GIAO AN E12N08

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(1)PHẦN I – STRESS – TRỌNG ÂM RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM. TIẾT 1. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. Definitions: 1. Phoneme: The smallest part of sound (vowel and consonant sounds) Âm tố - là thành phần nhỏ nhất của âm thanh (gồm nguyên âm và phụ âm) 2. Syllable: The sound made when one or clusters of phoneme are articulated. Âm tiết – là tiếng phát ra khi một hoặc nhiều âm tố được phát âm. 3. Stress: The degree of the loudness or prominence with which a sound ort a word is pronounced. Độ. lớn hay thống trị về âm của một âm tiết khi một chùm âm của một từ (có từ hai âm tiết trở lên) được đọc, nói hay phát âm. II. Rules to mark stress: 1. Di-syllable words: a. Usually on the second syllable if it is a verb whose second syllable doesn’t contain the vowel sounds of /ә/, /I/, and /әu/, on the first syllable of the other words. (trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 đối với động từ - trừ các âm tiết thứ 2 chứa nguyên âm /ә/, /I/, hoặc /әu/, rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất đối với các từ loại còn lại). As: mother, ready, color, palace, student, teacher, tonight, afraid, people, money, enjoy, paper, begin, provide, summer, abroad, noisy, success, enter,… b. Usually on the root syllables with words having suffixes or prefixes(đối với những từ có mang tiền tố, hậu tố, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết gốc). As: become, react, foretell, unpleasant, begin, failure, threaten, daily, treatment, ruler, unknown, builder, lately, quickly,… c. Be careful with words with different word-class. (đối với những từ mà bản thân có nhiều chức năng từ vựng ta áp dụng qui tắc a). As Verb Other words Verb Other words Verb Other words rebel rebel record record conflict conflict progress progress export export permit permit suspect suspect conduct conduct. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.. PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 1 Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group. A. paper B. tonight C. lecture D. story A. money B. army C. afraid D. people A. enjoy B. daughter C. provide D. decide A. begin B. pastime C. finish D. summer A. abroad B. noisy C. hundred D. quiet A. passion B. aspect C. medium D. success A. exist B. evolve C. enjoy D. enter A. doctor B. modern C. corner D. Chinese A. complain B. machine C. music D. instead A. writer B. baker C. builder D. career A. provide B. adopt C. happen D. inspire A. result B. region C. river D. robot A. constant B. basic C. irate D. obvious A. become B. carry C. appoint D. invent A. engine B. battle C. career D. rabies A. attract B. destroy C. level D. occur A. spaceship B. planet C. solar D. surround A. brilliant B. daily C. extreme D. protein A. appoint B. gather C. threaten D. vanish A. button B. canal C. failure D. monster.

(2) TIẾT 2. RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM. Ngày soạn:. /. /. Ngày giảng:. /. /. 2. Words with more than two syllable: a. Usually on the 3rd syllables from the end (trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thư ba kể từ âm tiết cuối): As. family, cinema, regular, singular, international, satisfactory, recognize, demonstrate, qualify, psychology, biologist, biology, democracy, responsibility… b. Usually on the 2nd syllables from the end with words ending in “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”, “ual”, “eous”, “ious”, “iar”, “ion”(đối với các từ có tận cùng như đã liệt kê, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết liền trước của các tận cùng này – thứ 2 kể từ âm tiết cuối). As: physician, experience, expedient, parental, essential, habitual, courageous, delicious, familiar,… (Except for: Television) c. Usually on the suffixes “ese”, “ee’, “eer”, “ier”, “ette”, “oo”, “esque” (đối với các từ có tận cùng như liệt kê, trọng âm thường rơi vào chính các âm tiết chứa các tận cùng này). As: Portuguese, refugee, employee, engineer, volunteer, adequate, picturesque, cigarette,…. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Notes:. PRACTICE EXERCISE 2 - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 2 Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group. A. interesting B. surprising C. amusing D. successful A. understand B. engineer C. benefit D. Vietnamese A. aP.Plicant B. uniform C. yesterday D. employment A. dangerous B. parachute C. popular D. magazine A. beautifully B. intelligent C. redundancy D. discovery A. comfortable B. employment C. important D. surprising A. variety B. irrational C. industrial D. characterize A. colorful B. equality C. dictionary D. vegetable A. elegant B. regional C. musical D. important A. difference B. suburban C. internet D. character A. beautiful B. effective C. favorite D. popular A. attraction B. government C. borrowing D. visit A. difficulty B. individual C. population D. unemployment A. biology B. redundancy C. interviewer D. comparative A. conversation B. isolation C. traditional D. situation A. capital B. tradition C. different D. opera A. inventor B. physicist C. president D. gardener A. biology B. interviewer C. redundancy D. America A. encourage B. consider C. constitute D. inhabit A. industry B. holiday C. adventure D. certainty - Trên thực tế không có một qui tắc bất biến cho việc xác định vị trí trọng âm của từ. - Việc xác định trọng âm cần thực hiện cùng cách phát âm, dựa nhiều vào kinh nghiệm. - Những bài tập được cung cấp là những bài tập có tần suất sử dụng lớn để soạn đề thi.. TIẾT 3 + 4 Ngày soạn:. PRACTICE EXERCISE 3 - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 3 /. /. Ngày giảng:. /. /. Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.. A. continue A. altogether A. professor A. mathematics A. evolution A. another A. evaporate A. gravity A. abandon A. activity A. disease A. remedy A. pneumonia A. persuade. B. disaP.Pear B. capacity B. digestion B. biology B. development B. energy B. temperature B. professor B. discover B. epidemic B. humor B. exercise B. activity B. reduce. C. imagine C. eventually C. mechanic C. experiment C. discovery C. centigrade C. impossible C. pyramid C. imagine C. philosopher C. cancer C. pollution C. psychiatrist C. offer. D. inhabit D. particular D. engine D. philosophy D. philosopher D. gravity D. experiment D. remedy D. satisfy D. significance D. treatment D. surgery D. ordinary D. apply.

(3) 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73.. A. expression A. farmer A. cattle A. money A. borrow A. government A. paper A. interesting A. element A. damage A. biology A. ancient A. person A. eternal A. ruler A. revolution A. sentence A. bacteria A. attack A. pyramid A. accompany A. provide A. cinema A. design A. exercise A. excellent A. beautiful A. theatre A. amuse A. especially A. policeman A. advice A. prepare A. famous A. vacation A. theatre A. picture A. museum A. performance A. yesterday A. memory A. sorry A. interest A. policeman A. vegetable A. homework A. uncle A. every A. produce A. vegetable A. coffee A. eleven A. preparation A. leather A. mirror A. discovery A. descendant A. resounding A. difference. B. successful B. farewell B. country B. machine B. agree B. condition B. police B. important B. enormous B. destroy B. intelligent B. attack B. purpose B. enormous B. river B. responsible B. suggest B. dangerous B. defeat B. pharaoh B. responsibility B. improve B. telephone B. garage B. example B. exactly B. elephant B. unknown B. imagine B. beautifully B. performer B. beauty B. practice B. curious B. colleague B. career B. business B. cinema B. unknown B. tonight B. article B. tractor B. remember B. semester B. interesting B. lesson B. machine B. evening B. money B. university B. farmer B. elephant B. decoration B. paper B. invent B. calculator B. environment B. recompense B. deficit. C. physical C. factory C. canal C. many C. await C. parliament C. people C. increasing C. animal C. demand C. environment C. alive C. possess C. enemy C. retire C. renovation C. species C. government C. believe C. animal C. environment C. contain C. department C. market C. holiday C. dangerous C. already C. absence C. interest C. quickly C. engineer C. picture C. prevent C. anxious C. pupil C. cinema C. stranger C. hospital C. visit C. today C. newspaper C. police C. assemble C. exercise C. volleyball C. detect C. rubber C. potato C. improve C. Wednesday C. paper C. energy C. television C. iron C. wallet C. aero-plane C. ornamental C. reconcile C. reference. D. prevention D. fairy D. cover D. mother D. prepare D. fortunate D. purpose D. implying D. elephant D. deny D. infrastructure D. across D. pirate D. Egyptian D. rapid D. regulation D. system D. interesting D. happen D. possession D. parliament D. borrow D. restaurant D. village D. stadium D. wonderful D. usually D. dinner D. surprise D. lately D. assistant D. postcard D. provide D. delicious D. teacher D. gallery D. return D. concert D. confirm D. tomorrow D. edition D. fireman D. resemble D. attendance D. detective D. tennis D. butter D. factory D. because D. television D. deliver D. envelope D. exhibition D. ceramics D. engine D. difficulty D. delivery D. recognize D. deficiency.

(4) 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.. TIẾT 5 + 6. A. devilish A. arithmetic A. honorable A. militarism A. suP.Port A. apology A. oblivious A. librarian A. architect A. utterance A. ferocious A. occurrence. B. transparent B. aristocrat B. intimacy B. infected B. colleague B. apparent B. ferocious B. respectable B. pioneer B. attendance B. adventure B. particular. C. glorify C. artificial C. participate C. eventual C. bilingual C. adverbial C. scandalous C. terrific C. military C. performance C. Orient C. spectator. D. luxury D. argument D. interviewer D. community D. evaluate D. advocate D. victorious D. terrorist D. principal D. reluctance D. achievement D. preference. PHẦN I - PRONUNCIATION CHART – BẢNG PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ.

(5) Ngày soạn:. /. /. Sounds Letters Words Vowel sounds (nguyên âm) / I/ i sit e pretty a village y happy /i:/ ea lead ee meet /e/ e send ea head a many / æ/ a land /o/ o pot a wash /o:/ or fork aw saw // a cash u shut o some ou tough /a:/ ar card ear heart /u/ u pull ou could oo good /u:/ u pollution oe shoe oo moon ui fruit / ә/ er reader or actor / з:/ er prefer ir shirt ur hurt or word ear heard Diphthongs (chùm nguyên âm) / ei/ a case ei eight ai maid ay say / ai/ i kite y sky / oi/ oi soil oy employ / au/ ou mouse ow now / әu/ o cold ow slow ew sew. Ngày giảng:. Notes Đọc i ngắn, gần với ơ Đọc i dài Đọc e tròn môi. Đọc o tròn ngắn Đọc o tròn vang họng Đọc a, ă, â ngắn bật. Đọc a rộng miệng Đọc u tròn môi, ngắn âm, gần ư. Đọc u ngân dài, vang âm Đọc ơ ngắn vòm Đọc ơ dài, âm họng và vòm miệng. Đọc ê hay ây, âm kép dài Đọc ai như âm Việt Đọc oi như âm Việt Âm au như âm Việt Đọc như Việt. âu âm. /. /. Sounds Letters Words Notes Gần ch / t∫/ ch choice Gần c / k/ k kitchen trong c concert âm ch chemist Việt q conquest Gần h / h/ h hike wh whoop Voiced consonants (phụ âm hữu thanh) Gần b / b/ b boy Gần v / v/ v visit f of Gần d // th them Gần đ / d/ d done ed lived Gần gi / z/ z zebra s visit Không s vision / Ʒ/ Không /dƷ/ g germ Gần g / g/ g gift Gần l /l/ l little Gần m /m/ m monk Gần n /n/ n name Gần ng / ŋ/ n think ng sing Gần r /r/ r rural Không /w/ w with wh when Gần /j/ j jam gi y young u music Âm /ф/ h honest câm, k knight không b comb có âm p pneumo Clusters of consonants (chùm phụ âm) Chùm /s+/ /sp/ spray phụ /st/ start âm với /sk/ school s /sf/ sphere /sm/ small /sn/ snow /sw/ sweet /sj/ super Chùm /p+/ /pl/ plump phụ /pr/ proud âm p+ /pj/ pure Chùm /t+/ /tr/ train phụ /tw/ twice âm t+ /tj/ tube.

(6) Đọc ia như hear âm Việt here Âm e-ơ / eә/ there ngân, âm fare lưỡi họng. hair Đọc ua / uә/ tour Nguyên /aiә/ tire âm ba ai-ơ tyre buyer Đọc âu-ơ / әuә/ slower Đọc ao-ơ / auә/ shower hay au-ơ flour Đọc ây-ơ / eiә/ prayer hay ê-ơ greyer Đọc oi-ơ / oiә/ employe âm Việt r oyal loyal Voiceless consonants (phụ âm vô thanh) Gần p Việt / p/ p pen Gần ph / f/ f five như âm ph physics Việt gh laugh Gần // th throw Gần t bật / t/ t teach hơi ed looked Gần x, âm / s/ s site sát nhẹ c centre Gần s, âm /∫/ sh sheep tắc sát bật ch machine hơi s sugar. / iә/. ear ere ere are air our ire yre yer ower ower our ayer eyer oyer. Chú ý: -. /b+/ /g+/ /d+/ /f+/. /+/ Các kết hợp khác. /kl/ /kr/ /kw/ /kj/ /bl/ /br/ /bj/ /gl/ /gr/ /dr/ /dw/ /dj/ /fl/ /fr/ /fj/. class cream quite cure blow bring burial glass grow dream dwell duty flow fry furious. /r/ /w/ /vj/ /mj/ /∫r/ /nj/ /spr/ /spl/ /skr/ /str/ /skj/ /stj/ /spj/ /skw/. throw thwart view mute shrimp nude spread splash scream stream scuba student spume square. Chùm phụ âm k+ Chùm phụ âm b+ Âm g+ Chùm phụ âm d+ Chùm phụ âm f+ Âm. + Các ví dụ chỉ mang tính minh họa, học sinh cần nhớ con chư đại diện âm.. Các biểu tượng cấu âm ở các từ điển khác nhau có sự khác biệt nhỏ. Âm biến đổi phụ thuộc vào ngữ cảnh và chức năng từ vựng, chức năng biểu cảm của âm. Hiện tượng các từ khác nhau phát âm giống nhau gọi là đồng âm khác nghĩa “homonym”.. TIẾT 7 + 8 Ngày soạn:. /k+/. PRACTICE EXERCISE 4 – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 4 /. /. Ngày giảng:. /. /. Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.. A. candy A. earning A. pays A. given A. cough A. accident A. this A. gas A. bought A. spear A. forks A. handed A. car A. within A. has A. drunkard A. kites. B. sandy B. learning B. stays B. risen B. tough B. jazz B. thick B. gain B. naught B. gear B. tables B. booked B. coach B. without B. bag B. postcard B. catches. C. many C. searching C. says C. ridden C. rough C. stamp C. maths C. germ C. plough C. fear C. beds C. translated C. century C. clothing C. dad C. remark C. oranges. D. handy D. clearing D. plays D. whiten D. enough D. watch D. thin D. good D. thought D. pear D. windows D. visited D. cooperate D. strengthen D. made D. discard D. buzzes.

(7) 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.. A. student A. wealth A. brilliant A. flouride A. surgeon A. feather A. geology A. idiom A. children A. both A. helped A. name A. blood A. deaf A. comb A. thick A. flour A. dictation A. dew A. asked A. smells A. chooses A. decided A. head A. blood A. height A. through A. fought A. moon A. any A. height A. book A. pan A. table A. host A. there A. dear A. work A. name A. page A. count A. noon A. how A. harm A. brought A. call A. measure A. alone A. timid A. trousers A. whisper A. cleaned A. churched A. church A. push A. lamb A. winding A. machine A. stay. B. stupid B. cloth B. trip B. hidden B. agent B. leather B. psychology B. ideal B. child B. myth B. booked B. natural B. food B. of B. plumb B. though B. hour B. repetition B. knew B. helped B. cuts B. pauses B. hatred B. break B. tool B. fine B. them B. country B. pool B. apple B. like B. blood B. woman B. lady B. most B. chair B. beard B. coat B. flame B. game B. sound B. tool B. town B. wash B. ought B. curtain B. decision B. home B. tidy B. route B. waste B. played B. chimney B. choir B. pull B. comb B. windy B. washing B. pay. C. study C. with C. tripe C. arid C. engine C. feature C. classify C. item C. mild C. with C. hoped C. native C. moon C. leaf C. climb C. thank C. pour C. station C. sew C. kissed C. opens C. rises C. sacred C. bread C. moon C. tidy C. threaten C. bought C. door C. hat C. buy C. look C. sad C. labor C. cost C. clear C. beer C. go C. man C. go C. found C. blood C. power C. call C. thought C. cell C. pleasure C. go C. timer C. shout C. husband C. snowed C. check C. choice C. rush C. lumber C. finish C. brush C. cake. D. studio D. marathon D. tip D. lid D. regard D. measure D. photography D. identical D. wild D. sixth D. waited D. nation D. pool D. wife D. disturb D. think D. sour D. question D. few D. played D. plays D. horses D. warned D. breath D. spool D. cliff D. thunder D. ought D. cool D. cat D. hair D. foot D. man D. captain D. post D. hair D. heard D. know D. fame D. gift D. shouted D. spoon D. slow D. talk D. though D. contain D. permission D. foul D. kite D. amount D. inspiration D. brushed D. cholera D. chess. D. butcher D. debt D. spin D. chin D. quay.

(8) 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.. A. find A. wanted A. booked A. wants A. rakes A. briefcases A. theme A. hot A. that A. fat A. name A. bear A. last A. page A. find A. bush A. clothes A. wrong A. food A. why A. cure A. corn A. brother A. here. TIẾT 9 + 10 Ngày soạn:. PHẦN III /. B. style B. provided B. canned B. says B. boats B. oranges B. there B. got B. make B. hate B. fame B. clear B. fast B. game B. bite B. push B. gone B. watch B. look B. myth B. tube B. cup B. breathing B. mere. C. tonight C. painted C. begged C. looks C. pens C. judges C. thin C. mode C. take C. had C. man C. fear C. taste C. go C. since C. pull C. drove C. shop C. took C. type C. amuse C. can C. either C. there. - PARTS OF SPEECH -. /. Ngày giảng:. D. mid-term D. opened D. bottomed D. laughs D. traps D. rules D. thank D. shot D. cake D. mad D. frame D. hear D. task D. gift D. drive D. brush D. ghost D. love D. good D. psychology D. pull D. cede D. death D. atmosphere. BỘ PHẬN NGÔN NGỮ (TỪ VỰNG). /. /. I. NOUNS (N): DANH TỪ 1. Definition: To call out the names of things, objects, actions, or movements… (dùng để gọi tên sự vật, hiện tượng) 2. Functions: (chức năng) Subject (S)(chủ ngữ): Gender of a verb (A teacher usually works at school) Object (O)(tân ngữ): Follow verbs or prepositions (He buys some cakes for his birthday party) Complement (C)(bổ ngữ): Make the complementation (She was a famous singer) Compounds (Co)(danh từ ghép): summer holiday, birthday cakes,… Possessive cases (Pc)(dạng sở hữu cách): the boss’s car, his teacher’s remarks,… Noun phrases (Np)(cụm danh từ kết hợp tự do): Free words combination or compounds 3. Plural forms: dạng thức biến đổi số nhiều. 3.1.. Adding “s” to almost count-nouns: thêm ‘s’ vào sau hầu hết các danh từ, đọc /s/ và /z/ a table a student a house. tables student s houses. a dog an orange a cat. dogs orange s cats. an apple an umbrella an egg. apples umbrella s eggs. 3.2. Adding “es” to the count-nouns that end in “ s, ss, sh, ch, o, x ” with /iz/ or /z/ sound: thêm ‘es’ a bus a dish a watch 3.3.. buses dishes watches. potatoes boxes tomatoe s. a class a wish a torch. classes wishes torches. Adding “ies” to the count-nouns that end in “y” with its preceding consonants: them ‘ies’ singular a lorry a story. 3.4.. a potato a box a tomato plural lorries stories. singular a lady a baby. plural ladies babies. Adding “ves” to the count-nouns that end in “f, fe”: đổi ‘f’, ‘fe’ thành ‘ves’ singular a wife a knife. plural wives knives. singular a leaf a loaf. plural leaves loaves.

