Tính thế tục và yếu tố khôi hài trong nghi lễ và mối quan hệ của những tín đồ đạo mẫu vũ thị tú anh

Tfnh the tuc va yeu to khoi hai
trong nghi l i va mdi quan he
cua nhufng tin do Dao M i u
VUTHITUANH*

D ^ nh$p

Ndi, nghien eflu ndy se tap trung md td
mgt so' bieu hien ciia quy trinh the' tuc hda
Tdn gido vd cfic II nghi tdn gido thfldng
vd thucfng mai hda cdc tuc Id nghi 1§ Dao
dflgc coi lfi trang trgng vd tdn nghidm. Tuy
Mdu thong qua nhieu hinh thflc khfie
nhidn, m^t sd' hgc gia (Huizinga 1950
nhau nhfl phfltfng phdp khdi hdi hay cdc
[2000], Blake, 2011) eho r i n g eac nghi thflc
he thd'ng gid tri phu phiem hofie thUe
tdn gifio tdn nghidm vd Iinh thidng cd t h l dung. Qua dd, chung tdi dUa ra mdt sd
khdng dfltfc cijf hdnh qufi trang trgng nhU nhdn xet ve cdch thflc ngUdi phu nfl Vidt
chdng ta van nghi. NhQhg hgc gia ndy cung tfl mang quyln ndng de'n cho minh trong
cho r i n g khi ldn kd hoach cdc hoat ddng qua trinh thflc hien nhuhg nghi le ton
nghi ll va ll hgi ton giao, ngudi ta ludn giao dudi anh hudng cua quy trinh the tuc
thidt ke' sao cho cd t h l chfla diftig mgt khia hda do. Chung tdi cung ddt nghi v l n vl
canh vui chtfi ndo dd mang tinh giai tri.
vide Udu trao quyen nang theo cfich thfle
6 Vidt Nam, tfl nhflng ndm 1980 vd ndy Id mdt hidn tflgng truyin thd'ng hay
1990, trong ddi sd'ng tfn ngflflng tdn gido Id mdt hidn tflgng mang tinh hien dai.
da dien ra sfl hdi sinh cua cdc tuc lg nghi Dong thcfi, chung tdi eung dfit vd'n de vd
l l ciia Dao Mau. Dfldi tac ddng ciia cdng xem xet tinh thd' tuc cd nhflng ddng gdp
n ^ g truyin thdng tien tid'n tfl ndm 1990 nhfl the ndo cho cdch thflc xfiy dflhg vd
da mang Iai mdt sfl thay ddi trong cdc tuc thflc hdnh quyen Iflc mem ddi vdi ngfldi

Id nghi thflc cua Dao Mau hay cdn ggi la phu nfl theo Dao Mdu.
quy trinh the tuc hda nghi l l Dao Miu.
Dfla trdn tu Heu nghidn cflu nhfin hgc
v l Dao Mau tfl ndm 2006 dd'n nfim 2009
tai mgt den thd tU n h a n d Thai Nguyen vd
d i n thd Dflc Vua Bat Hai Vgng Tfl d Ha

Tinh khoi hai trong c a c nghi le Dao
Mau: Hign tifdng d o n g d u a
Blake da phdn tich "tinh khdi hfii"
trong nhOhg tuc Id nghi thfle pho bid'n cua

* TS. Vu Thi Ti3 Anh, Ban Quan he Qudc te - Dai Hoc Thai Nguydn.


58
ngfldi ddn Trung Qud'c, ddc bidt trong
phong tuc dd't tiln vdng, n h l m chi ra
nhiJhg thay doi phdt sinh trong xa hgi
hidn dai (Theo Blake, 2011). Trong qufi
trinh tim hilu nhflng anh hUdng xa hdi
hign dai da bien tuc 1§ tiln vfing thdnh
mdt tuc 1^ nhdi truyin thdng nhfl t h l ndo,
Blake eho r i n g chinh gid tri gidi tri vfi
khfii nidm sU phu phiem cung sU vui thu
cua cfic tuc 1$ hi^n dai Id mdt trong nhflng
U do khie'n cho sfl thay ddi trdn trd thdnh
dai d i n g vd ngdy edng phd bie'n rgng rai.
Ong nhfin dinh: "Nin kinh td tidu dung
tofin clu hidn nay dang xdm nhdp vdo tuc

