Những con đường hình thành thuật ngữ khoa học hình sự tiếng Anh

S6 10 (240)-2015

NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG

147

INGQN N G C H Q C - V I E T N G C HQC-NGOAI N G O ]

NHfNG CON DlTdNG HINH THANH THUAT N G f
KHOA HQC HINH SV TIENG ANH *
METHODS FOR FORMING VIETNAMESE CRIMINAL SCIENCE TERMS
NGUYEN QUANG HUNG
( T h S - N C S ; D^i hQC Sir p h 9 m H d N^i)
Abstract; This article focuses on tfae methods of term formation, particularly applying to the
Vietnamese criminal science ones. The analysis of 1360 Vietnamese criminal science terms has
offered four methods for forming these terms, namely: terminologization of common words;
borrowing foreign terms; using acronyms; coding the word.
Key words: Vietnamese criminal science terms; term formation methods; terminologization;
borrowing; acronyms; coding.
1. Tlieo Sager [11, 71] cd ba pfauong fliftc chuyin di ngtt ngfaTa cfla tii dl tgo tfau§t ngtt.
tgo ra fliu^it ngft mdi tixing tilng Anfa: 1/ Sft Phdp chuyin di ndy cd till kfadng din din
dyng cfic tfaugt ngtt faifn cd trong ngdn ngft cfauyln nghTa ho$c din din chuyin ngfaTa. Vdi
cfaui^ 2/ Tgo thu$t ngtt mdi dya tren nguon tnidng hpp di chuyin khdng din din chuyin
tfiu$t ngttfaifncd bing cdc phucrng thuc phy gia, ngfaTa, tft thdng tfaudng dupc tiiu fa^ vl pfagm vi
ghdp, cfauyln tft logi vd viet tdt; 3/ Tgo ra tfau$t faogt dpngfaaydupc cfauyln di pfagm vi ftng dyng
ngQ mdi cfao ngdn ngtt cfauydn ngfinh dya t r ^ tft Hhh vyc ndy sang ITnh vyc kfafic v6i nfattng
cfic kfafii nifm mdi.Hodng vfin Hdnh cfao rfing: cdch nhln tft nhihig gde dd kfadc nhau". Kfai bfin
"Nhin mft cdcfa tdng quit, cd the thiy, tfaugt ngtt ve sy biln ddi y ngfaTa ci^ tft, Ld Quang Tliidm
tixmg tilng Vift, cung nhu trong cdc ngdn ngft cho ring: 'Trong qud trinh biln doi, pfadt trien
dfi pfadt trien kfadc hlnh tfadnfa nfad ba con dudng nglua cfta tft nfaieu ngfaTa, y ngfaTa tfaugt ngft vin
CO bfin Id: 1. Tfaugt ngft hda tft ngft thdng cdn nim lgi trong faf flidng y ngfaTa cua tft xuit