(9) 3.5.. Irregular changes: dạng biến đổi bất qui tắc singular a man a child. plural men children. singular a louse a medium. plural Singular plural lice a woman women medi an ox oxen a a tooth teeth a mouse mice a goose geese 3.6. Collective noun: crew, family, group, team,…(singular or plural form, either singular or plural verb) danh từ tổ hợp, có thể coi là số ít hoặc số nhiều, dùng động từ dạng số ít hoặc nhiều. 3.7. Always plural form-nouns: luôn tồn tại dưới hình thức số nhiều. clothes police breeches Pants pyjamas trousers scissors pliers (kìm) binoculars glasses scales shears (kéo cắt cỏ) arms damages earnings goods greens (vegetable) outskirts savings pains (trouble, effort) spirits surroundings stairs valuables athletics ethics mathematics physics politics 3.8. Unchanged the names of creatures: deer, sheep, calf, cod, pike, plaice, salmon, squid, trout, turbot (these nouns can take either singular or plural verbs) hình thức số ít, nhiều không đổi. 3.9. Plural form but singular verb-noun: news, mumps (bệnh sưng quai hàm), billiards, bowls – hình thức số nhiều nhưng sử dụng như số ít. 4. Uncountable nouns: Danh từ không đếm được. 4.1. Substances: vật chất bread dust. beer gin. cloth glass. coffee gold. cream soap. Ice Stone. sand water. wood jam. wine oil. paper tea. 4.2. Abstract nouns: danh từ không đếm được advice fear 4.3.. beauty help. courage hope. death horror. experience knowledge. information mercy. suspicion pity. Others: một số danh từ khác. baggage camping damage Furniture luggage parking shopping work Weather 4.4. Notes: Particular sense of uncountable nouns: một số danh từ không đếm được lại có mạo từ 4.4.1. a help: A great help to + O (He gave a great help to our family) 4.4.2. a relief: A relief to + V (That gave me a relief to continue my study) 4.4.3. a knowledge: A good/ bad knowledge of + N (Pete has got a good knowledge of history) 4.4.4. a dislike / dread / hatred / horror / love of + …(He had a great love for funny stories) 4.4.5. a mercy / pity / shame / wonder + that…(It’s a pity that I couldn’t come) 4.4.6. a fear/ fears; a hope/ hopes; a suspicion/ suspicions: We have a suspicion / suspicions that no one will agree to help. 5. Compound nouns: danh từ ghép 5.1. Noun-noun: Hanoi-capital; hall-door; hitch-hiker; kitchen-table; traffic light; winter clothes; 5.2. Noun-gerund: fruit-picking; weight-lifting; lorry-driving; bird-watching; coal-mining; surf5.3. Gerund-noun: waiting-list; landing card; driving board; dining room; driving license;….. 5.4. Free combination: sự kết hợp tự do - shop window; church bell; picture frame; garden gate; college library; gear level;… - city street; corner shop; country lane; … - summer holiday; spring flowers; Sunday paper; dawn chorus; November fog; … - steel door; stone wall; silk shirt;…/ - coffee cup; golf club; chess board; football ground;… - fish-farm; gold-mine; oil-rig; …/ - football match; beauty contest; pop music;… 6. Suffixes: các hậu tố dùng để tạo danh từ. 6.1. er/ or/ ist/ ant/ ee/…: teacher, visitor, terrorist, vegetarian, aP.Plicant, employee,… 6.2. ent/ ce/ ion/ ism/ ance/ age/…: government, difference, action, capitalism, assistance, marriage,… 6.3. hood/ dom/ ship/ ness/ iety/…: neighborhood, freedom, friendship, sadness, variety,.. 6.4. ility/ ing/ al/ our/ y/…: possibility, fishing, refusal, arrival, behavior, difficulty,…. II. VERBS (V) 1. Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of sentences. 2. Classification: phân loại động từ 2.1. Auxiliary verbs: động từ trợ 2.1.1. Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ do (These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs) 2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ be. relief.

(10) going to + base form/ used to + base form/ ought to + base form/(These are sometimes functional verbs) 2.2. Lexical verbs: động từ mang nghĩa 2.2.1. Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is selfish) 2.2.2. Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/ They are helpful) 2.2.3. Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and make sentences meaningful without any complementation. e.g. She cried (noisily). It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cats and dogs) 2.2.4. Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation. a. Mono-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object (S+V+O). e.g. She bought flowers. Ann met her fiance’ yesterday. b. Di-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by both direct and indirect objects. (S+V+O+O) e.g. She bought me some sweets. (= She bought some sweets for me) They gave me a big cake. (=They gave a big cake to me) c. Complex transitive verbs: follow the form “S + V + O + Co” e.g. He made me angry. d. Affixations: phụ tố để tạo động từ 3.1. en: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or lead to ) e.g. danger…….to endanger wide……....to widen rich………..to enrich courage……to encourage length……to lengthen broad ……..to broaden 3.2. ize/ ise: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or develop, or specify) e.g. modern……to modernize industrial….to industrialize minimum….to minimize maximum….to maximize capital……..to capitalize natural……..to naturalize 3. Sentence models: 4.1 S + V-intrans They laugh/ The wind is blowing. 4.2 S + V-monotrans + O He did his homework/ Harley carried an umbrella. 4.3 S + V-in/ extensive + Cs He became famous/ They are nearly exhausted. 4.4 S + V-intrans + A He went abroad/ She arrives late. 4.5 S + V-ditrans + O + O She buys me presents/ That brings my father success. 4.6 S + V-complex trans + O + C The story made me bored/ You drive me mad. 4.7 S + V-intrans + A + A She went to school early/ He came to the park in the early morning.. TIẾT 11 + 12 Ngày soạn:. PHẦN III /. /. - PARTS OF SPEECH - BỘ PHẬN NGÔN NGỮ (TỪ VỰNG) Ngày giảng:. /. /. III. ADJECTIVES (ADJ) 1. Kinds (Classification): phân loại 1.1 Main kinds: phân loại chính a. Demonstrative: this, that, those, these. b. Distributive: each, every, either, neither. c. Quantitative: some, any, no, little, few, many, much, numbers. d. Interrogative: which, what, whose. e. Possessive: my, your, his, her, our, its, their f. Quality: clever, dry, fat, golden, heavy,… 1.2 Participles: phân từ a. present: ING-form boring, interesting, exciting,…(for objects) b. past: ED-form broken, tired, bored,…(for human-beings) c. Notes: Present participles are different from gerund e.g He was fishing./ His hobby is fishing. 2. Functions (Position): chức năng hay vị trí 2.1. Noun-subordinator: (bổ nghĩa cho danh từ) a new book, a kind lady, a large room,… 2.2. Verb-complementation: (bổ nghĩa cho động từ) Follow the certain verbs as be, become, seem aP.Pear, feel, get, grow (become), keep, look (aP.Pear), make, smell, sound, taste, turn,… But some verbs can take either an adjective or an adverb: Eg: - He looks calm (=He himself is calm) - He looks calmly at the angry crowd (= He shows no attitude to the angry crowd) 3. Comparison forms: cấp so sánh 3.1. Positive degree: so sánh bằng as + adjs + as Eg: - She is as tall as my wife. - Peter was as hard-working as I was (me). 3.2. Comparative degree: so sánh hơn 3.2.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết adjs-ER + than Eg: - Lan is shorter than Na - She was better at English than we were (us) 3.2.2. Multisyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết more + adjs + than.

(11) Eg: - She was more hard-working than us. - We are more intelligent than him. 3.3. Superlative degree: so sánh hơn nhất 3.3.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết the adjs-EST Eg: - Nam is the best in our class. - She was the kindest lady I’ve ever met. 3.3.2. Multisyllable- adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết the most + adjs Eg: - Sharol was the most intelligent in my group. - She is the most hard-working girl I’ve ever known. Notes: For adjectives ending in “er”, “y”, “ly”, or the irregular cases: Adjective Comparative Superlative Adjective Comparative Superlative clever cleverer the cleverest bad Worse the worst pretty prettier the prettiest far Farther/ further the farthest/ furthest happy haP.Pier the haP.Piest little Less the least silly sillier the silliest man / More the most much good better the best old older/ elder the oldest/ eldest 3.4. Parallel: so sánh song song và so sánh thăng tiến - “The…..the”: The older she gets, the wiser she become. - And: It’s getting darker and darker. She has now more and more free time. - Gerunds/ infinitives: Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a bike. It’s nicer/ better/ more fun to go with someone than to go alone 3.5. Like/ alike: Tom is very like Bill. Tom and Bill are alike. 3.6. Like/ as: He swims like a fish. You look like a ghost. Do as I told you. 3.7. Like + N/ as + N: He worked like a slave (He worked very hard/ He wasn’t a slave). He worked as a slave (He was a slave in fact). 3.8. The adjectives: The rich, the poor,… 4. Clauses: các mệnh đề danh tính ngữ 4.1. That – clause: It is disappointed that he failed the exam./ It’s better that someone should tell him. 4.2. find/ think/ believe + that it + adjs + to + V: I found that it is impossible to start now./ She thought that it was silly to ask him to stay. 4.3. It be + adjs + (of O) + infinitives: a. Character: brave, careless, cowardly (nhút nhát), cruel, generous, good, nice (=kind), mean, rude, selfish... b. Sense: clever, foolish, idiotic (ngu), intelligent, sensible (nhạy bén), silly, stupid,… 4.4. Pronoun + be + adjs + noun + infinitives: Using the above adjectives and: astonishing, curious, ridiculous (lố bịch), unreasonable, funny(=strange), odd (lập dị), pointless, useful, useless,… - That’s the amazing idea to show. - It was an unreasonable result to accept. 4.5. It’s + adjs + infinitives: advisable, inadvisable, better, best, desirable, essential, good, important, necessary, unnecessary, vital (tất yếu),… 4.6. It be + adjs + (for O) + infinitives: convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, possible, important, safe,… 4.7. S + be + adjs + infinitives : - Angry, delighted, dismayed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sorry, sad,… ( S + be + glad/ happy/ sorry/ sad/… + to say/ tell/ inform; Others adjs + to find/ learn/ hear/ see/…) - Able, unable, apt, inclined, liable, prone, prepared, quick, reluctant, slow, ready, willing, 4.8. Special cases: các cấu trúc đặc biệt - Due: (time) >The race is due to start in 5 minutes. (sắp xảy ra) - Due to: a result of >The accident was due to his carelessness.(vì, do bởi) - Owing to: because of >owing to his carelessness, we had an accident. (bởi vì, do bởi) - Certain/ sure + to V= opinion >He is sure to take legal action. (chắc là – suy đoán) - Certain/ sure that + (clause) = opinion >I am certain that the price will be higher. (chắc là – suy đoán) - Certain/ sure/ confident of + N/G: He was sure of entering the haunted house.(quyêt tâm) - Bound + to V= obligation > We were bound to leave. - Afraid/ ashamed of + N/G: She was afraid of being left alone. - Sorry for/ about + N/G: Tom felt sorry for making so many mistakes. - Afraid/ ashamed/ sorry + to V: I’m sorry to tell you that bad news. - Anxious about = worried He was anxious about going in the dark alone. - Anxious for O to V = wish He was anxious for you to go in the dark alone. - Anxious that + (clause) We are anxious that we couldn’t come. - Fortunate/ lucky that +(clause) = It’s a good thing…It was lucky that we weren’t late. - S + be fortunate/ lucky to V She was lucky to have such an interesting book. - Possible/ probable/ likely + future = perhaps It’s possible that man will live longer. - Aware/ conscious of N/G We should be aware of protecting our nature. - Aware/ conscious + that +(clause) She was conscious that she would be late..

(12) 5. Suffixes: 5.1. able/ ible/ ish/ ed/ ing/ ful/ less/…: talkable, visible, whitish, bored, amusing, careful, hopeless,… 5.2. y/ ly/ en/ ese/ ous/ al/ ive/…: wealthy, manly, golden, Chinese, poisonous, logical, effective,… 5.3. ade/ ate/ ent/ wide/ ic/ ist/…: adequate, humanate, dependent, worldwide, domestic, communist,… 5.4. like/ style/ type/…: childlike, Roman-type, German-style,… 5.5. Nationality: a. an: American, Venezuelan, German, Mexican, African,… b. ese: Chinese, Vietnamese, Portuguese, Sudanese, Lebanese,… c. i: Pakistani, Iraqi, Israeli, Yemeni, Saudi,… d. ian: Argentinean, Australian, Brazilian, Italian,… e. ish: English, Polish, Turkish, Danish, Finnish,… f. others: Czech, French, Dutch, Swiss, Greek, Thai,…. IV. ADVERBS (ADV) TRẠNG TỪ 1. Kinds (Classification): phân loại 1.1. Adv of manner: bravely/ haP.Pily/ quickly/ well/ …( She sings marvelously/ He worked very hard) 1.2. Adv of place: by/ down/ near/ here/ there/ … (She comes there twice a week/ Here comes the police) 1.3. Adv of time: now/ soon/ still/ today/ yet/…(We are going to Hanoi today/ He will return soon) 1.4. Adv of frequency: always/ once/ twice/…(We never eat dog-meat/ She once became the leader) 1.5. Adv of sentence: certainly/ definitely/ luckily/..( He was certainly the liar/ Luckily, she passed the exam) 1.6. Adv of degree: fairly/ hardly/ rather/ quite/ too/ …(He was quite handsome/ Hardly did we see anything) 1.7. Adv of interrogative: when/ where/ why/… (When did you go?/ Where is she now?) 1.8. Adv of relative: when/ where/ why (He came when we were watching T.V) 2. Same form with adjectives: tính từ và trạng từ có chung hình thức back deep* direct* early enough little straight far fast hard* high* ill near* well just* kindly late* left wrong* most* right* long low Much* more* short* till pretty Note: Adv* can either have “ly” or not, but differences in meanings. 3. Positions (Functions): vị trí hay chức năng 3.1. Adv of manner: trạng từ chỉ thể cách Follow verbs: eg: He danced gracefully. Before pres or follow objects in “V + pre + O”: eg: He looked at me carefully. He looked carefully at me. Follow Subject: eg: He suspiciously tasted the soup. At the beginning or end: eg: Carefully he checks the suitcase. He checks the suitcase carefully. 3.2. Adv of time: trạng từ chỉ thời gian At the beginning or end of sentences: afterwards/ eventually/ lately/ now/ recently/ at once/ since then/ till/… eg: He will returns soon. Today we will learn lesson two. Always at the end: before*/ early/ immediately*/ late (Adv* as conjunctions at the beginning) eg: He went to the church immediately. Immediately, he went to the church. Follow verbs or “V + O”: yet/ still eg: He still lives in the suburb of the city. Split: just eg: He has just left the house. 3.3. Adv of place: 3.3.1. At the beginning or end: away/ everywhere/ nowhere/ somewhere/ here /there/ eg: Nowhere could we find him. English is spoken everywhere. 3.3.2. Administration: here/ there eg: He lives here/ She hasn’t gone there. 3.4. Adv of frequency: 3.4.1. always/ continually/ frequently/ often/ once/ twice/ periodically/ repeatedly/ sometimes/ usually. eg: She usually walks to school. 3.4.2. Restricted (inversion): hardly ever/ never/ rarely/ scarcely ever/ seldom eg: Never will she eat this kind of food. 3.5. Inversion cases: các trường hợp đảo ngữ hardly…ever hardly…when in no circumstances neither…nor never no sooner…than not only not till nowhere on no account only by only in this way only then/ when scarcely ever scarcely…when seldom/ so * Phó từ đảo lên đầu câu Trong tiếng Anh có những trờng hợp phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình th ờng của nó mà đảo lên đứng đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ..

(13) Trong trờng hợp đó ngữ pháp có thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng ở đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chÝnh (c«ng thøc sau). hardly/ rarely/ seldom/ never/ only… + auxiliary + subject + verb ... Eg. Never have so many people been unemployed as today. Phó từ trợ động từ. chñ ng÷. động từ. (so many people have never been unemployed as today.) Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-away lands. Phã tõ. tđt chủ ngữ động từ. (He had hardly fallen asleep when he dream of far-away lands.) Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven. Phã tõ. trợ động từ chủ ngữ động từ. (we have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven.) Seldom does the class let out early. Phã tõ. trợ động từ. chñ ng÷. động từ. Only by hard work will Phã tõ. we. be able to accomplish this great task.. trợ động từ chủ ngữ động từ. (We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.) * Một số các phó từ đặc biệt đứng đầu câu IN/ UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES : Dï trong hoµn c¶nh nµo còng kh«ng. Eg. In / under no circumstances should you lend him the money. (dï trong bÊt cø trêng hîp nµo anh còng kh«ng nªn cho nã vay tiÒn.) ON NO ACCOUNT: Dï bÊt cø lý do nµo còng kh«ng. Eg. On no account must this switch be toughed. (dù với bất cứ lý do nào anh cũng không đợc động vào ổ cắm này) SO + ADJ + AUXILIARY + S + V + THAT. .... đến nỗi mà .... Eg. So difficult did she get a job that she had to stay home for an year. (Cô ấy kiếm đợc việc làm một cách khó khăn đến nỗi cô ấy đã phải ngồi nhà 1 năm trời) So sure of this were the owners that they provided lifeboats for only 950 of its possible 3,500 passengers. (Những ngời chủ của con tàu đã quá tin tởng đến nỗi mà họ chỉ trang bị xuồng cứu đắm cho 950 trong số 3,500 hành khách mà con tàu có thể tải đợc - chích trong bài đọc về tàu Titanic). ONLY IN THIS WAY : ChØ cã b»ng c¸ch nµy. Eg. Only in this way could you solve the problem. (Chỉ có bằng cách này thì cậu mới giải đợc vấn đề hóc búa này.) NAGATIVE, ... , NOR + AUXILIARY + S + V.... ( ... mµ còng ch¼ng/ mµ còng kh«ng ...) Eg. He didn’t have any money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow. ( Nó chẳng còn đồng nào cả mà nó cũng chẳng biết ai mà nó có thể hỏi vay.). TIẾT 13 +14 Ngày soạn:. PRACTICE EXERCISE 5 – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 5. / / Ngày giảng: / / Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence. 1. He is interested______ dancing. A. at B. in C. by D. of 2. My mother is fed ______ with doing the housework everyday. A. up B. of C. on D. in 3. Children enjoy ______ cartoons. A. watch B. watching C. watched D. to watch 4. I am afraid of ______ alone in dark. A. being left B. left C. to be interested D. interest 5. English people are ______ in playing football. A. interested B. interesting C. to be interested D. to be interesting 6. John hasn’t got a job. He has to live on______ benefit. A. employ B. employing C. unemployment D. employment 7. She’s proud of her ______. A. successful B. success C. succeed D. succeeded 8. Anna can’t get the job because there are too many ______ for it. A. engineers B. interviewers C. applicants D. workers 9. There are many ______ ways to learn English vocabulary. A. different B. differences C. differ D. differing 10. Nam stopped ______ two years ago. A. smoking B. smoke C. to smoke D. smoked 11. A ______ storm has swept a hundred of houses away. A. strong B. heavy C. hard D. long 12. My child would rather read books than ______ anything else..

(14) A. doing B. to do C. did 13. My friend doesn't like asking her mother ______ money. A. to B. in C. for 14. Mrs. Lan ______ up being on a diet because it was not effective. A. gives B. giving C. to give 15. Anna has just graduated from university. She wants to apply ______ a suitable job. A. at B. for C. to 16. He is unemployment. He gets some unemployment ______ A. salary B. card C. benefit 17. A long walk makes every body ______. A. tired B. tiring C. to tire 18. My teacher is a ______ smoker. He smokes 30 cigarettes a day. A. much B. heavy C. many 19. Her parents can't stand ______ her at home all day. A. to see B. see C. seeing 20. I am tired ______ watching the same program every day. A. in B. on C. with 21. While she ______, the phone rang. A. was cooking B. cooked C. cooking 22. My mother is used to ______ a speaker. A. to be B. being C. have been 23. She doesn't have time to go shopping because she's too ______ with her work A. busy B. bored C. get up 24. His roof was broken by a ______ wind two weeks ago. A. hard B. big C. strong 25. He has learned English for 4 years, and she is good ______ English now A. by B. at C. for 26. They have grown roses here______ 1990. A. for B. since C. during 27. You'll miss the train ______ you don't hurry up. A. if B. When C. since 28. He is my ______ brother. But he looks younger than me A. elder B. older C. old 29. It took me forty five minutes to ______ to office everyday A. getting B. get C. get 30. I don't mind living ______ my own in a big city A. with B. by C. at 31. If you hear the fire ______, leave the building quickly. A. alarm B. caution C. notice 32. She remembered the correct address only _______she had posted the letter. A. since B. afterwards C. following 33. Children enjoy ______ cartoon film . A. watch B. watching C. watched 34. I am afraid of ______ alone in dark. A. being left B. left C. leaving 35. Over the past two years the _______of living has risen considerably. A. charge B. cost C. rate 36. He told his father a long and _______story to explain his lateness. A. inconceivable B. incredulous C. unimaginable 37. We need _______information before we can decide. A. further B. furthest C. far 38. Women workers wear hats in _______their hair gets caught in the machinery. A. course B. case C. occasion 39. There are many ______ ways to learn English vocabulary . A. different B. differences C. differ 40. I don’t mind living______ my own in a big city. A. with B. by C. at 41. She was filling in the ______ form. A. applicant B. application C. apply 42. It was ______ to listen to the story . A. exciting B. excited C. excite 43. My brother and my sister have many______.. D. do D. with D. gave D. in D. currency D. tire D. big D. seen D. of D. cook D. been D. tired D. much D. in D. in D. unless D. young D. got D. on D. publicity D. after D. to watch D. to leave D. price D. unconvincing D. farther D. event D. differing D. on D. appliance D. excitement.