1$ ddt tiln vdng thdng qua nhflhg do l l
ngoai nhgp dUa trdn nhflhg mong mud'n
khdng cd gidi han cd the ed" (Blake 2011:
212). Trong qud khfl, ngfldi ta hanh le ddt
tiln vang tuy ludn vung tay hdo phdng
nhflng trong mgt khudn khd han ehe nhat
dinh. Nhuhg de'n ngfiy nay, tuc le ndy
khdng ehi bao gom dd't nhflng mdn do md
phdng nhiJng vgt quy gia theo truyen
thdng, hay nhiJhg "vfit pham thid't yd'u"
trong cudc sdng dflong dai nhu d td, ti vi,
tu lanh ciing nhU cae loai t i l n td cua nhilu
qudc gia khdc nhau, ma cdn bao gdm ca
nhijfng loai mdt hdng cd thuong hidu, dd
chtfi tinh due vd cdc loai vu khi. Dfldng nhfl
day la mgt sfl giai phdng tinh than phu
phidm, sfl nudng chilu vfi bdc ddng cua ban
than hem Id thgt sfl mong mud'n gufi nhflng
mdn dd dd de'n vdi nhufng ngudi than ydu
cua minh d thd' gidi bdn kia. Blake (2011)
giai thich r i n g tinh khdi hfii dang ngdy
mdt hidn rd trong nhflng mong mud'n sfl
phu hoa vd tfldng tflgng, nhflng mdt nhlft
thdi vd xu hfldng thdi trang ciia thdi hien
dai. Dilu ndy du de eho tha'y ldi giai thich

Nghien ciiu Ddng Nam A 10/2012
ndy cua dng dfla ra nhflhg quy tzinh
nghidn cflu tucmg tu trong cdc euge hdnh ll
hi^n dai ciia Dao Mau.

Mdt trong nhOhg hg q u i qufi trinh hi^n
dai hda ciia Dao Miu Id sU xuat hidn cfia
thd hd d i n g mdi - Ddng dua. Nhflhg con
nhang d$ tuf truyin thdng ciia Dao Miu
thay thd hd nfiy khfi budn cudi, do cac dSng
dua diu khdng cd ngudn gdc Hen h$ chat
che vdi thd gidi tdm linh va khdng xuSt
hi^n bdi su thuc ep eua cdn ddng. Ddi vdi
nhflng vi dong ndy, hg "chgn ldm dong"
dcfn gidn vi mudn ed mgt nghi. Hg nghi
r i n g Idm ddng d thdi hign dai ndy vifa
dugc mdc dep, vfla duge sdng thoai m^.
Chinh tfl nhiihg nhu clu muu sinh vd ^ai
tri dd khuye'n khich ho lua chgn con ducfng
ndy. Ndi cfich khfic, ldm ddng Dao Miu da
trd thdnh mdt cdng viec hap dan ddi v&
nhieu ngUdi trong sd' cac ddng dua.
Hlu hd't cfic ddng mfi toi dfi phdng vSh
diu nhanh chdng nhan thflc r5 vd kh^g
dinh ban than minh Id ddng that so vdi cac
ddng dua.
Ddng Han ndi v l mdt dong dua:
Khi tdi du le len dong ciia H, tdi khdng
biet cd ta dang ldm gi. H lfi chfiu gdi cua
dong Ba. Toi dU l l cung vi tdi vdi dong Ba
Id ban. H nhay nhU tren phim phuong Tfiy
trong khi rd lfi dang mfic do quan chua Tha.
Cd mugn tiln de hfinh l l , nhflng lai vung
tiln thdt ra't nhilu trong gifi dong ciia Co,
vd chia rat nhilu tiln cho cung vfin vd hai

hau ddng. Cd Hy khdng dUtfc cac thanh ui^
hd. Cd ay cha lfi ddng dua. Tdi ciing cdc ban
ndnh se khdng bao gid dU l l cua cd ay n ^
Ban cua d i n g Hfi, co Minh Id chu m5t
trung tfim y td' tfl nhfin d Hfi Ngi. Cd ki^ffi


