Những yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự lựa chọn cửa hàng thức ăn nhanh của sinh viên trường đại học sư phạm kỹ thuật tp hồ chí minh

 

LÞ
NVA U ĝG ^G
    B@HG
   
̡
^\ƧƭOB ĝ@ KA QƧ ]KJ DP ^KÌ
   
   ^̡ ^].K AK J@OK
DKG D@OK ^Ã


JÞO3 ]KƧOB ]KH] OBK@O A
ĝÃ ^H@ 3 OKOB Ã ^ OK KƧOB ĝÃO Q I AKO A KOB
^KA ČO OKOK A Q@OK U@O ^\ƧƭOB ĝ@ KA QƧ ]KJ DP
^KÌ
   ^̡ ^]. K AK J@OK
   
BUKN3 OBO ^K ^KOK UÌO
Q@OK U@O ^KA K@
   O̡ 3
   
8. Obu
Obuyão
yão ^k` Obga
Obga J
J <=8<5
<=8<586=
86=
<. L Kỵ Khob

Khob Obỡo
Obỡo <=8<58
<=8<586<
6<
1. Obu
Obuyóo
yóo ^k` Obga
Obga Xy
Xy <=8<58
<=8<5821
21
>. Ob
Obuy
uyão
ão ^k`
^k` Jy <=
<=8<
8<58
58>;
>;

^]. K AK J@@OK - 6/<=<8




LOB ]KèO AịOB AịOB U@
A

Okgj3 86

Kbuvyho^ó^ok Oba J
8Q^^ O

Aỵob vk`ópa oỵ` nuob, xỡy K
Dthoqu tkhok
^

tt

nob aob, iỡp d 8==%
<

L` K Khob Obìo

kak obk`ão au
Iƽ ak
ako Ę
Ę th
th` oobbk`ão Kho

tkhok

tt

Obuyo ^k Oba Xy

 pkp obk`ão au
[a Ęok aìu k`, b` Kho

tkhok

tt

Obuyo ^k Jy

tkuyt obk`ão au
8==%
[a Ęok i tkuyãt oo, Kho

tkhok

tt

au,
a
u, x
xaa Ęok
Ęok pk
pkob
ob 8==%
1
>

dk` o`ã  j̡ aa yu t

8==%

Okì
   o̡ xft vh akj Ęj a bob vo
   

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………


 

JVA IVA

AKƧOB 83 ^OB XO U OBK@O A ..........................................................................8
8.8
I n
n aak
kgo vvo Ę
Ę o
obbko
o aaƽ
ƽu........................................................................................8
8.<

Ja Ęak obko aƽu.......................................................................................................8

8.1

]kƨob p
pk
kp o
obbko aaƽ
ƽu................................................................................................<

8.>

ĝ t
tob
ob vh pk
kj
j vv o
obk
bk
o
o aƽ
aƽu
u...................................................................................<

8.6

Dt au a lh................................................................................................................<

AKƧOB <3 A Q I ^KÃ^ OBK@O A / B@@ ^K@
      ̡ AKOB...........................1
<.8 I tkuyt oo vh dk o   

   j̡ lo..........................................................................................1
<.< ^ob quo aa obko aƽu tra..........................................................................................6
<.1 Kok tkhok j kok obko aƽu vh Ę tob dk st.......
..............
..............
.....................................8>
..............................8>
<.1.8 Kok tkhok j kok obko aƽu..................................................................................8>
<.1.< ĝ tob dk st
st........................................................................................................85
AKƧOB 13 ^K@Ã^ DÃ OBK@O A...................................................................................82
1.8 Xuy trok obko aƽu..........................................................................................................82
1.8.8 [a Ę`ok Ę th obko aƽu...........................................................................................82
1.8.< [a Ę`ok aìu k, b tkuyt vh pkƨob pkp obko aƽu.........................................82
1.8.1 [ìy nob Ę aƨob vh iì   
   p̡ d kak obko aƽu........................................................82
1.8.> Ut l a dt qu obko aƽu ..................................................................................8;
1.< Q kok tkhok tkob Ę aa dk o   
   j̡ trob j kok obko aƽu..................................8;
^@ I@
      ̡ ^KJ DKG................................................................................................................
]KV IVA...........................................................................................................................................


 

AKƧOB 83 ^OB XO U OBK@O A
8.8 I
Ępkt
 obko

obk
o aƽu
[á n
kỐ`akgo
obhy vo
ahobĘ
tr`ềo,
ja sob aỢ obỚ` nìo obhy
ob hy ahob a, okp sob aỢ
ao obỚ` aŠob tāob ião. Ag vf <> b` ` v` jỵt ob` ih qu t, vộ tk oku aẢu v
tkỚ` b`o obhy ahob Ęƨa ak trob , nẤo Ęo v`Ểa r ĘỚ` vh pkt tr`ềo aỢ tka o
okok. Obhy oy tka o okok dkỵob ak ih tk k`u jh ẵo ih oku aẢu io aỢ obỚ`
nìo tkhok tk, ĘẲa l`Ểt ih okủob obỚ` ihj vāo pküob , ko kt ih aa lo ka s`ok,
s`ok v`ão. K ao l suob jỵt l o tob ` y ĘỢ n`ok nob, vé tk k iƽ ako
Ęo aa aỪ khob Ęề tkỗob tka aa jgo āo ak l`o sẶo, ag tkề job Ę`, t`t d`ã  
d`ã  j̡
tkỚ` b`o vh b` a kƨp i. Qƽ xuẦt k`Ểo aỢ aa tkob k`Ểu tka āo okok ok DEA,
]pys, ^xs, Ittr`, ]`zz Kut,… ỗ aa truob tìj, aa tkhok pk obhy ahob
ok`u.Uì    y̡ aa lo s`ok v`ão trỚob ĝ` ka Q ]kj D ^kuì  t ̡ tkhok pk K Ak
J`ok
ag tka
okob
ohquok7
dk` i ako jỵt jgo tka o
okok ỏ
oht`o
gtob
t` vỵ vh
vhotkob
a khob

o t`óu
okokakxuob
quok7
U`t Oj v` nỡo s ko 0= tr`Ểu nìo, trob Ęg 56% ih nìo s trf ỗ ĘỐ tu` n`
16 vh dkob 0=% obỚ` t`ãu nob ak ag tkg` quo nob tka āo okok. N Ęg, tk
trỚob tka āo okok ỗ U`Ểt Oj Ęob Ęƨa aa okh ĘẢu t Ęok b` ih jỐt tk trỚob
ĘẢy t`j oāob Ęề pkt tr`ềo.
Aok trok b`ủ aa tkob k`Ểu tka āo okok t` tk trỚob U`Ểt Oj vẤo Ęob
n`o r by bầt. ^rob dk` tk trỚob tka āo okok qua t tāob trỗob ỗ ja 6% 2% trob vüob 8= oāj qu tké ja tāob trỗob ỗ U`Ểt Oj ih 86% - <=%. ^khok pk
K Ak J`ok ih tkhok pk ^ra ^kuỵa ^ruob ob. ^ob nỡo s a tkhok pk ỵob
okt a
oa,
ag iob
okobs`ok
quỡo,
kuyó
ag t
nỡo
rtỵob
vhtrob
bp okobpk
tok
nỡoa
s
tkp.
Khob
oj,
v`óo
ono

v ióỡy
ok`u,
^k
ih o` b` ih Ihob ` Ka v` vỵ s trob jh s`ok v`ão u ` iƽ ako.Ué vẪy, Ęìy ih
jỐt tk trỚob kẦp nẤo Ęề pkt tr`ềo aa okh khob tka āo okok.
N Ęg, okgj j Ęá iƽ ako Ę th` ’Obk`
’Obk`ão
ão au okủob yu t ok kỗob Ęo sƽ
iƽ ako aỪ khob tka āo okok aỢ s`ok v`ão trỚob ĝ` ka Q ]kj D ^kuì  t ̡
tkhok pk K Ak Jok ihj th` obk`óo au ak jỵo ka ]kob ]kp Obk`ão
Au
8.< Ja Ę
Ęak
ak obko
obko aƽu
ĝ th` okầj Ęo jỐt s jỦa t`ãu obk`ão au su3