fliudng; 2. Ciu tgo nhQng tfaugt n ^ tuong ftng pfafit cfla npdn ngft cfaung. Y ngfaTa tiiugt ngft ndy
vdi tfaugt ngQ nude ngofii bdng phuong tfaftc sao vln cdn gfin liln vdi mpt ^ n^Ta nfio dd cfla tft
phdng; 3. Mupn nguydn tfaugt ngtt nude ngodi, ngQ thdng tfaudng. Qui tiinh phdt triln cdc ^
tfiudng Id nhQng tfaugt ngQ cd tfnh qudc te. Tft ba ngfaTa cfla tft nfailu ngfaTa tfaeo faudng tft ngfaia
con dudng ndy dd tgo ndn ba Idp thugt ngtt vdi tiidng tfaudng den ngfaTa tfaugt ngft cfafnfa Id qui
nhfbig d ^ bung kfadc nfaau cd vefalnfaflidivd trinfa bien doi ngfaTa tft vyng cfla tft tfadng thuemg
ngtt nghta trong vdn tfaugt ngQ cfla tilng Vift: 1. tfaeo hudng tft ngfaTa bilu tiij (detonational
Ldp tfaugt ngtt thuan vift; 2. Ldp tiiugt ngtt sao meaning) thudc ting nghTa tfayc tiln (practical
phdng; 3. Ldp fliu^t ngQ phidn dm." [3,26].
sti'atum) chuyin thfinh ngfaTa bilu nifm kfafii
2. Qua nghien cftu 1360 thugt ngft khoa hpc nifm kfaoa hpc (scientific concept) thupe ting
hinfa sy tilng Vift chung tdi thiy hf thu|t ngQ n^ua tri tuf (intellectual stratiim) [7, 1-10]. Co
sd dl chuyen di tft ngfaTa thdng thudng sang
nfiy dupcfalnfathdnh theo cdc phuong tfaftc sau:
ngfaTa tfau$t ngft cfafnfa Id dya tidn mdi quan hf
Thu-nhit, thu^t ngtt hda t u thdng thudng
Theo Hfi Quang Ndng, tiiu|lt ngtt hda tilr tuong ddng ho$c tiiong cgn vl cic thudc tinfa cda
tiidng thudng Id "m§t bilu hifn (vd ngtt fim) cfta sy v$t hay qui trinh dupc phfin finfa trong kfadi
tft vd c ^ bieu vgt gift nguydn khdng thay ddi, nifm do cicti)rngQ bilu tfaj theo phuang tfaftc in
cdn y nghTa flil fliay ddi [4, 9]. Hofing Vfin Hfinfa dy hda vd hoin dy hda. Khi sy chuyin di nghia
[3, 26-28] cho ifing "tiiu|t ngft hda til tfa&ig dya vdo mdi quan hf tuong ddng sd tgo ra n^fta
tfaudng thyc chit Ifi con dudng dftng pfadp tiiugt ngQ Mnfa tfadnh tiieo phdp in dy hda. Vf dy:


148

NG6NNGU'&B6I S6NG

N^ua cua cdnh ticm^ cdnh qudn, cdnh td cua
^ n g t r o n g / d r ^ r / n O ^ ' - C ^ kfai cd sy diuyln

di n^ua dya vao mdi quan bf tuong cgn sd tgo ra
n^ua tfaugt ngftfalnfathdnh tfaeo i ^ i ^ hoin dtf
fada. Vi dy: n^im ciia ddu ngudi trong binh quan
thu nh|p tfaeo ddu ngiedi,...
Kh qua kfafio sit thugt ngtt cfao tfaay trong hf
thraig thugt ngtt kfaoa hpc hinfa sy ti^ig V i ^ cd
214 tfaugt ngQ dupc tgo ra tfaeo ba hinh thdi ndy,
diilm 15,7 % tong sd tfaugt ngQ dupc kfafio sat
Tuong ung vdi ba Iiinfa tfafii chuyen di n g ^
tr£n, dd hmfa tfadnfa ba logi tfau^ ngQ kfaoa fapc
hlnh sy dupc tfaugt ngtt hda dudi day:
a. Thugt ngft fada tft tfadng tiiudng theo cddi
gift nguyen hlnh thai vd ngft n ^ m cfla tft ngtt
thdng tfaudng nfaung tfau faep i^igm vi hogt d ^ g
ciia chung. Hinh tiiii duiyen di kbdng din den
diuyln n^iia thuong g ^ d nhifaig tft tiiupc vdn
tft CO bfin. d hlnh thdi nay, ranh gjdi giiia ngliia
tfa&ig tfaudng vfi nghia tiiugt ngft triing nhau. 0
dfiy dll Ifi sy chuyen di phgm vi img dyng ciia
mdt n^ua cfta cac tft thraig tfaudng sang lihh vyc
diuyen mdn. Cfic thugt ngtt dupc hmfa thfinfa
tfaeo cficfa tiiiic nfiy Id: cum, cdng cudp, bdt
ngudi v.v.
b.Thugt ngftfadatft thdng thuemg tiieo hudng
tiiu h ^ nghia
Dd Id cic thugt ngft nhir chung at. hi$n
trudng ldi, vgtehung. dduvit, dn^...Cac thugt
ngtt khoa hpc hinfa sy Ideu ndy la nhihig tft ngft
tfiraig tiiudng trcmg ngdn ngft tofin dan dupc
tiiu|t ngft fada bfing cddi biln ddi flieo kilu tfau