Vii Thj Td Anh - Tinh the tuc vd yeu to khdi hdi trong nghi le..
dflgc rfit nhieu tien nhflhg cudc sd'ng lgi
khd budn te: eon cai di du hgc, chong bdn
biu ldm dn hiem khi cd thdi gian cho cd.
Cd tim de'n Dao Mdu vd hodn todn hi
nhi&ig bd do dong Hd mdc cung dofin tuy
tiing cua d i n g den md hodc. Cd quye't dinh
trd thanh dong vi mud'n dugc dn mfic nhu
ding va nhflng ngfldi Ichdc d den. Sau ndy,
cd gfip dflgc ngfldi tinh - cung Id ngUdi
trang diem vd ldm tdc cho dong; vd dieu
ndy cdng khie'n eo gan bd hdn vdi Dao
Mdu. Ca hai ngUdi diu bi loi sd'ng eua ddng
thu hut, va nhd mgt ddng thdy giup lfim Id
nhdp ddng.
Khi hg dugc xfle dau, hp chu y thfldng
xuyen trau chudt t i ^ g bfldc trong nghi le
ldn ddng vdi sU phan khdi. Trong mat
ddng that, dong dua nhfl nhflhg chan dung
bid'm hga, vd nhflng buoi Id ndy trd nen
kem y nghia hctn hoae tham chi la vd
nghia. Den trd thanh san khau de ho the
hien sU giau cd vd mong mudn thoa man

khat vpng giau cd.

59

htfn ga'p ddi, gfi'p ba nhflhg san p h l m ciing
loai san xult d Vidt Nam. Cd giai thich "
dd ngoai bao gid chlng tdt hctn do ndi".
Tinh cd cd lan toi dfla mdt ngfldi ban My
tdi du ll ldn dong. Ban dau ehung tdi khd
de ddt vi nghi r i n g cdc dong se khdng edi
md chdo don mdt ngUdi nfldc ngoai. NhUng
ngugc lai, hoa ra cd ngUdi ban l y di cung tdi
lai tie'p cgn dugc vdi nhflhg dong cd tid'ng Id
Idid gan. Cdc dong deu td ra tU hdo vi ed
ngudi nUde ngodi dU 1§ len ddng. Chdng toi
t h l y minh dfltfc ehdo ddn vd da tham gia
hd't cdc hoat dgng trong Id. Dieu nfiy dflcfng
nhfl ciing lfim sang td tam H "sinh ngoai"
trong ngfldi Vidt cua ddng Minh.
Ddng Minh cQng ndi them;

Cac thdnh bay gid cung di My, Ue hay
Phap vi d dd cung cd eae dong. Cfic ngai
bie't nhflng san p h l m nay vd cung thich
ehung. Trfl khi khdng mua dflgc, chfl cbn
nen chuin bi tdt nhat co the. Vi du tdi hay
chon s6-c6-ia Godiva hay La Maison.
Thudc la thi chpn Ba so cua London mua d
Vdi cd Minh, nghi Id len ddng dii tidu
hang midn thue hoac hang xdch tay ma