8



- Jỵ t, pkỡo tak aa okỡo t ok kob Ęo v`Ểa r quyt Ęok iƽ ako okh khob
tka āo okok aỢ s`ok v`ão ^rỚob ĝ` ka Q ]kj D ^kuỡt vh aa jỵ kộok obk`óo
au v vo ohy.
- [a Ęok ja ĘỐ ok kỗob aỢ aa okìo t Ęo v`Ểa r quyt Ęok iƽ ako okh
khob tka āo okok aỢ s`ok v`ão ^rỚob ĝ` ka Q ]kj D ^kuì  t ̡
- Dt iuẪo okủob okìo t ta ĘỐob akok o quyt ok i ako vh tkỵob qu g Ę
r jỐt s khj  ak aa nok obk`Ểp ihj a sỗ xìy nƽob b`` pkp
8.1 ]kƨ

]kƨob
ob pkp obk
obko
o aƽu
Xuy trộok obk`óo au tkỵob qu < la3
- Obk`óo au s l3 Q nob pkỡo tak ok tok. ^kỵob qu obk`óo au i tkuyt vh
aa jỵ kộok ỏ ag, tk iuo okgj xỡy nob jỵ kộok obk`óo au vh tkob Ę akok
tka.
- Obk`ão au akok tka3 QỪ nỦob pkob pkp ok iob, tkỵob qu lob aỡu
k`Ovh s nob pko jj Q]QQ Ęề pkìo tak aa okìo t ok kỗob Ęo quyt Ęok
iƽ ako okh khob tka āo okok.
8.> ĝ t
tob
ob vh pkj v obko
obko aƽu
g
ĝ tob obko aƽu3
aƽu3 Aa yu t ok kỗob Ęo sƽ iƽ ako aỪ khob tka āo
okok aỢ s`ok v`ão ^rỚob ĝ` ka Q ]kj D ^kuì  t.̡
g
]kj v` obko aƽu3
aƽu3 ĝ th` Ęƨa b`` ko trob pkj v` obk`ão au ih t` tk
trỚob ^khok pk K Ak J`ok. ^kỚ` b`o tkƽa k`ã  o̡ Ę th` obk`ão au ohy ih
trob vüob 8< tkob.
8.6 gDtAkob
au a
a83l
lh
h quo v obk`ão au.
^ob

g
Akob <3 A sỗ i tkuyt obk`ão au / b`` tk`ã  u̡ akuob.
g
Akob 13 ^k`t d obk`ão au.


<

 

AKƧOB <3 A Q I ^KÃ^ OBK@O A / B@@ ^K@
      ̡ AKOB
<.8 I tkuyt oo vh dk o   
   j̡ lo
 Khok v` au obƽƨ` t`ã
t`ã nob 
^k Dtir & rjstrob (<=8>), khok v` aỢ obỚ` t`ãu nob Ę aẪp Ęo khok v` ju
aỢ obỚ` nob au` - aa a okìo vhkỐ b` Ęéok ju khob kg vh nak vỦ Ęề t`ãu nob
a okìo. ^rob dk` Ęg, tk ^`p tk J K`Ểp kỐ`, khok v` t`ãu nob ih sƽ tob ta
b`ủ aa dak tkak a jỵ` trob v` oko tka vh khok v` a ao obỚ`tky Ę`
auỐa sob aỢ k. Og` aak dka, khok v` aỢ obỚ` t`ãu nob l bj okủob suy obkĠ 
vh aj xa jh j` obỚ` ag vhkhok ĘỐob jh k tkƽa k`Ểo trob qu tréok t`ãu nob.
Aa yu t ok  d`o tỤ okủob obỚ` t`ãu nob dka, quob a, b` a tkỵob t`o, l
lộ, kộok tka lóo obh` so pkẠj… ag tkề ok kỗob Ęo aj xa, suy obkĠ vh khok
v` aỢ dkak khob.
Xyt Ę`ok j
^k ]rsn vh Ck (<=8>)3 U`Ểa r quyt Ęok aỢ obỚ` t`ãu nob ag tkề Ęƨa Ęok
obkĠ ih jỐt qu tréok tku tkẪp vh x i tkỵob t`o, ok b`, i ako pkob o tt
okẦt Ęề ag tkề b`` quyt jỐt vẦo Ę ky tkƽa k`Ểo jỐt sƽ iƽ ako ju.
Aèa y tỘ ạok kƽỗob Ęo khok v` au obƽƨ` t`ã nob 

^k Dtir & rjstrob (<=8>), aa yu t ok kỗob Ęo khok v` aỢ obỚ` t`ãu
nob l bj Uāo kg (l bj Uāo kg, Aa okok vāo kg, ^Ảob ip xá kỐ`), [á
kỐ` (Okgj vh Job xá kỐ`, B` Ęéok, U` trü vh Ę v), A okìo (^u` vh b`` Ęo
aỢ aku dự sob, Obk obk`Ểp, ^éok kéok d`ok t, I` sob, ^ok aak vh Lo obá),
^ìj i (ĝỐob iƽa, OkẪo tka, Ka tẪp, O`j t`o vh tk` ĘỐ), ^`p tk kỒo kƨp (Xuob
a, B` a, Dãok pkìo pk`)
Q t`ã    o̡ i`
^k R`dt`oory tké s t`óo i` ag obk dk` t khok ỵob
jỵt a` bộ g, ka jỵt s
v`óa xy r jỵt aa n nhob vh j i` i` ak k`ã  u̡ qu. L a tỤ O`iso
tỤ O`iso v
 v Qƽ ^`Ểo
Iƨ`, dkj pk okủob oku aẢu t`ãu nob Ęob tky Ę` trão tho aẢu, ihj o` lẪt oku
aẢu obhy ahob tāob v sƽ t`Ểo iƨ` t` aa tk trỚob trão tho tk b``. Ko jỐt pkẢo t
obỚ` t`ãu nob tho aẢu ak l`t k téj d`j so pkẠj b`p auỐa sob aỢ k n
nhob ko (<2%) vh tkuẪo t`Ểo Ęề sỪ nỦob (<5%), trob dk` dkob 8/6 obỚ` t`ãu nob
Ęob téj d`j aa so pkẠj pk kƨp ak kỐ b` Ęéok ok (<=%) vh Ęƨa Ę`u akỀok
tk oku aẢu aỦ tkề (80%). ObỚ` t`ãu nob trão tho tk b`` ag jỐt xu kob akuob
ih iuỵo tộj o okob b`` pkp t`o i` okt tk jáo oku aẢu ak jéok. K Ęob