(15) A. different B. difference C. differ 44. It was ______ to see my old friends again. A. surprised B. surprise C. surprisingly 45. Mr. Brown gave a long ______ about unemployment in Australia . A. lectures B. lecturing C. lectured 46. We had a ______ discussion about the news. A. bore B. boring C. bored 47. She hates ______ her mother for money. A. ask B. asking C. asked 48. My sister is bored ______ washing the dishes. A. up B. on C. at 49. She doesn’t like ______ cartoon film . A. to watch B. watch C. watching 50. During the trip to Ha Long, we ______ a lot of photos. A. took B. got C. made. TIẾT 15 + 16 + 17 Ngày soạn:. /. PHẦN IV. D. differences D. surprising D. lecture D. boredom D. to ask D. with D. watches D. did. - SENTENCE ELEMENTS. /. Ngày giảng: / / I. SUBJECT (S): 1. Definition: Gender to be the action doer or described or mentioned. (là chủ thể của hành động hay đối tượng được miêu tả). 2. Classification: a. Subject pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ) First Person Second Person Third Person Singular form I You He, She, It Plural form We You They Eg. He went abroad to study medicine. They were killed in an accident. b. Nouns, or noun phrases: eg. Love is a stage of feeling and can’t be recognized by senses. Gain and loss go together. c. Gerunds: eg. Fishing is his favourite pastime. Getting good marks is not always difficult. d. Clauses: eg. What we really wish is to be at the cinema. All she can say is that he is a liar. II. COMPLEMENTS (C): 1. Definition: Element to be described or mentioned usually follows the verb to be or link verbs. (là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau “to be” hoặc các link verbs). 2. Classification: a. Nouns, or noun phrases: eg. She is a kind hearted lady. They became the new employees. b. Gerunds: eg. Her hobby is singing. c. Verbs: eg. My dream is to become a teacher. d. Clauses: eg. A full apology is what the boss wants now./ A smile is all he could do and what he should do. Notes: Có 2 loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ của tân ngữ (Co) – The long walk made us exhausted.. III. OBJECTS (O): 1. Definition: Gender to be described or mentioned usually follows ordinary verbs to show the direct or indirect goals that the verbs aim at. (là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau động từ thường chỉ hướng hay đối tượng của động từ). 2. Classification: a. Object pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ) First Person Second Person Third Person Singular form me you him, her, it Plural form us you them Eg. We met him yesterday. She made us a big cake. b. Nouns, or noun phrases: eg. She gave me a blank look. We sent endless letters to the manager. c. Gerunds: eg. The man loved telling funny stories. / She was interested in going shopping on Sundays..

(16) d. Verbs: eg. Jack wished to become an astronaut. Kelvin loves to do the crosswords. e. Clauses: eg. We know how we should solve the problem. She asked why we didn’t arrive on time. Notes: Có 2 loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ của tân ngữ (Co) – The long walk made us exhausted. 1. 2. a. b. c.. IV. ADVERBIALS (A): Definition: Element to be used to denote the stages, manner, methods, or to indicate time, places, purposes, or others. (được dùng để miêu tả trạng thái, cách thức, phương pháp, mức độ, hay dùng để chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, mục đích,… của hành động). Classification: Adverbs: eg. We often go to work by bus. She danced marvelously. Adverbials: eg. In the past, people used to live in a large family. Clauses: eg. When we came, they were fighting./ Billy tried hard in order that he could pass the exam.. V. VERBS (V): 1. Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of sentences. 2. Classification: phân loại động từ 2.1. Auxiliary verbs: động từ trợ 2.1.1. Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ do (These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs) 2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ be going to + base form/ used to + base form/ ought to + base form/ (These are sometimes functional verbs) 2.2. Lexical verbs: động từ mang nghĩa 2.2.1. Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is selfish) 2.2.2. Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/ They are helpful) 2.2.3. Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and make sentences meaningful without any complementation. e.g. She cried (noisily). It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cats and dogs) 2.2.4. Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation. e. Mono-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object (S+V+O). e.g. She bought flowers. Ann met her fiance’ yesterday. f. Di-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by both direct and indirect objects. (S+V+O+O) e.g. She bought me some sweets. (= She bought some sweets for me) They gave me a big cake. (=They gave a big cake to me) g. Complex transitive verbs: follow the form “S + V + O + Co” e.g. He made me angry. The female film star drove him mad. 3. Affixations: phụ tố để tạo động từ 3.1. en: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or lead to ) e.g. danger…….to endanger wide……....to widen rich………..to enrich courage……to encourage length……to lengthen broad ……..to broaden 3.2. ize/ ise: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or develop, or specify) e.g. modern……to modernize industrial….to industrialize minimum….to minimize maximum….to maximize capital……..to capitalize natural……..to naturalize 4. Sentence models: 4.1 S + V-intrans They laugh/ The wind is blowing. 4.2 S + V-monotrans + O He did his homework/ Harley carried an umbrella. 4.3 S + V-in/ extensive + Cs He became famous/ They are nearly exhausted. 4.4 S + V-intrans + A He went abroad/ She arrives late. 4.5 S + V-ditrans + O + O She buys me presents/ That brings my father success. 4.6 S + V-complex trans + O + C The story made me bored/ You drive me mad. 4.7 S + V-intrans + A + A/ others She went to school early/ He came to the park in the early morning.. TIẾT 18 + 19 Ngày soạn:. PRACTICE EXERCISE 6 - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 6. / / Ngày giảng: / / Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence. 1. Whenever he has free time, he goes swimming. Swimming is his______ pastime . A. favor B. favorable C. favored D. favorite 2. Children______ eating sweets. A. want B. like C. need D. prefer.

(17) 3. Young people hate______, they prefer making questions. A. ask B. asking C. be asked D. being asked 4. Your sister will be ill if she doesn’t stop ______ so much. A. to worry B. worry C. worried D. worrying 5. The word “fishing” in “Fishing is his favorite pastime” is a(n______. A. noun B. pronoun C. gerund D. adjective 6. He loves______ lies, that’s why we call him “a liar”. A .telling B. saying C. speaking D. talking 7. The word “stopped” in “He stopped smoking 5 years ago” can be replaced by______. A. took up B. came up C. picked up D. gave up 8. She’s thirsty. She’d like______ a cold drink. A. have B. having C. to have D. to having 9. She never gets up late. She’s used to______ up early. A. get B. getting C. gets D. got 10. One of those______ from Japan. A. students are B. student are C. students is D. student is 11. Among those, I like the red one______. A. more B. best C. better D. much 12. We’ve got very______ milk left. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 13. He has been in hospital______ last Tuesday. A. for B. when C. from D. since 14. I don’t really like An, but this time I’d like ______ him. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meeting 15. The science classes at this______ difficult. A. schools are B. school are C. school is D. schools is 16. Be quiet! I______ to listen to some important information. A. was trying B. am trying C. try D. tried 17. The teacher made us______ hard for the final examination. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learnt 18. Neither Bill nor Norris______ going to the play tonight. A. was B. were C. are D. is 19. He used ______ on time. But this time he is terribly late. A. arriving B. arrive C. to arrive D. to arriving 20. He found______ to live on his unemployment benefit. A. it B. its C. it’s D. it is 21. My hobby is watching the whole city from the______. A. sky-lift B. skywalk C. skydiver D. skydiving 22. Kangaroos are merely found in______. A. Asia B. America C. Australia D. Austria 23. Opera, Jazz and Pop are sorts of______. A. music B. musical C. musician D. musicology 24. There are many thieves in the town. Remember ______ the door before you go out. A. lock B. locking C. to lock D. locked 25. Jane has to live on her unemployment benefit. She is now______. A. out of work B. out of order C. out of date D. out of office 26. Mt Everest is ______ highest peak of ______ Himalayas. A. a/ the B. the/ a C. the/ nothing D. the/ the 27. Nothing in your room ______ since you were sent to the hospital. A. have been moved B. has been moved C. have moved D. has moved 28. Water plays a vital ______ in developing agriculture. A. part B. importance C. vision D. character 29. The weather in the South of Vietnam seems ______. than ______ in the North. A. more pleasant/ it B. more pleasant/ that C. pleasant/ the weather D. more pleasant/ those 30. It’s more ______ to use gas instead of electricity to warm up the house..

(18) A. economy B. economic C. economical 31. Ha Long is a place______ is good for sightseeing A. it B. which C. what 32. It is his return______ made her happy A. which B. this C. that 33. He is 59 years old. He______ next year. A. is going to retire B. retires C. retired 34.A dictionary is a book______ explains words. A. what B. it C. its 35. British Isles______ by speakers of Celtic language two thousand years ago. A. inhabited B. are inhabited C. were inhabited 36. He is from Tokyo. He speaks______ . A. Japan B. Tokyo C. Japanese 37. He wore dark glasses so that nobody could______ him. A. recognize B. recognition C. recognized 38. Modern English is different______ old English. A. of B. in C. from 39. It is necessary to learn a foreign______ . A. tongue B. story C. country 40. He arrived in Singapore ________ Monday evening. A. in B. from C. on 41. Unless we hurry, we’ll ______ the bus. A. miss B. remember C. catch 42. I wish I ________ here longer, but it’s time for me to go home. A. stay B. can stay C. will stay 43. We are going to watch “The English language” program______ will be on at 8 p.m A. it B. what C. which 44. It’s the flood ______ sweeps away the house A. that B. this C. these 45. English______ by about 700 million people around the world. A. is been spoken B. is going to spoken C. is spoken 46. Would you mind ________ me your address? A. telling B. tell C. to tell 47. I won’t write ______ him after finishing this test. A. for B. to C. from 48. I like the work which is easy______. A. doing B. to do C. done 49. Chinese is the only language with more______ than English A. speakers B. persons C. pupils 50. They are interested in practicing______. A. France B. Spain C. English. TIẾT 20 + 21 + 22. PHẦN V. D. economist D. its D. it D. has retired D. which D. were inhabiting D. Chinese D. recognizable D. on D. language D. at D. get in D. could stay D. they D. those D. will spoken D. told D. A or B D. for do D. many adults D. Russia. - TENSES – ÔN TẬP VỀ NGỮ PHÁP. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. The simple present tense: 1. The form (+) S + V (-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V (?) Do/ Does + S + V? 2. The usage: - To denote actions that happened repeatedly. (She never comes late) - To denote long lasting events.(We live in Concord street) - To denote a true fact. (The earth moves around the Sun) 3. The recognition: - now/ nowadays/ today/ this summer/… - always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ occasionally/… - the proof of constant truth. 4. Notes: - To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/… (The train leaves at 9.00) - The division of “be”, “have”, “can, may, must”,… II. The present progressive tense:.

(19) 1. The form: (+) S + am/ are/ is + V-ING (-) S + am/ are/ is + not + V-ING (?) Am/ Are/ Is + S + V-ING? 2. The usage: - To denote happening actions at the time of speaking. (She is teaching Maths) - To denote the intention/ prediction/ plan/…(She is coming soon) 3. The recognition: - now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at this moment/… - follow a command, request,… 4. Notes: - The ING-forms ( getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,…) - The omission of the verbs of awareness or sensation as: be/ see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/ want/ glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/…( use the simple present instead ) III. The present perfect tense:. 1. The form: (+) S + have/ has + P.P (P2) (-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + P.P (P2) (?) Have/ Has + S + P.P (P2) 2. The usage: - To denote actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still happening at present. (We have lived here since 1990) - To denote actions that happened right before the time of speaking, using “just”. (She has just come from New York) - To denote unfulfilled actions with “yet”. (He hasn’t come yet) - To denote past actions; no certain time expression, using “already”. (We have already seen that film) 3. The recognition: - just = recently = lately. - ever/ never (comments) - already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/ up to now (present). Notes: - Past participles: (regular verbs adding “ed”./ irregular verbs “learn by heart”) - The differences between the present perfect and the simple past tense. - The present perfect progressive is used to denote past actions “happening”, or “will happen. The tense is often related to the verbs: live/ learn/ wait/ work/ study/… →“S + have/ has + been + V-ING” IV. The simple past tense: 1. The form: (pV = the past form of verbs) (+) S + pV (-) S + didn’t + V (?) Did + S + V? 2. The usage: - To denote a finished past action. (We went to the park together) - To report past events, past habits, or long lasting action in the past. (She did all the work yesterday./ We used to sit next to each other.) 3. The recognition: - last week/ month/ year/… - yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/… 4. Notes: - The past form of the verbs: ( regular “V-ED”/ irregular (2nd column in the irregular verbs list)) - “ED” pronunciation /id/; /t/; /d/. V. The past progressive tense: 1. The form: (+) S + was/ were + V-ING (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ING (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ING? 2. The usage: - To denote past happening actions. (She was watching T.V at 8.00 last night) - To denote past interrupting actions. (She was watching T.V when I came) 3. The recognition: - at 8.00 last night/ at that time/ at that moment/… - time clause with “when”, “while = as”. Notes: - actions that alternatively happened, use the simple past only. (When I heard a knock at the door, I came to open it. When I opened the door, I saw my mum.)- this is a timed action. VI. The past perfect tense: 1. The form: (+) S + had + P.P (P2) (-) S + had not (hadn’t) + P.P (P2) (?) Had + S + P.P (P2)? 2. The usage: - To denote past finished actions that happened and finished before a certain point of time or another past event (the past of the past tense). e.g: She had sold all the baskets before 9.00 yesterday. She had sold all the baskets when we came there yesterday. 3. The recognition: - when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/ for/… - The past perfect progressive “S + had been + V-ING” VII. The simple future tense:. 1. The form: (+) S + will/ shall + V (-) S + will/ shall + V (?) Will/ Shall + S + V? - “shall” is restrictedly used only for I/We with the formal senses. - The negative forms “will not = won’t”, “shall not = shan’t”. 2. The usage: - To denote future actions. (They will build more hospitals).

(20) - To denote future plan/ idea/ timetable/…(The car will start in-time) 3. The recognition: - someday, tomorrow,…/ - next week/ month/ year/.. 4. Notes: “ shan’t” is not used in conditional sentences./ “ shall” is used as a suggestion/ invitation/…. VIII. Various forms of the future tenses: 1. The future progressive tense:. 1.1. The form: (+) S + will be + V-ING (-) S + won’t be + V-ING (?) Will + S + be + V-ING? 1.2. The usage: - To denote timetables/ intentions/ plans/… using “at”. e.g: She will be watching T.V at 8.00 tonight./ We will be staying at REX hotel at 5.00 next Sunday’s morning. - To show the future happening actions with “when”. Eg. She will be sitting at the gate when we come tomorrow. 2. The future perfect tense:. 2.1. The form: (+) S + will have + P.P (P2) (-) S + won’t have + P.P (P2) (?) Will + S + have + P.P? 2.2. The usage: - To denote planned actions with “by”, “by the time”, “by then”. e.g: She will have finished the course by the next Friday/ by then. - To show a future schedule-finished action. e.g: The bridge will have been used by the next Autumn. 3. Other forms: a. The simple present tense: To denote a timetable, or a plan… e.g: A: When does he leave? B: He leaves tonight. b. The present progressive: To denote an intention. e.g: A: When are you leaving? B: I am leaving this afternoon. c. The “be + going to inf” form: To denote an intention or a near future action, an arrangement. e.g: She is going to celebrate her 34th birthday. They are going to get married.. C. THE SEQUENCES OF TENSES Main clause Simple present tense.. Simple past tense Present perfect tense Past perfect tense Main clause Present tenses Past tenses Future tenses. TIẾT 23 + 24 Ngày soạn:. -. Subordinate clause simple present tense./ - present perfect tense. present progressive tense./ - simple future tense. “be going to V” form./ - simple past tense (certain point of past time). simple past tense./ - past progressive tense. past perfect tense./ - “would + V” form. “be going to + V” past form./ - simple present tense (showing the truth). Simple present tense. Simple past tense.. D. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Adverbial clauses (of time) Present tenses When/ whenever/ as/ while/ before/ after/ as soon as/… Past tenses When/ while/ as/ till/ until/ just as/ since/…. Present tenses No sooner than/ hardly…when/ as long as/….. PRACTICE EXERCISE 7 - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 7. / / Ngày giảng: / / Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence. 1. It’s the pronunciation that causes me a lot of______. A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficully D. difficulties 2. If you place a bowl of water in the sun, it will ______. A. evaporate B. evaporated C. evaporator D. evaporation 3. ______ 350 million people speak English as their first language A. approximaty B. approximately C. approximation D. approximate 4. “Gone with the wind” was______ by Mrs. Margaret Mitchell A. written B. read C. designed D. drawn 5. World population will continue to rise if we do not try ______ it. A. to increase B. lower C. to reduce D. reducing.

(21) 6. I did all the work______ my own A. by B. on C. for 7. Every Sunday my father spends three hours______ English A. practice B. to practice C. practiced 8. I have learned English for 3 years, and I am good______ English now. A. in B. for C. by 9. Hoa’s brother enjoys______ to ghost stories at night. A. telling and listening B. tell and listen C. listen 10. Mr. Minh has known me______ he left Ha Noi national university. A. until B. since C. when 11. How______ is that hotel? A. long B. length C. high 12. How much does this hat______? A. pay B. spend C. fix 13. The exhibition______ place once a year. A. does B. has C. takes 14. ______ Sundays, I often go fishing with my father. A. in B. on C. over 15. It is______ to drive without a driving license in Viet Nam. A. good B. danger C. dangerously 16. Would you like him______? A. coming B. to come C. come 17. My mother can play a lot of______ instruments. A. music B. musical C. musician 18. The girl spoke with a______ accent. A. southern B. southwards C. south 19. What’s the ______ of Viet Nam? A. popular B. populate C. populous 20. The bus takes______ than the train. A. more long B. the longest C. longer 21. His father works much______ than he does. A. harder B. hardly C. hard 22. May I______ your book? A. give B. do C. lend 23. Ha Long is one of the most famous tourist______ in Viet Nam. A. attractions B. attract C. attracted 24. ______ people are not always happy. A. wealth B. wealthily C. wealthy 25. My bike_____ last week. A. were stolen B. was stolen C. are stolen 26. He says he’s been to______ restaurant in Viet Tri town. A. all B. most C. every 27. The ability to work well for long hours is his______. A. length B. width C. height 28. It is the English pronunciation that______ a lot of difficulties to Vietnamese pupils. A. makes B. causes C. does 29. I had no difficulty______ to your English. A. listen B. to listen C. to listening 30. I______ her as soon as she entered the room. A. recognized B. had recognized C. could recognized 31. You should______ to your uncle fore being rude to him. A. forgive B. apologize C. excuse 32. The rocket went into______ round the moon. A. track B. orbit C. path 33. She took______ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in her garden. A. chance B. interest C. advantage 34. Long speeches are really______.. D. at D. practicing D. at D. to tell D. during D. height D. cost D. makes D. for D. dangerous D. came D. musically D. southbound D. population D. long D. more hardly D. borrow D. attracting D. wealthiest D. is stolen D. many D. strength D. gets D. listening D. did recognized D. regret D. circle D. charge.