td'n nhilu nhung lai mang de'n cho ed sfl
khdch du lieh mang ve. Nd'u md ngfldi mua
vui ve ma trfldc dd cd khdng dfldc hudng.
khdng tinh y tiu cd khi ngfldi ta lai bdn
Cd ndi r i n g ed mud'n man didn l l cua minh
cho imnh loai Ba sd cua Singapore re hctn
phai that hodnh trdng vd xa hoa de thu
nhieu (cd dgn do).
hut dUdc nhilu eon nhang de tuf tham dfl.
Xud't phat tfl nhu cau tieu thu qud tai
Sd ngudi cang nhilu cang t h l hien sU
thanh cdng cua cd. Khi phdt lgc thanh, hidn nay, hang ma diing trong nghi l l iSn
xud't ldc cho ngfldi tham dU cua nhflng dong ddng cung dflgc hien dai hda de'n chdng
khde thfldng nhd, thi qua ldc eua dong mat. Vi du nhfl cdc loai tiln giay, vdng ma
Minh rat xa xi, tdn k^m. Cd cung mong le dugc ddt dl gud tdi cdc thdnh cung dfltfc da
dang cua cdc con nhang, de tuf, vd nhflng dang hda vdi nhilu loai tiln dm phii, tiln
ngfldi tham dfl gia dong eua nunh phai dat md phong dong dd-la My, yen Nhat, dong
tiln nhfl vdy. Vi du, dd ll phai la hdng Eu-ro Chdu Au hay t i l n Viet. Le ddng cung
ngoai nhap. NhCtog mdn dd nay nhfl keo, cd nhilu loai vat dung hidn dai de giii cdc
bia, thudc la nh^p ngoai nay thflcmg d i t thdnh hay ngfldi mdi khua't nhU xe hdi.


Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 10/2012

60
didn thoai di ddng, d i n g h i deo tay, nhd
cufa hay ed nfl trang. T i t nhidn U tudng
n h i t lfi ede mdn d l l l nfiy dUgc ddng mdc
hdng higu.
Ddng Minh lai k l tidp v l k h l u chuin hi

11 ldn ddng:
Cdn dong cua ban trai cd Id phdi phuc
dich Ong Hofing Bdy. Chic chfiu bidt vi
thfinh ndy hfldng thu cudc sdng vui v&
nhudng nfio. Thd ndn Ithdng nhflng phdi
chuin bi thuyin to ngUa ldn, md lfi xe
Mercedes, ca mdy bay Boeing d l ngdi di
lai nhanh vd thodi mdi hcfn. Bgn ed mua
ddng hd Coach vd vet Bulgaria vi ngdi r l t
sdnh mfic. NhCJfng hdng ma eao c3fp nfiy d i t
hdn hdng mfi thudng. NhUhg cdc ngdi se
tinh y, chap nhdn sfl thanh tdm vd nhidt
tinh md uu tien giup chdu hdn.

ggi nfiy ddi khi cung cd tfic dung nhift dinh,
khidn cfic con nhang d$ tuf vfla f nhflhg lai
khidn nhflhg ngUdi ngodi cudc silng sdt vi
hg thify cdch cU xU ndy ciia nhflhg ngfldi lak
hg cho lfi thi^n tfim vd lfi dai di^n ciia thl
gidi tfim Hnh r l t pham thdnh.
Dilu thu vi Id, trong nhflhg cudc khlu
chidn nfiy, m6i ngfldi diu cd dinh n^iia
ridng cua minh thd ndo Id "ddng sang bong
trgng" hay "ding r l bdng dai". Mdt so
ngudi Hdn tudng ddn khdi ni$m trUdc 1^
ddng cd vd khdi nidm sau lfi dSng tdn; hay
mgt sd khdc cho riing khfii nidm trfldc
mang nghia "hiiu biit vd tinh tdo' trong
khi ngUdi sau lai Id ddng mi tin.

