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PỜ ND-ĒT TFÂLF RFỒ ĒÂ LẴLN

Hỿ TFJ Fể@ PJLF NJỌJ

T_ƭồLN TFRT @F[ZÇL

@Á@ T_ƭồLN TFRT @F[ZÇL

CÇ Q[Õ ĒƠL

HF[ YỲ@ D[ZÇL FắJ YÂ ĒởLN OẲLN OẬ@ OỖ
CẩL TFỦ VJJ, LďE ?21:

ĒỂ TFJ ĒỂ LNFệ

ĒỂ TFJ EÔL7 TJẼLN ALF ‐ HFỒJ 11

Tfổj njal7 162 pf÷t (Hfơln hỀ tfổj njal njam đề)
(Ēề tfj nỐe ?? traln)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. CJPTKLJLN (;2 pts)
Rartt 17 Zmu wjcc
Rar
wjcc fkar
fkar twm a`adkej`s
a`adkej`s `acckd
`acckd Gmfl Iarrkl
Iarrkldac

dackk ald Cmjs
Cmjs Nralnk
Nralnkr,
r,
tahjln part jl a djs`ussjml ml tfk suogk`t mi attjtudks tm wmrh. @fmmsk tfk alswkr A,
O, @ mr D wfj`f ijts okst a``mrdjln tm wfat ymu fkar. ^rjtk ymur alswkrs jl tfk
`mrrkspmldjln omxks prmvjdkd. (12 pts)
1. Cmjs anrkks wjtf Gmfl's pmjlt tfat ]]]]]]]]]]
A. emst pkmpck drkad tfk prmspk`t mi ulkepcmyeklt.
O. tfk psy`fmcmnj`ac kiik`ts mi ulkepcmyeklt `al ok mvkrstatkd.
@. smek pkmpck ark okttkr kqujppkd tm dkac wjtf ulkepcmyeklt tfal mtfkrs.
D. prmockes arjsk wfkl ulkepcmyeklt `mjl`jdks wjtf mtfkr traueatj` kvklts.
?. Cmjs anrkks wjtf tfk cjstklkr wfm sunnkstkd tfat ]]]]]]]]]]
A. wmrh js mlcy mlk aspk`t mi a iucijccjln cjik.
O. vmcultary wmrh eay ok emrk rkwardjln tfal pajd wmrh.
@. lmt kvkryomdy `al kxpk`t a fjnf ckvkc mi gmo satjsia`tjml.
D. pkmpck sfmucd prkpark imr rkduldal`y as tfky wmucd imr rktjrkeklt.
0. ^fat js Gmfl's attjtudk tmwards pkmpck wfm skk wmrh as a –ekals tm al kld―=
A. Fk dmuots tfkjr ckvkc mi `meejteklt tm tfk gmo.
O. Fk a``kpts tfat tfky favk eadk a vacjd `fmj`k.
@. Fk ikars jt wjcc ckad tm djiij`uctjks imr tfke catkr.
D. Fk ikkcs tfky eay ok ejssjln mut ml smektfjln jepmrtalt.
4. ^fkl ashkd aomut sm-`acckd 'sca`hkrs' at wmrh, Gmfl pmjlts mut tfat ]]]]]]]]]]
A. tfky a``kpt tfk lmtjml tfat wmrh js a lk`kssary kvjc.
O. pkmpck mitkl guep tm uliajr `ml`cusjmls aomut tfke.
Rank 1 mi ??

@. tfkjr vjkws ark ula``kptaock jl a irkk caomur earhkt.
D. su`f al attjtudk fas ok`mek jl`rkasjlncy ula``kptaock.
;. Cmjs qumtks tfk psy`fmcmnjst Irkud jl mrdkr tm ]]]]]]]]]]
A. sfmw fmw jltkcck`tuac jdkas favk sfjitkd mvkr tjek.
O. prmvjdk a `mltrast tm tfk jdkas mi Okrtrald _usskcc.
@. qukstjml tfk jdka tfat a dksjrk tm wmrh js a laturac tfjln.
D. ckld wkjnft tm Gmfl's jdkas aomut jl`rkaskd sm`jac emojcjty.

Zmur alswkrs7
1.

?.

0.

4.

;.

Rart ?7 Zmu ark nmjln tm fkar a `mlvkrsatjm
`mlvkrsatjmll aomut al a``jdklt.
a``jdklt. Dk`jdk wfktfkr
wfktfkr tfk
imc
mcccmwj
mwjln stat
statke
kekl
kltts ark
ark truk

ruk (T)
(T) mr iac
acsk
sk (I).
(I). ^rjtk
rjtk ymur
ymur alswk
lswkrs
rs jl tfk
`mrrkspmldjln omxks prmvjdkd. (12 pts)
1. Tfk a``jdklt fappklkd durjln tfk fmcjdays.
?. Fjs jljtjac assksseklt mi tfk jlgury was mptjejstj`.
0. Fk fad tm favk skvkrac stjt`fks tfk imccmwjln day.
4. Tfky omtf rkekeokr tfk lkws stmrjks aomut tfk vkry strmln wjlds.
;. Tfk spkahkr fjt fjs `fjl anajlst tfk sjdk mi a `ar.

Zmur alswkrs7
1.

?.

0.

4.

;.

Rart 07 Cjstkl tm a tach aomut ekemry ald alswkr tfk qukstjmls wjtf LM EM_K
TFAL TF_KK ^M_DP imr ka`f alswkr. ^rjtk ymur alswkrs jl tfk spa`k prmvjdkd.
(12 pts)

1. Fmw was Dr. Ikdkrjh Puccjval‚s ekemry at ijrst=
………………………………………………………………………………………..
?. Oksjdk a `meputkr, wfat `al fkcp ymu jeprmvk ymur ekemry=
………………………………………………………………………………………..
0. Oksjdk prmcmlnjln cjik wfat fas a iucc ald a`tjvk ekemry okkl prmvkd tm ok aock tm dm=
………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. A``mrdjln
A``mrdjln tm Pucc
Puccjval,
jval, fmw js tfk fu
fueal
eal orajl=
orajl=
Rank ? mi ??

………………………………………………………………………………………..
;. ^fat js tfk iul`tjml
iul`tjml mi cml
cmln-tkre
n-tkre e
ekemry=
kemry=
………………………………………………………………………………………..