h ^ y nghia dl tgo ra fliu$t ngtt kfaoa hpc hmfa
sy. Nhihig tfaugt ngft ndy tfaudng bieu dgt cdc sy
v§t, h i ^ tupng cy the, khdng mang tinh chit
fabtfi tupng va gid tii gpi cam. Vi dy:
CMng cit vdi n ^ i ^ thdng thudng Id "cdi
dupc dan ra dl Idm cfin cu xde djnh dini g^ dd Id
cd thgT 16, 249]. Chur^ cit vdi ngfaia thugt ngft
dupc djnfa n^Oa Id: nhQng sy vifc, sg k i ^ tM
lifu cd tii^t, dupc tiiu thgp tiieo trinh ty, thft tyc
do Bp lugt To tyng hinh sy quy ^nh md ca quan
dieu tra, vifn kion sat, tda fin diing Ifim cfin eft
de xfic djnh cd hay khdng cdfafinfavi phgm tpi,
ngudi tfayc hifn hfinh vi phgm tpi cung nfau cfic
tinh tilt khdc cin thi^ cbo vifc gjai quyet dung
dfin vy an" [12, 243]; Hi?n trudng vdi n^ua

S6l0(240>-201i

tiidng tiiudng Ifi "noi xdy ra sy vifc hay faogt
dpng ndo dd" [6, 546]. Hi4n trudng ttong khoa
hpc hhih sy dupc hilu Id "noi xdy ra, noiphit
hifn sy vifc mang tinfa Wnh sy" [10,25]; Ldi vdi
n ^ tiidng fliudng dupc failu la "dieu sai xdt,
kfamig nai k h ^ g [Aai trong cich cu xft, tixmg
hfinh ddng. [6, 719]. Ldi ttong khoa hpc htoh sy
(bipc hini Id "diu h^u thudc mdt chft quan ciia
tpi ph^m i^idn inh difl till dd lya chpn tfayc hifn
hfinh vi nguy hiem dio xd hpi.
M$t dieu dfing chu y Id, cdc tft thdng tfiudng
ndi trrai khi trd thfinh thu$t ngft, Ididng dil d6ng

vai trd Id cdc tfau$t ngQ Idioafapcfalnfasy dpc 1^
md diung cdn tfaam pR vdo cau tgo c ^ 1hu|t
n ^ khoa hpc hlnh sy vdi tu cich Ifi ylu td ciu
tgo tnmg trudng hpp thu$t ngtt Id tft g ^ ho§c
cym tft. ChhUi sy tham gja cfta chftng vdi tu
cdch Id ylu td ciu tgo dd gdp pbka tgo ra hfing
logt cfic fliu^ ngtt mdi. Vf dy: Chung cir dd fliam
gja vk) cau tgo nen cfic tfau$t ngtt nhu chiing cd
bupc tpi, chiing ctt di^n tit, chung cit ^ tpi,
chung at gde, ehdng at ngogi phgm, chting ed
trgc tiip.chung cugfdn tiep, ehiing eugid; Hi$n
fruDT^ tfaam gia ciu tgo nen cic thugt ngtt: A/^
truang chinh, hign truang gid, hi$n trudr^ph^i,
hi4n truang chgy, }n$n trudng nd, hi4n trudng
hiep dSm, hi$n truang sg cd ky thu^t, hi?n
truong tai ngn giao thdng, lugn truoTtg trdm c^P
£01 sdn.v.v. Ldi tham gja ciu tgo osn cdc tiiugt
ngft ldi dy, Idi vo y, loi suy dodn.
c. Thugt ngtt h<^ tft fli^g tfaudng theo hudng
md rpng n^ila: Khi khfio sit thugt ngtt khoa hpc
htoh sy diftng tdi thiy sd lupng tiiugt ngtt Aipc
tgo ra bfing jAuong tfaupc tfaugt ngtt hda tft tfadng
fliudng theo hudng md rdng n g ^ nhilu hon so
vdi sd lupng thugt ngft dupc tgo ra tiieo hudng
tfau fa^ ngjua. Vf dy.- dn m ^ dn ro, con dau
chim. con ddu ndi tgi phgm ^ vQ khi lank vS
khi ndng. vS Idti mem, v.v. Ddy Id cic tfau§l ngQ
dupc tiiugt ngtt hda t r ^ ca sd md rpng n^iia tft
n^iZa tii&ig tiiudng sang n^ila tiiugt ngQ tiieo
j^uong fliftc in dy hda -vk hofin dy hda. Cliung