Nhilu ngudi cung cap thdng tin cho toi
nghi r i n g cugc t r a n h cai xem ai Id ding
thuc, cdn ai Id ddng dua khien n g i ^ ta Hdn
tudng tdi mgt cudc thi xem ai Id sd mot T i n h t h e tiic v a sii t r a i n ^ u g m x a h ^ i tinh ve sfl ndi tie'ng mfi khong cin xem
t r o n g D 9 0 M S U : V a i t r o c u a c a c d d n g nhflhg fldc mudn cua con nhang d§ bl c6
thSy v a h g t h o n g ctf c a n h
linh hay khdng. Tinh thieng cua mdt ngoi
Troi^ mdi trUdng chinh tai hidn dai, cfic d i n trfldc ddy nhfl Ifi ncri de con ngfldi giao
ddng trong Dao Mfiu nhgn dUtfc khd nhilu tie'p vdi Mau, cfic vi thdnh t h i n vfi td taen
sU thidn vi, etf efinh eung xult hidn ngdy d thd gidi bdn kia, dUdng nhfl dang bi giam
cfing nhilu quanh cfic ddng thdy. Moi ddng dan gifla nhiJhg do thi ldn.
CQng cd khi dSng khong du sflc sIm sufa
thdy diu cd mgt phe phfii rieng. Xu hUdng
ndy ngdy cdng phdt trien vd khong chi gifla nhiing le ldn vfi ton kdm, hg tfl coi lfi ddng
cdc din ehua vdi nhau, mfi trong chinh m l i thflcmg hay cbn ggi Id "tui ddng tdi bon^din cung cd nhiihg ctf cfinh khfic nhau. Su ngfldng mg cM dflhg d khd ndng vl t&i
Tfltfng tu nhu cdc doi thu chinh tri, ddng chinh vd sU linh nghidm de cd dfltfc n6, chd
cua mgt phe cfinh ndy thudng hay chi trich khdng dimg tai sU khiem t^n vfi ngh^o
ddng ciia ctf cdnh kia vfi ldi chi trich ndng khd. Nhieu ngUdi trong sd nhflng d^ng
n l nhat dugc ddng de gpi d i n g ciia ctf cfinh ddng thuong ndy ddi khi lay nghfeo lfim W
ddi thu Id "budn thdn bdn thdnh". Mdt sd the, chi trich sfl lang phi va khdng tuan
ngudi thgm chi cdn phdn bidt b l i ^ cdc so thu dung nhflhg c h u ^ kinh d i l n troi^ 1^
sfinh ggi minh Id "ddng sang bdng trgng" cua ddi thu. Hg ggi nhflng dong gidu hcfn
cbn ngudi khdc Id "dong rd bdng dgi". Cdch nhu the lfi nhflng ddng dua hay Sr^g


VQ Thi Tii Anh - Tinh the tuc vd yeu tdkhdi hdi trong nghi IS..

61

"budn thdn bdn thdnh".

Thfldng moi d i n g chi cd mdt l l md phu,
Hi^n nay, md'i quan hd gifla ddng vfi nhflng d d i ^ Huong dfi tflng cd hai ll Md
ddng t h l y da thay ddi. Vdi rat nhilu ddng, phu trong 10 ndm theo nghi. Chi k l chi
ddy Id quan he ddi tde kinh doanh chfl tflhg ldm L l tfii khda (Ll md phA thfl 2) vi
khdng phai la quan h^ thdy trd mdn dd. sau l i n md phu diu, cdng vide cua chi gdp
Nhflhg ngdi den Ifin cdn cung b i t diu true trdc, chdng vd con deu phdn ddi chi
tham gia vfio sfl xudt hi^n oua hoat ddng theo Dao Mau vd r l t nhilu chuydn khdng
nhugng quyen thUcfng mai, g i n nhfl hay khde xdy dd'n. Chi tdi hdi thl thdy bdi
ndi do ddng thfiy cila chi khdng hgp tudi vd
McDonalds hay Hfing Gd rdn KFC.
mdnh vdi chi, rli d i n chi tdi gfip mdt ddng
Vi du trong cdu chuydn chgn ddng t h l y
thdy khde hgp hon. Chi phai Ifim l l chia
phan anh ro ndt tinh the tue hda vai trd
tay vdi ddng thdy cu vd lfim mgt II Md phii
cua d i n g thay trong Dao Miu. Ngfiy nay
mdi vdi ddng thdy sau.
cfic ddng tflcfng lai Ifla chgn thfiy d l theo
Cfic con nhang d$ tCf Dao Mau thfldng
hfinh nghi rat can thdn. Trflde day thfldng
hg dflgc hg hang hay ban bd gidi thidu; nd'u len chfla ldm Id Md phu hodc len vdi ehdn
flhg y hg se bat dau xin ldm Id md phii vd td. Tuy nhidn, mdt sd ngfldi cung cap
nhgn dflgc ldi khuydn trd thfinh dg td ciia thdng tin cho chung tdi ndi r i n g vide hoa
ddng thay. Ngfiy nay, hg ehgn lUa ddng thudn vd trung thfinh vdi mdt chdn td lfi
thfiy theo nhieu tieu chf nhat dinh vd dufi rat khd vi ed luc d i n g thfiy cfl xil vdi cdc
tren dfic diem tinh cfich nhU: Id ngfldi tdt con nhang dg tuf r l t la. Cd Din, mdt con
va cd gia dinh hda thugn, chuia tflhg Iy hdn, nhang ndi vdi tdi:
cU xd dung mUc va thfinh dat. Cdc ddng
tUtfng lai thudng t h a m khao cdc tfii Hdu