Rart 47 Cjstkl tm tfk rk`mrdjln. Ijcc tfk naps jl tfk skltkl`ks okcmw wjtf LM EM_K
TFAL
TF

AL TF_KK
TF_KK ^M_DP
^M_DP a``mrdjl
a``mrdjlnn tm wfat
wfat ymu fkar. ^rjtk
^rjtk ymur
ymur alswkr
alswkrss jl tfk
spa`k prmvjdkd. (?2 pts)

_mokrt Ckk ruls al mrnaljsatjml tfat spk`jacjsks jl tfk 1. ]]]]]]]]]]]] mi prmikssjmlacs.
_mok
_m
okrt
rt js `k
`krt
rtaj
ajl
l tf
tfat
at jt wj
wjcc
cc lm
lmtt ok pm
pmss
ssjo
jock
ck tm su
su``
``kk

kkd
d jl tfk
tfk kk-k`
k`ml
mlme
mey
y wjtf
wjtfmu
mutt
pmsskssjln ?. ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]].
A``mrdjln tm _mokrt, emrk pkmpck wjcc usk tfk Jltkrlkt tm wmrh 0. ]]]]]]]]]]]]]] as
`mepaljks nrmw seacckr.
Kepcmykrs mi k-cal`krs oklkijt irme tfk tacklt au`tjml ok`ausk jt njvks tfke a(l) 4.
]]]]]]]]]]]]] mi `aldjdatks.
_mokrt says tfat tfk `meputkr systke lmw eay ok`mek ;. ]]]]]]]]]]]]] jl tfk lkar
iuturk, sm a cmt emrk tk`flj`ac shjccs ark rkqujrkd tm ekkt tfk dkeald mi kepcmyeklt.
_kskar`f fas sfmwl tfat jl`rkaskd 9. ]]]]]]]]]]]]]] `al klsurk okttkr ckarljln `fmj`ks.
A``mrdjln tm _mokrt, jt js lmt tfk suogk`t, out tfk a`tuac >. ]]]]]]]]]]] tfat js jepmrtalt.
As a rks
rksuc
uctt mi `f
`fal
alnk
nkss jl tf
tfkk wm
wmrhj
rhjln
ln kl
klvj
vjrml

rmlek
eklt
lt,, tfk
tfk iul
iul`t
`tjm
jml
l mi ea
eala
lank
nkrs
rs wjcc
wjcc
smektjeks lkkd tm 6. ]]]]]]]]]]]]].
Tfk wmrhjln tjek ald rkspmlsjojcjtjks mi iucc-tjek kepcmykks ark :. ]]]]]]]]]]]]].
Lmwadays, tfk aemult mi tjek kepcmykks spkld ml tfkjr wmrh js ckss jepmrtalt tfal tfkjr
12. ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]].

O. CKVJ@M ALD N_AEEA_ (02 pts)
Rart 17 @fmmsk tfk alswkr A, O, @, mr D tfat okst `mepcktks ka`f mi tfk imccmwjln
skltkl`ks. ^rjtk ymur alswkrs jl tfk `mrrkspmldjln lueokrkd omxks. (12 pts)
1. Aitkr tfk kartfquahk, tfk kltral`k facc was turlkd jltm a ]]]]]]] @asuacty ward.

A. eajlstay

O. eahksfjit

@. pjk`kwmrh

D. waysjdk

?. A7 –J‚vk fad a ]]]]]]] pajl jl ey sjdk acc day.―
Rank 0 mi ??

O7 –Jt‚s prmoaocy jldjnkstjml.―

A. wfjepkrjln

O. lannjln

@. emaljln

D. euttkrjln

0. J hlmw oudnkts ark tjnft, out wfkrk saikty js `ml`krlkd J dml‚t tfjlh wk sfmucd `ut
]]]]]]].
A. rmulds

O. ways

@. `mrlkrs

D. cjlks

4. Tfk rkac tkst mi ymur rkcatjmlsfjp wjcc `mek wfkl ymu start tm skk ymur lkw omyirjkld

]]]]]]] ald acc.

A. warts

O. spmts

@. emcks

D. iaucts

;. J‚e mptjln mut mi tfk ]]]]]]] ra`k ald nmjln tm cjvk ml a seacc iare jl tfk `multrysjdk.

A. fmrsk

O. dmn

@. rat

D. `at ald emusk

9. Ptkcca‚s parklts dk`jdkd tm ]]]]]]] mut ml a rk`kptjml imr ;22 pkmpck at fkr wkddjln.

A. `rasf

O. seasf

@. tfrasf

D. spcasf

>. Ealy djskasks tfat uskd tm ok `mlsjdkrkd ]]]]]]] mi ealhjld ark lmw kasjcy trkataock
wjtf altjojmtj`s.

A. s`murnks

O. tmrturks

@. ocjnfts

D. tfmrls

6. ^k‚rk nmjln tm favk tm ]]]]]]] a cmt mi emlky lkxt ykar tm favk tfk fmusk rkpajrkd.

A. stm`h up

O. hlm`h mii

@. imrh mut

D. put oa`h

:. J‚e lmt surprjskd pkmpck ark arnujln- tfky ark at tfk ]]]]]]]]]] mi tfkjr tktfkr.

A. kld

O. cjejt

@. ijljsf

D. tkrejlatjml

12. Eatkrjacjse traps us ]]]]]]]]]] jl a wmrcd mi pmsskssjmls fan-rjddkl oy jrratjmlac
ikars mi cjhkcy cmss ald curhjln dalnkrs.

A. jeprmeptu

O. mii tfk `uii

@. ml a wfje

D. ulawarks

Zmur alswkrs7

1.

?.

0.

4.

;.

9.

>.

6.

:.

12.

Rart ?7 Tfk passank okcmw `mltajls ; ejstahks. Jdkltjiy tfk ejstahks ald wrjtk tfk
`mrrk`tjmls jl tfk `mrrkspmldjln lueokrkd omxks. Tfkrk js al kxaepck at tfk
oknjlljln. (; pts)
Cjlk
Rank 4 mi ??

1

Imr `klturjks, s`jkltjst ald pfjcmsmpfkrs favk okkl ias`jlatkd oy tfk orajl,
ultjc rk`kltcy vjkwkd as lkarcy jl`meprkfklsjock. Twm tfmusald ijvk fuldrkd
ykars anm Fjppm`ratks arnukd tfat tfk orajl emrk tfal tfk fkart, wfj`f js
wfat fjs `mltkepmrarjks okcjkvkd, js tfk skat mi tfmunft, sklsatjml, kemtjml

;

ald `mnljtjml. Jl tfk 1> tf ald 16tf `kltu
`klturjks,

rjks, alatmejs
alatmejsts
ts oknal dkpj`tjln tfk
stru`turk mi tfk orajl wjtf jl`rkasjln a``ura`y. Fmwkvkr, lmt ultjc tfk 1: tf
`k
`klt
ltury
ury jt wa
wass `m
`mlij
lijre
rekd
kd tf
tfat
at lk
lkrvk
rvkss ald
ald eus`
eus`ck
ckss nk
nklk
lkrat
ratkk kck`
kck`tr
trj`
j`ac
ac
jepu
je
pucs

csks
ks.. Ac
Accc mi tf
tfjs
js pa
pavk
vk tf
tfkk wa
way
y im
imrr tfk
tfk em
emdk
dkrl
rl kr
kraa mi lk
lkurm
urms`
s`jk
jkl`
l`k,
k,
oknjlljln wjtf tfk wmrh mi Ppaljsf alatmejst _aeml y @agac ml tfk dawl mi

12

tfk ?2tf `kltury7 fk sunnkstkd tfat mur aojcjtjks dkpkld ml tfk way lkurmls ark
`mllk`tkd,
`mllk`
tkd, lmt ml aly spk`jac ikaturks mi tfk `kccs tfkes

tfkeskcvks
kcvks.. Ald jl rk`klt
ykars, duk tm tfk a``kckratjln pa`k mi rkskar`f jl lkurmcmnj`ac ald okfavjmr
s`jkl`k, acmln wjtf tfk dkvkcmpeklt mi lkw rkskar`f tk`fljquks, s`jkltjsts

1;

favk oknul tm uldkrstald eu`f emrk aomut tfk 122 ojccjml lkurmls wfj`f,
acmln wjtf trjccjmls
trjccjmls mi lkurac `mllk`t
`mllk`tjmls,
jmls, `mlstru`
`mlstru`tt tfk emst jltrj
jltrj`atk
`atk mrnal
mi tfk fueal omdy, wkjnf tfrkk pmulds ald usjln a ijitf mi a pkrsml‚s ocmmd
suppcy.

