Khảo sát các phương pháp tăng khả năng chịu nhiệt của nấm men

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NÔNG LÂM TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH
BỘ MÔN CÔNG NGHỆ SINH HỌC
***000***








ĐINH ĐỨC TÀI



KHẢO SÁT CÁC PHƢƠNG PHÁP TĂNG KHẢ NĂNG CHỊU
NHIỆT CỦA NẤM MEN

Luận văn kỹ sƣ
Chuyên ngành: Công Nghệ Sinh Học











2006





BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NÔNG LÂM TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH
BỘ MÔN CÔNG NGHỆ SINH HỌC
***000***



KHẢO SÁT CÁC PHƢƠNG PHÁP TĂNG KHẢ NĂNG CHỊU
NHIỆT CỦA NẤM MEN


Luận văn kỹ sƣ
Chuyên ngành: Công Nghệ Sinh Học



GVHD: Sinh viên thực hiện:
TS. TRƢƠNG VĨNH ĐINH ĐỨC TÀI
Khóa: 2002-2006


2006





MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
NONG LAM UNIVERSITY, HCMC
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
***000***






SURVEY OF METHODS SUPPORTING
TOLERANT ABILITY OF YEAST

Graduation thesis
Major: Biotechnology





Student
Dr. TRUONG VINH DINH DUC TAI
Term: 2002 - 2006




Ho Chi Minh City
09/2006











iii
LỜI CẢM TẠ

Em xin chn thnh cm t:
 Ban Gim Hiu Trng i Hc Nng Lm thnh ph H Ch Minh, Ban ch
nhim B Mn Cng Ngh Sinh Hc, cng tt c qu thy c  truyn t kin
thc cho em trong sut qu trnh hc ti trng.
 TS. Trng Vnh  ht lng hng dn, gip  em trong sut thi gian thc tp
tt nghip.
 Ban Gim c Trung Tm Phn Tch Th Nghim Ha Sinh - Trng i Hc
Nng Lm thnh ph H Ch Minh.
 Ban ch nhim, Thy C khoa Cng Ngh Thc Phm.
 Cc Anh Ch ti Trung Tm Phn Tch Th Nghim Ha Sinh  tn t
o iu kii gian thc tp tt nghip.
 Cc bn b thn yu ca lp cng ngh sinh hc kha 28  chia x cng ti nhng
vui bun trong thi gian hc cng nh ht lng h tr, gip  ti trong thi gian
thc tp.
 Cc bn b ngoi lp  p  ti trong sut qu trnh hc
tp v thc tp tt nghip.





Thnh ph H Ch Minh thng 08/2005







iv

TÓM TẮT
i Hc Nng Lm TP. H Ch Minh. Thng 04/2005.

MEN 

Gio vin hng dn:
TS. TRƢƠNG VĨNH

 ti c thc hin trn i tng l nm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nm men
Saccharomyces cerevisiae c s dng nh l tc nhn lm n bt trong qu trnh sn
xut bnh m, c gi l men bnh m. C hai loi men c s dng ph bin l men
nho (men paste) v men kh. So vi men kh, men paste c hot tnh nhanh, mnh,
nhng men paste rt d h hng v mt hot tnh sau vi tun ng g, phi bo qun 
iu kin lnh. Trong khi , men kh c th bo qun n mt nm  nhit  phng v
ko di hn khi gi  nhit  l

ng kt qu t c:
 
o

 

 

o


o
7% .
50

o
.
 :

o


o




v




 TRANG
 ..................................................................................................................... iii
 ............................................................................................................................ iv
 ........................................................................................................................... v
 ....................................................................................................... ix
 ........................................................................................................ xi
 ....................................................................................................... 1
 ................................................................................................................. 1
 ................................................................................................... 2
 ..................................................................................................... 2
 .............................................................................. 3
2.1.  ................................................................................................................. 3
2.1.1. Gi ............................................................................ 3

 ........................................................................................................... 3
 .................................................................................................... 3
 .................................................................... 4
2.1.5. 



