SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD bang thai cach thuc gia dinh

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span>THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (Thức giả định) -------------------o0o-------------------*GRAMMAR FEATURES: - Subjunctive Mood (thức giả định hay còn gọi là bàng thái cách) là cách động từ để diễn tả những gì trái với thực tế hoặc chưa thực hiện, những gì còn nằm trong tiềm thức người ta. - Ngày nay Subjunctive Mood không thông dụng vì người ta quen diễn tả ý nghĩa subjunctive bằng những lối khác, như dùng cấu trúc: shall, should, would, may, might + Vo Chẳng hạn, Thay vì nói: It is our wish that he do what he pleases. (he do: subjunctive) Người ta nói: It is our wish that he may do what he pleases. (he may do: subjunctive equivalent) (Điều mong ước của chúng tôi là nó được làm những gì nó thích.) - Subjunctive Mood có 3 hình thức: Present Subjunctive, Past Subjunctive và Past Perfect Subjunctive. _____________________________________________________________________________________________. 1. THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE (Hiện tại giả định) Form: S + Vo (cho tất cả các ngôi và hình thức chủ từ) Usage: a) Dùng để diễn tả một lời chúc (wish) hay một lời cầu nguyện (prayer) như:  Long live Vietnam. (Việt Nam muôn năm!)  God save the Queen. (Cầu mong thượng đế ban phước cho Nữ Hoàng.)  God bless you. (Cầu mong thượng đế ban phước lành cho bạn.) b) Dùng trong các mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng that làm tân ngữ của các động từ như: suggest (đề nghị), recommend (đề nghị), propose (đề nghị), insist (khăng khăng đòi, khẳng định), command (ra lệnh), demand (đòi hỏi, yêu sách), require (đòi hỏi, yêu cầu), request (yêu cầu),... s+ verb + that + S + Vo (any tense). (1). (present subjunctive). Verb: suggest, recommend, propose, insist, command, demand, require, request,... Examples:  The doctor suggested that Tom stop smoking. (Bác sĩ đề nghị Tom bỏ hút thuốc lá.)  I demand that I be allowed to be free now. (Tôi yêu cầu là tôi phải được trả tự do bây giờ.)  We recommend that he go with us. (Chúng tôi đề nghị là anh ta phải đi với chúng tôi.) Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng subjunctive equivalent trong cấu trúc (1) bằng "should + infinitive". Examples:  The doctor suggested that Tom should stop smoking.  I demand that I should be allowed to be free now.  We recommend that he should go with us. c) Dùng trong các mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng that làm bổ ngữ đứng sau các danh từ như: suggestion/ proposal (sự đề nghị), command (mệnh lệnh), demand (sự đòi hỏi), request (sự yêu cầu),... proposal suggestion + is + that + S + Vo request. (2). Examples:  The doctor’s suggestion is that she take a holiday. (she take = she should take) = The doctor suggested that she (should) take a holiday. (Bác sĩ đề nghị cô ta nên đi nghỉ.)  Our proposal is that he be elected group-leader. (he be = he should be) = We suggest that he (should) be elected .... (Chúng tôi đề nghị ông ấy phải được bầu làm tổ trưởng.) d) Dùng trong các mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng that đứng sau các tính từ như: imperative, important, necessary, urgent, proposed, advised, required ... trong cấu trúc It + be. +. adjective + that + subject + Vo. (3).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span> (any tense). (necessary/important...). (present subjunctive). Examples:  It is necessary that he find the book. (Điều cần thiết là anh ta phải tìm ra cuốn sách đó.) (he find = he should find)  It was urgent that she leave at once. (Điều cấp bách là cô ta phải ra đi ngay lập tức.) (she leave = she should leave)  It has been suggested that income tax be abolished . (Có đề nghị là bỏ thuế thu nhập.) (income tax be abolished = income tax should be abolished) e) Trong Cấu trúc S + WOULD RATHER + S + (NOT) Vo. . mong muốn ở tương lai.. (4). Ex: I would rather he be here tomorrow. Note:  Cần phân biệt cấu trúc: It is necessary/important/urgent ... that + S + (should) + Vo với cấu trúc: It is necessary/important/urgent/difficult/ ... (for + O) + to-infinitive (5) Examples:  It is necessary that he (should) find the book. // It is necessary for him to find the book. ____________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. THE