Zmur alswkrs7

2

Cjlk

Ejstahk

@mrrk`tjml

1

s`jkltjst

s`jkltjsts

1
?
0
4
;

Rank ; mi ??

Rart
Ra
rt 07 @mep
@mepck
cktk
tk ka`f
ka`f mi tfk
tfk im
imcc
ccmw
mwjl
jlnn sklt
skltkl
kl`k
`kss wjtf

wjtf a sujt
sujtao
aock
ck prkp
prkpms
msjt
jtjm
jmll mr
partj`ck. ^rjtk ymur alswkrs jl tfk `mrrkspmldjln lueokrkd omxks. (; pts)
1. ^k acc favk tm imccmw tfk rucks, ald lmlk mi us js ]]]]]]]]]] tfk caw.
?. J‚e
J‚e tr
tryj
yjln
ln tm arra
arraln
lnkk al jl
jltk
tkrv
rvjk
jkw
w wj
wjtf
tf tf
tfkk kdjt
kdjtmr
mr out
out jt‚s
jt‚s djii
djiij`

j`uc
uctt tm pjl
pjl fje
fje
]]]]]]]]]] tm al kxa`t tjek.
0. Tfk ommh was rkaccy iully- jt fad ek ]]]]]]]]]] stj`fks.
4. ^k favk okkl rkaccy ousy, out tfjlns ark startjln tm sca`hkl ]]]]]]]]]] lmw.
;. J fkard ]]]]]]]]]] tfk nrapkvjlk tfat Nkmrnk js jl cjlk imr prmemtjml.
Zmur alswkrs7

1.

?.

0.

4.

;.

Rart 47 Njvk tfk `mrrk`t imre mi ka`f ora`hktkd wmrd jl tfk imccmwjln passank. ^rjtk
ymur alswkrs jl tfk `mrrkspmldjln lueokrkd omxks. (12 pts)
TFK _MCK MI KD[@ATJML JL TFK DKYKCMRJLN ^M_CD
Ckvkcs mi jccjtkra`y ald (1.L[EOK_) ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] rkeajl startcjlncy fjnf jl tfk
dkvk
dk
vkcm
cmpj
pjln
ln wm

wmrc
rcd,
d, al
ald
d `m
`mlt
ltjl
jluk
uk tm ok sm ul
ultj
tjcc tfk
tfk ^k
^kst
st pr
prmv
mvjd
jdks
ks mr sp
spml
mlsm
smrs
rs lkw
lkw
kdu`atjml jljtjatjvks, prkikraocy acsm nkttjln djrk`tcy jlvmcvkd. A okttkr kdu`atjml js a
prkrkqujsjtk sfmucd tfk (?. RMYK_TZ) ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] eassks mi Airj`a kvkr wjsf tm
fmcd aly nklujl
nklujlkk fmpk mi najlj
najljln
ln tfkjr (0.KEAL
(0.KEAL@JRAT

@JRATK)
K) ]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]]]
]]] irme tfk
ektapfmrj`ac sfa`hcks mi pmvkrty. Kdu`atjml jljtjatjvks imr ymuln pkmpck as wkcc as cjikcmln ckarljln prmnraeeks wjcc acsm fkcp tm orka`f tfk nuci tfat skparatks tfk wmrhjln
`cassks irme tfkjr rucjln kcjtk, a (4. R_JYJCKN
R_JYJCKNK)
K) ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ikw wfm klgmy tfk
(;.T_AR) ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] mi ^kstkrl wkactf ald ttfk
fk cjikstyck tfat nmks wjtf
wjtf jt, wfjck
tfmsk jl tfkjr ejdst ark `mepcktkcy prkm``upjkd wjtf tfk dajcy strunnck imr survjvac.
Iurtfk
Iur
tfkrem
remrk,
rk, wk eus
eustt prme
prmemtk
mtk a `uc
`uctu
turk
rk mi (9.TMC
(9.TMCK_A
K_ATK)
TK) ]]]
]]]]]]
]]]]]]]
]]]]]]]

]]]]]]
]]] mi
`mrruptjml, ald fkcp tm `rkatk a lkw nklkratjml imr wfme kdu`atjml ratfkr tfal a(l) (>.
P@_[RCK) ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] laturk wjcc rkap tfk truk rkwards. Kdu`atjml wjcc acsm
fkcp tm orjdnk almtfkr nap8 tfat mi tfk `ucturac mlk wfj`f skparatks tfk ^kst irme jts
orktfrkl jl tfk dkvkcmpjln wmrcd. Tfk scues ald sfalty tmwls ark a fmtokd mi rkcjnjmus
ald pmcjtj`ac
pmcjtj`ac (6. KVT_KEK
KVT_KEK)) ]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]]],
]]]], out fmpkiuccy
fmpkiuccy kdu`atjm
kdu`atjml
l wjcc skrvk tm
Rank 9 mi ??

`rkatk a okttkr sklsk mi uldkrstaldjln oktwkkl acc tfk pkmpcks mi tfk wmrcd, (:. _KPRK@T)
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] mi oa`hnrmuld. Ald tfjs wjcc kspk`jaccy ok tfk `ask ji tfk kdu`atjml
prmnraeeks tfkeskcvks ark adejljstkrkd oy ^kstkrl prmikssjmlacs, wfm, jl eu`f tfk
saek way as tfky `al tka`f a tfjln mr twm tm tfkjr `multkrparts jl tfk dkvkcmpjln wmrcd,
favk acsm, lm dmuot, eu`f tm ckarl irme tfke jl tfk prm`kss as wkcc. @mmpkratjml oktwkkl
pkmpck irme
i rme djiikrklt `ucturks mi tfk ^kst ald tfk dkvkcmpjln wmrcd wjcc acsm, fmpkiuccy,
fkcp tm rkdu`k ckvkcs mi prkgudj`k, ojnmtry, xklmpfmoja ald ra`jac tklsjmls. Ald, cast out
lmt oy aly ekals ckast, kdu`atjln wmekl wjcc (12. RM^K_) ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] tfke tm
`caje tfkjr rjnftiuc pca`k jl tfk sm`jac fjkrar`fy jl up-tm-lmw eack-dmejlatkd `ucturks.

Tfkjr aspjratjmls `al sfjit rkacjstj`accy fjnfkr, ald ymuln ikeack studklts `al fmpk tm nm
ml tm ok`mek tmemrrmw‚s pmcjtj`jals, djpcmeats ald pmcjtj`ac ckadkrs, mr wfatsmkvkr tfky
`fmmsk.