(22) A. bore B. boring C. bored D. to bored 35. You shouldn’t______ him all the time. A. teased B. tease C. teases D. teasing 36. We won’t have to import electricity if the solar energy is ______ used. A. large B. widely C. widen D. width 37. Mark Twain is the ______ name of Samuel Longhorn Clemens. A. pen B. new C. career D. writer 38. His friend __ him a lot in his career. Without their suP.Port, he would not have been successful. A. told B. encourage C. taught D. complained 39. He often tells me something about his village______ he was born and grew up. A. which B. who C. where D. that 40. This is the man who ______ me English. A. teach B. teaches C. are teaching D. were teaching 41. He ______ in love with her picture even before he met her. A. falls B. has fallen C. fell D had fallen 42. Hanoi is the city in ______ he was born. A. where B. which C. that D. who 43. This house is an old one ______ was built long time ago. A. which B. where C. who D. whose 44. Mark Twain’s last book was written in 1909, one year before his ______. A. died B. dead C. death D. dying 45. His wife had great influence ______ his books. A. in B. at C. for D. on 46. James Watt was the ______ of the steam engine. A. writer B. inventor C. engineer D. worker 47. I live in a house ______ has four rooms. A. which B. where C. in which D. it 48. ______ we can find new sources of energy, our life will come to an end. A. unless B. when C. if D. B or C 49. The two books provide us ______ an excellent picture of his era. A. about B. with C. for D. to 50. Shakespeare ______ Hamlet in 1600 and 1601. A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written. TIẾT 25 + 26 Ngày soạn:. PHẦN VI /. /. - ASPECTS OF SPEECH. Ngày giảng:. I-. /. /. EMPHASIS:. 1. Kinds (Classification): 1.1. Pronunciation: using stresses and intonation. e.g. Are you free? Really? 1.2. Written forms (transformation): e.g. She could hardly understand. ~Hardly could she understand. 2. Styles: 2.1. Verbs: do/ does/ did + bare infinitives e.g. He visited us yesterday. ~ He did visit us yesterday. Hoa loves romantic films. ~ Hoa does love romantic films. 2.2. Adjectives: It is/was + adjs + to infinitives. e.g. + Knowing your limitation is important. ~ It’s important to know… + He found that learning English was difficult. ~ He found that it was 2.3. Reflexive pronouns: myself/ yourself/ himself/ herself/ itself/ ourselves/ ….

(23) e.g. She did it. ~ She herself did it. He thought that. ~ He himself thought that. 2.4. Emphasis case: It is/ was …that …(cleft sentences) e.g. I hated him. ~ It was him who I hated. I need a replacement not others. ~ It is a replacement, not others that I need. 2.5. Inversion case: here/ restricted adverbs e.g. He could never find out the truth. ~ Never could he find out the truth. We seldom eat snails. ~ Seldom do we eat snails.. II-. QUANTITIERS:. 1. Single verbs agreements: 1.1. each/ every/ either/ neither + N(s)/ of N(s) + singular V. e.g. Each person has his own thought. Neither of my children gets up late. 1.2. each/ every + N(s)/ each/ every + N + singular V e.g. Each day and each night passes without me missing her./ Each of the boys has his own books of photos. 1.3. every/ some/ no + singular V(s) e.g. Someone was sitting outside. No-one knows him. 1.4. plural forms but singular verbs: news/ physics/ economics/ politics/ linguistics/ genetics/ athletes/ mumps/ the United States/ the PhiliP.Pines/ Wales/… e.g. The United States was shock by the bombing on September 11th. The Philippines is a developing. 1.5. uncountable nouns: furniture/ water/ traffic/ progress/ homework/ knowledge/… e.g. Water is composed by Oxygen and Hydrogen. At this time of day, traffic is very heavy. 1.6. distance/ time/ money: e.g. Five miles is a relatively far distance. Fifty billion dongs is a big sum of money. 1.7. titles of books/ articles/ stories: e.g. “Tom and Jerry” is well-known all over the world. “The seven dragon pearls” is a picture book. 1.8. subjective clauses: e.g. All that he needed was a full apology. What I really like is an ice cream. 2. Plural verbs agreements: 2.1. combination “and”: e.g. Tom and his friends were walking to school. 2.2. “the + adj(s)” form: e.g. The English are cool. The rich are not always happy. 2.3. collective nouns: e.g. Cattle are driven to the field. 2.4. some/ a few/ a lot of/ both/… e.g. Some boys are resigned. 3. Various agreements: 3.1. Either or Neither + N1 nor + N2 + V Not only but also (but ….as well ) e.g. Either Tom or his friends are coming. Neither the Prime Minister nor his ministers have been injured. 3.2. The number of + N(s) + singular V A number of + N(s) + plural V e.g. The number of attendants is poor. A number of visitors are killed. 3.3. Pronoun1/ N1 + pre + pronoun2/ N2 + singular V. e.g. A pair of shoes is cheaper than a table. Two pairs of shoes is much more expensive than a table. 3.4. All/ some/ plenty / a lot singular N(s) + singular V Half/ most/ the rest/ lots + of + plural N(s) + plural V e.g. A lot of money is lost. All of them have been arrested.. III-. GERUNDS:. 1. Formation: V-ING 2. Functions: 2.1. Subject (S): Fishing is his hobby./ Getting into the city centre at this time of day isn’t easy. 2.2. Complement (C): (of to be) Her passion is studying. What we really want is escaping from this terrible place. 2.3. Compound nouns: 2.3.1. Gerund-noun: fishing-rod cooking-apple driving license wrapping paper writing paper cooking oil 2.3.2. Non-gerund: fruit-picking sky-diving bush walking time- counting 2.4. Object (O):. 2.4.1. Direct objects: Follow these certain verbs admit. avoid. appreciate. begin. consider. postpone. resume. love.

(24) continue finish prefer. delay keep miss. deny mention practice. enjoy mind quit. escape like report. recall hate resent. suggest recollect risk. resist. 2.4.2. Verb preposition: approve of complain of end in hesitate about mean by return to think of look forward to….. apologize for confess to give up insist on persist in result in take to. believe in consist of get to keep on plan on safe from threaten with. count on depend on forget about lead to put off succeed in worry about. care for dream of go back to long for rely on think about object to. 2.4.3. Adjective preposition: absorbed in accustomed to afraid of amused at skilled in (at) annoy at ashamed of aware of (in)capable of surprised at careful in careless of certain about clever at wrong in… content with delighted at different from embarrassed at excited about far from fond of fortunate in frightened of furious at given to good at grateful for happy in (at) slow in interested in keen on nice about proud of thankful for responsible for right in scared at (of) set on angry with pleased at sure of sorry for successful in (at) careful about sick of worried about tired of (from) upset at (un)conscious of 2.4.4. Idiom phrases: (phrases of words that have literal meanings) - can’t bear; can’t face; can’t stand; can’t help; feel like…. - It’s no use.../ It’s (not) worth…/…. 2.4.5. Adjectives: amusing hopeless. comfortable lovely. difficult Nice. easy off. great strange. Pleasant useless/ wonderful. 2.4.6. Noun preposition: choice of. excuse for. possibility of. intention of. reason for. method for…. 2.4.7. Complement of objects: Follow these below verbs call catch feel discover find leave hear get imagine keep notice send 2.5. Subjunctive subject “it” or noun phrases; - Find/ found + it + V-ING: He found the film annoying. - When/ on /while / as + V-ING: When opening the case, he found his lost notebook. While checking the case, we found banned drugs.. TIẾT 27 + 28 Ngày soạn:. PHẦN VI /. /. watch… set. stop. - ASPECTS OF SPEECH. Ngày giảng:. IV-. /. /. INFINITIVES:. 1. Classification: Full infinitive: With “to’ e.g. He go to Paris to learn French. Bare infinitive: Without “to’ e.g. My parent didn’t let me do what I really liked. Perfect infinitive: Form “have past participles” e.g. He was believed to have escaped from the prison. 2. Positions: 2.1. Follow the verbs below: agree arrange ask attempt begin mean need neglect care cease choose claim come plan prefer pretend continue decide deserve demand determine propose refuse start.

(25) desire hate learn. expect fail fear forget strive tend help hesitate hope intend offer omit like long love manage prepare promise try want wish… 2.2. Follow the idiomatic phrases: make up one’s mind/ take care/ take the trouble/ make sure/… e.g. They couldn’t make up their mind to go or not.. threaten Swear Seem. 2.3. Follow the adjectives below: (un)able afraid amused annoyed anxious ashamed astonished boring careful certain content crazy curious dangerous delighted determined difficult distressed due eager easy hard fortunate free frightened furious good glad grateful happy hopeless horrified impatient safe sure lucky moved pleased (un)willing 2.4. Follow WH-words: what/ who/ whom/ which/ when/ where/ how. e.g. She didn’t know what to do next. We didn’t decided where to go.. interested (im)possible sorry usual worthy slow useless wonderful. keen proud sufficient thankful wrong scared surprised (un)wise. 2.5. Follow nouns pronouns of the verbs below: advise believe consider. allow cause enable. ask assume beg hate suspect challenge command compel observe trust encourag expect find order permit e forbid force get guess know teach tell imagine instruct intend invite think understand urge lead like love mean want prefer 2.6. To be demonstration, purposes, results: enough / save money/… e.g. The house, to be demolished, is very old. She has nothing to eat. We haven’t got enough to have one each. They saved money to go abroad. 2.7. To form absolute phrases: To tell the truth; To cut a long short story;… e.g. To tell the truth, she was a real liar. 2.8. To form exclamation: e.g. To think she met with such a death! Oh! To be young again!. V-. Wish persuade Tempt warn. SPECIAL CASES:. 1. Either infinitives or gerunds: 1.1. stop: a. stop + to infinitives (= stop this work to start the other work) e.g. He stops to smoke. (He stops his work and starts smoking) b. stop + gerunds (= to give up a habit ) e.g. He stops smoking (He no longer smokes) 1.2. try: a. try + to infinitives (= manage successfully to do) e.g. He tried to lift the case. (He managed to lift the case and succeeded) b. try + gerunds (= to experience) e.g. He tried lifting the case. (He wanted to know whether he could lift it) 1.3. remember: a. remember + to infinitives (= to make oneself aware of a task) e.g. He remembered to lock the door. (He had to lock the door) b. remember + gerunds (= to assure oneself a fulfilled task) e.g. He remembered locking the door. (He was sure that he had locked the door) 1.4. forget: a. forget + to infinitives (= to miss a task) e.g. Sam forgot to buy food. (Sam didn’t buy food) b. forget + gerunds (= the fulfilled task is forgotten) e.g. Sam forgot buying food. (He bought food but he didn’t remember) 1.5. regret: a. regret + to infinitives (not want to do this task) e.g. Kim regretted to say the truth. (He didn’t want to say the truth but he had to) b. regret + gerunds ( the task is done unexpectedly) e.g. Kim regretted saying the truth.(He said and he regretted what he’d done) 2. Would: a. conditional sentences: e.g. If I were you, I would agree to come. He would have passed if he had known the rules well..

(26) b. past habits: e.g. I would sing romantic songs when I was young. She would cry when she was too sad. 3. Used to: past habit not happen at present e.g. She used to walk to school. 4. Be (get) used to: a. get used to (= be acquainted with) e.g. She has got used to walking to office. b. be used to (be familiar to) e.g. He was used to walking to office. 5. Would rather V1 than V2: 5.1. would rather (not) + V: e.g. She’d rather go to the meeting. We would rather not mention that case. 5.2. would rather + O (not) + p. V: e.g. I’d rather him brought there some cakes. She would rather her husband not joined the army. 6. Prefer gerunds/Ns to gerunds/Ns: 6.1. prefer + gerunds = like + gerunds/ infinitives:e.g. She preferred walking to driving. She liked walking/ to walk. 6.2. would prefer + infinitives = would like + infinitives: e.g. She’d prefer to walk. She would like to walk. 7. Could/ may/ might: possibility/ maybe = perhaps 7.1. in conditional sentences: e.g. If it rains, we may cancel the trip. We might go to the park if it were Sunday today. 7.2. uncertain speculation: e.g. It could/ may/ might rain tomorrow. It will possibly rain tomorrow. 7.3. perhaps/ maybe: e.g. Perhaps he won’t come. Maybe it will rain tomorrow. 8. Should: 8.1. command; request; obligation: e.g. You should study harder. / She should bring along an umbrella. 8.2. an expectation/ a wish: e.g. My letter should arrive next week. 9. Speculations/ deduction: 9.1. could/ may/ might + have + P.P: Past possibility e.g. It may have rained last night./ He might have gone. 9.2. should have + P.P: Past unfulfilled actions e.g. He should have done his homework. 9.3. must have + P.P: Logical thought about past events e.g. (She passed the exam). She must have studied hard.. TIẾT 29 + 30. PRACTICE EXERCISE 8 – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 8. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence. 1. Columbus ______ America in 1492. A. invented B. found C. discovered D. saw 2. A driver is a person who ______. A. drives a car B. sells cars C. has a car D. makes cars 3. A singer is a person who ______. A. composes music B. writes songs C. sings well D. drives well 4. Most of the ______ in my school are under 30 years old. A. teachers B. workers C. artists D. farmers 5. Darwin, ______ was an English physiologist, was born in 1809 and died in 1882. A. which B. that C. who D. where 6. Is there anything ______ I can do for you ? A. where B. that C. who D. which 7. Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn ______ Twain’s best works. A. consider B. considered C. is considered D. are considered 8. He is working ______ a taxi-driver. A. at B. as C. to D. in 9. A person who spends his/her whole life writing books is a ______. A. writer B. teacher C. singer D. worker 10. G. Washington, ______ was the first president of the USA, was born in 1732 and died in 1799. A. that B. who C. where D. which 11. He dropped the vase and it broke ______ pieces. A. into B. down C. off D. in 12. When we travel in the streets, pay attention to traffic______. A. sighs B. sights C. scenes D. signs 13. I am on a diet. I want to______ . A. over weighted B. lose weight C. gain weight D. get fatter 14. Faraday is the great ______of all time. A. scientific B. scientism C. scientist D. science 15. Mathematics______ an important part in our lives. A. lets B. plays C. applies D. lays.

(27) 16. The driver stopped______ a coffee because he felt sleepy. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 17. Have you ever considered______ a pharmacist ? A .to become B. become C. became D. becoming 18. I would rather ______ at home than ______ out with him. A. stay/ go B. staying/going C. stayed/went D. to stay/to go 19. She suggested ______ a break for a while. A. took B. take C. taking D. taken 20. It is likely that everybody ______ at the age of 45. A. retires B. retired C. are retiring D. will retire 21. ______ the water clock, Newton also made a sundial. A. On B. After C. Besides D. Before 22. M. Curie, _____ discovered radium, was a famous French physicist. A. whom B. who C. that D. whose 23. Newton’s first physical experiment was _____ out in 1658. A. carried B. made C. taken D. done 24. Jane Eyre, which ______ by Charlotte Bronte, is one of my favorite novels. A. wrote B. written C. was written D. writes 25. the _____ of the steam engine made J. Watt famous throughout the world. A. invent B. inventive C. invention D. inventor 26. M. Faraday didn’t have much ______ when he was young. A. school B. scholar C. schooled D. schooling 27. A person who studies biology is a ______ . A. scientist B. physicist C. biologist D. mathematician 28. Einstein, _____ study of the theory of relativity made him famous, was a German physicist. A. whose B. whom C. who D. by whom 29. Most of the experiments are carried out in ______. A. schools B. libraries C. factories D. laboratories 30. He was very good _____ mathematics when he was at school. A. on B. of C. at D. for 31. The steam engine was _____ by J. Watt. A. discovered B. invented C. cured D. made 32. When he grew older, he became _____ in mathematics and physics. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. interests 33. That’s the house ______ uncle Ho was born. A. which B. where C. of which D. that 34. Darwin was the father of the theory of _____ . A. relativity B. gravitation C. evolution D. electricity 35. When ______ , Newton was more of a mechanic than a scholar. A. he was young B. was young C. be young D. he is young 36. He was not interested in physics _____ he grew older. A. when B. and C. even D. until 37. He died ______ the age of 85. A. for B. at C. in D. about 38. Faraday’s father worked very _____, but he could ____ feed the family. A. hard/ hard B. hardly/ hard C. hard/ hardly D. hardly/ hardly 39. It was Professor H. Davy’s lectures _____ helped Faraday a lot in his later discoveries. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 40. Scientists and doctors haven’t found the ____ for AIDS. A. curable B. curability C. cure D. curing 41. Gravity is the force of the earth to ______ everything towards its center. A. attractive B. attract C. attraction D. distract 42. He’ll go with us ______ it rains. A. if B. when C. as long as D. unless 43 We could visit Mercury – an outer space planet - in a ______. A. spaceship B. ship C. plane D. train 44. Mercury can be seen______ after sunrise ______ soon after sunset. A. neither /nor B. either /or C. not only /but also D. none of A, B and C 45. You won’t pass your driving test unless you drive more ______..

(28) A. carelessly B. dangerously C. A or B 46. The sea lever will rise if the ice on the poles ______ to melt. A. began B. begin C. start 47. A journey which takes place every month is a ______ journey. A. daily B. weekly C. monthly 48. ______ you phone me when you come to England? A. Do B. Have C. Will 49. Liverpool won’t win unless they begin ______ better. A. playing B. played C. having played 50. Life will be destroyed ______ all our sources end. A. as long as B. unless C. if. TIẾT 31 + 32 Ngày soạn:. PHẦN VII /. D. carefully D. begins D yearly D. Would D. play D. whether. – PHRASES VS. CLAUSES. /. Ngày giảng: / / A. SUBORDINATE CLAUSES 1. The implication: Lèi nãi bao hµm- Lµ lèi nãi kÕt hîp 2 ý trong c©u l¹i lµm mét th«ng qua mét thµnh ng÷. a. Not only ... but also (không những ... mà còn) Các thành phần đi sau 2 thành ngữ này phải tơng đơng với nhau về mÆt ng÷ ph¸p, tøc lµ danh - danh, tÝnh tõ - tÝnh tõ... not only _____, but also ____ = not only ____ , but _____ as well. Hoặc: Subject + not only + verb + but also + verb Lu ý: Thông thờng thành phần sau but also sẽ quyết định thành phần sau not only. Eg. He is not only handsome but also talented./ Beth plays not only the guitar but also the violin. tÝnh tõ. tÝnh tõ. Danh tõ. danh tõ. He writes not only correctly but also neatly./ Maria excels not only in mathematics but also in science. Adv. adv. Ng÷ giíi tõ. ng÷ giíi tõ. Paul Anka not only plays the piano but also composes music. §éng tõ. động từ. b. As well as (cũng nh, cũng nh là) Các thành phần đi đằng trớc và đằng sau thành ngữ này phải tơng đơng với nhau vÒ mÆt tõ lo¹i theo c«ng thøc díi ®©y: subject + verb + as well as + verb ... Eg. Robert is talented as well as handsome./ Beth plays the guitar as well as the violin. TÝnh tõ. tÝnh tõ. ®anh tõ. danh tõ. He writes correctly as well as neatly. / Marta excels in mathematics as well as in science. phã tõ. phã tõ. Ng÷ giíi tõ. ng÷ giíi tõ. Paul Anka plays the piano as well as composes music. động từ. động từ. Lu ý: Không đợc nhầm lẫn thành ngữ này với as well as của hiện tợng đồng chủ ngữ mang nghĩa cùng với. Nó đi cùng với các thành phần đằng sau nó để tạo thành 1 cụm từ, tách ra khỏi mệnh đề chính bằng 2 dấu phẩy và không ảnh hởng gì đến việc chia động từ. Eg. The teacher, as well as her students, is going to the concert. My cousins, as well as Tim, have a test tomorrow. c. Both ... and ( c¶ ... lÉn ) C«ng thøc nµy dïng gièng hÖt nh trêng hîp Not only ... but also. Lu ý: Both chỉ đợc dùng với and không đợc dùng với as well as. Eg. Robert is both talented and handsome./ Beth plays both the guitar and the violin. TÝnh tõ. tÝnh tõ. ®anh tõ. danh tõ. He writes both correctly and neatly./ Marta excels both in mathematics and in science. phã tõ. phã tõ. Ng÷ giíi tõ. ng÷ giíi tõ. Paul Anka both plays the piano and composes music. động từ. động từ. 2. The norminal clause: Mệnh đề danh từ (tương ứng như danh từ, có thể làm S, C, O trong câu) a. That – clauses: Theo sau các động từ có ngụ ý giải thích với that, có thể đảo lên đầu câu làm chủ ngữ. Eg. The reason she left was that she dissatisfied with her work. = That she dissatisfied with her work was the reason she left. b. Wh – clauses: Đây là hình thái mệnh đề danh từ khá phổ biến, thường theo sau các ngoại động từ, ngoại động từ đa, đặc biệt ở cấu trúc câu gián tiếp. Eg. He didn’t know what to do first. They told them how to deal with the problem. Ha asked where he was going. She wanted to know what time the next train arrived. c. Whether/ if – clauses: Dùng với cấu trúc câu hỏi nghi vấn ở câu gián tiếp. Eg. She asked if I could answer the phone. They wanted to know whether the train was any late. B. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE.