PAST SUBJUNCTIVE (Quá khứ giả định) Form: - V2/ ed / didn’t + Vo - TO BE → WERE - TO BE NOT → WEREN’T cho tất cả các ngôi (I were/ you were/ he were/ it were/ they were...). Tuy nhiên ngày nay người ta có khuynh hướng dùng was đi với chủ ngữ số ít và were với số nhiều. - Usage: Past Subjunctive diễn tả một hành động hay sự kiện không có thật (trái với sự thật) ở hiện tại và được dùng trong các cấu trúc sau: - (a) Dùng trong mệnh đề IF câu điều kiện loại 2 (điều kiện trái với sự thật ở hiện tại): If + S + V (past subjunctive), S + would/could + Vo Ex:  I work at night, so I can’t attend the evening classes. If I didn’t work at night, I could attend the evening classes. (b) Dùng trong mệnh đề danh từ làm tân ngữ của động từ WISH khi diễn đạt ước muốn trái với sự thật ở hiện tại (expressing present wishes): S + wish + (that) + S + V2 = If only + S + V(past subjunctive). (6). Ex:  I’m sorry I don’t live near my work.  I wish I lived near my work.  I have to work in shifts.  I wish I didn’t have to work in shifts.  I am not as clever as he is.  I wish I were as clever as he is. (c) Trong cấu trúc với WOULD RATHER (‘D RATHER) S1 + WOULD RATHER + S2 + VERB (past subjunctive).  Muốn ai đó làm/đừng làm gì. (7). Ex:  I’d rather you went by train. (Tôi muốn bạn đi bằng tàu lửa hơn.)  I’d rather she didn’t go with you. (Tôi muốn cô ấy đừng đi với bạn.) (d) Trong cấu trúc: IT’S (high, about) TIME + S + VERB (past subjunctive). (8). → Note:. (9). IT’S (high, about) TIME + FOR O + TO Vo. Ex:  It’s time we went home. (Đã đến lúc chúng ta phải về nhà.) // It’s time for us to go home. (e) Trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thể cách (adverbial clause of manner) bắt đầu bằng AS IF/AS THOUGH (như thể là) để diễn tả một hành động không có thật ở hiện tại. SUBJECT + VERB (Present Simple) + AS IF/AS THOUGH + S + V (past subjunctive). (10).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span> Ex:.  She walks as if she had a wooden leg. (Cô ấy đi như thể là cô ta có một chân gỗ.)  He treats us as if we were all idiots. (Ông ta đối xử với chúng tôi như thể chúng tôi là những kẻ ngốc) ____________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. THE PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (quá khứ hoàn thành giả định) - Form: Subject + had + past participle (V-ed/V3) - Past perfect subjunctive được dùng trong các cấu trúc sau. (a) Dùng trong mệnh đề IF câu điều kiện loại 3 (điều kiện trái với sự thật ở quá khứ): If + S + V(past perfect subjunctive), S + would/could have + V(past participle). (11). Ex:  I didn’t know her address, so I didn’t send her a postcard. (Tôi không biết địa chỉ cô ta nên tôi đã không gửi bưu thiếp cho cô ta)  If I had known her address, I would have sent her a postcard. (Nếu tôi biết đ/chỉ cô ta, tôi sẽ gửi ...)  We didn’t go swimming because it rained. (Chúng tôi không đi bơi vì trời mưa.)  If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone swimming. (Nếu trời không mưa, chúng tôi sẽ đi bơi.) (b) Dùng trong mệnh đề danh từ làm tân ngữ của động từ WISH khi diễn đạt ước muốn trái với sự thật ở quá khứ (expressing past wishes): S + wish + (that) + S + V(past perfect subjunctive) = If only + S + V(past perfect subjunctive). (12). Ex: - I’m sorry you gave him my phone number.  I wish you hadn’t given him my phone number. - I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my work last night.  I wish I had finished my work last night. (c) Trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thể cách (adverbial clause of manner) bắt đầu bằng AS IF/AS THOUGH (như thể là) để diễn tả một hành động không có thật ở quá khứ. SUBJECT + VERB (Past Simple) + AS IF/AS THOUGH + S + V (past perfect subjunctive) Ex:. (13). - He ate his dinner as if he hadn’t eaten for a week.. (d) Trong Cấu trúc S + WOULD RATHER + S + HAD (NOT) + V3/ ed.  mong muốn ở quá khứ. Ex: Peter would rather we hadn’t left yesterday. They would rather I had given them a chance to tell the truth.. EXERCISES ON SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD --------------------o0o------------------I. Supply the correct tense of the verbs in brackets. 1. The doctor recommended that Susan (reduce) _______________her daily fat intake. 2. It’s high time the government (do) ________ something to solve the traffic problem.. (14).