Zmur alswkrs7
19.

?>.

06.

4:.

;1.2.

@. _KADJLN @MER_KFKLPJML (92 pts)
Rart 17 _kad tfk imccmwjln passank ald dk`jdk wfj`f alswkr (A, O, @ mr D) okst ijts
ka`f nap. ^rjtk ymur alswkrs jl tfk `mrrkspmldjln lueokrkd omxks. (12 pts)
MH=
Tfk wmrd MH js uojqujtmus jl emdkrl Klncjsf out jts mrjnjls rkeajl (1) ]]]]]]] jl
eystkry. Mvkr tfk ykars, ealy tfkmrjks favk okkl (?) ]]]]]] rknardjln jts dkrjvatjml out
lmlk mi tfke js (0) ]]]]]]] `mlvjl`jln. Tfk ijrst rk`mrdkd wrjttkl usk mi MH was jl
160:, wfkl jt appkarkd jl a lkwspapkr artj`ck jl Omstml, Eassa`fusktts. Tfkrk was a (4)
]]]]]]] imr wa`hy a`rmlyes at tfk tjek, gust as tmday's tkxt ekssanks usk tfjlns cjhk
'CMC', ald MH accknkdcy mrjnjlatkd as a ejsspkccjln mi Acc @mrrk`t. Out (;) ]]]]]] ealy
mi tfksk a`rmlyes icmurjsfkd orjkicy ald tfkl nraduaccy (9) ]]]]]]] mut mi usk, MH fas
prmvkd tm ok rkearhaocy (>) ]]]]]]]. Jt ijrst rka`fkd Klncald jl 16>2, wfkrk jt appkarkd
appkar kd
jl tfk wmrds mi a pmpucar smln, ald tmday js jl (6) ]]]]]]] usk a`rmss tfk Klncjsfspkahjln wmrcd. As part mi a pfrask ' …. rucks MH', jt fas okkl a eajlstay mi uroal nraiijtj
Rank > mi ??

sjl`k tfk 1:02s ald jl 1:9: jt fad tfk (:) ]]]]]] mi okjln tfk ijrst wmrd spmhkl ml tfk
emml. Jl sfmrt, jt's a (12) ]]]]]]] uskiuc wmrd.
1. A. sfrmudkd

O. semtfkrkd

@. `cmtfkd

D. drapkd

?. A. cajd mut

O. put imrward

@. drawl up

D. ormunft aomut

0. A. wjdkcy

O. eajlcy

@. wfmccy

D. carnkcy

4. A. fypk

O. `razk

@. rank

D. wfje

;. A. dkspjtk

O. acokjt

@. wfkrkas

D. prmvjdjln

9. A. scjppkd

O. iadkd

@. `rkpt

D. straykd

>. A. rksmcutk

O. stacwart

@. stkadiast

D. rksjcjklt

6. A. staul`f

O. rkckltckss

@. duraock

D. `mlstalt

:. A. `rkdjt

O. prjdk

@. fmlmur

D. a``caje

@. `ml`cusjvkcy

D. `mltrmvkrsjaccy

12. A. pfklmeklaccy O. mrdjlarjcy
Zmur alswkrs7

1.

?.

0.

4.

;.

9.

>.

6.

:.

12.

Rart ?7 _kad tfk tkxt okcmw ald tfjlh mi tfk wmrd wfj`f okst ijts ka`f spa`k. [sk
mlcy mlk wmrd jl ka`f spa`k. ^rjtk ymur alswkrs jl tfk `mrrkspmldjln lueokrkd
omxks. (1; pts)
FMRKP PR_JLNP KTK_LAC
As tfk kyks mi tfk wmrcd im`uskd ml Pmutf Airj`a at tfk start mi tfk ?212 immtoacc
^mrc
^m
rcd
d @u
@up,
p, la
latj
tjml
mlac
ac pr

prjd
jdkk wa
wass at al accacc-tj
tjek
ek (1
(1)) ]]]]
]]]]]]
]]]]
]]]]
]]].
]. Tfk
Tfk lk
lkw
w stad
stadju
jues
es
ncjttkrkd, tfk latjmlac altfke was suln as lkvkr okimrk ald tfk euctjra`jac tkae tmmh tm
tfk pjt`f iuccy awark mi wfat tfkjr prkskl`k ml tfk ncmoac stank ekalt tm tfkjr latjml.
A (?) ]]]]]]]]]]]twklty ykars okimrk, tfk eal wfm was tm ok`mek tfk `multry‚s
ijrst
ijr
st oca
oca`h
`h prks
prksjdk
jdklt,
lt, Lkc
Lkcsml
sml Eal

Ealdkc
dkca,
a, was rkc
rkckas
kaskd
kd irm
irme
e gaj
gajcc ait
aitkr
kr ?> ykars
ykars fav
favjln
jln
jljtjaccy okkl jeprjsmlkd imr fjs rmck as ckadkr mi tfk oallkd Airj`al Latjmlac @mlnrkss
ald imr pcalljln a`ts mi saomtank (0) ]]]]]]]]]]] tfk statk. Tfk rmad tm irkkdme fad
okkl cjttkrkd wjtf mosta`cks ald imr a cmln tjek jt fad skkekd as ji tfk dkstjlatjml wmucd
lkvkr ok rka`fkd.

Rank 6 mi ??

Tfk systke mi apartfkjd tfat was imreacjzkd jl tfk 1:42s, ald wfj`f castkd ultjc
1::4, fad jts (4) ]]]]]]]]]]]] jl tfk ra`jac sknrknatjml jltrmdu`kd durjln `mcmljac tjeks,
wfkl tfk Orjtjsf ald Dut`f oattckd imr `mltrmc mi tfk `multry‚s rj`fks. Tfk pmcj`y mi
mpprkssjml ald rkcm`atjml mi lml-wfjtks jljtjaccy rkapkd funk (;) ]]]]]]]]]]] imr tfk
rucjln wfjtk ejlmrjty ald oy tfk 1:92s tfk `multry fad k`mlmej` nrmwtf sk`mld mlcy tm
Gapal. At tfk saek tjek, fmwkvkr, tfk kiimrt tm (9) ]]]]]]]]]]] tfk rjnjd sm`jac stru`turk

jepmskd upml tfk eagmrjty mi tfk latjml was ok`mejln kvkr emrk `mstcy ald `mepcj`atkd.
Jltkrla
Jlt
krlatjm
tjmlac
laccy,
cy, `ac
`accs
cs imr omy
omy`mt
`mtts
ts wkr
wkrkk nrm
nrmwjl
wjln
n ald tfk `mu
`multr
ltry
y was ok`mej
ok`mejln
ln
jl`rkasjlnc
jl`rka
sjlncy
y jsmca
jsmcatkd.
tkd. Jltkrlacc
Jltkrlaccy,
y, pmpucar
pmpucar (>) ]]]]]]]]]] was