1

 

ag xu kob ihj Ęo b`o k auỐa sob tk tỤob obhy, v` i` sob aỢ ao obỚ`
k`Ểo Ę` aỐob tkãj vh Ęg auỐa sob pkt tr`ềo ihj ao obỚ` trỗ oão lẪo rỐo, tké Ę`u
Ęg ahob trỗ tkhok vẦo vỵ aob dko tk`t. Uộ vy ob` t`óu nob job juo dk
oāob
dtquyt

o` a
ko
b`ủ
aaaỢ
sok.
pkẠj, nak vỦ v` oku t aj b`a sƽ t`Ểo iƨ` vh
nẤo Ęo
Ęok
ju
khob
^kƽob k`ã    ̡
^k Uun`b`ti tké tkob k`óu ih ih aak tka
tka jh jt aỵob ty, t aka kẲa
kẲa a okìo
t ỗo vh Ęƨa aj okẪo kủu kộok ka vỵ kộok l` okob ob` ỏ tr` obk`j og.
^kob k`u dkỵob ak o b`o ak ih jt a` tão, jỐt aìu dkẠu k`Ểu, jỐt l`ều tƨob,
tkob k`Ểu ih sƽ aj okẪo, okẪo l`t so pkẠj kẲa nak vỦ jh nok obk`Ểp dk`
bƨ` ião. Dk` Ęg tkob k`Ểu k`Ểo kủu trob tìj tr aỢ tẦt a okủob obỚ` Ęá tr`
obk`Ểj og l bj3 ĘỐ` obŠ okìo v`ão, okh ĘẢu t, ob` ihj truyo tkỵob vh ko
tróo kt g akok ih dkak khob. Og` aak Ęo b`o vh obầo bo, tkob k`ã  u̡ akok ih
okì  o̡ tka
B`è aạ
^k R`d`pn` tké b` a ih l`ều k`Ểo lẸob t`o
t`o aỢ
 aỢ b` tr
tr khob
 khob k, obkĠ ih s iƨob
t`o pk` tr ak khob k Ęg. U obkĠ rỐob Ęg ih s t`o pk` tr ak jỐt khob k,
jỐt nak vỦ, ky jỐt th` so oh Ęg. B` a aỢ khob k og` akuob ih Ę` iƨob tky
Ę` xy quok b` tr

tr.. Dk` auob vh
auob vh aẢu aỢ
aẢu aỢ jỐt ky jỐt i` khob kg
kg v
 v a lo āo
dkp v` oku tké b` a pko ok vh pk kƨp v` b` tr aỢ khob k Ęg, trỚob kƨp
ohy t dk` xy r. B` a aỢ khob k sẺ a ko b` tr aỢ khob k ou s iƨob
auob tkẦp ko aẢu. Obƨa i`, ou auob vƨt aẢu tké b` a sẺ tkẦp ko b` tr aỢ khob
k Ęg.
Qạo pkìj
^k @oluonjrdt`ob tké Qo pkẠj tk quo Ę`ềj jrdt`ob ih tẦt a okủob bé
Ęƨa akh lo (tku kt sƽ ak  vh ju sầj aỢ dkak khob) trão tkob trỚob v`
ag dk oāob tk jáo Ęƨa oku aẢu ky job juo dkak khob. AẦu tkhok oóo jt
so pkj kho akok iuỵo l bj a okob yu t vẪt akẦt vh aa yu t pk` vẪt akẦt.
 Obk`ão au aa yu t Ęg, obỚ` t ag tkề tkẦy, og Ęƨa ak` ihj 1 aẦp ĘỐ, jỒ` aẦp ĘỐ
ag v` trü vh aka oāob jrdt`ob dka oku.
U tr a khob 
U tr aỪ khob ih akỒ, o`, Ę Ę`ềj xa Ęok ih o` aỪ khob aẢo téj, aẢo l`t tkỵob
t`o v tr i.


>



Dkỵob b`o a khob
^k U`ojl`z dkỵob b`o a khob ih v tr aỢ okìo v`ão lo khob vh quẢy tku obỡo,
ok`t tob tk trob dkỵob b`o, j` kob ka kob i`u a s nob dak
tkak vh iỵ` d ob` ju khob, v tr a tkỵob t`o b` a kẲa aa lob akỀ nẤo dka,
ìj oka Ęề truyo aj kob, t aj b`a ãj nu kẲa dkuẦy ĘỐob, Ę trob tr `

n`o ak tkob k`u.
^kố` ỵpka
v au oko v`óo

^k ^uyonuob.nobkk`tr`u tké tk` ĘỐ pkỦa vỦ aỢ okìo v`ão lo khob Ęƨa xj
ih jỐt trob okủob aìu akuyỂo Ęob Ęƨa lho Ęo. Lỗ` Ęìy ih jỐt trob okủob yu t
quyt Ęok Ęo dt qu lo khob. Aob Ę`ềj qu okủob `u oóo vh dkỵob oóo dk` og`
v vo quo trob ohy. ^k` a ob` lo khob vỵ aob quo trob, lỗ` v`
dkak khob Ę`u k aẢo akok ih s tỵo trob. Okob a ak, tk` trob lo khob sẺ
Ęƨa bk` okẪo, pko ok, ihj oỂo tk`Ểo aj b`p dkak khob iu ok kéok ok aỢ
 lo, vh sẺ bkà i` iẢo su. Akok okủob Ę`u ohy Ęá vh Ęob ihj oão pkob aak lo
khob vh quyt Ęok nok s a aỵob ty.
Nak v dkốak khob
^k Arjv`t nak v dkak 
dkak ih j` sƽ tob ta v` dkak khob aỢ lo ỗ tra, trob
vh su lo khob. JỐt dkak khob tr` obk`Ểj nak vỦ dkak khob tt obkĠ ih lo auob
aẦp nak vỦ dkak khob ĘỢ tt vh nak vỦ Ęg Ęá kho tho Ęp ob Ęƨa dự vob aỢ
dkak khob.
Uã     s`ok
̡
ig ỵob

^k Obokobpkpiut v s`ok i ob ih aa l`o pkp l j jỵ` trob ihj
v`a, l v tok job, sa dk ak ob` i ob vh b` v s`ok jỵ` trỚob akuob.
UỂ s`ok i ĘỐob ih jỐt oỐ` nuob quo trob trob pkp iuẪt i ĘỐob aỢ ok`u qua
b`.
<.< ^ob quo aa obko aƽu tra
^o ta b, oāj
Ja tu obko aƽu
 Obuyo J`ok KuỂ

(<=82)

]kìo t
]kìo
tak
ak a
aaa okìo
okìo t
ok kỗob Ęo sƽ iƽ
ako aỢ khob tka āo
okok ^khok pk ^k`

]kƨob pkp
obko aƽu
]ko
kobb pkp
pkp
d`ềj
Ęok
arolak‐s
ipk

Dt qu obko
aƽu
Ag ; okìo t
akok ok kỗob
3 tkƽa pkẠj ,v
s`ok, dkỵob b`o

Obuyóo

]ko
kob
b pkp
pk
p okh
pkỡo
tak
okỡo
khob,dkuyóo


6

 

t dkj pk já`,tkob k`Ểu
FE
,Ę
,Ę
 Ę`ềj
Ę`ềj,o
,okì
kìoo
]ko
kobb pkp
pkp v`ão,tr` obk`Ểj
 pkìo
qu` tak k` ,b` a
kobb pkp

pkp  Obk`ão au Ęá
J`ss
J`
ss ]tt
]ttr
rp
pr
roo ĝ`u tr tk` ĘỐ aỢ ]ko
akỀ r 1 okgj
C`roydui
ob
bỚ`
Ớ` t`ãu nob
nob ^k`
k` Ęok iƨob
yu t akok ok
J`ss
`ss Ak`t
Ak`trrp
pro Io
kỗob Ęo quyt
Pdsvn (<=88)
kob t` Okh khob
Ęok iƽ ako
Nak
N
ak vỦ Ok
Oko
okk (XQ\
(XQ\))

okhh khob
ok
khob tk
kaa
v sƽ iƽ ako aỢ obỚ`
āo okok ỗ ^k`
t`ãu nob ^k` Io vh
Io
bj
jrdt`ob
yu t t`p tk quo
j`x (so pkẠj,
trob okẦt
b`,
b`
pk
pk
pk`
dk,uypkìo
o ìo j
á`,
`),,
okgj yu t xá
kỐ` vh okgj yu
t a okìo
^rẢo ^k ^k` Jỵ t, pkỡo t
taak aa Obk`óo
au Xu
Xuy
ytt ok

ok i
i
(<=85)
okỡo t ok kỗob Ęo Ęok
tok ako
ako ok
okhh khob
khob
v`Ểa r quyt Ęok iƽ ^k
iuẪo tka
āo
ako okh khob tka āo okgj tẪp truob okok t` tkhok
ok
kok
ok aỢ obỚ
obỚ`` t`ãu
t`ãu  Obk`ão
au  pk ĝh Oob
nob vh aa jỵ kộok ok
iob aku ok kob
obk
bk`ó
`óoo au
au v vẦ
vẦoo Ę
ohy.
- [a Ęok ja ĘỐ ok
kỗob aỢ aa okìo t
Ęo v`Ểa r quyt Ęok
iƽ ako okh khob tka

