bride (and she
would even hide for a short period upon the bride's welcome into the groom's
home). However, this practice has long been abandoned.
Wedding rituals are performed before the ancestral altars of two
families. The couple then officially becomes husband and wife.
In Vietnamese traditional wedding custom, there was another etiquette,
which was called cheo etiquette (lễ cheo). Cheo etiquette was held before or
after the Nghinh Hôn etiquette, the groom’s family offered some gifts or a sum
of money to the bride’s village. In the past, only after this etiquette, the
wedding was officially certified by the bride’s villagers.

Picture 1.3: Nghenh Hon etiquette

1.2. Vietnamese wedding custom in the modern times:
In the old age, if two lovers want to become a couple, they had to
organize a lot of etiquette. Some etiquette, however, is gradually cut out
nowadays and only indispensable ceremonies are retained. There are many
reasons for this but two followings are principal ones.


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• The first is life condition. The life is now more and more
civilized and modern. Vietnamese people find that the old

wedding customs are complex and unnecessary to organize all of
them. On the other hand, bride’s and bridegroom’s family also
want to reduce wedding expenses for useful purposes after
wedding.
• The second is Party and Government’s regulation to carry out “a
solemn, healthy and economical wedding”.
Cutting out some unnecessary etiquette not only brings about economy
for bride’s and bridegroom’s families, but also reduces some social evils which
appear through some etiquette such as exacting wedding-presents in some
village communities, etc.

1.2.1. Stages of Vietnamese wedding custom in modern
times:
From 1997 to now (2008), Vietnamese weddings usually have three
following etiquettes: Cham Ngo etiquette (Lễ Chạm Ngõ), Hoi etiquette (Lễ
Hỏi), Cuoi ettiquette (Lễ Cưới)

1.2.1.1. Cham Ngo Etiquette (Proposal etiquette)
Nowadays, bride and bridegroom’s marriages are based on their love.
They know each other by sight. That’s the reason why Cham Ngo etiquette (Lễ
Chạm Ngõ) is no longer an occasion for the bridegroom meets the bride and
versus. This is the first time bridegroom’s family come to bride’s family to see
each other. The bridegroom’s family will bring bride’s family offerings such as
tea, wine, fruits, pork pies and fermented pork roll, etc. This visit completely is
a chance for the bridegroom’s family to give a proposal. After this etiquette, if
nothing bad happens, Le Hoi (Engagement Etiquette) will be carried out.


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1.2.1.2. Hoi Etiquette (Lễ Hỏi, Engagement Etiquette)
When two families decide an appropriate day, Le Hoi (Engagement
Etiquette) will be organized. Bridegroom’s family often brings bride’s family
six trays including betel and areca, tea and wine, fruits, pork pie and pork roll,
jewelry, and cakes (may be yellow-colored wedding pastry, green rice flake
cake or cream cake, etc.)

Picture 1.4 a, b, c, d: Wedding offerings
Depending on each region, offerings can be different but betel and areca,
tea and wine, cakes are indispensable ones. In the old days, when bridegroom’s
family comes to meet the bride and bring her home, they let off firecrackers to
drive away evil spirits. This custom is changed now. Exploding firecrackers is
often done by bride’s family to welcome bridegroom’s family. Firecrackers are


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let off before bride’s father invites bridegroom’s family to enter his house.
However, the Vietnamese Government has forbidden letting off firecrackers
because of their harmful effects. Therefore, balloons are used to replace
firecrackers nowadays. On engagement etiquette day, bride and bridegroom
will wear traditional Áo Dài and Khăn đóng (turban) in the ceremony.

Picture 1.5a: The bride and bridegroom in Áo Dài and Khăn Đóng

In recent years, the bridegroom preferred wearing suit to dress and
turban.

Picture 1.5b: The bride in Ao Dai and the bridegroom in suit
At the end of the etiquette, bride’s family will give a party to feast

bridegroom’s family. When engagement etiquette ends, bride’s family will take


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some offerings to give back for bridegroom’s family. The rest will be divided
for immediate family and other relatives. About one or two weeks before
wedding day, wedding announcement cards (wedding invitation) will be sent to
guests for announcing the wedding day, wedding time and wedding place, and
inviting them.