chidm tinh vd cung hodng dao - nhfl ndm
sinh hay menh (kim, mdc, thiiy, hda, t h l )
ciia ding thay d l chgn thdy tdt theo hdnh
nghi. Cung cd luc hp mang ca nhflhg dilu
tham khao nay tdi cdc thay bdi de cflng
xem Ugu tudi vfi m^nh cua ddng thdy cd
hdp vdi tudi va mdnh cua minh hay khdng.
VI du mgt ddng mdi sinh vdo ndm ngg
mang mdnh hda, ed sd tim dong thdy sinh
ndm t u l t hay nam d i n , hodc mang mdnh
mdc. Dong Ha giai thich: "Nd'u khdng hgp
mgnh thi minh se ludn gdp xui trfl khi ddi
ddng thdy". Ddi khi, cfic ddng mdi chi nghe
theo ldi thdy phan vd chgn mdt ddng thdy
cd nhOhg dae dilm nhfl thfiy phfin da neu.

Cfic ddng thdy khi mdi md d i n chCia bao
gid cung td't bung, chin ehu vd nhigt tam.
Khi din chua trd ndn noi tidng hg se cfl xil
khdc b i n . Vi du, de gdp dflgc hg ciing khd
htfh, tiln tra cho hg cijaig cao htfn.
Ddng Hd chia si:
Cd nhiing ddng thdy ddi xil vdi cfic d§ tijf
khdng cdng blng. Nhflhg de tuf gidu htfn
hay thugc t i n g ldp cao hcfn dfltfc ddi xil tdt
htfh, ti nhu hg cd t h l tU chpn ngdy ldm le.
Vdo nhflhg dip ddc bigt nhU thdng ll hay
diu nfim am lich, r l t nhilu ding mud'n
Idm II, ndn d i n chua trd thfinh ndi cho
thud. Cdc ddng tra cho thay dong mdt

khodn theo dinh mflc chung de thud din
chua vfi cfic dich vu khfic. Nhflhg cung cd
nhiing ngfldi tra cao hdn, vd khdng cM


62
tdng qud hay dfla tiln eho ding thdy md
cdn cho nhflng ngfldi khdc trong din chua,
thd ndn hg dflgc UU tien. NhU kilu ai hdi lg
thi duge UU tidn vfiy.

Nghien cvtu Ddng Nam A 10/2012
hdnh 11 thfldng nidn d phu ciia ddng thdy
Ba. Chi tdn gfi'p ba lin so vdi khi hfinh II
d phu ciia thdy minh, vfi cdn phdi mugn
tiln dl lfim dfltfc II. Nhung chi cho ring
tSt nhflng chi phi phdt sinh cung chinh Id
nhflhg Itfi ich cua vi$c dUffc ldm ll d m^t
din phu ldn htfn. Tdi ndi ehuydn vdi chi
nhu vdi mdt bfi chii nhfi hfing, vl dia diem
rdi lai vi tri, vfi gifi cd phai tra cho mot vi
tri dep.