(29) 1. The phrases of purpose: to V/ so as to V/ in order to V và dạng phủ định S + verb + to/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb = To/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb, S + verb Eg. To be better at English, he attended an evening class = He attended an evening class to be better at English. In order to be better at English, he attended an extra-class. He attended an extra-class so as to be better at English. 2. The clause of purpose with “so/ therefore” Các mệnh đề chỉ mục đích đợc đi cùng với liên từ so that. Sau so that là một mệnh đề kết quả gồm chủ ngữ và động từ. Thời gian của mệnh đề kết quả phải ở tơng lai trong mối quan hệ với thời gian của mệnh đề chỉ mục đích. S + V, so S + V hay S + V, therefore S + V Eg. It rained so heavily, so we cancelled the trip. He learned hard, therefore he got better and better grades. C. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION Mệnh đề nhợng bộ: Là loại mệnh đề diễn đạt 2 ý trái ngợc trong cùng một câu thông qua một số thành ngữ. 1. Phrases of concession with: despite / in spite of (mÆc dï) Đằng sau 2 thành ngữ này chỉ đợc phép sử dụng một ngữ danh từ, không đợc sử dụng một câu hoàn chỉnh. Despite/ In spite of + danh từ/ ngữ danh từ Eg. Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman. In spite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman. Jane will be admitted to the university despite her bad grades. Jane will be admitted to the university in spite of her bad grades. 2. Clauses of concession with: although, even though, though Đằng sau 3 thành ngữ này phải dùng một câu hoàn chỉnh không đợc dùng một ngữ danh từ. Although/ Though/ Even though S + V, S + V = S + V although/ though/ even though S + V Eg. Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman. Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has a bad grades. Lu ý: Nếu though đứng ở cuối câu, tách ra khỏi câu bằng 1 dấu phẩy. Khi nói hơi dừng lại một chút, lúc đó nó t ơng đơng víi nghÜa “ tuy nhiªn” (however). Eg. He promised to call me, but till now I haven’t received any call from him, though. Mét sè thÝ dô bæ trî: In spite of the bad weather, we are going to have a picnic. The child ate the cookie even though his mother had told him not to. Although the weather was very bad, we had a picnic. The committee voted to ratify the amendment despite the objections. Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep. She attended the class although she did not feel alert. 3. Clauses of concession with: despite/ in spite of the fact that Despite/ In spite of + the fact that S + V S + V =S + V despite/ in spite of + the fact that S + V Mét sè thÝ dô bæ trî: In spite of the fact that the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic. The child ate the cookie despite the fact that his mother had told him not to.. TIẾT 33 + 34 Ngày soạn:. PHẦN VII /. – PHRASES VS. CLAUSES. /. Ngày giảng: / / D. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1. Conditional sentences type 1 (real condition) – Câu điều kiện có thực: Kết quả có thể được thực hiện ở hiện tại. hoặc tương lai khi điều kiện ứng nghiệm (xảy ra) If + S + simple present + S + will/shall/ can/ may + [verb in simple form] If I have the money, I will buy a new car. If you try more, you will improve your English. We will have plenty of time to finish the project before dinner if it is only ten o’clock now. If + S + simple present tense + S + ... + simple present tense Mẫu câu này còn đợc dùng để diễn tả một thói quen. Ví dụ: If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon (không có động từ khuyÕt thiÕu.) John usually walks to school if he has enough time. If + S+ simple present tense ... + command form* ... * Nên nhớ rằng mệnh lệnh thức ở dạng đơn giản của động từ. ( simple form) Mẫu câu trên có nghĩa là nhờ ai, ra lệnh cho ai lµm g×. Eg. If you go to the Post Office, please mail this letter for me. Please call me if you hear from Jane. Eg..

(30) 2. Conditional sentences type 2 (unreal present condition) – Câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại: Kết quả không thể được thực hiện ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai bởi điều kiện chỉ là giả định (không thể xảy ra) If + S + simple past + S+ would/should/ could/ might + verb in simple form Eg. If I had enough money now, I would buy this house ( but now I don’t have enough money.) If I had the time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend. (but I don’t have the time.) ( I’m not going to the beach with you.) He would tell you about it if he were here. ( he won’t tell you about it.) ( He is not here). If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him. (He speaks very quickly.) (You can’t understand him.) Lu ý: §éng tõ to be sau if ë mÉu c©u nµy ph¶i chia lµm were ë tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i. I... they were. Eg. If I were you, I wouldn’t do such a thing. (but I’m not you.) 3. Conditional sentences type 3 (unreal past condition) – Câu điều kiện không có thực ở quá khứ: Kết quả không thể được thực hiện trong quá khứ bởi điều kiện chỉ là giả định (không thể xảy ra) If + S + pastperfect + S + would/should/ could / might + have + P2 Eg. If we hadn’t lost the way we could have been here in time. (but in fact we lost the way, so we were late.) If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter. (We didn’t know that you were there.) ( we didn’t write you a letter.) She would have sold the house if she had found the right buyer. (She didn’t sell the house.) (She didn’t find the right buyer.) If we hadn’t lost the way, we would have arrived sooner. (We lost our way.) (we didn’t arrive early.) Câu điều kiện không phải lúc nào cũng tuân theo đúng công thức trên, trong một số trờng hợp 1 vế của câu điều kiện ở quá khứ còn một vế lại ở hiện tại do thời gian của từng mệnh đề quy định. Eg. If she had caught the flight she would be here by now. Lu ý: Trong một số trờng hợp ở câu điều kiện không thể thực hiện đợc ở thời quá khứ, ngời ta bỏ if đi và đảo had lên. ®Çu c©u nhng ý nghÜa vÉn gi÷ nguyªn. Had + S + [verb in past participle ]... Had we known you were there, we would have written you a letter. Had she found the right buyer, she would have sold the house. Hadn’t we lost the way, we would have arrived sooner. 4. Special uses of “if” clauses – Một số cách sử dụng của mệnh đề “If” Thờng những động từ này không đợc dùng đằng sau if nhng nếu đợc dùng nó sẽ mang ý nghĩa sau: If you will /would. Thờng đợc dùng trong các yêu cầu lịch sự ( Would lịch sự hơn) Eg. If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr John is here. (NÕu c« vui lßng chê mét chót, t«i sÏ xem liÖu «ng John cã ë ®©y kh«ng.) I would be very grateful if you will/ would make an arrangement for me. If you could + verb in simple form. Nếu ông vui lòng - Ngòi nói cho rằng ngời kia sẽ đồng ý nh một lẽ tất nhiên Eg. If you could fill in this form. If you could open your books. If + S + will / would. Nếu ... chịu - Diễn đạt ý tự nguyện Eg. If he will (would) listen to me, I can help him. NÕu nã chÞu nghe theo lêi t«i th× t«i cã thÓ gióp nã. If + S + will. DiÔn t¶ sù ngoan cè. Eg. If you will learn English this way, a failure for TOFEL test is sure awaiting you. Eg.. Nếu cậu mà cứ học tiếng Anh theo cách này thì trợt kỳ thi TOFEL chắc chắn đang chờ đón cậu. If + S +should. Diễn đạt một hành động dù rất có thể đợc song khả năng rất ít và khi nói ngời nói không tin là sự việc lại có thể xảy ra. Eg. If you shouldn’t know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number. NÕu anh kh«ng biÕt c¸ch sö dông chiÕc tivi nµy, h·y gäi ®iÖn cho t«i sè m¸y nµy. (Nãi vËy nhng ngêi nãi kh«ng cho rằng là anh ta lại không biết sử dụng chiếc tivi đó.) If you should have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me. (Ngời thầy không cho rằng cậu học sinh lại không làm đợc những bài tập đó - vì chúng rất dễ hoặc cậu học trò rÊt th«ng minh) - Trong một số trờng hợp ngời ta bỏ if đi và đảo should lên đầu câu mà ngữ nghĩa không thay đổi. Eg. Should you have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me. Should it be cloudy and gray, the groundhog will suP.Posedly wander around for food - a sign that spring is near. Nếu trời có nhiều mây và bầu trời xám xịt thì ngời ta cho là con sóc đất sẽ đi lang thang kiếm ăn - đó là dấu hiệu của mùa Xuân đang tới gần. Thực ra, khi sử dụng cấu trúc này thì tác giả cho rằng khi con sóc đất chui ra th× rÊt hiÕm khi trêi l¹i cã nhiÒu m©y vµ bÇu trêi l¹i x¸m l¹i - cã thÓ lµ do kÕt qu¶ thèng kª. 5. Special conditions: even if + nagative verb (cho dï ...).

(31) You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready. Whether or not + positive verb (dï cã ... hay kh«ng) He likes watching TV whether or not the show is god. unless + positive verb = if ... not (trõ phi, nÕu ... kh«ng) If you don’t start at once, you will be late. = You will be late unless you start at once. But for that + unreal condition (nÕu kh«ng th× ....) Her father pays her fees, but for that she wouldn’t be here ( but she is here) present. ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc ë hiÖn t¹i. My car broke down, but for that I could have come in time.. qu¸ khø. ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc ë qu¸ khø. otherwise + conditional sentence kÎo, nÕu kh«ng th× .... - Điều kiện có thể thực hiện đợc. We must be back before midnight, otherwise I will be locked out. - Điều kiện không thực hiện đợc. Her father pays her fees, otherwise she couldn’t be here. present. ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc ë hiÖn t¹i. I used a computer, otherwise it would have taken longer. qu¸ khø. ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc ë qu¸ khø. Nhận xét. Trong tiếng Anh hàng ngày, ngời ta dùng or... else để thay thế cho otherwise. Provided/ providing (that) (víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ, miÔn lµ ). You can camp here provided (that) you leave no mess. Suppose/ supposing ? = what ... if ...? (gi¶ sö v× sao, nÕu v× sao) SuP.Pose the plane is late? = what will happen if the plane is late? - Từ nối này còn đợc sử dụng để đem ra lời gợi ý. SuP.Pose you ask him = why don’t you ask him? What if I’m- tao thÕ th× sao nµo ®a ra sù th¸ch thøc. Hy väng lµ... If only + simple present / will V = hope that s will v If only he comes in time (hy vọng anh ấy đến đúng giờ) If only he will head your advice.. Gi¸ mµ - tr¸i víi thùc tÕ. If only + simple past/ past perfect = wish that If only he didn’t smoke. (but he doesn’t) If only she had come in time. (but she didn’t) if only + would verb - íc sao, mong sao dùng để diễn đạt một ớc muốn ở hiện tại If only he would drive more slowly (but he drive so fast) hoÆc mét íc muèn v« väng ë t¬ng lai. If only it would stop raining. Mong sao trời đừng ma nữa - nhng thực tế thì trời đang ma rất to. 6. Mixed conditions: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp đạc biệt. a. For a true action: Với khả năng thực tế, câu mệnh lệnh. Eg. If she comes, call me. (= Maybe she is coming or she has promised to come) If the weather stays fine, we can arrive on time. (= The weather is now fine and there’s no sign of the bad changes) b. For a suggestion: Với lời đề nghị, khuyên răn. Eg. If she comes, you should call me. (= I suggest calling me when she comes) You’d better cancel the project if it is possible. (= It’s best for you to cancel the project) c. For a present subjunction but past unfulfilled result. Với giả định hiện tại mà kết quả không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ. Điều giả định này luôn đúng ở hiện tại. Eg. If I were you, I would have agreed with him yesterday. (The action hadn’t been done in the past but the subjunction is at present. Mãi mãi tôi vẫn không thể là cậu được, đây là thực tế nên không cần chuyển điều kiện về quá khứ hoàn thành) c. For a past subjunction but present unfulfilled result. Với giả định quá khứ mà kết quả không thể xảy ra ở hiện tai. Điều giả định này được coi là quá khứ của quá khứ, nhưng kết quả là phi lý. Eg. If I had been there last time, I would agree to lend him the money. (The action hasn’t been done up to now, this is only my regret. Sự tiếc nuối của tôi khi nghe bạn thuật lại vụ việc giả định của tôi rơi vào hoàn cảnh quá khứ, nhưng kết quả này đã không xảy ra trước đó). TIẾT 35 + 36 Ngày soạn:. PHẦN VII /. 1. Because/ because of. /. – PHRASES VS. CLAUSES. Ngày giảng: / / E. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON.

(32) - Because ( không có of) đòi hỏi đằng sau nó là một câu hoàn chỉnh (phải có chủ ngữ và động t ừ). Because S + V, S+ V = S + V because S + V - Because of đòi hỏi đằng sau nó là một danh từ hoặc 1 ngữ danh từ ( không đợc phép có động từ liên hợp). ... because of + danh tõ ( hoÆc côm danh tõ) Lu ý: Because of cã thÓ thay thÕ cho thµnh ng÷ due to. Jan was worried because it had started to rain. = Jan was worried because of the rain. Subject. verb. noun. The students arrived late because there was a traffic jam. verb. subject. The students arrived late because of the traffic jam. noun phrase. We have to cut down on our driving because there is an oil shortage. verb. subject. We have to cut down on our driving because of the oil shortage. noun phrase. 2. §éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n Động từ gây nguyên nhân đ ợc sử dụng để chỉ ra một ng ời gây cho ngời thứ hai làm một việc gì đó cho ng ời thứ nhất. Một ngời có thể gây cho ai đó phải làm cái gì đó cho anh ta hoặc cho chị ta qua việc chi trả tiền, yêu cầu, hoặc c ỡng ép ngời đó. Các động từ gây nguyên nhân là: have, get, make. a. have/ get / make Mệnh đề theo sau have hoặc get có thể ở dạng chủ động hoặc bị động. (Sai ai, khiến ai, bảo ai làm gì) to have sb do st = to get sb to do st Mary had John wash the car (John washed the car). Mary got John to wash the car. (John washed the car.) to have / get st done = (®a c¸i g× ®i lµm...) - Bản thân mình không làm đợc nên nhờ 1 ngời khác làm. Eg. Mary got the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.) Mary had the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.) I have the laundry washed. (the laundry is washed by someone) to want / like something done Mẫu câu hỏi của 2 động từ này sẽ là: - What do you want done to ... Anh muèn lµm g× víi .... Eg. - What do you want done to your motorbike? - I’d like it repaired and cleaned hoÆc I want it repaired and cleaned. ( buéc ai ph¶i lµm g×.) to make sb do st = to force sb to do st Eg. The robber forced the teller to give him the money.= The robber made the teller give him the money. Động từ to make vả to cause còn đợc dùng theo mẫu sau: (lµm cho ai, c¸i g× bÞ lµm sao) to make sb do st = to cause st +P2 Eg. Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday. The hurricane caused many water front houses damaged.. b. Đằng sau động từ to make còn có thể dùng 1 tính từ. to make sb / st + adjective Eg. Wearing flowers made her more beautiful. Đi theo hớng này thì động từ to find có thể dùng theo công thức: to find + sb/ sth + adjective (P1- P2) Nếu là phân từ 1 sẽ mang tính chủ động còn phân từ 2 mang tính bị động. Eg. I found her quite interesting to talk to. My sister found snakes frightening - con rắn đáng sợ. We found the boy frightened - b¶n th©n th»ng bÐ sî. c. Let. Let thờng đợc bổ sung và danh sách các động từ gây nguyên nhân trong các sách ngữ pháp. Nhng thực chất thì nó không phải là động từ gây nguyên nhân. Nó nghĩa là allow hay permit. Ta hãy lu ý sự khác nhau về mặt ngữ pháp khi sö dông to let vµ to allow hay permit. let sb do st = to allow/ permit sb to do st = cho phép ai, để ai làm gì Eg. John let his daughter swim with her friends. (John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.) (John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.) The teacher let the students leave class early./ The policeman let the suspect make one phone call. Dr. Jones is letting the students hand in the papers on Monday. Mrs. Binion let her son spend the night with a friend./ We are going to let her write the letter. Mr. Brown always lets his children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings. d. Help. Help thực chất cũng không phải là một động từ gây nguyên nhân, nhng nói chung đợc xem xét cùng với các động từ gây nguyên nhân trong các sách ngữ pháp. Nó thờng đi với động từ ở dạng simple form (tức là động từ nguyên thể bỏ to), nhng có thể đi với động từ nguyên thể trong một số trờng hợp..

(33) Eg. Eg.. to help sb do/ to do st - gièng nhau vÒ nghÜa. = gióp ai lµm g× Eg. John helped Mary wash the dishes. Jorge helped the old woman with the packages (to) find a taxi. The teacher helped Carolina find the research materials. - Nếu tân ngữ sau help là một đại từ vô nhân xng mang nghĩa ngời ta thì ngời ta bỏ đi và và bỏ luôn cả to của động từ đằng sau. This wonderful drug helps (people to) recover more quickly. - Nếu tân ngữ của help và tân ngữ thứ 2 của động từ đằng sau trùng hợp nhau thì ng ời ta bỏ tân ngữ sau help và bỏ luôn cả to của động từ đằng sau. The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation.. F. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES 1. The use of “as if/ as though”(Có nghĩa là : dờng nh là, nh thể là) Mệnh đề đằng sau 2 thành ngữ này thờng hay ở dạng điều kiện không thể thực hiện đợc và chia làm 2 thời: a. The present sense: Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề trớc chia ở simple present thì động từ ở mệnh đề sau phải chia ở simple past, động từ to be sẽ phải chia ở là were ở tất cả các ngôi. S + verb (simple present) + as if/ as though + S + verb (simple past) Eg. The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer. (It is not winter.) HiÖn t¹i. qu¸ khø. Angelique walks as though she studied modelling. (She didn’t study modelling) HiÖn t¹i. qu¸ khø. He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich) HiÖn t¹i. qu¸ khø. b. The past sense: Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề trớc chia ở simple past thì động từ ở mệnh đề 2 phải chia ở past perfect. S + verb (simple past) + as if/ as though + S + verb (past perfect) Eg. Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize. (She didn’t win the grand prize.) Past simple. past perfect. Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost. (She didn’t see a ghost.) Past simple. past perfect. He looked as though he had run ten miles. (He didn’t run ten miles.) Past simple. past perfect. Cả 2 dạng chia đó sau as if đều diễn đạt điều kiện không thể thực hiện đợc. Lu ý: Trong một số trờng hợp nếu điều kiện là có thật thì 2 công thức trên không đợc tuân theo. Động từ lại trở về dạng b×nh thêng theo diÔn biÕn cña c©u. Eg. He looks as if he has finish the test. 2. The use of with and hope: Hai động từ này tuy đồng nghĩa nhng khác nhau về mặt ngữ pháp. + Đằng sau động từ to hope là một câu diễn biến bình thờng. Eg. I hope that they will come. ( I don’t know if they are coming.) ( T«i hy väng lµ hä sÏ tíi.) We hope that they came yesterday. ( We don’t know if they came.) + Nhng động từ to wish lại đòi hỏi đằng sau nó phải là một điều kiện không thể thực hiện đợc. Điều kiện này chia làm 3 thêi. a. The future sense: Động từ ở mệnh đề sau sẽ phải là Would / could + verb hoặc were + Ving. S+ wish + (that) + S* + could/ would/ were + verb/ V-ing Subject* : có thể là cùng hoặc khác chủ ngữ với chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính. Eg. We wish that you could come to the party tonight. (You can’t come.) I wish that you would stop saying that. (You probably won’t stop.) She wish that she were coming with us. ( She is not coming with us.) b. The present sense: Động từ ở mệnh đề 2 sẽ chia ở simple past. Động từ to be phải chia làm were ở tất cả các ngôi. S + wish + (that) + S* + verb in simple past ... Eg. I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework. ( I don’t have enough time.) We wish that he were old enough to come with us. ( He is not old enough.) They wish that they didn’t have to go to class today. ( They have to go to class.) c. The past sense: Động từ ở mệnh đề sau sẽ phải chia ở Past perfect hoặc Could have + P2 S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect/ could have + P2 Eg. I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. ( I didn’t wash the clothes yesterday.) She wish that she could have been there. ( She couldn’t be there.) We wish that we had had more time last night. ( We didn’t have more time.) Lu ý: Động từ wish chỉ có thể ảnh hởng đến mệnh đề đằng sau nó bằng cách buộc mệnh đề đó phải ở điều kiện không thể thực hiện đợc. Nhng điều kiện đó ở thời nào lại do thời gian của mệnh đề đó quyết định không hề phụ thuộc vào thời của động từ to wish. Eg. He wished that he could come to the party next week. Qu¸ khø. §iÒu kiÖn ë t¬ng lai. T¬ng lai. The photographer wished that we stood closer together than we are standing now. Qu¸ khø. ®iÒu kiÖn ë hiÖn t¹i. hiÖn t¹i.