Picture 1.6: Wedding invitation

1.2.1.3. Cưới etiquette (Lễ cưới, Wedding Etiquette)
In the past, after Le Hoi (Engagement Etiquette), two families had to
wait for a long time, even two or three years, to hold the Le Cuoi (Wedding
etiquette). As we have mentioned above, wedding organization now is much
simpler than it used to. Nowadays, right after Le Hoi (Engagement Etiquette),
Le Cuoi (Wedding Etiquette) is organized. It is often organized within two
days. One is in the bride’s side and one is in the bridegroom’s. Wedding
dresses are soirée (for the bride) and suit (for the bridegroom) in the banquet;
however, áo dài (for the bride only) is still used in traditional ceremony in the
morning.


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Picture 1.7: Bride and groom’s clothes in wedding party
In modern weddings, musical bands are often invited to sing and dance.
Therefore, the atmosphere of weddings is much livelier. After wedding, the

couple will enjoy their “honey moon”. To them, this is a private and
meaningful time.

Picture 1.8: Honeymoon in Dalat
There are many differences between the modern weddings and the past
ones. Modern weddings change in form, conception and marital custom;
however, the meaning of wedding processes does not change.


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1.2.2. Some differences between the modern Vietnamese
weddings and the past ones
• In the past, there were six etiquettes for a wedding (Nap Thai, Van Danh,
Nap Cat, Nap Te, Thinh Ky, Nghenh Hon) but in the modern times, there
are only three (Cham Ngo, Le Hoi, Cuoi).
•

In the past, after Le Hoi (Engagement Etiquette), the bride and the
bridegroom were not allowed to meet each other but now they freely meet
each other.

•

On the wedding day, bridegroom’s mother did not come to the bride’s
house, hiding at the corner with a lime-pot on her hands. It is to avoid
conflicts between the mother-in-law and the daughter-in-law, but this
custom does not exist now.

• Besides the old kind of party (sitting at tables which was prepared in

advance), a new kind of party appears. That is kind of buffet – foods is
arranged into long rows and everyone will stand during wedding party. This
kind of party is very popular in collective weddings because it is
economical.
• Guests who come to wedding party often offer gifts to brides and
bridegrooms. Now, they often present money than gifts. Therefore, there is
a box at the gate for guests to put money into. Before leaving the money,
guests are invited to sign their names on a beautiful cloth which will be kept
by the bride and bridegroom as a souvenir. It is to avoid being impolite
when bride, bridegroom and their parents hasten to slip money into their
pockets.


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Picture 1.10: Bride and bridegroom are often the first two people signing on the
beautiful cloth
• Wedding dress now is more multiform. The brides often wear soirées at the
party but they still wear áo dài and khăn đóng in the traditional ceremony.
• Originated from the Western, honeymoon is very popular in Vietnam now.
The couple enjoys their honeymoon right after their wedding. The vacation
did not exist in the past.
Vietnamese weddings in modern time have had a lot of changes in
comparison with the past ones. However, they have not lost the traditional
beauty. Modern weddings not only inherit good tradition of the ancients but
also renovate to keep pace with the development of our country. If people do
not select outside cultural values for the weddings, weddings themselves will
lose their good traditions.

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CHAPTER II: BRITISH WEDDING CUSTOM
In chapter I “Vietnamese wedding custom”, we have divided into two
main parts; they are “Vietnamese wedding ceremony in the past” and
“Vietnamese wedding ceremony in modern times” because custom and rites in
engagement and wedding celebration in old days and in modern ages have
many changes. They have been less complicated, and have cultural
acquirement from other countries. Whereas, chapter II “British wedding
custom” has a different setting because from ancient times to the present,
custom and rites in engagement and wedding in Britain in particular, and in
Europe in general have hardly changed. The information below is extracted
from The Book of Days by Adrian Wallwork and two websites:
www.weddings.co.uk and www.weddings.co.uk

2.1. British engagement and wedding ceremony and
some related custom and rites
2.1.1. Engagement ceremony
There is a proverb that: “marriage halves our grief, doubles our joys,
and quadruples our expenses.” Therefore, marital decision is one of the most
important ones in our lives. However, in the past, couples who fell in love with
each other could seldom decide their marriage on their own. Their marriage
must be accepted by their parents as well as their relatives.
Normally, the man did not make a proposal by himself; he asked one of
his close friends or his relatives to express his aspiration to his sweat-heart in
front of her family. In British custom, if they see a blind man, or a pregnant
woman, that proposal will not be accepted, because those omens will bring bad
luck. However, if they see a she-goat or a pigeon or wolf, it is a lucky thing.
However, nowadays, many things have changed; custom and rites in
engagement and wedding have not been as complex as they used to be.