was nrmwjln. Tfk nmvkrleklt
ia`kd wavk aitkr wavk mi strjhks, eat`fks, prmtkst ald saomtank oy omeojln ald mtfkr
ekal
ek
als.
s. Tf
Tfkk rkpk
rkpkat
atkd
kd ea
eass
ssa`
a`rks
rks mi dk
dkem
emls
lstr
trat
atjm
jml
l drk
drkw
w wj
wjdk
dksp
sprk
rkad
ad jltk
jltkrl
rlat

atjm
jmla
lacc
`mldke
`ml
dkelat
latjml
jml ald
ald,, mi `mu
`mursk,
rsk, (6) ]]]
]]]]]]
]]]]]]
]]]]]
]] tm strkln
strklntfk
tfkl
l suppmr
suppmrtt imr rksjsta
rksjstal`k
l`k
mrnaljzatjmls, oy tfk 1:>2s, tfk `multry was acsm keormjckd jl a lueokr mi ejcjtary
ejssjmls jl lkjnf
ejssjmls
lkjnfomurjl
omurjln
n `multrjks jl al attke
attkept
pt tm `rusf acc djssklt, (:) ]]]]]]]]]]]
jl

jltk
tkrla
rlacc rkp
rkprk
rkss
ssjm
jml
l al
ald
d `k
`kls
lsmrs
mrsfj
fjp
p rka`
rka`fk
fkd
d lkw
lkw ckvk
ckvkcs
cs.. Oy ej
ejdd-62
62s,
s, sm
smut
utf
f Airj
Airj`a
`a‚‚
k`mlmey was mlk mi tfk wkahkst jl tfk wmrcd ald tfk wrjtjln was `ckarcy ml tfk wacc.

Imccmwjln Ealdkca‚s rkckask ald djsealtcjln mi apparatus mi apartfkjd, tfk jssuk mi
fmw tm emvk tfk `multr
`multry
y imrwar
imrward
d pka`ka
pka`kaocy
ocy cmmekd (12) ]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]].
]]]. Tfk kstaocjsfe
kstaocjsfeklt
klt
mi Tfk Trutf ald _k`ml`jcjatjml @meejssjml was a eagmr stkp jl tfjs djrk`tjml.
Zmur alswkrs7

1.

?.

0.

4.

;.

9.

>.

6.

:.

12.

Rart 07 _kad tfk imccmwjln passank ald `fmmsk tfk okst alswkr. ^rjtk ymur alswkrs
jl tfk `mrrkspmldjln lueokrkd omxks. (12pts)
JPCALD OJMNKMN_ARFZ EMDKC
Pjl`k tfk 1:92s, s`jkltjsts favk okkl studyjln tfk `mepmsjtjml ald staojcjty mi jscald
`meeuljtjks. Ppk`jij`accy, tfky favk okkl jltkrkstkd jl wfat jt tahks tm eajltajl cjik jl
tfksk jsmcatkd
jsmcatkd arkas
arkas.. As a rksuct
rksuct,, tfky dkvkcmpk
dkvkcmpkd
d tfk jscald ojmnkmnrap
ojmnkmnrapfy
fy emdkc, a emdkc
tfat lmt mlcy prmvjdks jlimreatjml ml jscald pmpucatjmls, out acsm prmvjdks jlsjnfts jltm
`mlskrvatjml.
Rank : mi ??

Tfk jscald ojmnkmnrapfy emdkc tfkmrjzks tfat tfk lueokr mi djiikrklt spk`jks ml al
jsca
jscald
ld wj
wjcc

cc ea
eajl
jlta
tajl
jl kquj
kqujcj
cjor
orju
jue,
e, mr a st
stat
atkk mi oa
oaca
cal`
l`k,
k, ae
aejd
jd tfk
tfk

icujd7 `f
`fal
alnk
nkss mi

jeejnratjml ald kxtjl`tjml. Jl mtfkr wmrds, tfk lueokr mi spk`jks ml al jscald rkeajls
`mlstalt. Jl al kxpkrjeklt jl tfk [P statk mi Icmrjda, jscalds mi ealnrmvk trkks wkrk
imuld tm fmusk ealy djiik
djiikrklt
rklt spk`jks mi artfrm

artfrmpmds.
pmds. P`jkltjsts
P`jkltjsts dm`uekltkd tfk lueokrs
ald typks mi spk`jks. Tfky tfkl spraykd jlsk`t pmjsml mvkr tfk jscalds, dkstrmyjln acc mi
tf
tfkk ar
artf
tfrm
rmpmd
pmdss tfkr
tfkrk.
k. Tfk
Tfky
y mo
mosk
skrvk
rvkd
d tf
tfkk jsca
jscalds
lds mv
mvkr
kr tfk
tfk lk
lkxt
xt yk
ykar
ar,, as sp
spk`
k`jk

jkss mi
artfrmpmds irme tfk arka surrmuldjln tfk ealnrmvk jscalds emvkd mltm tfk jscald ald
rkpmpucatkd jt. ^jtfjl a ykar, tfk lueokr mi spk`jks mi artfrmpmds was acemst jdkltj`ac tm
wfat jt fad okkl okimrk sprayjln tfk pmjsml. Fmwkvkr, tfk s`jkltjsts smml djs`mvkrkd tfat
tfk jldjvjduac spk`jks wkrk lmt jdkltj`ac tm tfk mlks tfat fad okkl tfkrk okimrk. Pm, wfjck
tfk lueokr mi spk`jks was tfk saek, tfk djvkrsjty mi spk`jks was qujtk djiikrklt. Tfjs
study prmvks tfat actfmunf tfk spk`jks lueokr rkeajls `mlstalt, tfk typks mi spk`jks dm
lmt.
Tfk jscald ojmnkmnrapfy emdkc `al acsm appcy jl pca`ks tfat ark lmt tk`flj`accy
jscalds. Jl ia`t, tfk jscalds uskd jl tfjs rkskar`f wkrk eal-eadk, jsmcatkd arkas tfat fad
okkl `rkatkd tm ekkt al kvkr-jl`rkasjln dkeald imr cald ald laturac rksmur`ks. Tfksk
jscalds imre wfkl fueals `ckar mut vast aemults mi vknktatjml imr araock cald ald cjvjln
spa`k. Tfkjr a`tjmls `ut mii seacc arkas mi cald ald imrkst irme carnkr `meeuljtjks, su`f
as wfkl cmnnkrs skparatk a seacc par`kc mi imrkst arka irme tfk carnkr imrkst. Fkl`k, tfksk
jsmcatkd pm`hkts ok`mek "jscalds," mr arkas skparatkd irme tfkjr carnkr `meeuljtjks.
Oy rkdu`jln arkas mi cald jltm jscalds, fueals favk a sjnljij`alt jepa`t ml wjcdcjik.
Tfk jscald ojmnkmnrapfy emdkc statks tfat tfk carnkr tfk jscald, tfk fjnfkr tfk ratk mi
kxtjl`tjml. ▢ A) Tfjs js duk jl part tm a carnkr lueokr mi spk`jks `mejln tm tfk jscald tm
`mcmljzk jt. As lkw spk`jks jeejnratk, tfkrk oknjls a `mepktjtjml imr rksmur`ks ml tfk
jscald.
jsca
ld. ▢ O) Pjl`k tfkrk js a ijxkd aemult mi rksmur`
rksmur`ks
ks ml aly njvkl jscald, smek spk`jks
wjcc lmt survjvk jl tfk strunnck. ▢ @) Ml a seacc
seacckr
kr jscald, tfk ratk mi kxtjl
kxtjl`tjml
`tjml wmuc
wmucd

d ok
cmwkr, ald sm wmucd tfk `mrrkspmldjln jeejnratjml mi lkw spk`jks. ▢ D) Tfk emrk
jsmcatkd tfksk seacc jscalds ark, tfk ikwkr spk`jks tfky ark aock tm

sustajl. @krtajl spk`jks

mi ojrds ald aljea
aljeacs
cs eay mlcy ok imuld ml tfksk jscalds.
jscalds. Ji tfky cmsk tfk `mepktjtjml
`mepktjtjml imr
Rank 12 mi ??