Id cfic tiiugt ngtt Aipc tgo ra tijr nghia f^idi sinh
trdn ca sd n^iia gde, n ^ a ban diu cfta tiir ngtt
tii&ig thudng. Trong qud trinh phfit triln cua tii
nhilu n^ua, ngJua tfaugt ngft van c ^ ndm Igi
trong bf tiidng ^ n0im cua tii gde ban diu. VI


sd 10 (24Q)-2015

NG6N NGf & Bin S6NG

vfiy, ngfaTa cfla cic tfaugt ngft nay van cdn cd mdi
lien faf vdi mpt ^ n^Ta nfio dd cfla tft tfadng
tfaudng. Vl dy:
d ngfaTa tiidng tfaudng Ifi "cfao cd Idt vfi quay
rom rfic dl nfim faay dl de cfla mpt so lodi v§f'
[6, 935]. Nfaimg o tixmg d cudp, d cd bgc dupc
djnfa n^Ta Id "noi hpn tdi pfagm ty t|lp in ndu,
mdc noifaogtdpng" [12,911 ].
Rda ngfaTa tfadng tfaudng "dimg nude fao$c
cfait Idng kfafic Ifim cfao sgcfa". [6, 1039]. Nfaung
Rua trong tfaugt ngft rdxt tiin cd ngfaTa Id ' ^ y
sgcfa ddng tiln, qufi trinfa bien nfaihig dong tien
ban (tien tiiu dupc tft nfattng faogt ddng tat fapp
pfafip) tfadnh nhung ddng tien sgch (tien fapp
phip) [12, 1014]. Cd thl thay dupc yeu td tuong
ddng cfla cfaung la ldm sgch.
Md ngfaTa thdng tfaudng Ifi "yeu dt, kfadng rd,
khdng dfl sftc cfailu sing cic v^t xung quanfa" [6,
1014]. Mi'trong thu$t ngtt dn md cd ngfaTa Id'Vy

in dd xdy ra, cd diu hifu phgm tpi, nhimg chua
cd cfin eft xfic djnh dupe ngay ngirdi thyc hifn
hfinh vi phgm tdi." [12, 29]. Cd till nh^n tiiiy
ylu td tuong ddng cua cfaflng Ifi khong rd.
Neu nfau d cfic logi tft tfadng tfaudng dupc
fliu§t ngtt hda flieo hudng tiiu fa^p nghia, chflng
vfta trd tfafinfa tfaugt ngtt kfaoa hpcfalnhsy ddc l^p
viia ddng vai trd Ifi ylu to ciu tgo tfaugt ngft, thl
d logi thugt ngft fada thdng tiiudng tfaeo Iiudng
md r$ng nghTa hau nfau cfal ddng vai trd la ylu to
ciu tgo tfau|t ngtt. Tuy nfaidn, cfafnfa nfad cdc ylu
to cau tgo dupc tfai4t ngtt fada ndy dd gdp pfain
tgo ndnfadnglogt fliugt ngtt kfaoa hpcfalnfasy vd
cfaflng Id nfaihig tfaugt ngQ dl failu vd gin gui vdi
ngdn ngQ ddi sdngfafingngfiy.
Cfic tiiugt ngft dupcfahihtfafinfa tft sy md rpng
ngfaTa cfla cfic tft tfadng tfaudng cfailm ty If ldn
faon nhilu so vdi cic tfaugt ngft dupc falnh tfafinfa
flieo hirdng tiiu hep ngfaTa. Cd tfai ndu ifaem mpt
logt cdc tft tfadng tfaudng dupc fliugt ngQ fada
tiiam gia vfio ciu tgo nen cdcfliugtngtt kfaoa hpc
hinfa sy khac nhu: 6: d luu manh, d buon ldu, d
tiem chich; bdng: bdng cudp cd vH khi, bdr,^
budn Igu, bdng tpi phgm. bdng nhdm khung bd;
dudng ddy: dudng ddy sextour. dudng djy tpi
phgm, dudng ddy budn Igu, dudng day mua bdn
bdnggidv.v.