 ..................................................................................... 10
 ........................................................................................... 11
 .................................................. 11
 .................................................. 11
 .......................................................................... 12
 ......................................................................................... 12
 ........................................................................................ 13
 .......................................................................................... 13
 ................................................................................................ 14



vi
 ....................................... 14
..................................................................... 15
 ............................................................................................................ 16
2.5.1. Polysaccharic ................................................................................................... 16
2.5.2. Trehalo ............................................................................................................. 16
 ............................................................................................................ 17
 .......................................................................................................... 17
 ............................................................................... 17
 ....................................................................................... 17
 ..................................... 20

 ..................................................................................... 20
 ................................................................................................ 20
 ......................................................................................... 20
 .................................................................................................... 20
 .................................................................................................... 22
 .................................................................................................... 24
 ............................................................................... 25
 ........................................................................................................... 28
 ..................................................................... 29
4.1. a. Saccharomyces
cerevisiae  ........................................................................ 29
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae  ......................................................................... 30
 
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ............................................................................................ 34
 ................................. 38


 ......................................................................... 41



vii
................................................................................................................... 41
 ................................................................................................................... 41
ChO ........................................................................... 41
 ...................................................................................................................... 42
 .................................................................................................... 42
 ................................................................................... 52
 ......................................................................... 53

 ...................................................................................... 65


1

Chƣơng 1: MỞ ĐẦU
1.1 Đặt vấn đề:
,  . 

,












 Saccharomyces 











.  3  : ,  ,
 







 . 


































.  
 . 



















100 





 . 








 , 

,  















. 






















 Saccharomyces cerevisiae






 . 
















 






 .  Saccharomyces
cerevisiae 



















 . 

, 





















 




 .  Saccharomyces
cerevisiae 







. , 











 














. 


















 50
o
C-140
o





. 


















 , c
 . 































.


,2 











: 


  . 


 , honey, glutamate,























 .  
 .  , 

























 . Men


2

 








 . 
.


, 













 .


, , 















 .  , 



























 














 , 















.
 





 




 









 . 















, 





 , 














 






:
khảo st cc phƣơng php tăng khả năng chịu nhiệt của nấm men làm bnh mì
1.2 Mục đch của đề tài:
-
-
1.3 Nội dung đề tài:
-
-
-
1.4 Yêu cầu đề tài:
-.
-X
-

3

Chƣơng 2: TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU
2.1 Nâ
́
m Men
2.1.1Giơ
́
i thiê
̣
u chung vê
̀
nâ
́
m men










 , bia, 

, 



,.. 



 , vitamin, 




































Theo J.







349 , 

39 

. Teo J.A.Barnett,
R.W.

.






340 , 

66 

.


2.1.2 Hình dạng












 . 






10 




n. 
 (Turolopsis),  ( , 

 ), 
(candida), , , 
2.1.3 Cấu tạo tế bào

Hình 2.1.3 Tế bào nấm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae.






 : , , 

, , ribosom, 

,




, tulin.
 25 nm (25% 






). 












. 












4

. 





 



 10% protein (


), 



.
 , 8



 3 















 , photpholipit, sterol. 














.
































.


, 






1-  


trong  



 . 








.











 



 . 
 .  , 
 ,  . 







 otease. 










.
2.1.4 Thành phần hóa học của nấm men:
2.1.4.1 Cc phản ứng từ glucose vật chất tế bào


2



   

PP
ve
+H
2
O => 2P
ve
.

Hình 2.1.4.1 Cc phản ứng từ glucose vật chất tế bào

2
.

3921
H
6365
O
2070
N
597
P
40S6.

polisaccarit

5,0% trehaloza


5

 nucleotit
4,5% photpholippit
2,5% triglixerit
1,0% sterol


39,0% protein.
 

2.1.4.2 Hiđrat C


-



2.1.4.3 Protein.


m menSaccharomyces
Axit amin 
Alanin 114,70
Acginin 40,18
Asparagin 25,43
Axit aspactic 74,38

Xistein 1,65
Axit glutamic 75,45
Glutamin 26,33
Glixin 72,56


6

Histidin 16,55
Isoloxin 48,08
Lozin 74,08
Lizin 1,54
Metionin 12,66
Phenilalanin 33,44
Prolin 41,13
Xerin 46,33
Treonin 47,85
Triptophan 7,10
Tirozin 25,49
Valin 66,18
Bảng 2.1.4.3 cc axit amin tự do có trong nấm men.
2.1.4.4 Cc axit nucleic.

 

 


 


reductase.
2.1.4.5 Lipit.