āo okok aỢ obỚ` t`ãu
nob.
- Dt iuẪo okủob okìo t
ta ĘỐob akok Ęo quyt

- Dk st
dkak
khob
- Já kg, okẪp
i`Ểu
- Ihj sak n
i`u
- ^kob dó jỵ
t
- Aro
Arollaks
aks
ipk

a 6 okỡo t ih3
Q t`o iƨ`,
B` a, ^k` ĘỐ
vh pko
pkobb aa
aak
 pkỦa
vỦ,
^kob k`Ểu,
AkẦt
Ak

Ầt iƨo
iƨobb so
so
 pkẠj. ^rob g,
ag > yu t ok
kob
tkuo

ak
oo
k vh tk
-ok
ỡo dkj
ak ak`u
ako
tkỵo
ỵobb qu
qu iĘg
Ęok Ęo quyt
okìo
ìo]kt
dktj


5

 

iƽ ako okh
Ę r jỐt s khj  ak  pk

a
aaa no
nokk obk`
obk`Ểp
Ểp ihj
ihj - ]kìo tak k` khob tka āo
okok ih sƽ t`Ểo
a sỗ xìy nƽob b`` quy
 pkp.

jr \cput vh  Obk`ão au ohy okẸj
\c Sk`l Bke xa Ęok j` i`ão kỂ tak
(<=<=)
aƽa b`ủ akẦt iƨob tkƽa
 pkẠj, akẦt iƨob nak
vỦ okh khob, akt iob
jỵ` trob vt akt vh
s kh` iỹob a dkak
khob v`  Ęok quy i`
aỢ dkak khob t` aa
okh khob tka āo okok

iƨ`, tk`
k` ĘỐ vh
- Aa pkìo tak iƨ`
 pkob
aak
dka
 pkỦa vỦ, tkob
k`Ểu, akẦt iƨob

so pkẠj. Uh
yu t b` a ag
ok
kỗob
obƨa
ak`u ião quyt
Ęok iƽ ako
]ko
kobb pkp
pkp
obk`ão au 3
ĝok iƨob
^kỚ` b`o dk
st 3 <=<=
ĝ Ę`ềj dk
st3 dk st
trƽa tuyo
ĝ`
tƨob
dk
dk
 st3
st3 >1
>111
dkak khob a
aa
aa ok
okhh khob
khob
tka o okok

Jỵ
kộok
pkob trộok
au tra3 QFJ]IQ
trob
QJ\^ ]IQ 1

okh
[a khob.
Ęok j`
quo kỂ b`ủ aa
yu t aỢ okh
khob tka o
okok
(akt
iob
tka
pkj,
akt
io
iobb pka
pka v
okh khob vh akt
iob
jỵ`
trob vt akt),
s kh` iỹob
dkak
khob,
truyo j`Ểob vh

 Ęok quy i`
okok akgob
okh khob āo
uob
u
ob aŠob
aŠob ok
ok
iƽ ako aỪ
khob tka āo
okok aỢ obỚ`


2

 

t`ãu nob
Qlduo
Qktu (<=<8)

Okr   Obk`ão au ohy tẪp ]ko
kobb
truob vh
a
aaa y
yuu t o
okk kỗo
kỗobb
Ęo v`Ể

v`Ểa iƽ ak
ako
o aỪ
aỪ
kh
khob
ob tk
tka
a āo ok
oko
okk jh
obỚ` t`ãu nob iu 
dk` iƽ ako

Dtt qu
qu obk`
obk`ão
ão
pkp
pkp D

obk`ão au 3
ĝok iƨob
^kỚ`
b`o3
<=<8
ĝ Ę`ềj dk
st3 dk st
trƽa tuyo
ĝ`

tƨob
dk st 3
obỚ`
nob

au akỀ r rẸob
aa yu t xá
kỐ`, yu t a
okìo vh nak vỦ,
yu t akẦt
iƨob ih l yu
t ak` pk`, ok
kỗob Ęo v`Ểa
iƽ ako tka āo
okok aỢ obỚ`

E
alvhd oa
oj
ủ, nob Eald 
okủob obỚ`
tkỚob
tk nö` aa
 lh` Ęāob aỢ
aa libbr Ạj
tkƽa
dka
oku, aa trob
Ęá tkak aỢ
aa akuỒ` tka

āo vh okh khob
vh ag 1== pko
k`
]kẢo
jj
Q]QQ <=.=
Ęƨa
Ę
ƨa sỪ nỦ
nỦob
ob
Ęề pkìo tak nủ
i`Ểu
\uak`` Duj
\uak
Dujr`
r` o
onn Aa yu t ok kỗob ]ko
kobb pkp
pkp Dt
Dt qu
qu obk`
obk`ão
ão
Jjt Dujr`
Ęo sƽ iƽ ako tka āo obk`ão au 3 au akỀ r aa y


;

 

okokk aỢ
oko
aỢ tk
tko
okk tk
tk`
`uu ĝok iƨob
t ok
ok kỗo
kỗobb
o`ão
Ęo v`Ểa iƽ
dk` Qlur ỗ quẪo 6=
6=== s`ok
s`ok v`ão
v`ão ako tka āo
Lkbipur aỢ Ắo ĝỐ

(oj
l vhboủ)
j tỤa
aa trỚob ka
vh a Ęằob
dka oku
dk
oku a
tr t` aa dku
vƽaa tkh

vƽ
tkhok tk
Ęá
Ęƨa iƽ ako
obẤu ok`ão ak
obk`ão
au
k`Ểo t`

okok
sƽut`Ểo
iƨ`
iƨ`, aa
aih3
a yu
y
t
nakk vỦ, sƽ tk
na
b`áo
b`áo,, aŠob
aŠob ok
ok
ih sƽ tky Ę` i`
sob aỢ k.

]ko
kobb pkp
pkp
tkob dã Ęƨa

sỪ nỦob Ęề
 pkìo tak nủ
i`Ểu
vh nủ i`Ểu s
Ęƨa akuẠo l
Ęề rt r dt
iuẪo.
ln idnr,lniDn
nr
Jk
kj
jn
n,,
^kr, Jo Ktj,
Ndrry,
Jo
@lrk`j (<=8=)

JỦa t`ãu akok aỢ
obk`ão au ohy ih Ę`u
tr aa yu t ok kỗob
Ęo v`Ểa iƽ ako aỪ
khob tka āo okok aỢ
s`ok v`ão Ę` ka

]ko
kobb pkp
pkp
obk`ão au 3
Ęok tok

^kỚ`
b`o
obk`ão
au3<=8=
ĝ Ę`ềj dk
st3aỪ khob
tka āo okok
Dotuady,
Ja‐s
Ja
‐sN
No
oin
in ,
J‐s

Dt qu
Dt
qu obk`
obk`ão
ão
au akỀ r 6 yu
t quo trob
okẦt Ęề s`ok
v`ão Ę` ka iƽ
ako
ako aỪ
aỪ khob
khob
tka āo okok ih

3 ^a ĘỐ pkỦa
vỦ,, nok
vỦ
nok t`o
t`ob,
b,
akẦt iƨob pkỦa
vỦ vh dkỵob dk

jo, tk` j`


0

 

Ad Nr 
ĝ`
tƨob
dk st3aa

Giloc`. . Go` vh JỦa Ęak
Ęak aỢ obk`
bk`ão
^e
en
nzw
zw
Jt
t`z

`z au ohy ih tk`t iẪp b`
(<=8>)
tr vh ja ĘỐ i`ão quo
aỢ aa yu t ok
kỗob Ęo sƽ iƽ ako
aỪ khob tka āo okok

dkak
khob
Ęob nob lủ
t` > aỪ khob
trão
]ko
kobb pkp
pkp
obk`ão
au3
ĝok iƨob
^kỚ`
b`o
obk`ão au 3
<=8>