149

Nfau v|iy, bfing con dirdng kit fapp tii dd cd
rit nfailu tft tfadng tfaudng cd sdn tixmg ddi sdng
fadng ngfiy dd tiiam gia cau tgo nen cdc tiiugt ngtt
dk djnh danfa cdc sy vgt, khdi nifm mdi tixmg
thu|t ngtt kfaoafapcfalnfasy.
Thu- hai, ray mugn thu^ ngit ngudc ngodi
Vay mupn tfaugt ngft nude ngodi cung Ifi mpt
trong nfattng con dudng Ifim gia tdng so lupng
cfla cdc tfau$t ngtt kfaoa fapc hhih sy tilng Vift.
Theo cficfa failu pfad bien till vay mupn Id chuyin
tiiugt ngft nude ngofii vdo tieng Vift. [1, 309].
Trong qud trinh phat triln vd lfim pfaong pfaii,
gidu cd tiiem vdn thu§t ngtt cfta nude minh, vifc
vay mupn Id dilu khdng trinh kfadi. Nfad cd con
dudng ndy md cdc thugt ngft nude ngodi cd m^t
trong faf tfadng tfaugt ngft tieng Vift ngfiy cfing
nhilu. C:ic tfaugt ngft nay cd uu dilm Id cd ttnh
qudc tl cao vl m$t hinfa tfafii vd ngft nghTa.
1) Giit nguyen dgng: Sd lupng tiiugt ngft
kfaoa hpcfalnfasy dupc vay mupn tfaeo hlnh thftc
gift nguyen dgng khdng nhieu. Cfal cd 8 tfaugt
ngtt cfailm 0,58 %. Dd Id ADN vd hacker,
Interpol, aseanpol, cdc tfau|it ngtt trong luifa vyc
pfaong cfadng tpi phgm ma tfly.Vi dy: codeine.
methamphetamine, heroine, morphine. Thu^
ngtt ADN dupc vay mupn tft tilng Phfip (Acide
Desoxyribonucleique). Tfaugt ngtt hacker vd
Interpol, aseanpol. codeine, metheimphetamine.
heroine, morphine dupc vay mupn tft tilng Anfa.
2) Phiin dm: Phidn dm Id gjii Igi cdch pfadt

am cfla tilng nude ngoai bfing faf cfaft cM cfta
tilng Vift [2, 233]. Kfai pfaidn fim cfic tiiugt ngtt
nude ngofii, falnh tfaftc ciia cfaung cd tfai bi thay
ddi ft nhilu cho phu fapp vdi quy lu|it ngft dm
cfla tilng Vift C!ldc nfad nghien curu cho ring
cficfa pfaien Sm Ifi thfcfafappfaonso vdi dl nguydn
dgng vl c ^ tiiugt ngtt nude ngodi khi dupc vay
mupn, sft dyng vd nhgp vdo ngdn ngft bfin dja thl
chung cin phdi cd nhQng tfaay ddi tQy theo hf
tfadng cfaQ cfii vfi kit ciu ngft fim cua ngdn ngft
nudcdd.
Kit qud nghien cuu cho thiy chl cd 4 thu$t
ngft kfaoa fapc falnfa sy dupc tgo ra bfing con
dudng pfaien dm cfailm 0,29 %. Vf dy: bom.
phim, min. gen. Day la nhftng tfaugt ngft dd dupc
Vift fada.


150

NG6NNGg & Ddi SONG

Kfafio sfit tiiugt ngft kfaoa fapc hlnh sy tieng
Vift cfao tfaiy , cd kfafi nfailu tfaugt ngtt dupc vay
mupn dudi falnh thiic phidn am. Nhung dilu
nhln thiy rd nfait Ifi cfaftng dupc phidn fim tfaeo
nhilu cdch kfadc nfaau, kfadng cd sy thdng nhit
trong cich phidn fim. Tiigm chf, ngay trong mpt
giio trinfa cfta mpt tac gid cung cd cdcfa pfaidn fim
kfadng nhit qudn. Vf dy: virus.vi rut. vi rut. virut: offset: dpxet, dpset, dp-xit. op-xit, offset;