<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span> 3. We suggested that she (go) _______ to the city to get good job. 4. It is important that all employees (be dressed) ________________ uniform on the ceremony. 5. Alice is a student, but she walks as if she (learn) _____________modeling. 6. It is imperative that this letter (be) ______ sent immediately. 7. The doctor suggested that he (stop) __________ smoking. 8. If only my next door neighbor (be) __________ more friendly. 9. The captain ordered that his sailors (leave) __________ the ship immediately. 10. I’d rather you (find) __________ another job. 11. Had I known about the truth, I (tell) _________________ you. 12. It is imperative that the world (work) __________ toward the global warming before it’s too late to do anything. 13. People would believe my story, if I (be) ________ not too young. 14. If I knew how to swim, I (join) _____________ you to the swimming pool. 15. It’s high time you (study) ___________ hard for the coming exam. 16. She suggested that we (meet) _______________ at the zoo. 17. I demanded that he (apologize) _____________ for insulting me. 18. Because it was difficult to find a hotel that night, I proposed that we ( find) __________ an inn. 19. The environmentalists felt it is important that everyone (reduce) ___________ pollution. 20. It is obligatory that every student (wear) ___________ uniform when coming to school. 21. It is imperative that the government (improve) _____________its public education system. What we do now will affect our young generation. 22. I suggest that you (read) __________ the instruction before you use this digital camera. 23. The woman insisted that he (repair) ____________ the leaking pipes in her house immediately. 24. Julia asked that we (attend) ___________ her graduation ceremony next week. 25. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) ____________ the swimming pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons. 26. I wish it (not rain) ________ heavily last Sunday. 27. I wish the traffic (not make) ________ so much noise every day. 28. Everybody was exhausted. It looked as if they (work) _________ hard. 29. I’d rather my teacher (give) ________ fewer compositions tonight. 30. I haven’t written to my pen pal – Tom - for so long. I wish I (know) ________ his address. II. Complete the sentences with as if/ as though. 1. Tim isn’t the boss but he acts as if he were the boss. (be) 2. The hole in my shirt wasn’t made by a bullet, but it looks as though it had been made by a bullet. (make) 3. Barabra has met me many times before, but she looked at me _________ before. (never/ meet). 4. I’m 20 years old, so please don’t talk to me __________ a child. (be). 5. She heard everything I said, but she went right on talking __________ a word I’d said. (not hear). 6. Mark has many friends, but he looks so depressed __________ a friend in the world. (not have). 7. It was a long time ago that we first met but I remember it _________ yesterday. (be). 8. When Joanna came in from the rainstorm, she looked __________ a shower with her clothes on. (take). 9. Steve has only met Nicole once but he talks about her ________ a close friend of her. (be) 10. She will be here, but she spoke _________ here (not be). III. Read the situation and write sentences with structure “It’s time + S + V 2/ ed” and “It’s time + for O + to Vo” 1. You think the children should be in bed. It’s already 11 o’clock.  It’s time the children were in bed.  It’s time for the children to be in bed. 2. You haven’t had a holiday for a very long time. You need one now.  ______________________________________________________________________.  ______________________________________________________________________. 3. You’re waiting for Mary. She is late. Why isn’t she here yet?  ______________________________________________________________________.  ______________________________________________________________________. 4. The company you work for is badly run. You think there should be some changes.  ______________________________________________________________________. ______________________________________________________________________..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span> 5. It’s 10 o’clock and Tim is still in bed. You think he should get up now.  ______________________________________________________________________.  ______________________________________________________________________. 6. You’re sitting on a train waiting for it to leave the station. It’s already five minutes late.  ______________________________________________________________________.  ______________________________________________________________________. 7. The windows are very dirty. You think they should be cleaned now.  ______________________________________________________________________.  ______________________________________________________________________. 8. You want your parents to stop treating Tommy like a child. He’s 18 years old..  ________________________________________________________________.  ________________________________________________________________. IV. Complete the sentences below by using “would rather” + S + subjunctive verb form. 1. A: Shall I tell Ann the news? – B: No, I’d rather she (not know) ________. 2. I’d like to see you again, but I’m busy tomorrow. I’d rather you (come) ________ at the weekend. 3. I’d rather we (not see) ________ that horror film. I had a nightmare that night. 4. A: I told her a new facts about herself. – B: Oh dear! I would rather you (not do) ________ that. That might have been upset her a lot. 5. This is a private letter addressed to me. I’d rather you (not read) _________ it. 6. It’s quite a nice house but I’d rather it (be) ________ a bit bigger. 7. A: Do you mind if I turn on the radio? – B: I’d rather you (not do) ________ that. I’m trying to concentrate on my study. 