Mgt sd con nhang Dgo Miu cung ndi
ddng thfiy mud'n hg thud ngfldi ldm d din
chua dl chuin hi le vfi tigc ldc sau ll ldn
ding. Ding trUdng se trd tiln cho ngudi
cua din chua. Trfldc dfiy thfldng ngfldi ta
tinh nguygn lfim nhiihg vide ndy, nhflhg
gid Id thdi hi^n dai vd cdc din chua dd trd

Chi cung cho bidt them cfich nhin cua
thdnh cdc edng ty trd Iflcfng cho nhdn vidn. chi vl vi^c ndy khi ndi ring chi cin mci
rdng pham vi hoat ddng dl dflgc cae thdnh
Ddng Blc ke:
ldn, nhflhg ngudi thudng ngu d nhiihg ehtia
Nhfl kilu tl chflc tide efldi d khdch san, to phii ldn, biet dd'n. Ciu giai thich:
minh tra tiln de hg chuin hi he't cdn minh
Yi^c tdi thfim chua ldn cung quan trpng
chi tdi Idm nhan vat chinh.
vi nhu the se liy dUtfc ldng cdc vi d dd. Ndu
Ddng Han ndi ro hctn;
khong tdi thfim sao cdc vi bilt minh m&
O mdt sd ncfi, de dflgc quyen hdnh ll, giup dUtfc?
minh phai thud tdi cac dich vu d dd nhfl
hlu dang, dfin nhac hay ngfldi hfit. Cd Ket l u ^
nhiihg ndi ldm ll ldn ding td'n htfn nhilu
Ngfiy nay, nhiihg nghi le Dao Mau van
so vdi d nhflng chiia nhd. Dd thudng Id
dfltfc duy tri. Cdc nghi ll dUtfc duy tri dfldi
chua to phu ldn, mpi ngUdi diu mud'n dUdc
nhiihg hinh thflc dflgc cdc ctf quan dhk
hdnh ll d dd.
nfldc cdng nhdn lfi sinh hoat tin ngfldng
Bat chfi'p nhiihg trai nghigm khdng hfii vfin hda dan gian truyen thdng, Id mdt
Idng d din, ddng Han vln hop U hda hdnh phin di sin vfin hda \^$t Nam. Tuy nhien
vi ciia cdc dong din vl han che diing din dfldi tdc dgng eua qufi trinh hien dai h6a
dl td chflc nghi le nlu ddng vd ddt mflc gifi vfi cdng ngh^ hda d thd' ki XXI, yd'u td tam
thud din rd't cao eho cdc eon nhang dd til linh ciia nhC&ig nghi le dfi it nhilu suy
mudn thue. Din chua trong Dao mau ciing gidm vd bi thay thd bdi tinh the tuc du6i
vi the mfi bit diu cd nhflhg chflc ndng nhfl cdc hinh thflc khdi hfii, giai tri vd thfldng

nhd vfin hda hay khdch san, dflgc dung mai. Khdng phai ai cung coi cdc nghi ll
trong cdc le nghi thfldng ngdy dfldi hinh ndy Id cdch Hdn lac vdi thd gidi ben kia, dl
thflc tdm Hnh, miin Id ngfldi thud tra du dfldc td tien chi dudng ddn ldi hay elu xin
tiln va diing ngfldi nhfi den lo Ueu cdng tac Thfinh Miu dieu gi; din chua cui^ khong
hau cin cho cdc nghi le.
chi Id ndi de tim dfldc sU an ui hay khuyen
Ddng Hfi nhd lai nfim 2010 chi td chflc nhii, mfi cdn lfi ntfi vui chdi giai tri vd hoat


Vu Thi Tu Anh - Tinh the tuc vd yeu tdkhdi hdi trong nghi li...
ddng kinh doanh hidu qua nhd vdo uy Hnh
cua than thanh.