t)po^aphy: ti-pd, t}po. ti-pd.
Cd mdt sd tfaugt ngtt ton tgi song song dudi
falnfa tfaftc vfta phidn Sm, viia gjft nguydn dgng,
vfta sao phdng. Vf d\f:file: phai, file; e-mail: imeo, thudi^ntu.
3) Sao phdng. Sao phdng Id cich ciu tgo mft
ngft, mpt tft mdi hay mdt nghTa mdi cfla tft bfing
cich chuyen y nguyen mpt don vj ngdn ngft
ngogi tuong flng sang tieng m? dd [8,210]. "V§t
lifu mfi phuang p h ^ sao phdng sft dyng Ifi
nfaihig tft cua bfin tfadn ngdn ngft di vay, nfaung
cfic tft ndy lgi djch Igi gin nhu tftng chtt mdt cdi
nghia ciia cfic tft vay mupn. Tren ca sd nfaihig
quan faf sdn cd cfta tilng Vift, ngudi Vift Nam
tim cdcfa sao Igi ciu true nude ngodi dl tfai hifn
bfing mdt cich dien dgt mdi, mpt kfadi nifm mdi
md nd cfaua cd trong ngdn ngu" [5, 202]. Cd faai
phuang tfaftc sao pfadng Id sao phdng cau tgo tft
vd sao pfadng ngft ngfaTa. Sao phdng ciu tgo tft la
dflng cfait lifu tilng Vift dl tgo fliu|t ngQ dya
theo mau cau tgo cfta tfaugt ngft tilng nude ngodi
tuong ftng. Tfayc cfait cfla pfauong tfaftc nfiy Id
djcfa timg thanfa td ciu tgo thugt ngQ fao§c tiing
tft trong tfadnfa pfaan ciu tgo Ifault ngtt tieng nude
ngofii ra tieng Vift Sao phdng ngu ngfaTa Id
dflng tilng Vift cfauyln tdi y ngfaTa md tiiugt ngft
tilng nude ngodi mudn dien dgt kfai tilng Vift
kfadng cd tft ngft ndo cd y ngfaTa tuong duong vdi
tii nude ngodi cin djcfa. Ket qud khdo sit cfao
tiiiy cd 1100 tfaugt ngft dupc tgo ra tfaeo pfauong
tfauc sao phdng ciu tgo tii vd sao phdng ngQ

ngfaTa cfaiem 80,8%. vf dy:
direct reconnaissance: trinh sdt trgc tiip;
reconnaissance measure: bi4n phdp trinh sdt ;
Conexalment of cm offence: che gidu tpi phgm.
Tfau§t ngQ khoa fapc hinfa sy tilng Vift dupc
tgo ra bfing pfauong tfaftc sao phdng y ngfaTa
cfaiem ti If ft faon.Vf dy: outer reconnaissance:

s d 10 (240)-20l5.

trinh sdt ngogi tuyin; accessory gfier the fact:
ding phgm che chd; DNA fingerprinting: vdn
tay di truyin; police dog: chd nghidp vg
Bfin chat cua hai logi sao pfadng trdn ^ khdc
nhau. Sao phdng ciu tgo tii Id djcfa tiyc tilp tftng
ylu td ciu tgo tiiugt ngft ho$c tiing tii Uong
tfidnh pfain ciu tgo tfau§t ngtt tilng nude ngofii
sang tilng Vift tift sao phdng ngtt ngfaa ngudi
djcfa phdi tgo ra mdt tft ngtt kfadc Uong tilng Vift
de dien ^ ^ n^Ta tirong ftng vdi tieng nude
ngodi. Ddi vdi sao phdng ngft nghTa, kfadng cfal
ddifadinguW djcfa gidi ve tieng Vift md cdn ddi
fadi ngudi djch cd kiln tfaftc sfiu vl chuyen ngfinh
kfaoa hpc hinfa sy. Cd nfau v$y chftng ta mdi cd
dupc thugt ngft sao phdng vfta chinh xic vl npi
dung kfadi nifm, viia ngdn gpn ve hlnh thftc, bfio
ddm thih trong sing cfta tieng Vift Khi nghidn
cftu sfiu ve faf thdng thu$t ngft klioafapcfatohsy
tilng Vift, chflng tdi thiy van cdn tdn tgi nfailu
tiiu$t ngtt dupc djcfa theo ldi gifii tiifch khii