`j dk
aoỵob
tkỵo.
ob` t`óu no
nob
st3 t
^k

tro
Jod
J
odw
wob
ob vh
okob
obỵ`
ihob oỵob tkỵo
xuob
quok
^ruob
tỡj
Ju
sj
]in`,
tok
I`jp
`jpp
p a
a
Oj ]k`
`
tob
dk
st3
okob dkak
khob
khob quo
quo t`

t`
a
khob
okob
ok
ob quyo
quyo
tka o okok
a J .
QỪ
nỦob
 pkob pkp

Dt qu
Dt
qu obk`
obk`ão
ão
au ak rẸob
aa yu
yu t o`
 lẪt 3 akẦt iƨob
tka āo, nak vỦ
okok akgob, sƽ
tkuẪo
ok t`Ểo
ih aŠob
akẦt
iƨob Ę` ỵ` v`
b` a ih yu t

quo
qu
o tr
tro
obb ok
ok
kob o s
i ako aỪ
khob tka āo
okok aỢ k


8=

 

`yuo
Qkku

Q]QQ <=.8
Ęok auob aẦp okủob
[`, JỦa Ęak
Ęak aỢ obk`
bk`ão ]]OA3
k`ề
k`ều l`t
l`t qu
quo
Pob , au ohy ih Ęề Ę`u tr iƨob,

X`sr @qli (<=8;)

a
aaa y
yuu t o
okk kỗo
kỗobb tob s 181
 lob aìu k`
Ęo v`Ểa ju khob
Ęƨa
ƨa pkìo
pkìo
 Ęok aỢ s`ok v`ão ^k ỏ
k P ` v` obhok aỵob pk` v` aỡu
obk`p tka āo okok ỗ  tr iỚ`
t iỂ 08%.
 O`i`, Jiys`.
Jiys`.

trob v tka āo
okok O`i`
okhh khob
ok
khob tr
tro
obb
v`Ểa téj k`ều 
Ęok
Ęok ju
ju khob

khob
aỢ dkak khob.
^Ụ Ęg, aa okh
iáok Ę vh
quo i aỢ aa
okhh khob
ok
khob tk
kaa
āo okoỗk O`i`
Ę
 pkob
ag tkề oìob a
tr` obk`Ểj aỢ
dkak khob, b``
quyt aa vẦo Ę
aỢ k,
vh au` aob Ęt
Ęƨa kt ĘỐob
d`ok nok akẦt
iƨob a

ysk
ys
k ^
^l
lss
ssuj
uj  Obk`ão au ohy ih jỐt ]]OA3
k st

st 8=
8===
vh ^souv \kjo oỒ iƽa okẸj téj r sƽ Dk
t`ãu
dka l`Ểt trob tk` ĘỐ obỚ`
(<=8<)
aỢ obỚ` t`ãu nob Ę` nob,
v` aa okh khob tka āo nủ i`Ểu Ęƨa
okok ag ako ia ỗ   pkìo tak lẸob
JQ Fxai <==1
Lobinsk.
vh Q]QQ 8<.

Dt qu okẪo
tkẦy rẸob obỚ`
t`ãu nob ag
Ęok
Ęok b`
b` tkuẪ
tkuẪoo
iƨ` okẦt v akt
iob vh jỵ`
trob
tka
pkj a ]`zz
Kut aob ok
b` a o vh


88

 

K

Oj

Dkok [a Ęok vh ĝ iỚob -]]OA3

B` ( <=8;)

ja
takỗob
ĘỐob aỢ
yu tĘỐok
Ęo aa
quyt Ęok ako okh
khob tka āo okok aỢ
b``
b`` tr
trff t
t`` ^kho
^khokk pk
pk
K Ak J`ok, U`Ểt Oj
(^].KAJ)

Dob Pob
Dob
Pob Akw

Akw,,
N`adso Ak Q`ob
Gob, R` Id  
^kj, P`o Duo
Rob (<=81)

[a Ęok yu t ok
kỗob Ęo tr` obk`ã  j̡
āo uob Ęo sƽ kh` iüob
aỢ dkak khob vh 
Ęo
okk qu
quy tr
trỗỗ i` aỪ
aỪ
khob tka āo okok

na
nak vỦ oko
okokk
akgob aỢ DEA.
Ęok Dt qu ak

tiƨob.
ok vh Ęok
 Obk`ão
au
Ęok tok ih
Ęƨa tkƽa k`Ểo
n` kéok tka

 pkob vẦo 8=
aẲp obỚ` tỤ
8; Ęo <> tu`
Ęá Ęo aa okh
khob tka āo
okok ỗ K
Ak J`ok.
 Obk`ão
au
Ęok
iƨob
akok
tka
job
ob i` jt
ju kp i ih
<<6 ob` t`óu
nob
n
ob tr
trff sob
sob
t` ^p.
-Aỵob a Q]QQ
<= a s
nob tkỵob qu
Arolak's
ipk, FE
N i`u s ap
a

a tku
tku tkp
tkp
tkỵob qu lob
aỡu k` dk
st ak
ja
ak
obk`óo au ohy
vh <== lỐ aìu
k` Ęá Ęƨa

tkẦy
lo
t
ok
ok k
kỗo
ỗobyu
b tak
tak
aƽa Ęo
Ęo quyt
Ęok iƽ ako
okhh khob
ok
khob tk
kaa
āo okok aỢ

b``
trf
^].KAJ tk
tk tƽ b`j nẢo3
(8) B`, (<) Qo
pkj, (1) U tr
a khob, vh (>)
Dkỵob b`o. Aa
dt qu aob
ak tky dkỵob
ag s dka l`t
v quyt ok
tk b`` tok
okob ag sƽ
dka l`Ểt v
obk
ob
k obk`
obk`Ểp
Ểp vh
tku okẪp.

Dt qu aỢ
obk`
ob
k`ão
ão a
auu akỀ
akỀ
r rẸob akẦt

iƨob nak vỦ ih
yu t quo
tr
tro
obb okẦt
okẦt ok
ok
kỗo
k
ỗobb Ęo
Ęo tr
tr`
`
obk`Ểj āo uob
aỢ s`ok v`ão

 pkìo
pkt ak ak
jỦa t`ãu
kobtt tobk`Ểp
` okh


8<

 

okủob obỚ` khob tka āo
tr iỚ` ih s`ok okok vh yu t
v`ão

v`ão ak
ak tt
tt t quo trob
obk`Ểp
tỤ jỐt
okẦt jgo
ih āo.
akẦt
s
tr
trỚ
Ớob
ob
Ę`
Ę` iƨob
ka
ỗ  
Jiys`.
QỪ nỦob Bg`
tkob dã ak
Dk ka xá
kỐ`
(Q]QQ)
 pk`ão lo <=.=
Nr.].N`vo`
 Obk`ão au ok ju Obk`óo au
Jỵ` trob lóo
J.Aj.,
JL., khob vh x
xaa ok

ok aa a tka k`o trob vh jỵ`
J.]k`i.,
(<=85)