rksm
rksmur`
ur`ks
ks,,

wjcc
cc ok nm
nmlk
lk im
imrkv
rkvkr
kr.. Im
Imrr kx
kxae

aepc
pck,
k, tfk
tfk Omnm
Omnmrr Omta
Omtalj
lj`a
`acc Na
Nardk
rdkl
l jl
tfky wj

Jldmlksja was `rkatkd ijity ykars anm, ckavjln al jsmcatkd wmmdcald arka wfkrk cusf imrkst
fad ml`k okkl. Twklty mi tfk sjxty-twm mrjnjlac spk`jks mi kxmtj` ojrds favk djsappkarkd
`mepcktkcy, ald imur spk`jks ark skvkrkcy kldalnkrkd.
Tfk emdkc s`jkltjsts dkvkcmpkd fas prmvjdkd oklkij`jac jlimreatjml rknardjln tfk
`mlskrvatjml mi tfksk arkas tfat ark tfrkatklkd oy eal's lkkd imr rksmur`ks. ^fjck tfk
dkeald imr cald ald laturac rksmur`ks wjcc `mltjluk, ealy ikkc tfat wjtf pcalljln ald a
`ml`krtkd kiimrt, cjik jl tfksk prk`jmus jscald k`msystkes `al ok prkskrvkd tm smek dknrkk.
Mlkk sm
Ml
smcu
cutj
tjml
ml su
sunn
nnks
ksts
ts tf

tfat
at a la
latu
tura
racc `m
`mrr
rrjd
jdmr
mr ok su
sust
staj
ajlk
lkd
d oktw
oktwkk
kkl
l tfk
tfk jsmc
jsmcat
atkd
kd
`meeuljtjks. Imr kxaepck, s`jkltjsts jl tfk Lktfkrcalds ark cmmhjln at tfk pmssjojcjty mi
ckav
ckavjl
jln
n patf
patfss mi trkks
rkks al
ald
d sf

sfru
ruos
os ok
oktw
twkk
kkl
l tf
tfks
kskk js
jsca
cald
lds.
s. Tf
Tfky
ky ikkc
ikkc jt wj
wjcc
cc ajd
ajd jl
eajltajljln tfk djvkrsjty mi spk`jks tfkrk. Tfk jscald ojmnkmnrapfy emdkc fas jlspjrkd
ojmcmnjsts tm oknjl rkskar`fjln `mlskrvatjml ektfmds. Pu`f ektfmds jl`cudk tfk
kstaocjsfeklt mi laturk rkskrvks ald prmnraes tm fkcp pcal tfk usk mi cald jl a way tfat
wmucd prmtk`t tfk laturac faojtat as eu`f as pmssjock.
Jt js a farsf rkacjty tfat eu`f mi tfk cjik ml tfksk jscalds `allmt ok sustajlkd. Pmek
spk`jks wjcc jlkvjtaocy ok`mek kxtjl`t. Tfk jscald ojmnkmnrapfy emdkc ijrst startkd as a
way tm kxpcajl cjik jl tfk `meeuljtjks mi tfksk jsmcatkd k`msystkes, out fas dkvkcmpkd
jltm a `atacyst tfat fas sparhkd fkavjkr `mlskrvatjml kiimrts ml okfaci mi tfksk kldalnkrkd
faojtats. Tfk emdkc fas skrvkd as a tmmc tfat fas mpklkd tfk kyks mi ealy wfm fmpk tm
`mlskrvk as eu`f trmpj`ac imrkst cjik as pmssjock.
1. Tfk wmrd icujd jl tfk passank js `cmskst jl ekaljln tm ]]]]]]].

A. ulprkdj`taock

O. ulstaock

@. `falnjln

D. nra`kiuc

?. ^fy dmks tfk autfmr djs`uss tfk ealnrmvk trkk jscalds jl Icmrjda=
A. Tm dkemlstratk tfk kqujcjorjue fypmtfksjs
O. Tm `mltrast eal-eadk ald laturac jscalds
@. Tm kxpcajl tfk mrjnjl mi tfk jscald ojmnkmnrapfy emdkc
D. Tm `mlijre tfk rkskar`f rknardjln jeejnratjml

0. A``mrdjln tm paranrapf 4, wfy js tfk kxtjl`tjml ratk fjnfkr ml carnkr jscalds=
Rank 11 mi ??

A. Carnkr jscalds fmusk a carnkr lueokr mi prkdatmrs.
O. Tfk ratk mi jeejnratjml js fjnfkr ml carnkr jscalds.
@. Lkwkr spk`jks tahk mvkr acc tfk rksmur`ks.
D. Tfky fmusk a lueokr mi mcdkr spk`jks.
4. ^fj`f mi tfk imccmwjln js LMT truk aomut tfk rkpmpucatjml mi jscalds=
A Laturk tklds tm hkkp tfk jscalds jl kqujcjorjue.
O. Jeejnratjml oacal`ks spk`jks kxtjl`tjml.
@. Tfk lueokr mi spk`jks usuaccy rkeajls `mlstalt.
D. Tfk djvkrsjty mi tfk spk`jks stays tfk saek.
;. Tfk wmrd sustajl jl paranrapf 4 js `cmskst jl ekaljln tm ]]]]]]].

A. `uctjvatk

O. kl`multkr

@. ikkd

D. suppmrt

9. Tfk wmrd tfky jl paranrapf 4 rkikrs tm ]]]]]]].
A. spk`jks

O. rksmur`ks

@. ojrds

D. jscald pca`ks

>. ^fj`f mi tfk imccmwjln `al ok jlikrrkd irme paranrapf 4=
A. Eal's dkstru`tjml mi laturk eust `mek tm a fact tm prkskrvk jscald cjik.
O. Kldalnkrkd spk`jks wjcc ok savkd wfkl fueals stmp `rkatjln jsmcatkd jscalds.
@. Ppk`jks wjcc eajltajl kqujcjorjue ji tfksk jscalds ark ckit ultmu`fkd.
D. Emst jscald kxtjl`tjmls ark `auskd oy fueal's lkkd imr rksmur`ks.
6. Tfk wmrd `atacyst jl tfk passank js `cmskst jl ekaljln tm ]]]]]]].
A. ekals

O. prm`kss

@. awarklkss

D. cknjscatjml

:. Cmmh at tfk imur squarks X▢U tfat jldj`atk wfkrk tfk imccmwjln skltkl`k `mucd ok addkd
tm tfk passank.
Fmwkvkr, wfjck ealy mi tfk jscald's mcdkr jlfaojtalts eay cmsk mut tm lkwkr spk`jks,
tfk lueokr mi spk`jks ml tfk jscald wjcc stay tfk saek.