(34) - Ph¶i ph©n biÖt víi to wish ë d¹ng c©u nµy víi nghÜa íc g×, mong g× víi to wish trong mÉu c©u sau: to wish somebody something Eg. I wish you a happy birthday. 3. Ba động từ đặc biệt - Đó là những động từ mà nghĩa của chúng sẽ hơi biến đổi nếu động từ đằng sau tân ngữ của nó lµ mét nguyªn thÓ bá to hay verbing. hear to watch somebody do something = Hành động trọn vẹn từ đầu tới cuối. see hear to watch somebody doing something = Hành động có tính nhất thời, không trọn vẹn. see eg. I didn’t hear the telephone ring. I didn’t hear the telephone ringing. I see her sing./ I see her singing. 4. Câu giả định đặc biệt với các động, tính, danh từ: a. §éng tõ. Lµ lo¹i c©u mµ ngêi thø nhÊt muèn ngêi thø 2 lµm mét viÖc g× cho m×nh, nhng lµm hay kh«ng. còn tuỳ thuộc vào phía ngời thứ 2. Bảng một số động từ bắt buộc động từ sau nó phải ở dạng giả định. advise demand prefer require ask insist propose stipulate command move recommend suggest decree Order request urge - Trong câu nhất định phải có that. - Động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to. S1 + verb + that + S 2+ [verb in simple form] ... Eg. We urge that he leave now. Nếu bỏ that đi chủ ngữ 2 sẽ trở thành tân ngữ, động từ trở về dạng nguyên thể có to, câu sẽ mất đi ý nghĩa giả định và trở thành câu bình thờng. Eg. We urge him to leave now. Lu ý : Trong tiếng Anh của ngời Anh (British English), trớc động từ nguyên thể bỏ to có should. Nhng trong tiếng Anh cña ngêi Mü (American English) ngêi ta bá nã ®i. Mét sè vÝ dô: The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately. The university requires that all its students take this course. The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking./ Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished. We proposed that he take a vacation./ I move that we adjourn until this afternoon. b. Câu giả định dùng với tính từ: Các tính từ dùng trong câu giả định gồm các tính từ trong bảng dới đây. advised necessary recommended urgent important obligatory required imperative mandatory proposed suggested Trong công thức sau, adjective chỉ định một trong các tính từ có trong bảng trên. It + be + adjective + that + S + [verb in simple form ]... ( any tense). Mét sè vÝ dô: It is necessary that he find the books. It was urgent that she leave at once./ It has been proposed that we change the topic. It is important that you remember this question./ It has been suggested that he forget the election. It was recommended that we wait for the authorities. c. Câu giả định dùng với danh từ: Trong một số trờng hợp có thể dùng danh từ tơng ứng với các tính từ ở trên theo c«ng thøc sau. It + be + noun + that + S + [verb in simple form ]... ( any tense). Eg. It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stop smoking. d. Dùng với một số trờng hợp khác: Câu giả định còn dùng đợc trong một số câu cảm thán, thờng bao hàm các thế lực siªu nhiªn. Eg. God save the queen !. Chóa phï hé cho n÷ hoµng. God be with you ! = good bye (khi chia tay nhau) Curse this frog !: chÕt tiÖt con cãc nµy. - Dïng víi mét sè thµnh ng÷: Come what may: dï cã chuyÖn g× ®i n÷a. Eg. Come what may we will stand by you. If need be : nÕu cÇn Eg. If need be we can take another road. - Dùng với if this be trong trờng hợp muốn nêu ra một giả định từ phía ngời nói nhng không thật chắc chắn lắm về khả n¨ng. Eg. If this be proven right, you would be considered innocent. e. Câu giả định dùng với it is time It is time (for sb) to do st : đã đến lúc phải làm gì. (thời gian vừa vặn, không đa ra giả định) Eg. It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time). Nhng: It is time It is high time subject + simple past (đã đến lúc – giả định thời gian đến trễ một chút).

(35) It is about time Nhận xét: High/ about đợc dựng trớc time để thêm vào ý nhấn mạnh. Eg. It’s high time I left for the airport. (it is a little bit late) G. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT 1. Phrase of result: Thường dùng với “TOO”/ “ENOUGH” theo cấu trúc sau: S + be (look/ seem/ get/ become/…) + too ADJ (for O) + to V S + V + too ADV (for O) + to V Eg. He is too short to play football./ He ran too slowly to become the winner of the race. Lưu ý: “TOO” mang hàm ý phủ định “quá…không thể’ nhưng “ENOUGH” lại có nghĩa “đủ…để” S + be + ADJ enough (for O) + to V hay S + V + ADV enough (for O) + to V Eg. She ín’t old enough to drive a car. / He spoke English well enough to be an enterpreter. 2. Clause of result: S + verb + so that / in order that + S + verb Lu ý: MÆc dï trong v¨n nãi cã thÓ chÊp nhËn kh«ng cã that nhng trong v¨n viÕt buéc ph¶i cã that. He studied very hard so that he could pass the test. (nó đã học rất chăm chỉ để có thể qua đợc kỳ thi) She is sending the package early so that it will arrive in time for her sister’s birthday. Damien is practicing the guitar so that he can play for the dance. I am learning German so that I will be able to speak it when I go to Austria next summer. Susan drove to Miami instead of flying so that she could save money. Will you let me know about the party so that I can make plans to attend? 3. Cause and effect: Những cấu trúc sau đây đợc sử dụng để chỉ mối quan hệ nhân quả. Subject + verb + so + adj/ adv + that + S + verb Lu ý: Kh«ng sö dông mét danh tõ sau so. Cßn muèn dïng danh tõ th× xem c¸c cÊu tróc díi ®©y. The soprano sang so well that she received a standing ovation. Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record. Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary. The soup tastes so good that every one will ask for more. The little boy looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for him. The students had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.. 3. Các cấu trúc chứa các bổ ngữ cờng độ: S + verb + so + few/ many + dt ®2 sè nhiÒu + that + S + verb Eg. The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team. I had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one. S + verb + so + much/ little + dt kh«ng ®2 + that + S + verb He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now. The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat. S + verb + such + a + adjective + dt ®2 sè Ýt + that ... S + verb + so + adjective + a + dt ®2 sè Ýt + that ... Lu ý: Such + a + adjec tive thờng đợc dùng nhiều hơn trong 2 cấu trúc trên. It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors/ It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors. It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down/ It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down. S + verb + such + adjective + N đếm được số nhiều/ N không đđ+ that + S+ verb Eg. She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her. dt đếm đợc số nhiều. They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one. dt đếm đợc số nhiều. Perry has had such bad luck that he’s decided not to gamble. dt không đếm đợc. This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it. dt không đếm đợc Lu ý: Ta kh«ng thÓ sö dông so trong cÊu tróc trªn. 4. Ph©n tÝch nghÜa cña c¸c cÊu tróc trªn. Eg. It has been such a long time since I’ve seen him that I’m not sure if I will remember him ( Tôi không biết liệu tôi có nhận đợc ra nó không vì đã lâu lắm rồi tôi không gặp nó.) Nguyªn nh©n: It has been a long time. KÕt qu¶ : I’m not sure if I will remember him. He has so heavy a work load that it is difficult for him to travel. ( Thật là khó đối với anh ta trong chuyện đi du lịch bởi vì anh ta có nhiều công việc phải làm.) Nguyªn nh©n: He has a very heavy work load. KÕt qu¶ : It is difficult for him to travel. Peter has such long fingers that he should play the piano. (Peter nên chơi đàn Piano bởi vì nó có những ngón tay dài.) Nguyªn nh©n: Peter has such long fingers. KÕt qu¶ : He should play the piano..

(36) Professor Sands gives such interesting lectures that his classes are never boring. (c¸c giê häc cña gi¸o s Sands ch¼ng bao giê buån tÎ bëi v× «ng Êy thêng ®a ra nh÷ng bµi gi¶ng hÕt søc thó vÞ.) Nguyªn nh©n: Professor Sands gives very interesting lectures. KÕt qu¶ : His classes are never boring. This is such tasty ice cream that I’ll have another helping. (T«i sÏ gäi mét suÊt kem n÷a v× nã rÊt ngon.) Nguyªn nh©n: The ice cream is very tasty. KÕt qu¶ : I’ll have another helpin. TIẾT 37 + 38 Ngày soạn:. PHẦN VII /. /. – PHRASES VS. CLAUSES. Ngày giảng: / / H. RELATIVE CLAUSES. 1. Relative pronouns: Subject. Object. Possessive. For persons. who. whom/who. whose. For things. that which that. that which that. whose/of which. a. WHO: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. Eg. The man who told you I was out met me in the park. The person who you wanted to see died days ago. This is the lady who helped my mom. That’s the one who we need to contact. b. WHOM: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. Eg. That’s the one whom we need to contact. The person whom you wanted to see died days ago. The one to whom he wanted to talk was out. Mr. Ba, from whom we got news, was escaped yesterday. c. WHOSE: Là tính từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu, kết hợp với một danh từ, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. Eg. This is the lady whose son cheated me. The country whose people were struggling against floods announced the situation of disasters yesterday. d. WHICH: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. Eg. The book which you liked was sold. This is the bike which is my birthday present. The house, which was on fire, was built long ago e. THAT: Là đại từ quan hệ thay thế, dùng để thay thế cho các đại từ quan hệ như WHO, WHICH, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ, ngoài ra còn được sử dụng trong câu chẻ. Eg. The book that you liked was sold. This is the bike that I want to buy. The one that told you I was out met me in the park./ The person that you wanted to see died days ago f. WHEN: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, có vai trò là mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. Eg. The day when she left was rainy. The time when we reunite is uncertain. g. WHERE: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, có vai trò là mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn. Eg. This is the house where he lived in his childhood. The place where we play football is a football ground. h. WHY: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, nguyên nhân, có vai trò là mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân. Eg. The reason why she left was unknown. That’s why we are worrying now. 2. Relative clauses: a. Restrictive Relative Clauses: Đây là loại mệnh đề cần thiết có mặt để câu có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu không đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa (Chủ từ chưa được xác định) Eg. The man who keeps the library is Mr. Green. (The man is Mr. Green thì rõ, nhưng The man keeps the library thì không rõ là ai) That is the book that I like best. (là cuốn mà tôi thích trong vô vàn cuốn sách) b. Non- Restrictive Relative Clauses: Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết có mặt mà câu vẫn có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu vẫn đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa vì tiền ngữ (chủ từ) đã xác định. Loại mệnh đề này thường cách mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phảy, hoặc thường có các tính từ hay đại từ chỉ định hay sở hữu như: this, that, these, those, his, my,… Eg. That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr. Pike This is Mrs. Jones, who helped me last week./ Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar. 3. Reduced clauses: a. Present Participle Phrase: (V-ING phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một ngữ danh động từ V-ING để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể chủ động. Eg. The man who is sitting next to you is Mr. Mike. = The man sitting next to you is Mr. Pike. Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday? = Do you know the boy breaking ….? b. Past Participle Phrase: (V-ED phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một ngữ tính từ V-ED để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể bị động..

(37) Eg.. The man who was arrested by the police is Mr. Mike. = The man arrested by the police is Mr. Pike. Do you know the boy who was punished by the headmaster yesterday? = Do you know the boy punished by the headmaster yesterday? c. Infinitive Phrase: (to V phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một ngữ động từ to V để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ trong trường hợp mệnh đề có chứa các từ FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, LAST, ONLY... có thể dùng với cấu trúc “for O + to V”, hoặc một số mệnh đề mang tính rang buộc nhiệm vụ… Eg. English is an important language which we have to master. = English is an important language to master/ for us to master. He is the only one who know the answer. = He is the only one to know thư answer. d. Noun Phrase: : (Noun phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một hoặc một cụm danh từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu mệnh đề đó mang ngữ danh từ (thường chỉ nghề nghiệp). Eg. Mr. Ba, who is our new form teacher, is a B.A. = Mr. Ba, our new form teacher, is a B.A. The man who is a new manager of the office is still young. = The man - a new manager of the office is still very young. I. CLEFT SENTENCES 1. Subject focus: Nhấn mạnh tới chủ ngữ, chủ thể của hành động hoặc đối tượng được đề cập. S + V → It be S that/ who V Eg. Nam helped me a lot. → It was Nam who helped me a lot. The book tells us a romantic story. → It is the book that tells us a romantic story. 2. Object focus: Nhấn mạnh tới tân ngữ, chủ thể nhận hay chịu tác động của hành động. S + V + O → It be O that/ whom S + V Eg. She bought the dictionary. → It was the dictionary that she bought. We saw Mai at the party. → It was Mai who we saw at the party. 3. Adverbials focus: Nhấn mạnh tới trạng ngữ, đề cập tới thời gian, nơi chốn, cách thức, phương pháp của hành vi. S + V + A → It be A that S + V Eg. We first met in this park. → It was in this park that we first met. She left on a rainy day. → It was on a rainy day that she left.. TIẾT 39 + 40 Ngày soạn:. PHẦN VII /. /. – PHRASES VS. CLAUSES. Ngày giảng:. /. /. PART VIII: INDIRECT SPEECH – CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, GIÁN TIẾP 1. Trong câu trực tiếp thông tin đi từ ngời thứ nhất đến ngời thứ 2. Eg. He said “ I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday” Còn trong câu gián tiếp, thông tin đi từ ngời thứ nhất qua ngời thứ 2 và đến ngời thứ 3. Do vậy có sự biến đổi về mÆt ng÷ ph¸p. Eg. He said he had bought a new motorbike for myself the day before. 2. Phơng pháp chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp Khi chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần phải: Phá bỏ ngoặc kép, chuyển đổi toàn bộ các đại từ nhân xng theo ngôi chủ ngữ thứ nhất sang đại từ nhân xng ngôi thø 3. Lùi động từ ở vế thứ 2 xuống 1 cấp so với ở mức ban đầu (lùi về thời). Chuyển đổi tất cả các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ thời gian theo bảng quy định. a. Bảng đổi động từ DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH simple present simple past present progressive past progressive present perfect (progressive) past perfect (progressive) simple past past perfect will /shall would / should can / may could / might. b. Bảng đổi các loại từ khác. this, these here, overhere today yesterday the day before yesterday tomorrow. that, those there, overthere that day the day before two days before the following day/ the next day.

(38) the day after tomorrow in two days’ time next + thêi gian (week, year ...) the following + thêi gian (week, year...) last + thêi gian (week, year ...) the privious + thêi gian (week, year...) thêi gian + ago thêi gian + before/ the privious +thêi gian - Nếu là nói và thuật lại xảy ra trong cùng một ngày thì không cần phải đổi thời gian. Eg. At breakfast this morning he said “ I will be very busy today” At breakfast this morning he said he would be very busy today. - Việc điều chỉnh logic tất nhiên là cần thiết nếu lời nói đợc thuật lại sau đó 1 hoặc 2 ngày. Eg. thø 2 Jack nãi víi Tom: I’m leaving the day after tomorrow. (tøc lµ thø 4 Jack sÏ rêi ®i) NÕu Tom thuËt l¹i lêi nãi cña Jack vµo ngµy h«m sau (tøc lµ thø 3) th× Tom sÏ nãi: Jack said he was leaving tomorrow. NÕu Tom thuËt l¹i lêi nãi cña Jack vµo ngµy tiÕp theo (ngµy thø 4) th× Tom sÏ nãi: Jack said he was leaving today. 3. §éng tõ víi t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp vµ t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp.. Trong tiếng Anh có những loại động từ (trong bảng sau)có 2 tân ngữ và đồng thời cũng có 2 cách dùng. bring, build, buy find, get, give make, offer, owe promiss, read, sell cut, draw, feed, tell hand, leave, lend, write paint, pass, pay send, show, teach - Cách dùng gián tiếp đặt tân ngữ trực tiếp sau động từ rồi đến giới từ for, to và tân ngữ gián tiếp S + V + Od + for/ to + Oi - Cách dùng trực tiếp đặt tân ngữ gián tiếp ngay sau động từ và sau đó đến tân ngữ trực tiếp, giới từ to và for. mÊt ®i, c«ng thøc sau: S + verb + Oi (t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp) + Od (t©n ng÷ trực tiÕp) - Nếu cả 2 tân ngữ đều là đại từ nhân xng thì không đợc dùng công thức trực tiếp (tức là công thức thứ nhất đợc sö dông). Eg. Correct : They gave it to us./ Incorrect: They gave us it. - Động từ to introduce và to mention không bao giờ đợc dùng công thức trực tiếp mà phải dùng công thức gián tiếp. to introduce sb/st to sb to mention st to sb 4. Mét sè thÝ dô bæ trî John gave the essay to his teacher./ John gave his teacher the essay. The little boy brought some flowers for his grandmother. The little boy brought his grandmother some flowers. I fixed Maria a drink./ I fixed a drink for Maria. He drew a picture for his mother./ He drew his mother a picture. He lent his car to his bother./ He lent his brother his car. We owe several thousand dollars to the bank./ We owe the bank several thousand dollars.. TIẾT 41 + 42. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ 1. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. Choose one word whose underlined part is pronounced differently. Identify your answer by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D. 01. A. fingers B. families C. classes D. arms 02. A. large B. add C. subtract D. math 03. A. dumb B. demonstration C. young D. some 04. A. them B. both C. other D. then 05. A. learned B. arrived C. disabled D. retarded II. Choose one word whose stress pattern is different. Identify your answer by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D. 06. A. uniform B. applicant C. employment D. yesterday 07. A. tonight B. paper C. story D. lecture 08. A. interesting B. surprising C. amusing D. successful 09. A. engineer B. understand C. Vietnamese D. benefit 10. A. people B. afraid C. money D. army III. Choose from the four options given (marked A, B, C, and D) one best answer to complete each sentence by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D. 11. We stayed in the Grand Hotel ________ is very near the beach. A. which B. it C. where D. when 12. My car is quite ________. A. economic B. economical C. economy D. economics 13. There is ________ of fruits in Vietnam. A. various B. vary C. varied D. a variety.