]k.N yóu t ok kỗob Ęo  lẸob aak tkƽa trỚob
lão
quyt Ęok iƽ ako aỪ k`Ểo jỐt auỐa obh` ih k` yu
khob tka āo okok.
dk st ỗ   t akok vh quo
quẪoo Jnur
quẪ
Jnur`.`. tr
tro
obb okẦt
okẦt bìy
bìy
Lob
L
ob aìu
aìu k
k`` r
Ęok
Ęok b`
b` tk`
k` sƽ kh` iüob aỢ
ĘỐ aỢ dka
dkakk dkak khob Ę`
khob
v` aa okh
Ę` v` so khob tka āo

 pkẠj tka āo okok aỢ XuẪo
okok. ]kìo Jnu
Jnur`.
r`. Obh`
Obh`
tak vh b`` r aüo ag aa
tkak
Ęƨa  l`ão quo trob
tkƽa
tkƽa k`Ểo
k`Ểo tr
trão
ão ih b`, akẦt
a sỗ pkẢo iƨob
so
trāj. JỐt s
 pkẠj,..
aa aìu k`  ObỚ` t`ãu nob
Ęƨa akẦj trão Ắo ĝỐ tk
tkỚo
Ớobb
tkob
Ę`ềj āo ỗ 
oāj
I`drts aa quo āo vo
quo
oāj
oāj Ę`ềj
Ę`ềj,, vh ĘỚob,
oo

obb vh qu
quẢy
Ảy
tok to Ak` - o
 léok pkob, khob vẤo ak`j
tk pkẢo
pkẢo ako
akokk
[p
kob tk
tr
trob iĠok
Ġok vƽa
vƽa
Brrtt


81



dkỵob ag t
aka
aka,, o`
o` tka
tka
o okok
ỏ
atkob.
o tk

truyo

<.1 Kok tkhok j kok obko aƽu vh Ę tob dk st
<.1.8 Kok tkhok j kok obko aƽu
  Nƽ aa lh` obk`ão au v Ę th` ohy jh okgj Ęá téj k`ều. Okgj j okỡ
okỡo
tky rob a` yu t ag ta ỵob
o s iƽ ako aỪ khob tka āo okok aỢ Q`ok v`ão
^rỚob ĝ` ka Q ]kj D ^kuì  t ̡ tp K Ak J`ok dk` nƽ vh aa lh` obk`ão au
aỢ ta b` K Oj Dkok B` (<=8;), ta b` ^rẢo ^k ^k` (<=85), ta b` Obuyo
J`ok Kuã   (<=82)
ih aa yu t sƽ t`ã  o̡ iƨ`, tkob k`ã  u,̡ b` a, so pkẠj, v tr aỪ
̡
khob, dkỵob b`o a a khob, tk` ỵpka
v a okỡo v`óo, nak vỦ dkak khob vh
̡
vã   s`ok.
Nƽ trão dt qu dk st, okgj akob j xut jỵ kộok obk`óo au v

okob yu t ok kỗob Ęo sƽ iƽ ako aỪ khob tka āo okok aỢ s`ok v`ão ^rỚob
ĝ` ka Q ]kj D ^kuì  t.̡

Qƽ t`ã  o̡ iƨ`
^kob k`ã  u̡

 

B` a

K<

K8


8>



K1

Qo pkj
K>

U tr a a khob

Xuyt `ok
ako i

K6
K5

Dkỵob b`o a a khob
K2
K;

^k` ỵpka
v a okỡo

K0

Nak v dkak khob
Uó s`ok
s`ok

B tkuyt3
K8 3  Qƽ t`ã  o̡ iƨ` ok kỗob tak aƽa Ęo quyt Ęok iƽ ako jỐt aỪ khob tka āo
okok
K< 3  ^kob k`ã  u̡ pk kƨp ok kỗob tak aƽa Ęo quyt Ęok iƽ ako jỐt aỪ khob
tka āo okok
K1 3 B a pk kƨp ok kỗob tak aƽa Ęo quyt Ęok iƽ ako jỐt aỪ khob tka āo
okok


86

 

K>3  Qo pkẠj pk kƨp ok kỗob tak aƽa Ęo quyt Ęok iƽ ako jỐt aỪ khob tka
āo okok
K63  U tr aỢ aỪ khob pk kƨp ok kỗob tak aƽa o quyt ok i ako jt a
khob tka o okok
K53Dkỵob b`o aỢ aỪ khob pk kƨp ok kỗob tak aƽa Ęo quyt Ęok iƽ ako jỐt
aỪ khob tka āo okok
K23  ^k` ỵpka
pk a okỡo v`óo ok kob tak aa o quyt Ęok iƽ ako jỐt
̡
aỪ khob tka āo okok
K;3 Nak vỦ dkak khob ok kỗob tak aƽa Ęo quyt Ęok iƽ ako jỐt aỪ khob tka
āo okok
K03 Uã   s`ok

ok kỗob tak aƽa Ęo quyt Ęok iƽ ako jỐt aỪ khob tka āo okok
̡
<.1.< ĝ tob dk st
st
Dk st okủob s`ok v`ão trỚob ĝ` ka Q ]kj D ^kuì  t ̡ tp K Ak J`ok3







^ão
B`` tok3 (oj, oủ, dka)
Q`ok v`ão oāj jẦy3 ( oāj 8, oāj <, oāj 1, oāj >, dka)
Dk ( dk d`ok t, dk aỵob obkótkỵob
t`o, dk `óo `óo t, dk a dk,
̡
…)
^ku okì   p̡ jỒ` tkob3
 O` ỗ3 ( tr, d ta x,
x, t` b`)

AKƧOB 13 ^K@Ã^ DÃ OBK@O A
1.8 Xuy trok obko aƽu
1.8.8 [a Ę`ok Ę th obko aƽu
ĝìy ih la ĘẢu t`ão dk` lầt ĘẢu lh` obk`ão au ohy. Aob ih s`ok v`ão oão
okgj j Ęá iƽ ako Ę` tƨob obk`ão au ih s`ok v`ão aỢ trỚob ĝ` ka Q ]kj
D ^kuì  t.̡ Qu dk` téj k`ều, vh aŠob ih tr` obk`ã  j̡ aỢ lo tkìo tké akob j tkẦy
rẸob s`ok v`ão akob j tka s rt lỡo rỵo, obh` v`óa aky nni`o tké aüo pk` ihj

tkãj d`j t`o s`ok kt, tkỚ` b`o <> b`Ớ Ęob k Ę` v` s`ok v`ão akob j ih qu t
b``
quyt
jỵak
t j
. Uỡ
y st`ó
j ako
d`ój o
tk`tka
b`o,ovhokok.
aob [uob
ok lquok
suob
akt
n`ok
nob
ako
tk ỵ
tkộo
s`ok
v`óo
i


85



dkuỵo v`óo trob, ky xuob quok o` aa s`ok v`óo tkộ ag vỵ vho aa a khob tka

o okok. Okgj j Ęā  t ̡ r aìu k` rẸob ’aa lo s`ok v`óo s ag okob t`óu ak oh
ako jỵt ̡ aỪ khob tka āo okok7‚ Au` aob, okgj akob j r quyt Ęok sẺ ako
Ę th` obk`ão
obk`ão au v aa yu t ok
ok kob Ęo sƽ
sƽ iƽ ako aỪ khob tk
tkaa āo okok
aỢ s`ok v`ão trỚob ĝ` ka Q ]kj D ^kuì  t.̡
1.8.< [a Ę`ok aìu k, b tkuyt vh pkƨob pkp obko aƽu
Qu dk` xa
xa Ęok Ęƨa Ę
Ę th`, okgj akob
akob j t`p
t`p tỦa tkj dk aỢ
aỢ okủob
obk`ão au tra, téj th` i`ã  u̡ Ęa Ęề l suob d`o tka. Okgj akob j Ęá iƽ ako r
okủob aìu k` obk`ão au akok ih okủob b` tkuyt ‑ aa aìu k` pkob Ęo nƽ trão
dt qu aỢ okủob obk`ão au tra g ka okob quo `j ta b`, v` jỵt iƨob
b`` ko vh ak l`t Ęob s`. OkỚ okủob aìu k` ohy, okgj akob j sẺ ag kob
téj d`j Ęề d`ềj akob vh Ę r dt iuì  o̡ au` aob.
]kob pkp obk`óo au 3
Obk`óo au s lỵ3 Q nob pkỡo tak ok tok. ^kỵob qu obk`óo au i tkuyt
vh aa jỵ kộok ỏ ag, tk iuo okgj xỡy nob jỵ kộok obk`óo au vh tkob
akok tka.
Obk`
Obk`óo
óo au
au ak
akok
ok tk

tka
a33 Q
Q nno
obb ppk
ko
obb pk
pkpp o
okk ii
ob
ob,, tkỵ
tkỵob
ob qu
qu lo
lobb aaìu
ìu
k`, Ę`u tr jẤu vh sỪ nỦob pkẢo jj Q]QQ 1 85.= Ęề pkìo tak aa okìo t ok
kỗob Ęo quyt Ęok iƽ ako okh khob tka āo okok.
1.8.1 [ìy nob Ę aƨob vh iì   
   p̡ d kak obko aƽu
La t`p tk trob quy tréok obk`ão au, okgj akob j ih pkt dk r
aob n d`óo aa la `, oỵ` nuob a aỵob trộok. Ok ag aob obk`óo au ih
okgj j Ęá sầp xp Ęƨa d kak ak` t`t ak kt ỵob
obk`óo au.
Oỵ` nuob a aob obk`óo au bj okob oỵ` nuob3
-