(2,5%), glixerol photpholipit (4-

 


7

              

 

     





2.1.4.6 Cc saccarit.
               

616,7glucoza+1233,4ATP+616,7H
2
O=>(C
6
H
10
O

5
)
616,7
+1233,4ADP+1233,4P
ve
(3.1)
584,8glucoza+877,2ATP+584,8 H
2
O =>292,4C
12
H
22
O
11
+877,2ADP+877,2 P
ve
(3.2)
2.1.4.7 Protein

4,28
H
9.63
O
2.51
N
1,0
S
0,02



        
4,44
H
7,03
N
1,21
S
0,02
     
mol):

Hình 2.1.4.8. Phản ứng từ glucoza đến protein.


2.1.4.9 Cc axit nucleic

9,47
H
13,70
O
8,07
N3,63P
1,00

          
2,95
H
3,65
O
2,21

N
1,13
P
0,31
  


8

 
 

Hình 2.1.4.9. Cc phản ứng từ glucoza tới axit nucleic.

 n.
2.1.4.10 Mỡ trung tnh.

50,09
H
92,16
O
6,00

 
eo mmol):

Hình 2.1.4.8 phản ứng tạo mỡ trung tnh.
2.1.4.11 Photpholipit
 
39,52

H
75,63
O
9,22
N
0,79
P
1,00

 
mmol):

Hình 2.1.4.9 phản ứng Photpholipit
2.1.4.12 Sterol
         


Hình 2.1.4.12 phản ứng Sterol



9

2.4.13 Phƣơng trình biểu diễn sinh trƣởng nấm men trên glucosza.


           

CO
2


2



 
NADPH
2
 
 

 


   

2
 
732 glucoza+831 NADPH
2
+17O
2
+230CO
2
 NADPH
2

-1986ATP+471 CO
2
(3.8a)

69 glucoza-831 NADPH
2
=> -69ATP+414 CO
2
(3.8b)
740 O
2
=> -1408 NADPH
2
+2816ATP (3.8c)
310 glucoza+1860 O
2
=>1860 CO
2
+8680ATP (3.8d)
1111 glucoza 2581 O
2
=> 100g 
+1860CO
2
(3.8d)
     
2
         
 
2



2



2



10

 

nh 3.9:
801 glucoza+721O
2
=>
2
.(3.9).


ATPaza.                

 
 

 

Theo


2




2

 
2.1.5 Sinh sa
̉
n cu
̉
a nâ
́
m men










. 




 . 








 . 
 . 









.
 . 







 . 
 4 













.


11

a
b
a
c
a
d
a
e
a
f
a


n



(Vng Th Vit Hoa, 1999).
Hình 2.1.5 : Chu trình pht triển của Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2.2 Sản xuất men bnh mì
2.2.1 Tình hình sản xuất men bnh mì ở Việt Nam

 
 


g 
2.2.2 Vai trò của nấm men trong sản xuất bnh mì

 

2
the


C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH +2CO
2

ccc2CO
2



12



2

2


 
CO
2

2
.

2









- 
- 
- 
2.3 Cc dạng nấm men thƣơng phẩm
2.3.1 Nấm men dạng lỏng






 


 



13








2.3.2 Nấm men dạng paste


 

 7
o
 


               
1  
2.3.3 Nấm men khô
     

o

                    


 (nu m  <= 5%)



           




14

              n c
Lng,2000)

2.4 Công nghệ sản xuất
2.4.1 Nguyên liệu dùng trong sản xuất nấm men bnh mì

 

          



         




 
- 
- 
- 

            
ph
               
             

              
0,15  0,3%.


15

              
K
2
CO
3

4
.7H
2

2
n
 (Nguyn c Lng, 2002).
2.4.2 Công nghệ sản xuất

Hình 2.4.2 Công nghệ sản xuất.
R ng
X l r ng
Nm men ging
Nui cy men ging
Nui cy men
thng phm
Ly tm tch ra
men
p
nh hnh
Sy
Bao gi
Bo qun nhit 
thng

Men kh
ng gi men p
Bo qun lnh
Men p


16


2.5 Chất phụ gia
 
y


2.5.1 Polysaccharic
Polysacc


                
polysaccha

2.5.2 Trehalo
                 

o
C 
o
C.
Theo Adriano Sebol




83-




 
  (Juan S. Aranda,
Edgar. S et Patricia. T, 2004).