nifm. Dilu ndy Ifim eho thu^t ngtt thilu sy chfnh
xfic ve npi dung,falnfatfaiic ddi ddng, lung cung,
phd vd tfnfa bin vftng cua td hpp tiiu§t ngft. Vf
dy: btological evidence: chftng eft tfau tfa|^ dupc
qua gidm djnh sinh hpc. hearse^: Idi kha: tfaeo
Idi ngudi khdc. artifact: vgt tim dupc trdn xfic
chit dl iifa§n difn danfa tinh ngudi chit trace
evidence: cfaftng eft do cdc vgt tfai dl Igi faifn
tiudng hay tren ngudi ngn nfafin.
4) Ghip lai: Ghdp lai cimg Ifi mdt con dudng
falnfa thdnh tfaugt ngft khoa fapc fatofa sy tilng
Vift. Dfiy Id con dudng falnfa tiifinh thugt ngtt
tix)ng dd "mpt pfain fainh thufc la bfin ngtt, mpt
pfain Ifi mupn, nhung y nghia Ifi faofin todn
mupn" [2,234]. V lfalnfatfaftc ngdn ngtt, g l ^ Iai
Ifi con dudng tgo tfaugt ngtt mdi bdng vifc sft
dyng cfait lifu tilng Vift kit fapp vdi sft dyng
chit lifu tieng nude ngofii cd the dd phidn fim
hay jiguydn dgng. Gfadp lai dupc sft dyng kfai
tixmg ti^g Vift cfaua tlm dupc diy dfl ylu td
tiiugt ngtt tuong duong dl djcfa cdc khfii nifm,
faifn tupng. sy v$t,... cua tilng nude ngodi mpt
cfich chfnh xic ho$c Id cfic thu|t ngft nude ngodi
kfai dupc djch sang tilng Vift Id nhQng cym tii
dfiifao$cgifii thfch khfii nifm.
Cd 34 tfaugt ngtt kfaoafapcfatofasy dupc tgo ra
bfing con dudng gfadp lai chilm ti If 2,50 %. Vf


sd 10 (240)-2015

NG6N NGf & Bin

dy; gidm dfnh gen, in dpxet, in tipd, tdng thu
ADN tpi phgm. virut mdy tinh, the ATM gid.
gidm dfnh ADN, file dm thanh, phdt tdn chuang
truth virut tin hpe, budn bdn quota, bom h^n
gid. bom thdng minh, bom thu.bom xdng bom
lua. dgt min, quay phim hinh su, hinh dnh
video, camera mduv.v...
Gfadp Iai dd Idm gia tdng cdc tfaugt ngQ kfaoa
hpcfalitfisy tieng Vift. Dfiy Id con dudng td ra
cd faifu qud ddi vdi cdc tfaugt ngQ kfaoa hpc
tilng Vift nlu diing cdc con dudng vay mupn
khic nhu pfaidn am, sao pfadng,.. .nfaung lgi lam
cfao nhihig tfaugt ngtt nay khdng rd nghTa fao§c
dfii ddng, thudng rai vdo tinh trgng gidi thfcfa
tfiu|t ngQ han Id djnh danfa tfaugt ngQ.
Thit ba, viit tit
Ngofii nhttng con dudng falnfa tfadnh thu§t
ngtt kfaoafapcfainfasy tilng Vift dupe Utofa bdy
d ti^n cfaflng tdi cdn tfaiy thu|t ngft d dgng viet
tfit.
Cd hai hlnh tfaftc d dgng viet tdt:
a. Dgng vilt tdt nguyen cym tft bdng cdc cfaft
cfii, vi dy: BLHS: Bp lugt hinh sg; CQCSDT:
Ca quern cdnh sdt diiu tra; DTV: Diiu tra vien.
b. Dgng vilt tdt hon hpp, dgng vilt tdt xen
k5 vdi viet diy dfl. Vf dy; qudn li TTATGT
(quan ly tr§t ty an todn giao thdng), trung tdm