I n ako Ę th`, jỦa Ęak obk`ão au vh iak sỪ vẦo Ę obk`ão au

-

Dkak tkề vh Ę` tƨob obk`ão au

-

B` tkuyt dk ka

-

Aa ok`Ểj vỦ vh pkj v` obk`ão au

-

Aa obuo th` i`Ểu vh aa pkob pkp obk`ão au

-

Nƽ d`o nho aỵob trộok obk`óo au

-

D kak obk`óo au


82

 

1.8.> Ut l a dt qu obko aƽu
ĝìy ih la aỢ au` Ęề kho tkhok lh` obk`ão au ohy.
1.< Q kok tkhok tkob Ę aa dk o   

   j̡ trob j kok obko aƽu
^kob Ę aỢ lh` obk`ão au Ęƨa xìy nƽob nƽ trão aa obk`ão au ag sẶo tra jh
okgj j Ęá téj k`ều. Aa b`` tk`t Ę r Ęƨa Ęok b` qu tkob Ę aỢ tỤob l`o
tỤ 8-6 ( 8. kho
kho t
tho
ho dkỵob
dkỵob ob 4 <. Dkỵob
Dkỵob ob
ob 4 1. ^ruob
^ruob iỡp4 >. ob 4 6.
Kho tho dkỵob ob )
Q^^
8
<
1
>

L@O XO QH^
Q t   
   o̡ i
^ka āo okok t`t d`ã  j̡ ok`u tkỚ` b`o.
^ka o okok b`p auỵa sob o b`o.
^ka o okok Ęƨa akuẠo l okok akgob.

2

AỪ khob tka āo okok ky pkỦa vỦ vh
 lo Ęãj.
AỪ khob tka āo okok n téj.

^ka āo okok tkì  t ̡ sƽ rẦt t`ã  o̡ iƨ`
^kƨob k   
   u̡
^kob k`ã  u̡ tho au kho tho ob t`o

;

aỡy
^ỵ` dkỵob tkak okob tkob k`óu i

0

^kob k`u tho au auob ap akt iob

8=

tka
^ỵ` ao
kottako.
khob ag tkob k`ã  u̡ o` t`ob
trob iĠok vƽa auob aẦp tka o okok
B a
^ỵ` ttkkak tk
tka o
o ok
okok vộ
vộ b`
b` a
a vh
vh aakkt

iob kp i.
^ỵ` tkak tka o okok vộ ag ok`u ja b`
Ęề iƽ ako.
^ka āo
āo okok ih jỐt iƽ ako rf
rf ko s
v` aa aỪ khob tkƽa pkẠj tky tk dka.
^ka o okok tkộ dkỵob qu t
Qo pkj
Okh khob auob aẦp tkƽa pkẠj t` sob

6
5

88
8<
81
8>
86

^HA B@
^rẢo ^k ^k` (<=85)

^rẢo ^k ^k` (<=85)

^rẢo ^k ^k` (<=85)

^rẢo ^k ^k` (<=85)

8;



85
82

J` v a tka o rt iỵ` auo
Kộok tka trộok lhy tka āo kẦp nẤo
U tr a khob

88;0
<=

^
Obuyo J`ok Kuã   (<=82)
̡̡(<=82)
Dkkuì  oo̡ bt`ãa  o̡aĘk` Ęi`ono` ju obầo
Ag akỒ ĘỒ x
Dkob bo a khob
Dkỵob dk t` a khob tkob jt
Obuyo J`ok Kuó (<=82)
(<=82)
Aak tréok lhy okh khob Ęp
Aj b`a tk` j` dk` āo t` okh khob
^k Ę
v a okìo vo
    pka
   
̡

Okìo v`ão tkìo tk`ã  o̡, b` t`p tt
Obuyo J`ok Kuó (<=82)
(<=82)
^a ỵpka
v okok

Okỡo v`óo oj rỒ d`o tka v so pkẠj
N`ak v dkak khob
Akob tréok dkuyo já` tkỚob xuyão
Obuyo J`ok Kuã   (<=82)
̡̡(<=82)
Jou jgo āo Ę nob, rö rhob
Akob tréok dkuyo já` kẦp nẤo
Ƨu Ęá` ak dkak khob tkìo tk`t
U   
    sok
̡
Okh khob sak sẺ
Obuyo J`ok Kuã   (<=82)
̡̡(<=82)
Okìo v`ão bo bhob sak sẺ
Okìo v`ão vã   s`ok
tk`t l, vỡt nob d ahob

Xuyt `ok i akgo
^ỵ` quyt ok iƽ ako okh khob tka āo
^rẢo ^k ^k` (<=85)
okok vé og t`o i` ak tỵ`
^ỵ` quyt ok i ako okh khob tka o
okok vộ og t`o i` ak tỵ`

^ỵ` quyt ok i ako okh khob tka o
okok vộ tỵ` tky tk` j` dk` ỗ Ęìy.

<8
<<
<1
<>
<6
<5
<2
<;
<0
1=
18
1<
11
1>
16
15


80

 

^@
I@
   
   ̡ ^KJ DKG
 

^k Fobi, Liadwii & J`o`rn ( Ęƨa trak nẤo lỗ` ^rẢo ^k ^k`, <=85)3
  Khok v` dkak khob ih okủob khok ĘỐob i`ão quo trƽa t`p Ęo v`Ểa ag Ęƨa, t`ãu
nob vh xỪ i tk` l okủob khob kg vh nak vỦ, l bj aa qu tréok quyt Ęok
tra vh su okủob khok ĘỐob ohy (tr.>)
^k ]rsn vh Ck ( Ęƨa trak nẤo lỗ` ^rẢo ^k ^k`, <=85)3
  U`Ểa r quyt Ęok aỢ
aỢ obỚ`
obỚ` t`ãu
t`ãu nob ag tkề
tkề Ęƨa Ęok obkĠ
obkĠ iihh jỐt qu tr
tréok
éok tku
tkẪp vh xỪ i tkỵob t`o, ok b`, i ako pkob o tt okẦt Ęề ag tkề b`` quyt jỐt
vẦo Ę ky tkƽa k`Ểo jỐt sƽ iƽ ako ju. (tr>)
^k Dtir & rjstrob (Ęƨa trak nẤo lỗ` K Oj Dkok B`, <=8;)3
  Aa yu
yu t ok kỗob ĘĘo
o khok v` aỢ obỚ` t`ãu nob l
l bj Uāo kg (l
(l bj
Uāo kg, Aa okok vāo kg, ^Ảob ip xá kỐ`), [á kỐ` (Okgj vh Job xá kỐ`, B`
Ęéok, U` trü vh Ę v), A okìo (^u` vh b`` Ęo aỢ aku dự sob, Obk obk`Ểp,
^éok kéok d`ok t, I` sob, ^ok aak vh Lo obá), ^ìj i (ĝỐob iƽa, OkẪo tka, Ka
tẪp, O`j t`o vh tk` ĘỐ), ^`p tk kỒo kƨp (Xuob a, B` a, Dãok pkìo pk`)
(tr.>28)
^rẢo ^k ^k` (<=85), Obk`ão Au Aa Okìo ^ Ậok Kơỗob ĝo Xuyt ĝok Iƽ
Ako Okh Khob ^ka Čo Okok AỢ ObơỚ` ^`ãu Nob ^` ^khok ]k ĝh OẶob ( tr.
>, tr.;, tr.88-81).
 Obuyo J`ok KuỂ (<=82), Eatrs eeat`ob ^k Na`s`o Ge Aks`ob Est En

\sturots Ly Aosujrs @o ^k` Obuyo A`ty (tr.>6).
K Oj Dkok B` (<=8;), Na`s`o ^ Aks Est En \sturots Ge ^k
Puob ]pi @o K Ak` J`ok A`ty, U`toj (tr.>28 ‑ >21).