(39) 14. In attacking the old lady, the youth committed a _____ crime. A. naughty B. bad C. heinous 15. More and more young people want a university ________. A. education B. educated C. educator 16. ___ is four miles from the city centre to the station. A. It B. There C. Such 17. Would you mind ____ standing in the boat, it upsets the balance? A. not B. no C. stop. D. evil D. educate D. That D. . 18. George mentioned ____ in accident as a child, but he never told us the details. A. having injured B. to have injured C. having been injured 19. Please don’t ____ against that wall. It dirties the new paint. A. itch B. tumble C. curl 20. Blood ____ are needed urgently, as the national blood bank reserves are getting low. A. donors B. offers C. givers 21. May I ________ your pen? A. lend B. do C. give 22. She dances ________ than her sister. A. the most beautifully B. more beautifully C. beautiful 23. The man spoke with a ________ accent. A. southwards B. south C. southbound 24. She arranged ___ her friend in the afternoon as the weather was fine. A. to meet B. to have met C. to be meeting 25. Could you tell me how far ____ from here to the next petrol station? A. is it B. it was C. it is 26. Last year, a new bridge over the Black River ________. A. is built B. builds C. was built 27. My sister is a very warm and ________ person. A. care B. carefulness C. careful 28. The rules are clear stated and admit _____ no confusion. A. to B. of C. for 29. It was _____ to rescue the drowning boy. A. too late B. so late as C. not enough 30. Recent EU legislation is aimed at removing trade ____ between member states. A. boundaries B. walls C. barriers 31. Once upon a time, there ____ three brothers in a cottage in the forest. A. live B. are C. were 32. Let’s buy our tickets while I still have ____ left. A. a few dollars B. a few dollar C. a few money 33. Halong is one of the most famous tourist________ in Vietnam. A. attractions B. attracting C. attract 34. ________ people are not always happy. A. Wealth B. Wealthy C. Wealthily 35. The biscuits that you sent over were ____ that I ate them all. A. very good B. so good C. good 36. Two of the books Tom lost on the bus ____ returned to the main desk at his room. A. had B. has C. was 37. The chairman asked the secretary to take the ____ of the meeting. A. notes B. discussions C. rulings 38. The man who designs a house is the ________. A. engineer B. architect C. painter 39. The outgoing president ____ victory to his opponent. A. admitted B. confessed C. claimed 40. Please go to ____ to pick up your ID card. A. third window B. window third C. the third window 41. Suddenly the lights ________ out and we were left in darkness. A. turned B. gave C. went 42. She thought German was more industrial ________ France. A. than B. as C. then. D. to have been injured D. lean D. volunteers D. borrow D. the most beautiful D. southern D. meeting D. was it D. built D. careless D. from D. much late D. fences D. lived D. little money D. attracted D. Wealthiest D. too good D. were D. minutes D. manager D. conceded D. the window D. put D. to.

(40) 43. You look so much like someone I knew years ago - it’s quite ____ . A. unspeakable B. unlikely C. uncanny D. unnatural 44. The old cottage had bow windows and a ____ roof. A. woven B. straw C. thatched D. plaited 45. ________ of people gathered in front of the church. A. A hundred B. Hundred C. Hundreds D. Two hundreds IV. Choose from the four alternatives given (marked A, B, C, and D) one that need correcting. Identify your answer by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D. This is a story that Charlie Chaplin liked to tell about himself. It happened after the great actor had become internationally famous. A theater announced that a competition would be held to see who could act like Charlie Chaplin. Those taking part in it had to dress like Chaplin, walk like Chaplin and act one of the role in a Chaplin’s film. When Charlie Chaplin heard about the competition, he decided to take part in the competition himself. Naturally, he kept his plan a secret from everybody. When the result of the competition were announced, Charlie said: “I didn’t know whether to feel angry or only surprised. I didn’t win the first prize. But after thinking about it, I decided that it would be best to laugh.” 46. Charlie didn’t ____ . A. allow this competition to be held B. tell anybody about his plan C. like the competition D. take part in the competition 47. When learning the news he decided _____ . A. not to be himself any more B. to keep a secret C. to laugh D. to be angry 48. People who took part in the competition had to ______ . A. be a great actor B. imitate Chaplin’s walking, dressing and acting C. sing a song D. keep a secret from other people 49. When the result of the competition was announced _____ . A. he learn that he had won the first prize B. he learnt that someone else had won the first prize C. he knew that a new film was a success D. he was very surprised and angry 50. This is a story which _____. A. was told by his friend. B. happened when he was not famous yet. C. Charlie was fond of telling D. was announced at the competition.. TIẾT 43 + 44. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ 2. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 10. By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can considerably increase their children's language development. It is surprising, but true. How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children's language development. If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the child's language skills increase. A study was done with two or three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the thirty children participants were in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-no questions. For example, the parent should ask, "What is the doggy doing?" rather than, "Is the doggy running away?" Experimental parents were also instructed how to expand on their children's answer, how to suggest alternative possibilities, and how to praise correct answers. At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ on levels of language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the experimental group were 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the children in the control group. 01. Parents can give great help to their children's language development by _____ them. A. experimenting B. responding to C. reading to D. adopting 02. What was the major difference between the control group and the experimental one in the study? A. The age of the children B. The training that parents received C. The books that were read D. The number of participants 03. What conclusion can be drawn from this passage? A. Children's language skills increase when they are required to respond actively B. Two or three-year-old children can be taught to read actively C. The more children read, the more intelligent they become D. Children who read actively always act six months earlier than those who don't.

(41) 04. During the training session, experimental parents were taught to _____. A. use yes-no questions B. ask open-ended questions C. study many experiments D. give correct answers 05. What does the word "they" in the second paragraph refer to? A. Participants B. Parents C. Questions D. Children II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction. 06. Many young people lack skills, good education, and financial to settle in the urban areas where many jobs are found. A. are found B. lack C. urban areas D. financial 07. Tom likes taking part sports, so he will join the football team of his school. A. taking part B. will join C. so D. of 08. I have been working hardly for two weeks and now I feel like a rest. A. a rest B. and C. have been working D. hardly 09. She brought a lot of money with her so that she needed buy some duty-free goods. A. needed buy B. duty-free goods C. with D. brought 10. We are going to visit our grandparents when we will finish our final exams. A. when B. our C. will D. are going to III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions. 11. A. promise B. despite C. enterprise D. economize 12. A. eight B. thought C. laugh D. high 13. A. chemist B. approach C. aching D. scholar 14. A. attracted B. engaged C. decided D. expected 15. A. ease B. appeal C. already D. team IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 16. He went back to work in his country after he ______ his course on Advanced Engineering in London. A. has finished B. finishes C. was finishing D. had finished 17. If I were you, I would advise her ______ the new teaching method. A. to try B. tries C. try D. trying 18. Could you fill out this ______ form? A. application B. applicable C. applying D. applicant 19. The football match was postponed ______ the bad weather. A. in spite B. because C. despite D. because of 20. Kim: "What ______ this weekend?" Sally: "Oh, we're going windsurfing. It's fantastic!" A. would you do B. are you doing C. do you go D. are you going 21. Ellen: "______?" Tom: "He's tall and thin with blue eyes." A. Who does John look like B. What does John look like C. What does John like D. How is John doing 22. A scientist who studies living things is a ______. A. biological B. biologically C. biology D. biologist 23. They are not ______ to take part in this program of the World Health Organization. A. old enough B. as old C. enough old D. so old 24. Maria: "Thanks for the lovely evening." Diana: "______." A. Yes, it's really great B. Oh, that's right C. No, it's not good D. I'm glad you enjoyed it 25. The recycling of waste paper ______ save a great amount of wood pulp. A. had better B. dare C. can D. need 26. Yesterday I met your brother, ______ had taken us to the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York before. A. that B. who C. whom D. whose 27. Endangered species ______ by the World Wildlife Fund. A. are protected B. will protect C. would protect D. be protected 28. High school students should be ______ for their future jobs before leaving school. A. well-prepared B. ill-spoken C. ill-prepared D. well-spoken 29. She didn't want to go ______ she knew all her friends would be there. A. so that B. therefore C. even though D. wherever 30. My father decided to ______ smoking after he had been smoking for ten years. A. take up B. get over C. put away D. give up.

(42) 31. Pat: "Would you like something to eat?" Kathy: "______. I'm not hungry now." A. Yes, I would B. No, thanks C. No, no problem D. 32. The government initiated the programme of ______ reform in the 1980s. A. economist B. economically C. economic D. 33. ______ students attended the meeting that there weren't enough chairs for all of them. A. So much B. Too many C. So few D. 34. I'm going ______ for a few days so don’t send me any more work. A. over B. in C. after D. 35. Kevin: "How far is it from here to the nearest post office?" Lan: "______." A. Two kilometers at least B. No, it's rather far C. Yes, it's quite near here D. Turn left and then turn right 36. Peter doesn't like scuba-diving. ______ does his brother. A. So B. Neither C. Either D. 37. If I had the map now, I ______ a short-cut across the desert. A. can take B. could take C. could have taken D. 38. I first met her two years ago when we ______ at Oxford University. A. were studying B. had been studying C. have been studying D. 39. David: "Could you bring me some water?" Waiter: "______." A. No, I can't B. Certainly, sir C. Yes, I can D. 40. My father is very busy. ______, he is always willing to give a hand with the housework. A. However B. Therefore C. Despite D.. TIẾT 45 + 46. Yes, it is economised So many away. Too take are studying I don't want to Although. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ 3. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 01. A new study group has been set ______ by the government. A. out B. away C. up D. down 02. We will always ______ the wonderful winter holiday we had in Australia. A. remind B. reflect C. revise D. remember 03. Reading books is still one of ______ most popular forms of entertainment. A. the B. a C. any D. an 04. The 22nd Southeast Asian Games were ______ in Vietnam from 5 th to 13th December 2003. A. conducted B. held C. taken D. carried 05. They laughed a lot last night. The film ______ have been very funny. A. must B. would C. can D. ought 06. Sales were poor last month; ______, there has been an increase this month. A. however B. otherwise C. because D. moreover 07. The salesman left a good ______ on his customers A. impression B. expression C. idea D. belief 08. Phil: “I'd like to become a tour guide. What do you think I should do?” Leonie: “______” A. Shall we have a package tour this summer? B. Yes, a tour guide is a good job! C. I think you should practise spoken English. D. I don't agree with you. 09. The longer he waited, ______ impatient he got. A. better B. the better C. the more D. more 10. He is very ______ because he is concerned only with his own interests and feelings. A. confident B. helpful C. selfish D. grateful 11. I am studying hard ______ get a place at a good university. A. so that B. in order to C. so as D. in order that 12. The factory in ______ John works is the biggest in the town. A. which B. that C. when D. where 13. The gardener fertilizes his land to ______ it more productive. A. do B. make C. help D. force 14. Two thieves ______ at a bus stop were arrested yesterday. A. having waited B. waiting C. were waiting D. wait 15. Each of us must take ______ for our own actions. A. ability B. probability C. responsibility D. possibility 16. Nowadays more and more women go out to work, and they become more ______ than they used to..

(43) A. independent B. dependence C. dependent D. independently 17. Susan: “Can you do the cooking today?” Bill: “______.” A. Oh, all right B. Yes, please C. I know that D. No, thank you 18. George: “In my opinion, action films are exciting.” Frankie: “______” A. Yes. Congratulations! B. What an opinion! C. You shouldn’t have said that. D. There’s no doubt about it 19. Last night, the train was delayed ______ the flood. A. since B. because of C. even though D. because 20. She suggested ______ for a drink. A. being gone B. to go C. going D. go 21. This machine is ______ easy to install and cheap to operate. A. comparatively B. comparative C. compare D. comparison 22. All of our rain forests ______ unless we find some ways to stop people from cutting down trees. A. were destroyed B. destroy C. will be destroyed D. will destroy 23. Please remember to ______ the lights as you leave the room. A. go out B. get out C. turn off D. set off 24. ______ his serious disease, he tried to finish writing his novel. A. In spite B. However C. Despite D. Although 25. We first ______ each other in London in 2006. A. have met B. meet C. met D. had met II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction. 26. It is suggested that smoking should to be banned in pubs, restaurants, and other public places. A. should to be B. other public places C. smoking D. It is suggested 27. Some bacteria are extremely harmful, but others are regular used in producing foods. A. extremely harmful B. producing foods C. Some bacteria D. regular used 28. On Saturday, I enjoy to go to the concert with my friends. A. to go B. On C. with D. the concert 29. Good scientists always cooperate with each others no matter what their nationalities are. A. their B. others C. always D. with 30. Many species of wild animals would become extinction if people continued to cut down forests. A. Many species of B. cut down C. would D. extinction III. Read the following passage adapted from Pre-Essence Reading 1 by Rachel Lee, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 37. BODY LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES The body language people use often communicates more about their feelings than the words they are saying. We use body movements, hand gestures, facial expressions, and changes in our voice to communicate with each other. Although some body language is universal, many gestures are culturally specific and may mean different things in different countries. If you want to give someone the nod in Bulgaria, you have to nod your head to say no and shake it to say yes - the exact opposite of what we do! In Belgium, pointing with your index finger or snapping your fingers at someone is very rude. In France, you shouldn’t rest your feet on tables or chairs. Speaking to someone with your hands in your pockets will only make matters worse. In the Middle East, you should never show the soles of your feet or shoes to others as it will be seen as a grave insult. When eating, only use your right hand because they use their left hands when going to the bathroom. In Bangladesh, the ‘thumbs-up’ is a rude sign. In Myanmar, people greet each other by clapping, and in India, whistling in public is considered rude. In Japan, you should not blow your nose in public, but you can burp at the end of a meal to show that you have enjoyed it. The ‘OK’ sign (thumb and index finger forming a circle) means ‘everything is good’ in the West, but in China it means nothing or zero. In Japan, it means money, and in the Middle East, it is a rude gesture. 31. It is mentioned in the passage that many gestures ______. A. can be used to greet each other in public B. may mean different things in different countries C. are not used to communicate our feelings D. are used in greeting among men and women 32. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. In Belgium, snapping your fingers at someone is very rude B. In Myanmar, people greet each other by clapping C. In China, the ‘OK’ sign means money D. In France, people shouldn’t rest their feet on tables 33. In the Middle East, people do not use their left hands for eating because they use their left hands ______. A. when going to the bathroom B. when preparing the meal C. to clean their tables and chairs D. to put in their pockets.

(44) 34. People nod their head to say no in ______. A. Belgium B. France C. Bulgaria D. Japan 35. The word “others” in paragraph 3 refers to ______. A. other people B. other soles C. other feet D. other shoes IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions. 36. A. offer B. persuade C. reduce D. apply 37. A. enterprise B. alcohol C. effective D. surgery V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions. 38. A. describe B. infectious C. punish D. efficient 39. A. chemical B. Christmas C. challenge D. characteristic 40. A. sausage B. passage C. teenage D. message. TIẾT 47 + 48. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ 4. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. Read the following passage carefully and choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution finish each of the questions that follow. In the past, both men and women were expected to be married at quite young ages. Marriages were generally arranged by parents and family, with their children having little chance to say no in the matter. In the past it was not surprising to find that a bride and groom had only just met on the day of their engagement or marriage. In modern Vietnam, this has changed completely as people choose their own marriage-partners based on love, and in consideration primarily to their own needs and wants. Moreover early marriage is quite illegal. The traditional Vietnamese wedding is one of the most important of traditional Vietnamese occasions. Regardless of westernization, many of the age-old customs practiced in a traditional Vietnamese wedding continue to be celebrated by both Vietnamese in Vietnam and overseas, often combining both western and eastern elements. Besides the wedding ceremony, there is also an engagement ceremony which takes place usually half a year or so before the wedding. Due to the spiritual nature of the occasion, the date and time of the marriage ceremony are decided in advance by a fortune teller. The traditional Vietnamese wedding consists of an extensive array of ceremonies: the first is the ceremony to ask permission to receive the bride, the second is the procession to receive the bride (along with the ancestor ceremony at her house), the third is to bring the bride to the groom's house for another ancestor ceremony and to welcome her into the family, then the last is a wedding banquet. The number of guests in attendance at these banquets is huge, usually in the hundreds. Several special dishes are served. Guests are expected to bring gifts, often money, which the groom and bride at one point in the banquet will go from table to table collecting. 01. In the past, _________. A. getting married at an early age was not allowed B. parents had no right to interfere their children's marriage C. Vietnamese marriage was decided by parents and family D. Vietnamese couples were free to make a decision on the marriage 02. Which sentence is referred Vietnamese modern marriage? A. Couples do not get married at quite young ages B. All marriages are arranged by parents and family C. Marriage is quite westernization D. Most young people do not have their marriage based on love 03. Which sentence is referred Vietnamese modern marriage? A. All marriages are arranged by parents and family B. Most young people do not have their marriage based on love C. Marriage is quite westernization D. Couples do not get married at quite young ages 04. In former days, a bride and groom had only first met just on the day of their engagement or marriage was _______. A. popular B. strange C. surprising D. uncommon 05. Which does not exist in a Vietnamese wedding party? A. gifts B. dishes C. firecrackers D. guests II. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others of the same group. 06. A. children B. chore C. school D. teacher 07. A. cooks B. loves C. spends D. joins.

(45) 08. A. naked B. booked C. hooked D. looked III. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct. 09. Shakespeare was not only a famous playwright _____ a poet _____ well. A. but/ as B. and/ too C. but/ so D. also/ as 10. It is not easy to ______ our beauty when we get older and. older. A. gain B. develop C. collect D. maintain 11. Some researchers have just ______ a survey of young people's points of view on contractual marriage. A. conducted B. sent C. managed D. directed 12. _______ in that company? A. Do shoes make B. Are shoes made C. Are shoes be made D. Shoes are made 13. John cannot make a ____ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car. A. decision B. decisive C. decide D. decisively 14. A holiday in Cyprus doesn’t ______ to me, I prefer Wildness. A. appeal B. allure C. attract D. call 15. My mother used to be a woman of great _______, but now she gets old and looks pale. A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautify D. beautifully 16. The space shuttle crashed and went _______ in flames. A. off B. over C. for D. of 17. Many people have objected to ______ marriage, which is decided by the parents of the bride and groom. A. sacrificed B. shared C. contractual D. agreed 18. Is there anything else _______ you want to ask? A. whom B. that C. where D. what 19. Two of the books Tom lost on the bus ____ returned to the main desk at his room. A. were B. had C. has D. was 20. More than ten victims_______ missing in the storm last week. A. are reported to have been B. are reported to be C. are reporting to have been D. are reporting to be 21. If you have ever watched television, you have seen plenty ____ drug ads. A. of B. for C. with D. about 22. Portuguese _______ as an official language in this city since three hundred years ago. A. has always spoken B. had always spoken C. has been spoken always D. has always been spoken 23. Will you take care _______ my little dog when I am _______ business? A. of/ on B. about/ at C. for/ over D. through/ away 24. She came in quietly ____ not to wake the baby. A. such as B. if so C. as if D. so as 25. Could you tell me how far ______ from here to the next petrol station? A. is it B. it was C. was it D. it is 26. There was no one _______. A. I could ask whom for help B. for that I could ask for help C. I could ask for help D. when I could ask for help 27. Education _____ to be the most important element to develop a country. A. can often considered B. can often consider C. often be considered D. can often be considered 28. The house _______ is more than 100 years old. A. where I live B. in that I live C. in where I live D. where I live at 29. My father phoned me to say that he would come_______ home late. A. an B. Ø C. a D. the 30. She arranged ___ her friend in the afternoon as the weather was fine. A. to have met B. meeting C. to meet D. to be meeting 31. Doctors and pharmacists have to assume _______ for human life. A. achievement B. responsibility C. optimism D. aspect 32. A part-time job give me freedom to ____ my own interest. A. pursue B. chase C. catch D. seek 33. That child is really ____ by his grandparents. A. spoilt B. polluted C. naughty D. stained IV. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the different stress pattern from the others of the same group. 34. A. obedient B. family C. solution D. whenever 35. A. special B. hospital C. supportive D. mischievous.