gidm sdt ATGT (trung tam gifim sdt an tofin
giao thdng).
Vdi tdc dp phdt triln cfla xfi hpi, sd lupng
tiiugt ngQ ngdy cdng nhilu, d$c bift la cic tiiu|it
ngQ ddi gdm nhilu ylu td ciu tgo thu$t ngtt de
djnh danh kfafii nifm vd hifn tupng mdi, do dd
dgng vilt tdt dupc sft dyng nhilu ban dgng day
diitixmgcic gido trinh, sich cfauyen kfafio. Dieu
nfiy cung pfaft fapp vdi tieu chuin cfla tfaugt ngft
Ifi pfadi ngfin gpn.
Thittu,sihi$u
Mpt con dudng fainfa tiifinh tfaugt ngtt kfaoa
fapc hinfa sy tieng Vift kfafi d$c tfau Ifi ciu tgo
bing cfic sd hifu, vf dy: C45 (cyc dieu tra tfi
phgm ve tt^t ty xfi fadi); C46 (cyc cfinfa sfit dieu
tra tpi pfagm vl ti-gt ty qufin If kinh l l vfi chftc
vy); C47 (cyc cartfi sdt dilu tra tpi phgm vl ma
tfly), v.v. Dilu nfiy cd the li gifii ring khoa hpi
dieu tra tpi phgm Id mpt ngfinh kfaoafapcbf mgt,
cic bifn phdp dieu tra, cic bifn pfadp tiinfa sdt,

S6NG

151

cdc cfai dan vl sft dyng phuong tifn ki thugt vd
tiift tiiu§t chien tfauilt tfau tiigp vd nghidn cftu
cfaftng eft Id bf m§t trong Iyc lupng Cdng an
nhfin dan.
3. Tdm Igi, tfaugt ngft khoa hpcfalnhsy tilng

Vift dupcfalnfatiifinfatfaeo 4 con dudng khic
nhau dd Ifi 1) Tfaugt ngtt hda tii ngft tiidng
tiiudng (cfailm 15,7%). 2) Vay mupn tiiu|t ngtt
nude ngodi: gift nguyen dgng (0,58 %); phidn
dm (0,29 %); gfadp lai (2,5 %); sao pfadng (80,8
%). 3) Viet tfit. 4) Dung so hifu de djnfa danfa
cdc ten gpi cfla cdc td chftc tixing Iyc lupng
Cdng an. Trong so cic con dudng tren, tfai sao
pfadng Id con dudng chu dgo trong vifc xfiy
dyng vfi Ifim gidu hf tiiugt ngtt khoafapcfainfa
sy tieng Vift.
T A I L I | : U THAM KIlAO
1. Nguyen Thifn Gidp, Tir vgng hpc tieng
Kie^NxbGD. 1998.
2. Nguyin Thifn Giap, Gido trinh ngdn
ngfi hpc, Nxb DHQG Hd Npi, 2008.
3. Hodng Vfin Hanh. Ve sg hinh thdnh vd
phdt trien cita thugt ngft tiing Vi4t, T/c Ngdn
ngft, sd 4,1983.
4. Hd Quang Nfing (chu bien). Sg phdt
trien cua tie vgng tiing Vi0t nua sau the ki 20,
Nxb KHKT, H.2010.
5. Phan Ngpc vfi Phgm Dftc Duong, Tiep
xiic ngdn ngft & Dong Nam A. Vifn Ddng Nam
A. H. 1983.
6. Hodng Phe (chfl bidn), Tie diin tiing
Vi^t. Nxb. Dd nfing, 2006.
7. Le Quang Thidm, Tdng nghta vd kiiu
nghia chiic ndng tir vgng. Ngdn ngft. sd 3,2006.
8. Nguyin Nhu Y (chfl bien), Tu dien gidi

thich thugt ngtt ngon ngit hgc. Nxb GD, 1996.
9. Ngyen Xuan Ydm (tdng chii bidn), Khoa
hpe hlnh sg Vi$t Nam. Nxb CAND, 2013. Tgp 2.
10. Nguyen Xufin Ydm (tdng cfafl bien),
Khoa hpc hinh sg Viit Nam. Nxb CAND, 2013.
Tgp 3.
11. Sager, J.C, A practical course in
terminology processing, John Benjamins
publishing company, Amsterdam/ Philadelphia,
1990.
12. TIT dien Bdch khoa Cong an Nhdn ddn.
Nxb CAND.H. 2005.
13. Tir diin lugt hpc. Nxb Tu phfip.H. 2006.