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Engagement has become more romantic, because along with proposal, the man
gives his sweatheart a ring. Engagement is a procedure as well as the first step
leading them to their wedding.
After the proposal was accepted, the girl’s surname will be changed into
her would-be husband. However, this surname is called after the marriage.

2.1.2. Preparations for weddings
The next thing is choosing the day to celebrate the wedding. Nowadays,
most weddings often take place on Saturdays because everybody is off on that
day. However, in the past, Saturday and Friday, especially Friday the 13th were
considered unlucky. Besides, June was considered to be a lucky month to
marry in because it is named after Juno, the Roman goddess of love and
marriage. And, the summer as a whole was considered a good time to marry
and this is partly to do with the sun’s association with fertility.
As we have mentioned above, the wedding must be carefully prepared
because it is one of the most important events in our life. Wedding preparation
includes preparation of wedding cards, wedding dress, flowers, etc.
•

Wedding cards

Picture 2.1: Wedding card
When the day is chosen, the bride and groom will send wedding cards.
A wedding invitation is a letter asking the recipient to attend a wedding. It is
typically mailed four to six weeks before the wedding date. Wedding

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invitations are mailed in double envelopes. The inner envelope may be lined, is
not gummed, and fits into the outer envelope. The outer envelope is gummed
for sealing and addressing. Along with the wedding invitation, the ensemble
may also include a response card and envelope. The response card is
traditionally used for gathering totals for the caterer and getting a general of
guests attending. The recipient is asked to mail back the response card roughly
two weeks before the wedding or by the date indicated. The envelope is preaddressed and pre-stamped by the wedding party for ease. In addition, a
wedding invitation often includes a map or direction card, and accommodation
information. Besides, wedding invitation may be printed using one of the
following methods: engraving, lithography, thermography, letterpress printing
and sometimes blind embossing. In particular, hand-made wedding invitation
has become increasingly popular due to the rise in popularity to the cardmaking
and scrapbooking craft hobbies.
• Wedding gifts

Picture 2.2: Wedding gifts
A gift list is prepared by the couple (the bride and bridegroom) in order
to avoid duplication of gifts. It is essential that this list include items at all price
levels so that guests do not feel obliged into spending more than they can
afford. Therefore, the couple should provide a wide range of alternative ideas.
However, gifts which both bride and groom can use and enjoy in their future
life are better than personal gifts such as jeweler. Wedding gifts should be


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posted or delivered before the date of the wedding itself. When the gifts come

in, the bride should acknowledge each present on arrival. Besides, wedding
gifts may be replaced by money.
• Wedding dress
Traditionally, the bride’s dress should have “something old, something
new, something borrowed, something blue” and “a silver sixpence in the
bride’s shoe”. The “something old” represents for the couple’s stability in their
marriage. The old was often an old garter which was given to the bride by a
happily married woman in the hope that the happiness in her marriage would be
passed on to the new bride. The “something new” symbolizes the newly-weds’
happy and prosperous future. The “something borrowed” is often lent by the
bride’s family and is an item much valued by the family. The bride must return
the item to ensure good luck. The custom of the bride wearing ‘something blue’
originated in ancient Israel where the bride wore a blue ribbon in her hair to
represent fidelity. And the placing of a silver sixpence in the bride’s shoe was
to ensure wealth in the couples married life. Nowadays, some brides substitute
a penny in their shoe during the ceremony as silver sixpences are less common.
While the grooms often wear a black suit, most brides often wear white
wedding dresses because it represents maidenhood. A green dress is not worn
because that the green dress is thought to be unlucky.

Picture 2.3: The bride in white dress


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In order to protect the bride from evil spirits, and unlucky things, the
veil became popular in Britain in 1980s. The veil is also associated with
modesty and chastity.

Picture 2.4: The bride with a veil

•

Flowers

Flowers are an indispensable thing in wedding ceremony. Some people
choose flowers on the basis of their symbolic meaning. For instance, orange
blossom has always been associated with weddings because it signifies purity
and chastity.

Picture 2.5: Wedding flowers
People often avoid peonies because they imply shame; azaleas represent
temperance. And a combination of red and white flowers is avoided by the


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superstitious because they stand for blood and bandages. Meanwhile, roses
symbolize love and snowdrops represent hope.
The groom often chooses a flower for his buttonhole which also occurs
in the bride’s bouquet.
•

Bridesmaids and Groomsmen

Picture 2.6: Bride – bridegroom and bridesmaids and groomsmen
Bride and Groom often need the help of bridesmaids and groomsmen.
Bride chooses her sister or her close friend as a bridesmaid. Bridesmaids are
often young girls who were dressed in a similar way to the bride for the same
reason as the origin of veil. The bridesmaids were thought to act as decoys to
confuse evil spirits and thus protect the bride. And the groom also chooses a

groomsman for himself to help him with wedding celebration.