(46) V. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct. 36. Meal time also gives children a chance to learn how some of their favorite dishes making. A. making B. also gives C. to learn D. how 37. It is really sad how many people have the misconception that reading is bored A. bored B. really C. misconception D. how many 38. By passing sunlight through a prism the light is separate into a spectrum of colors. A. is separate B. By passing C. through D. spectrum of 39. Reading cannot make your life longer, but reading really makes your life more thicker. A. more thicker B. longer C. really D. cannot make 40. In spite modern medical technology, many diseases caused by viruses are still not curable. A. many B. by viruses C. In spite D. not. TIẾT 49 + 50. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ 5. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution to make a sentence from the given prompts: 01. the / England / Oxford / university / is / city / oldest / in/. A. Oxford is the oldest university city in England. B. Oxford is in England the oldest city university in England C. Oxford is the oldest city university in England. D. Oxford is in England the oldest university. 02. to/always/give/his/him/smoking/friends/up/ask/. A. His friends ask always him to give up smoking. B. His friends always ask to him give up smoking. C. His friends always ask him to give up smoking D. His friends always ask to him give smoking up 03. famous/show/will/all/be/most/the/in/singers/heard/this/pop/. A. All the most famous pop singers will be heard in this show B. All most the famous pop singers will be in this show heard C. All the most famous singers pop will be heard in this show D. All most the famous pop singers will be heard in this show. 04. to/school/homework/or/do/at/I/don’t/have/weekend/to/go. A. I don’t have to go to school at weekend for do homework. B. I don’t have to go to school or do homework at weekend . C. At weekend I don’t have school to go or homework to do. D. I don’t go to school or do to have homework at weekend. 05. half/she/to/an/at/queue/the/bus/stop/has/hour/for/. A. She has half an hour at the bus stop to queue for. B. She has to queue at half an hour for the bus stop. C. She has to queue at the bus stop for half an hour. D. She has half an hour to queue for at the bus stop. II. Read the following passage carefully and choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution finish each of the questions that follow: For many people the language of the Internet is English. “World, Wide, Web: Three English Words” was the name of an article by Michael Specter in the New York Times a few years ago. The article went on to say: “If you want to take full advantage of the Internet, there is only one real way to do it: learn English.” In general, it is not difficult to learn to use Internet services. But although Internet services are rather easy to use, you will have considerable difficulties if you are not familiar with English. In fact, knowledge of English is one of the most important aspects that help you use the Internet. Learning to use a new Internet service may take a few hours, a few days, or some weeks, but it takes years to learn a language so that you can use it fluently and confidently. Of course, when you know some English, you can learn more just by using it on the Internet. But at least your English should be good enough to understand commonly used words and to know what to do on the Internet. 06. If you do not know English very well, you will ________ when using the Internet. A. have to learn a language fluently B. have many difficulties C. be laughed at D. have to learn how to use Internet services for a few weeks 07. Which of the following languages is considered the language of the Internet by many people? A. English B. French C. Japanese D. Chinese 08. According to the article, what should you do to take full advantage of the Internet? A. Learn to type fast B. Learn the names of some websites.

(47) C. Learn to use the Internet services D. Learn English 09. Learning to use a language fluently and confidently may take ________ A. a few weeks B. a few hours C. a few years D. a few days 10. Which of the following titles is most appropriate for the two passages? A. How to use Internet services B. Practising your English on the Internet C. Ways to take full advantage of the Internet D. English and the Internet III. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the best one that make each of the following incomplete sentences grammatically and meaningfully right: 11. After he ______ his English course, he went to England to continue his study. A. finish B. finishes C. had finished D. finished 12. Things ______ greatly since we ______ Doi Moi policy. A. changed/ had B. have changed/ had C. changed/ has had D. have changed/ have had 13. ______ Ms Linda’s application for the job was refused, she felt very disappointed. A. While B. Before C. When D. As soon as 14. Americans often say “Thank you” when you help them ______ something. A. do B. to doing C. doing D. makes 15. The workers______ go to work late last week. A. used to B. used C. use to D. were used to 16. Why didn’t you listen to me ______ I was talking to you? A. whenever B. by the time C. until D. while 17. _____ he tried hard, he didn’t succeed in his work. A. But B. In spite of C. Though D. Despite 18. Bird flu______ by the virus H5N1. A. caused B. are caused C. is caused D. is causing 19. It was so noisy that I couldn’t concentrate ______ my lesson. A. on B. at C. in D. from 20. You give a ______ party in your new house to celebrate moving into it. A. housewarming B. housekeeping C. house guest D. house-coming 21. The farmers in my village often______ their work very early in the morning. A. begin B. beginning C. begins D. is beginning 22. Today, the scientists in the world______ research on AIDS. A. are doing B. does C. make D. doing 23. We ______ for Ha Noi on the earliest flight tomorrow. A. were leaving B. will have left C. leave D. are leaving 24. They are trying to persuade the rich to______ their money to the charities. A. contribute B. provide C. finance D. invest 25. Nowadays, the divorce rate is higher than it used to be______ people are allowed to decide on their marriage. A. even though B. in spite of C. despite D. but 26. Remember that these documents ______ translated into English and certified by appropriate authorities. A. must be B. may be C. will be D. can be 27. Banks are very important ______ business people? A. on B. for C. with D. to 28. The manager told me ______ harder. A. to work B. worked C. working D. work 29. Your______ must be typed into three copies to hand in for our company. A. applicants B. application C. applying D. apply 30. _____ his poor health, Mr. Brown still works hard to support his family. A. Despite B. Although C. Because of D. Despite of IV. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the different stress pattern from the others of the same group: 31. A. people B. person C. picture D. across 32. A. effective B. expensive C. engineer D. malaria V. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others of the same group: 33. A. cook B. look C. room D. good 34. A. picked B. considered C. received D. stayed 35. A. wealth B. peaceful C. meat D. beach.

(48) VI. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct: 36. The result of that test must be inform before August. A. must be B. result C. inform D. before 37. There are also many single mothers and single fathers which are raising children by themselves. A. are B. many C. by D. which 38. She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for her now. A. has disappeared B. for her C. and D. are still 39. My little daughter is going to being taken to day care center. A. being B. is going to C. taken D. little 40. In spite of my father is old, he still goes to work. A. work B. old C. In spite of D. goes. TIẾT 51 + 52. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ 6. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the best one that make each of the following incomplete sentences grammatically and meaningfully right. 01. Alice: “How often do you go to the dentist, Anne?” Anne: “______.” A. Many times B. Last week C. Twice a year D. Next month 02. The house in ______ they are living is very large and beautiful. A. which B. whose C. where D. that 03. I ______ television a lot, but now I don't any more. A. used to watching B. was watching C. am watching D. used to watch 04. If we found the remedy for cancer, many people's lives ______. A. would save B. would be saved C. will save D. would be saving 05. He was ______ excited that he couldn’t go to sleep. A. so B. such C. much D. too 06. Katie has read ______ French books. A. every B. a few C. a little D. much 07. David: “Do you know where there's a telephone box?” - Maria: “______.” A. It’s not a good question to ask me B. Yes, thank you C. There's one at the corner of the street D. No, I don’t have to 08. Helen: “Excuse me. Can you tell me the time?” . Michael: “______.” A. It’s ten past nine B. I’ve to go now C. I’ve forgotten it D. Here you are 09. He has been working as a ______ for twenty years. A. physical B. physics C. physicist D. physically 10. I was really worried ______ my brother because he didn’t come home last night. A. of B. about C. at D. with 11. Peter is fed up ______ eating potatoes every day. A. in B. for C. on D. with 12. You mustn’t ______ any more mistakes. A. perform B. do C. make D. carry 13. There isn’t ______ left in the fridge. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something 14. When I entered the room, everyone ______. A. is dancing B. has danced C. was dancing D. dances 15. John works much ______ than we do. A. more hardly B. harder C. hardest D. hard 16. I like the ______ of her paintings. A. simply B. simplicity C. simple D. simplify 17. Plants don’t grow ______ there isn’t enough sunshine. A. though B. unless C. so D. if 18. He was homesick. He ______ his friends and family. A. remembered B. desired C. lacked D. missed.

(49) 19. When my parents were away, my grandmother would ______ care of me. A. do B. take C. get D. make 20. Today, most of the work on the farm ______ by machines. A. is done B. do C. is doing D. did II. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct. 21. She has got fewer friends in her class now than she has last year. A. than B. she has C. has got D. fewer friends 22. Mr. Brown, his picture you saw in the newspaper, lives next door to us. A. his B. in C. lives D. to us 23. Do you mind to go out with me to buy some ice creams? A. with B. to go C. ice creams D. to buy 24. You had better to learn a foreign language before applying for a job. A. before B. to learn C. a job D. applying 25. Most babies will grow up to be as clever than their parents. A. than B. Most babies C. to be D. grow up III. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the best one that make each of the following incomplete sentences grammatically and meaningfully right. 26. My mother was so tired ______. A. that she could not cook the dinner B. as to cook the dinner C. to be cooking the dinner D. and the dinner cannot cook 27. If I had enough money, ______. A. I would buy a new motorbike B. will buy a new motorbike C. I buy a new motorbike D. I bought a new motorbike 28. What is the name of the man ______? A. his house the burglars broke into B. the burglars broke into his house C. whose house the burglars broke into D. which house the burglars broke into 29. ______ writing letters to Jill. A. Jack has never B. No more Jack has stopped C. Now Jack doesn’t want D. Jack has stopped 30. Your health won’t be improved ______. A. while these tablets taking B. if these pills are taking C. unless you take these pills D. when taking these tablets IV. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others of the same group. 31. A. climate B. swimming C. time D. climb 32. A. black B. cancer C. sat D. cable 33. A. healthy B. other C. thick D. thousand 34. A. invented B. promised C. vanished D. talked 35. A. catching B. mechanic C. cheap D. chalk V. Read the following passage carefully and choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution finish each of the questions that follow. HOW WE LEARN A LANGUAGE The first language you learn to speak is called your native language. As a baby, you listened to your parents or other people speaking and then imitated the sounds you heard. Babies seem to be born with an ability to learn the language they hear. Native speakers learn as children to use the right words and arrange them in the right order without even thinking about it. If English is your native language, you know automatically that “I going bed” is wrong, but “I am going to bed” is right. If you learn a second language, you have to memorize its words and learn its rules. That’s why learning a second language can be difficult. Young children can learn a new language very easily. If they are surrounded by people speaking a different language, they soon learn to speak it as well as their native language. But as people grow older, it becomes more difficult to learn new languages. People gradually lose the ability to learn the grammar and pronounce the sounds of another language. People who learn a new language as adults usually have a “foreign accent” when they speak it.. 36. According to the passage, a native language is ______. A. a new different language you learn to speak B. a language you learn to speak as an adult C. the first language you learn to speak D. the language you speak with a “foreign accent” 37. The phrase “surrounded by people” in paragraph 4 mostly means ______. A. having people around B. needing people C. helping many people D. attracting a lot of people 38. According to the passage, learning a second language can be difficult because ______. A. few of you are born with an ability to learn the language you hear.

(50) B. you must have a “foreign accent” when you speak it C. you are surrounded by people speaking a different language D. you must memorize its words and learn its rules 39. The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to ______. A. children B. babies C. native speakers D. right words 40. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Babies seem to have an ability to learn the language they hear B. People gradually lose the ability to learn the grammar and pronounce the sounds of a new language C. Young children have considerable difficulty learning a new language. D. It becomes more difficult to learn a new language when people grow older.. TIẾT 53 + 54. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ 7. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others of the same group: 01. A. brushed B. cleaned C. played D. snowed 02. A. timid B. tidy C. timer D. kite 03. A. chimney B. check C. cholera D. churched II. Read the following passage carefully and choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution finish each of the questions that follow: Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gesture may be found very known culture. The main function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signals also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theatre provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and hand shaking also communicate certain cultural messages. Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods are based on speech. Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few. 04. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Gestures. B. Communication. C. Signals, Signs, and Symbols D. Speech 05. What does the author say about speech? A. That it is dependent upon the advances made by inventors B. That it is the only true form of communication. C. That it is the most advanced form of communication D. That it is necessary for communication to occur 06. Why were the telephone, radio and television invented? A. Because people wanted to communicate across long distances B. Because people were unable to understand signals, signs, and symbols. C. Because people wanted new forms of communication. D. Because people believed that signals and symbols were obsolete. 07. It may be concluded from the passage that________. A. only some cultures have signals and symbols. B. symbols are very easy to define and interpret. C. signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are forms of communication. D. waving and handshaking are not related to culture 08. Applauding was cited as an example of _______. A. a signal B. a symbol C. a gesture D. a sign III. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that needs correcting to make the given sentence meaningfully and grammatically correct. 09. I was such nervous that I didn’t think I would pass the exam. A. the exam B. didn’t C. would D. such nervous.

(51) 10. I went to the United States six months ago because mine cousin is out there. A. mine cousin B. went to C. out D. months ago 11. There is a hotel at the bottom of the canyon where we can stay there A. of the canyon B. is a hotel C. at the D. can stay there IV. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) one best solution to make a sentence from the given prompts: 12. you/ really/ be/ able/ dress/ yourself/ age!/ should/ to/ at/ your A. You should be really able to dress yourself at your age! B. You should really be able to dress yourself at your age! C. You should really able dress to be yourself your age at! D. You really should be able to dress yourself at your age! 13. we/ now/ facing/ problem/ deforestation/ are/ of/ the A. Now are we facing with the deforestation of problem. B. We are now facing with the problem of deforestation C. Now we are facing with the deforestation of problem. D. We are now facing of the problem with deforestation. V. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the best one that make each of the following incomplete sentences grammatically and meaningfully right: 14. The Asian Games is an occasion when friendship and _______are built and deepened. A. admiration B. rival C. solidarity D. determination 15. The disappearance of one or several species may result in the loss of ______. A. university B. biodiversity C. biology D. diversity 16. She remembered the correct address only _______she had posted the letter. A. since B. after C. following D. afterwards 17. He enjoyed the dessert so much that he accepted a second _______when it was offered. A. pile B. helping C. load D. sharing 18. Have you live here ______ life? A. all your B. all the C. your all D. the 19. I’m really looking forward _______to university. A. to going B. go C. to go D. going 20. “Why are you learning English?” - “_______ I need it for my job.” A. So B. But C. If D. Because 21. If you hear the fire ______, leave the building quickly. A. notice B. alarm C. caution D. publicity 22. _____ to an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving very slowly on the London road. A. Because B. Owing C. Since D. Through 23. I am interested in natural science subjects like mathematics, physics and_______. A. literature B. chemistry C. music D. geography 24. I am tired _______having to wash the dishes every night. A. with B. by C. of D. at 25. He told his father a long and _______story to explain his lateness. A. unconvincing B. unimaginable C. incredulous D. inconceivable 26. If only he _____ told us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone wrong. A. have B. had C. should have D. would have 27. Mr. and Mrs. Hudson are always _______with each other about money. A. discussing B. shouting C. arguing D. annoying 28. The children did not know the _______by which the game was played. A. customs B. rules C. facts D. orders 29. Of course I’m a Christian _____ I expect everyone who works here to be a Christian too. A. then B. but C. and D. since 30. I often go to the school _____ to borrow books in my free time. A. room B. class C. library D. yard 31. I’ll have to _______to you, otherwise he will hear. A. whisper B. shout C. say D. whistle 32. Women workers wear hats in _______their hair gets caught in the machinery. A. course B. occasion C. case D. event 33. It was impossible for her to tell the truth so she had to _______a story. A. combine B. imagined C. invent D. lie 34. We need _______information before we can decide. A. far B. furthest C. further D. farther 35. He is a little bit _____ in his left ear, but if you speak clearly he will hear what you say..

(52) A. deaf B. dead C. diseased D. disabled 36. You can borrow _____ books as you want. A. as much B. as many C. too many D. so much 37. Over the past two years the _______of living has risen considerably. A. rate B. cost C. charge D. price 38. Are there enough apples for us to have one_______? A. every B. self C. each D. individually VI. Choose from the four given options (marked A, B, C or D) the one that has the different stress pattern from the others of the same group: 39. A. estimate B. inflate C. activate D. migrate 40. A. postcard B. purpose C. product D. postpone. TIẾT 55 + 56. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO SỐ 8. Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / / I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correcting to make the sentence grammatically and meaningfully right: 01. Though Pablo Picasso was primarily a painting, he also became a fine sculptor, engraver, and ceramist. A. primarily B. Though C. painting D. fine 02. The ozone layer must be protected because it shields the earth from excessive ultraviolet radiate. A. radiate B. must be protected C. it D. from 03. Carbohydrates and fats are two essential sources of energy for animal grow. A. grow B. sources C. for D. and fats 04. Even on the most careful prepared trip, problems will sometimes develop. A. careful B. Even C. on D. will sometimes II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part has different stress pattern from that of the rest in each of the following questions. 05. A. enjoy B. expect C. because D. visit 06. A. applicable B. entertainment C. information D. conversation III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions: Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer whose research led to discoveries about galaxies and the nature of the universe. He settled a long debate by demonstrating that the Andromeda nebula was located outside our galaxy, establishing the islands universe theory, which states that galaxies exit outside of our own. His study of the distribution of galaxies resulted in Hubble’s constant, a standard relationship between a galaxy’s distance from the earth and its speed of recession. By 1925, Hubble had devised a classification system for the structure of galaxies and provided conclusive observational evidence for the expansion of the universe. His work pushed the one-hundred-inch Mount Wilson telescope beyond its capability and provided strong impetus for the construction of a instrument twice its size at Mount Palomar, which Hubble used during his last year of research. The telescope that bears his name was launched on a space shuttle in 1990 and orbits the earth, collecting data about the size of the universe. 07. The author mentioned all of the following as accomplishments of Hubble EXCEPT _______. A. a design for a space shuttle. B. a classification system for the structure of galaxies C. evidence for the expansion of the universe. D. the islands universe theory 08. The paragraph following this passage most probably discusses_______. A. recent information about the size and age of the universe. B. Hubble’s life C. the space shuttle launch. D. the telescope at Mount Palomar 09. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? A. Edwin Hubble’s research B. The nature of the universe C. Edwin Hubble’s classification system for the structure of galaxies D. The Hubble’s telescope 10. Hubble’s constant states that_______. A. there is a relationship between a galaxy’s distance from the earth and its speed of recession B. the universe is expanding C. galaxies exit outside our galaxy. D. the Andromeda nebula was located outside our galaxy 11. The word “capability” is the closest meaning to _______..

(53) A. capacity B. confidence C. category D. quality IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following incomplete sentences. 12. ______ has such a stunning achievement been recorded. A. Today B. Recently C. Always D. Seldom 13. It’s a beautiful day! Would you like to go _______? A. sailing B. to sail C. to sailing D. for sailing 14. The government has ______ an inquiry to investigate bribery in local elections. A. set up B. set to C. set out D. set about 15. Blood ______ are needed urgently, as the national blood bank reserves are getting low. A. offers B. donors C. givers D. volunteers 16. It is a shame they didn’t pick you, but it doesn’t ______ out the possibility that you might pass. A. rule B. draw C. strike D. cancel 17. Please don’t ______ against that wall. It dirties the new paint. A. lean B. itch C. curl D. tumble 18. I _______ with you on that subject. A. am agreeing B. agree C. agreeing D. am agreed 19. Most of them also have more time to devote ______ leisure. A. of B. with C. to D. for 20. Recent EU legislation is aimed at removing trade ______ between member states. A. walls B. boundaries C. barriers D. fences 21. The biscuits that you sent over were ______ that I ate them all. A. good B. so good C. too good D. very good 22. ______ I known what he was really like, I would never have married him. A. Would B. Did C. Have D. Had 23. Don’t______ such a lie to me. I can’t see you through. A. tell B. say C. speak D. talk 24. It is ______ how the Japanese society have remained their cultural heritage. A. amazed B. amazing C. amazement D. amazingly 25. The missing plane has apparently disappeared without ______. A. news B. word C. trace D. sign 26. Did the teacher explain how ______ this problems? A. to solve B. do we solve C. solve D. can we solve 27. Let’s buy our tickets while I still have ______ left. A. a few dollar B. a few dollars C. a few money D. little money 28. Africa is quite different from ______ people believe. A. that B. which C. who D. what 29. If we built more hospitals, we could_______ better care of people. A. get B. do C. take D. treat 30. The price of fruit has increased recently ______ the price of vegetables has gone down. A. whether B. when C. whereas D. otherwise 31. If you didn’t_____ rid of smoking, your health would be affected. A. get B. go C. make D. take 32. Only if you promise to study hard ______ to help you. A. I will agree B. agree I C. I agree D. will I agree 33. There is no ______ in applying for that job as you are not properly qualified. A. chance B. result C. point D. reason 34. Glaciers are huge ice masses which ______ flow over land. A. slowly B. slowest C. slow D. slower V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions. 35. A. sea B. tea C. cheap D. bread 36. A. than B. weather C. there D. math 37. A. chair B. chemistry C. chalk D. teacher VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following grammatically and meaningfully alternative sentences. 38. Could you please open the window? A. Would you mind opens the window? B. Would you mind opening the window? C. Would you mind to open the window? D. Would you mind open the window?.

(54) 39. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed. A. Exhausted by his work, he threw himself on his bed. B. Was exhausted by his work, he threw himself on his bed. C. He was exhausted by his work, but threw himself on his bed. D. Threw himself on his bed, exhausted by his work. 40. He is not old enough to do the volunteer work. A. He is too young to do the volunteer work. B. He is very young that he can’t do volunteer work. C. He can’t do the volunteer work because of his old age. D. His youngster prevents him from doing the volunteer work.

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GIAO AN E12N08

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