^fkrk wmucd tfk skltkl`k okst ijt=

12.

A. Ijrst squark

O. Pk`mld squark

@. Tfjrd squark

D. Imurtf squark

Acc mi tfk imc
imccmw
cmwjln
jln ark `mrrk
`mrrk`t
`t aomut tfk jsca
jscald
ld ojmnk
ojmnkmnr
mnrapf
apfy
y emdkc

emdkc KV@K
KV@KRT
RT
Rank 1? mi ??

]]]]]]]
A. Tfk emdkc prmvjdkd ksskltjac jlimreatjml rknardjln `mlskrvatjml.
O. Tfk kqujcjorjue fypmtfksjs was prmvkd truk ml al jscald mi artfrmpmds.
@. P`jkltjsts djs`mvkrkd ways tm `mltrmc tfk lueokr mi spk`jks ok`mejln kxtjl`t.
D. Tfk rkskar`f eajlcy studjkd jscalds `rkatkd oy eal's lkkd imr rksmur`ks.
Zmur alswkrs7

1.

?.

0.

4.

;.

9.

>.

6.

:.

12.

Rart 47 _kad tfk tkxt ald dm tfk tashs tfat imccmw. (12 pts)
Tfk _kadjln passank fas skvkl paranrapfs, A-I. @fmmsk tfk `mrrk`t fkadjlns imr
paranrapfs A-I irme tfk cjst mi fkadjlns okcmw. ^rjtk tfk `mrrk`t lueokrs, j-vjjj,
lkxt tm qukstjmls 1-9 jl tfk `mrrkspmldjln lueokrkd omxks.
Cjst mi fkadjlns7

j
jj

Tfk
Tfk adva
advalt
ltan
anks
ks mi miik
miikrj
rjln
ln a varj
varjkt
ktyy mi prmd
prmdu`
u`ts
ts
Jl
Jl`r

`rka
kasj
sjln
ln pr
prmi
mijt
jtss oy
oy wmr
wmrhj
hjln
ln wjtf
wjtf mt
mtfk
fkrr jld
jldus
ustr
trjk
jkss

jjj

_kn
knaj
ajlj
ljln
ln `ust
`ustme
mekr
kr trus
trust

t

jv

Turljl
Turljlnn prmtk
prmtk`tj
`tjml
ml imr
imr tfk `ustme
`ustmekr
kr jltm
jltm prmijt
prmijt im
imrr tfk
tfk `mepa
`mepaly
ly

v

Jljtjac nmmd jltkltjmls tfat eay kvkltuaccy cmsk ymu `ustmekrs

vj

Jl
Jldu
dust
stry
ry tf

tfat
at pr
prmi
mijt
jtss irm
irme
e a ca
ca`h
`h mi `m
`mee
eejt
jtek
eklt
lt

vjj Tfk eajl
eajl rkas
rkasml
ml `mepa
`mepaljk
ljkss `fmmsk
`fmmsk tm
tm jnlmr
jnlmrkk a `mrk
`mrk ousjlk
ousjlkss
ss okcjki
okcjki
vjjjj Rrmijt
vjj

Rrmijtjln
jln irme
irme `ust
`ustmek
mekrs'
rs' wjsf
wjsf tm
tm savk
savk emlky
emlky

1. Raranrapf
Raranrapf A7 ]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]
]]
?. Raranrapf
Raranrapf O7 ]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]
]]
0. Raranrapf
Raranrapf @7 ]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]
]]
4. Raranrapf
Raranrapf D7 ]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]
]]
;. Raranrapf
Raranrapf K7 ]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]

]]
9. Raranrapf
Raranrapf I7 ]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]
]]

@MERALJKP ALD TFK @[PTMEK_P ^FM FATK TFKE
Rank 10 mi ??

Ealy `mepaljks kl`murank `ustmekrs tm eahk oad pur`fasks

A. Mlk mi tfk emst jlicukltjac prmpmsjtjmls jl earhktjln js tfat `ustmekr satjsia`tjml
ekals cmyacty ald cmyacty ekals prmijts. ^fy, tfkl, dm sm ealy `mepaljks jliurjatk tfkjr
`ustmekrs wjtf `mltra`ts, ikks ald ijlk prjlt, pklacjsjln tfke imr tfkjr ousjlkss= Ok`ausk,
ulimrtulatkcy, `mepaljks favk imuld tfat `mliuskd ald jcc-jlimrekd `ustmekrs, wfm mitkl
kld up eahjln pmmr pur`fasjln dk`jsjmls, `al ok fjnfcy prmijtaock jldkkd.

O. Pmek `mepaljks `mls`jmuscy ald `ylj`accy kxpcmjt tfkjr `ustmekrs' `mliusjml jl tfjs
way. Fmwkvkr, jl mur `mlvkrsatjmls wjtf dmzkls mi kxk`utjvks jl varjmus jldustrjks wk
imuld tfat ealy ijres favk ulwjttjlncy iacckl jltm tfjs trap. Tfjlh mi tfk `kcc mr emojck
pfmlk skrvj`k, ald oalhjln ald `rkdjt `ard jldustrjks, ka`f mi wfj`f lmw prmijts irme
`ustmekrs wfm iajc tm uldkrstald mr imccmw tfk rucks aomut ejlutk usk, ejljeue oacal`ks,
mvkrdraits, `rkdjt cjejts, mr payeklt dkadcjlks. Emst mi tfk `mepaljks jl tfksk jldustrjks
startkd mut wjtf prmdu`t ald prj`jln stratknjks dksjnlkd tm prmvjdk vacuk tm a varjkty mi
`ustmekr skneklts, ka`f wjtf jts mwl lkkds ald prj`k sklsjtjvjtjks. Zkt tmday, ealy
`mepaljks jl tfksk jldustrjks ijld tfat tfkjr tralsparklt, `ustmekr `kltrkd stratknjks imr
dkcjvkrjln vacuk favk kvmcvkd jltm `mliusjln `mepaly-`kltrkd stratknjks imr kxtra`tjln jt.

Actfmunf tfjs apprma`f eay wmrh imr a wfjck (ealy lmtaock pra`tjtjmlkrs ark fjnfcy
prmijtaock), ousjlkssks tfat prky ml `ustmekrs ark acways vuclkraock tm pmssjock fmstjcjty.
At aly tjek, `ustmekrs eay rktacjatk wjtf alnkr, cawsujts ald dkik`tjml.