8. A: I’m sorry I didn’t turn up yesterday. – B: Yesterday’s difficult. I’d rather you (come) ________. V. TRANSFORMATION ON SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 1. Please don’t tell anyone about it. - I’d rather you _________________________________________________________________ 2. I would prefer you deliver the sofa this afternoon. - I’d rather you _________________________________________________________________ 3. Why don’t you ask her yourself ? - My friend suggests that _________________________________________________________ 4. She urged her husband to apply for the post in the government. - She urged that her husband ______________________________________________________ 5. They insisted on my coming early. - They insisted that _____________________________________________________________ 6. He sent his money luxuriously like a billionaire. - He spent his money as if ________________________________________________________ 7. I should really be leaving here – there’s a little time left. - It’s time for __________________________________________________________________ 8. What a pity ! Your sister can’t come with us. - If only ______________________________________________________________________ 9. English is not her native language but she can manage to speak it fluently. - She speaks English as though ___________________________________________________ 10. Michael lost his job last month, so he cannot buy a car. - If Michael ___________________________________________________________________ 11. He regrets applying for the job in that company. - He wishes ___________________________________________________________________ 12. The headmaster insists on every schoolgirl’s wearing ao dai every Monday. - The headmaster insists that ______________________________________________________ 13. They advise her to eat less meat and fat to keep herself healthy. - It is advisable that she __________________________________________________________ 14. Naturally, a child had better respect his parents. - It is natural that _______________________________________________________________ 15. We are afraid that our team won’t win the cup net week. - We wish _____________________________________________________________________ 16. “Would you mind not smoking in here?”, said they to Peter..

<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span> - They’d rather Peter ____________________________________________________________ 17. It’s too late. He must go home. - It’s high time for _______________________________________________________________ 18. Every student must wear uniform. It is obligatory. - It is obligatory that ____________________________________________________________ 19. They recommended her to go to the best doctor in town. - They recommended that she _____________________________________________________ 20. I really think you ought to acquire a some essential informations about the upcoming exam. - It’s about time you ____________________________________________________________ VI. MULTIPLE CHOICE ON SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 1. John would rather ________ free tomorrow. A. is B. was C. be D. will be 2. I would rather he _________ her to his birthday party last Sunday. A. have invited B. had invited C. invited D. would invite 3. We’d better take an umbrella with us because it looks as if it ________. A. is going to rain B. would rain C. is raining D. rained 4. I wish you ________ to me before you went and bought that car. A. spoke B. have spoken C. had spoken D. would have spoken 5. He always talks as though he _________a public meeting. A. addressing B. addressed C. were addressing D. is addressing 6. He talks as if he ________ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it. A. was doing B. had done C. did D. has done 7. If only we ________ a car. I’m tired of the bad service of public transportation in this city. A. were B. had C. have D. are 8. The movie director insisted that everything about his productions ________ authentic. A. would be B. is C. can be D. be 9. It is essential that pollution ________ and eventually _________. A. must be controlled/ must be eliminated B. be controlled/ be eliminated C. is controlled/ is eliminated D. Both b and c are correct. 10. The students requested that the test _______, but the professor decided against a postponement. A. be postponed B. must be postponed C. postponed D. could be postponed 11. She treats us as if we ________ all idiots. A. are B. had been C. have been D. were 12. Everybody feels sorry for him and says that “If only he ________ more time revising for his exams” A. should have spent B. would have spent C. had spent D. spent 13. He looks as though he ________ delicious meal in his life, but in fact his wife feels him very well. A. has never got B. never gets C. never got D. had never got 14. The laws requires that everyone _________ their car checked at least once a year. A. has B. have C. must have D. be having 15. I wish I ________ to rewrite my essay. I only made it worse. A. wouldn’t have tried B. wouldn’t try C. had tried D. hadn’t tried 16. I feel terrible. The heavy truck raced by me at full speed. I feel as if I ________ over. A. was run B. have been run C. had been run D. was being run 17. If only he ________ us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong. A. had told B. has told C. would have told D. should have told 18. It is vital that no one else ________ about the secret military operation near the border. A. should know B. knows C. can know D. could know 19. It is recommendation of the consultants that the patient _______ under medical supervision. A. treating B. treated C. be treated D. is treated.

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