2.1.3. Wedding ceremony
In Britain, wedding ceremony is often celebrated in the church with the
witness of everybody.


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Picture 2.7: Wedding ceremony at the church
The ceremony shows here is extracted from the 2001 Marriage Service
from the Book of Common Worship.
The bride and groom stand before the Catholic priest, who will say: “In
the presence of God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, we have come together to
witness the marriage of …and …, to pray for God’s blessing on them, to share
their joy and to celebrate their love.”
The priest says to the couple: “…, will you take … to be your wife? Will
you love her, comfort her, honor and protect her, and, forsaking all others, be
faithful to her as long as you both shall live?”
The groom answers “I will”
The priest then says to the bride: “…, will you take … to be your
husband? Will you love him, comfort him, honor and protect him, and,
forsaking all others, be faithful to him as long as you both shall live?”
The bride answers “I will”
The priest invites the people to pray, silence is kept and the minister
says the collect: “God our Father, from the beginning you have blessed
creation with abundant life. Pour out your blessings upon … and …, that they
may be joined in mutual love and companionship, in holiness and commitment
to each other. We ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ your Son, who is alive

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and reigns with you, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever.
All Amen.”
The priest introduces the vows in these or similar words: “… and …, I
now invite you to join hands and make your vows, in the presence of God and
his people.”
The bride and bridegroom face each other. The bridegroom takes the
bride’s right hand in his and says: “I,…, take you, …, to be my wife, to have
and to hold from this day forward; for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer,
in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death us do part, according
to God’s holy law; In the presence of God I make this vow”
The bride and groom loose hands, and the bride takes the groom’s right
hand in hers and says: “I,…, take you, …, to be my husband, to have and to
hold from this day forward; for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in
sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death us do part, according to
God’s holy law; In the presence of God I make this vow”
The couple loose hands again. The priest receives the ring(s) from the
best man and says: “Heavenly Father, by your blessing, let these rings be to …
and … a symbol of unending love and faithfulness, to remind them of the vow
and covenant which they may have made this day; through Jesus Christ our
Lord. Amen.”
The groom places the ring on the bride’s fourth finger of her left hand
(counting the thumb). While holding it, the groom says: “…, I give you this
ring as a sign of our marriage. With my body I honor you, all that I am I give to
you, and all that I have I share with you, within the love of God, Father, Son,
and Holy Spirit.”
The couple may choose to exchange just one ring, in which case the
bride would say: “…, I receive this ring as a sign of our marriage. With my

body I honor you, all that I am I give to you, and all that I have I share with
you, within the love of God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.”


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If two rings are exchanged, they loose hands and the bride places a ring
on the fourth finger of the groom’s left hand. While holding it, she says: “…, I
give you this ring as a sign of our marriage. With my body I honor you, all that
I am I give to you, and all that I have I share with you, within the love of God,
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.”
The priest next joins to the couple’s right hands together and says:
“Those whom God has joined together let no one put asunder.”
And then, the bride and groom are required to sign the register to make
the marriage legal. Two witnesses are required to be present at the ceremony,
and also sign the register. Traditionally, the best man and chief bridesmaid
witness the signing of the register, but you can bestow this honor on favored
family members if you wish.
Wedding ceremony is so important to them that every couple always
wants their wedding to become special and unique with their inspiration. As we
have mentioned above, church has been considered as the traditional place to
celebrate wedding ceremony. In addition, wedding ceremony has been held in
other places, such as in a Register Office, in a garden, at home, at a hilltop, in a
park, or at the beach. Even it may be in a hospital if one partner is unable to
leave or is detained there as a psychiatric inpatient or in a prison if one partner
is a prisoner. Nowadays, young couples can also celebrate their wedding on the
ship or even under the sea. In general, people can set up their most specially
time in their lives at many various places, which depends on their taste and
condition, but church is still the traditional and best place for wedding.

2.2. Wedding parties
2.2.1. Wedding cakes
In Britain, wedding cakes are very important in wedding parties.
Wedding cakes nowadays are quite big and have many layers. Wedding cakes
represent for the bride and bridegroom’s love. Tradition generally requires the