J`ss ]ttr
J`ss
]ttrp
pro
ro C`roy
C`roydu
duii J`ss
J`ss Ak`tr
Ak`trpr
proo Pd
Pdsv
svnn (<=88
(<=88),
), Aosuj
Aosujr 
r 
tt`tuns twrn Xu`ad Qrv`a \sturots `o ^k`ion3 tk stuny e `oeiuoa`ob
eatrs eeat`ob puraks jd`ob na`s`o.
 

 


 

jr \cput & \c Sk`l Bke (<=<=), Qt`seat`o on rv`s`t `otot`os t est

en rsturots
rsturots..
 

  Qldu
Qlduoo Ok
Okr
r Qktu
Qktu (<=<8)
(<=<8),, Eat
Eatrs
rs @oeiu
@oeiuoa`
oa`ob
ob o Ao
Aosuj
sujrs
rs‐‐ EstEst-E
Enn
Aosujpt`o ]reroas3 o Fjp`r`ai Qtuny o Eald srs `o Nkd A`ty,
Lobinsk .
ln idnr,lni-Dnr Jkjn, ^kr, Jo Ktj, Ndrry, Jo @lrk`j
(<=8=)
(<=
8=),, ^k e
eat
atrs
rs eea
eeat`o
t`obb uo`vr

uo`vrs`t
s`tyy stuno
stuno‐s
‐s na`s`
na`s`o
o o ak
aks
s`ob
`ob e
estst-e
enn
rsturots.
 Giloc`. . Go` & ^enzw Jt`z (<=8>), Eatrs @oeiuoa`ob Aosujr Ak`a e 
Est En Gutit3 ^k As e o jr`ao Est En Eroak`s Lron Gprt`ob `o 
]rnj`ootiy \uri Ajjuo`ty.
  `
`yuo
yuo [`
[`,
, Qkku
Qkku Pob
Pob , X`s
X`srr @qli
@qli (<=8;)
(<=8;),, Eatr
Eatrss ee
eeat
at`ob
`ob ]urak
]uraks

s
@otot`os `o Bort`o P3 o Fjp`r`ai Fv`noa erj Est En @onustry `o
Jiys`.
  ysk ^lssuj vh ^souv \kjo (<=8<), N`eeroas `o Aosujr tt`tun
t
tw
wrn
rnss Qi
Qiat
at`v
`v Est
Est En
En \
\st
stu
ur
rot
otss `o L
Lob
obi
in
nsk
sk33 o @jpi
@jpi`a
`at
t`
`oo e 
Juit`ttr`lut tt`tun Jni.
 Dob Pob Akw, N`adso Ak Q`ob Gob, R` Id ^kj, P`o Duo Rob (<=81),
Eatrs @oeiuoa`ob N`o`ob Fxpr`oa Go Austjr Qt`seat`o on \v`s`t @otot`o

job onrbrnuts ^wrns Est En \sturots.
  Nr.]
Nr.].N
.N`
`v
vo
o`` J.A
J.Aj.
j.,, JL.
JL.,, J.]k
J.]k`i
`i.,., ]k.N
]k.N (<
(<=8
=85)
5),, Eat
Eatr
rss `oei
`oeiu
uoa
oa`o
`obb t
]reroa e Est En \sturots.
 \uak` Dujr` & Jjt Dujr` (<=<=), Eatrs eeat`ob tk ak`a e est en
job tobrs e Qlur liad `o Lkbipur n`str`at e @on`.
^k l Os v Dk` o`ã  j̡ v so pkẠj (]rnuat) vh okủob aak pkìo i` akob
(=>/
(=>/=5
=5/<
/<=<

=<=)
=),, tr
truy
uy aì    p
  ̡ t` kttps3//`oluonjrdt`ob.vo/dk`-o`j-v-so-pkjprnuat-v-okuob-aak-pko-i`-akuob
prnuat-v-okuob-aakpko-i`-akuob
^k l U`tojl`z v Dkỵob b`o lo khob (tjspkr`as) ih bộ7 Aa t`óu ak v
dkỵob b`o lo khob (82/=kob-tjspkr`a
s-i-b`-aa-t`u-ak`-v-dkob-b`o-lo-k
u-ak`-v-dkob-b`o-lo-kobob<=<==<8282=5>6680.ktj#3~3txt:Dk%A1%L>ob%<=b`o%<=l%A1%8o%<=k
%A1%=ob%<=i%A1%=,v%A1%=%<=a%F8%LL%N%<=k%A1%=ob




%<=ju%<=s%F8%L%Ej.&txt:A%A1%8a%<=t`%A1%u%<=ak
%<=ju%<=s%F8%L%Ej.&txt:A%A1%
8a%<=t`%A1%u%<=ak
%A1%N%<=o%A1%=y%<=%A>%08%A5%L=%F8%LL%1a,dk
%A1%L1%<=j%A1%=%<=ok%F8%L%No%<=r%<=ak%A1%Lob.
^k
k l
l ^kuD
kuDyI
yIu
ut.
t.vo
vo v Uó ss``ok i ỵob
(=2/

2/8<
8/<=8
=82)
2),, tr
truy
uy aì   p̡ t`
̡ (=
kttps3//obokobpkpiut.tkudyiut.vo/tu-vo-pkp-iut/i-nob--t
kttps3//obokobpkpiut.tkudyiut.vo/tu-v
o-pkp-iut/i-nob--t`o-iuob/v-s`ok`o-iuob/v-s`oki-nob-i-b`-8<1<5;
^k R`d`pn` v B` a, truy aì   p̡ t` kttps3//v`.w`d`pn`.rb/w`d`/B`%A1%8Wa
%F8%L%1
^k
k l
l Lro
Lrons
nsU
U`t
to
oj
j v ^`
^` Ęok
Ęok obkĠ
obkĠ v sƽ t`ã
t`ã  o̡ iƨ`, truy aì   p̡ t`
kttps3//www
kttps3//www.lronsv`toj.a
.lronsv`toj.aj/858<1-^`-n`ok-obk`-v
j/858<1-^`-n`ok-obk`-v-su-t`o-i`

-su-t`o-i`
^k l Uu v ^kob k`ã  u̡ ih bé7 Aa Ęok obkĠ a lo v tkob k`ã  u̡ lo aẢo
 l`t , truy aì   p̡ t` kttps3//vun`b`ti.
kttps3//vun`b`ti.a/tkuob-k`u-i-b`-a
a/tkuob-k`u-i-b`-aa-n`ok-obk`-a-lo-v
a-n`ok-obk`-a-lo-vtkuob-k`u-lo-ao-l`t.ktji
^k l Arjv`t v Nak vỦ dkak khob ih bé ‑ ^Ảj quo trob aỢ nak vỦ dkak
khob , truy aì   p̡ t` kttps3//arjv`t.vo/n`ak-vu-dkak-kob-i-b`/