63

TAX L I E U THAM K H A O

Ndu trUde kia nghi Id len ddng thudng
duge diing de truyin tdi mdt thdng di^p
tdm linh ro rfing, thi gid ddy mSi nghi ll ed
the hdm chfla nhieu dgng thdng di|p vd gid
tri khdc nhau cd I n h hfldng khdng nhd tdi
cdc khia cgnh t r i n tuc, ddi thfldng. Nhimg
sfl thay ddi nfiy chi ro hctn y nghia eua Dao
Mdu trong tinh gidi tri cua cdc sinh hogt
fan ngiOng, tdn gido. Chung tdi eho r i n g
cdc sinh hoat tdn gido, nghi II vd vide thd
phung ed y nghia tdm linh ludn hdm chfla
gid tri giai tri mang tinh the tuc. Dieu ndy
minh chflng cho sfl trai nghiem phong phu

cua ngfldi phu nfl theo Dgo Mdu.

1. Huizinga, JoHdn .1950 (2000). Homo
Ludens; a Study of the Play-element in
Culture. Boston: The Beacon Press.
2. Ngd Dflc Thinh.2001. Tin ngu9ng vd vdn
hda tin ngflStag d Yi^t Nam [The BeUef and
the Cultural Belief in Vietnam]. Hdn$i:
Nhd xult bdn Khoa hoc Xa hOi. 2004
3. Dao Mau vd cdc hlnh thflc shaman trong
cdc toe ngif&i d Yi^t Nam vd chdu A [The
Mother Goddess Religion and Some
Shamanistie Foims of Ethnic Groups in
\^etnam and Asia]. HdnQi: Nhd xult bfin
Khoa hoc Xa hpi.
4.
Nortan,
Barley.2000.Vietnamese
Mediumship
Ritual:
The
Musical
Construction of the Spirits. The World of
Music 42(2):75-97.

Phan tich v l tinh gidi tri cua Dgo Mdu
khdng chi eung cap dfl Hdu ve mpt khia
canh khde trong ddi sdng cua phu nfl theo
Dao Mdu ma cdn U giai each thflc nd duge
t h l hidn qua sinh hoat tdn gido Dao Miu

vfi dUtfc phu nfl trong Dgo Mdu ddnh gifi
cao trong ddi sd'ng eua hg nhfl thd nfio. Ndi
cfich khfic, chung tdi cho r i n g Dao Miu lfi
mgt bieu hien ciia tinh t h i n vui ve ciia
ngfldi Yiet - qua kha nfing sdng lac quan vd
bie't tan hfldng trong dieu kidn cho phdp;
biet chiu dflhg sfl thie'u thdn vdi mdt thdi
dd hdm hinh. Nhiihg phan tich vl tinh
t h i n vui ve ay ciing cho ta cfii nhin cgn
canh cung vdi nguIn dfl Ueu dli ddo vl vain
dl "trao quyln" cung nhfl tinh t h i n ngUdi
Viet, dae bidt la tdi cdc phu nfl theo Dao
Mau. Sflc manh tam linh cung vdi tinh
t h i n vui ve tfldng nhU khdi hdi, phu phiem
nhflhg lai chinh la ngudn trao quyln Iflc
m l m va sfl trai nghiem quyln Iflc m l m eua
hp trong ddi sdng thfldng ngay7.

5. O'neill, Maura .1990. Women Speaking,
Women Listeniog: Women in Interreligious
Dialogue. New York: Orbis Books.
6. Rappaport, Roy. 1999. Sharma, Arvind and
Young, Katherine. Eds. 2003. Her Voice,
Her Faith: Women Speak on World
Religions. Boulder: Westview Press.
7. Tu Anh T. Vu. 2011. Dao Miu Religious
Practices: The Soft Power and Everyday
Lives of Women in Contemporary Yet. A
Dissertation. Hawaii University at Manoa.
8. Taylor. Keith . 1987. The Birth of Vietnam.

Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
California Press.
9. Taylor, Philip, ed. 2008. Modernity and Reenchdntment: Religion in Post-revolutionary
Vietnam. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
10. Taylor, Philip.
2000. Fragments of
the Present: Searching for Modernity in
Vietnam's South. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press. 2002.
11. The Ethnicity of EfScacy: Vietnamese
Goddess Worship and the Encoding of
Popular Histories. Asian Ethnirity 3(1): 85102. 2004. Goddess on the Rise. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press.