@. @mepaljks `al prmijt irme `ustmekrs' `mliusjml, jnlmral`k ald pmmr dk`jsjml eahjln
usjln skvkrac ekals. Tfk ijrst stkes irme a cknjtjeatk attkept tm `rkatk vacuk oy njvjln
`ustmekrs a ormad skt mi mptjmls. A `mepaly `rkatks a djvkrsk prmdu`t ald prj`jln
pmrtimcjm tm ekkt tfk prj`k ralnk ald lkkds mi djiikrklt `ustmekr skneklts. Acc kcsk okjln
kquac, a fmtkc tfat fas tfrkk typks mi rmme at tfrkk djiikrklt prj`ks `al skrvk a wjdkr
`ustmekr oask tfal a fmtkc wjtf gust mlk typk mi rmme at mlk prj`k. Fmwkvkr, `ustmekrs
oklkijt irme su`f djvkrsjty mlcy wfkl tfky ark nujdkd tmwards tfk mptjml tfat okst sujts
tfkjr lkkds. A `mepaly js ckss cjhkcy tm fkcp `ustmekrs eahk nmmd `fmj`ks ji jt hlmws tfat
jt `al nklkratk emrk prmijts wfkl tfky eahk pmmr mlks. Mi `mursk
`mursk,, mlcy tfk emst ianralt
`mepaljks wmucd kxpcj`jtcy pkrsuadk `ustmekrs jltm eahjln oad `fmj`ks. Zkt tfkrk ark
suotck
suo
tck ways jl wfj
wfj`f
`f kvk
kvkl
l nkl
nklkra
kraccy
ccy wkc
wkcc-j
c-jltk
ltkltj
ltjmlk
mlkd

d ijres
ijres usk a `mepck
`mepckx
x ral
ralnk
nk mi
Rank 14 mi ??

`fmj`ks tm kl`murank pmmr dk`jsjmls. A wjdk ralnk mi miikrs `al `mliusk `ustmekrs wjtf a
ca`h mi tralsp
tralsparkl`y
arkl`y (fmtkcs, imr kxaepc
kxaepck,
k, mitkl dml't rkvkac jlimreat
jlimreatjml
jml aomut djs`m
djs`mults
ults
ald, acmln wjtf `ar fjrk `mepaljks, iajc tm jlimre `ustmekrs aomut pmssjock upnradks)8
tf
tfky
ky `a
`al
l ea
eahk
hk jt fa
fardk

rdkrr im
imrr `u
`ust
stme
mekrs
krs tm dj
djst
stjl
jlnu
nujs
jsf
f oktwk
oktwkkl
kl pr
prmd
mdu`
u`ts
ts,, kv
kvkl
kl wf
wfkl
kl
`mepcktk jlimreatjml js avajcaock (as js mitkl tfk `ask wjtf oalhjln skrvj`ks)8 ald tfky
`al mitkl tahk advaltank mi `mlsuekrs' djiij`ucty jl prkdj`tjln tfkjr lkkds (imr jlstal`k,
fmw ealy `kcc pfmlk ejlutks tfky'cc usk ka`f emltf).

D. @mepaljks `al acsm prmijt irme `ustmekrs' oad dk`jsjmls oy mvkr-rkcyjln ml pklactjks
ald ikks. Pu`f `farnks eay favk okkl `ml`kjvkd as a way tm dktkr uldksjraock `ustmekr
okfavjmr ald miiskt tfk `msts tfat ousjlkssks jl`ur as a rksuct mi tfat okfavjmur. Rklactjks
im

imrr prm
prmoc
ocke
kess su`f
su`f as om
omul
ul`j
`jln
ln a `f
`fkq
kquk
uk,, im
imrr kx
kxae
aepc
pck,
k, wk
wkrk
rk mrjnj
mrjnjla
lacc
ccy
y dk
dksj
sjnl
nlkd
kd tm
djs`murank oalhjln `ustmekrs irme spkldjln emrk emlky tfal tfky fad ald tm rk`mup
adejljstratjvk `msts. Tfk pra`tj`k was tfus iajr tm `ustmekr ald `mepaly acjhk. Out ealy
ijres favk djs`mvkrkd gust fmw prmijtaock pklactjks `al ok8 as a rksuct, tfky favk al

jl`kltjvk tm kl`murank tfkjr `ustmekrs tm jl`ur tfke - mr at ckast lmt tm djs`murank tfke
irme dmjln sm. Ealy `rkdjt `ard jssukrs, imr kxaepck, `fmmsk lmt tm dkly a tralsa`tjml tfat
wmucd put tfk `ardfmcdkr mvkr fjs mr fkr `rkdjt cjejt8 jt's emrk prmijtaock tm ckt tfk
`ustmekr mvkrspkld ald tfkl jepmsk pklactjks.

K. Tfksk stratknjks ark `meeml a`rmss jldustrjks irme fmtkcs tm vjdkm stmrks ald `ar
rkltacs. Fkactf `cuo `mepaljks acsm favk a cmln fjstmry mi curjln `ustmekrs wjtf attra`tjvk
sfmrt-tkre miikrs, assauctjln tfke wjtf annrkssjvk sacks pjt`fks, ald tfkl ojldjln tfke
wjtf cmln-tkre `mltra`ts. Tfat's ok`ausk smek mi tfkjr emst prmijtaock `ustmekrs favk
okkl tfmsk wfm wkrk kltj`kd tm sjnl up imr a cmln-tkre ekeokrsfjp out tfkl rarkcy vjsjtkd
tf
tfkk `c
`cuo
uo.. Jldk
Jldkkd
kd,, ea
ealy
ly `m
`mep
epal
aljk
jks,
s, hl
hlmw
mwjl
jln
n tfk
tfk typj
typj`a
`acc fkac

fkactf
tf `cuo
`cuo `ust
`ustme
mekr
kr wj
wjcc
cc
uldkrusk tfk ia`jcjty, jltkltjmlaccy skcc ealy emrk ekeokrsfjps tfal tfky favk icmmr
spa`k tm a``meemdatk.

I. Pmek `mepaljks ark `faccklnjln tfk jldustry's oad okfavjmur. Jl ia`t, mlk `mepaly,
Cjik Tjek Ijtlkss, fas ok`mek mlk mi tfk carnkst ijtlkss `fajls jl tfk [P oy ks`fkwjln
`mltra`ts actmnktfkr. Ekeokrsfjp `al ok `al`kcckd at aly tjek wjtf lm pklacty. Mtfkr
seacckr `mepaljks ark kxpkrjekltjln wjtf ckss altanmljstj` ways tm rktajl `ustmekrs, su`f
Rank 1; mi ??

as rkward pmjlts imr `ustmekrs wfm wmrh mut rknucarcy. As Orad Imnkc, `fjki earhktjln
miij`kr at ?4 Fmur Ijtlkss, kxpcajls, '^k ckarlkd tfat oy njvjln `ustmekrs jl`kltjvks tm
vjsjt tfk `cuo emrk irkqukltcy, tfky ok`mek emrk cmyac ald uctjeatkcy rkeajl wjtf us
cmlnkr.'
@mep
@m
epck
cktk
tk tf
tfkk sklt

skltkl
kl`k
`kss okcm
okcmw
w wj
wjtf
tf LM EM
EM_K
_K TF
TFAL
AL TF
TF_K
_KK
K ^M
^M_D
_DP
P irm
irme
e tfk
tfk
passank.

>. Omtf fmtkcs ald `ar fjrk `mepaljks eay `fmmsk lmt tm tkcc tfkjr `ustmekrs aomut
]]]]]]]]]].
6. @r
@rkd
kdjt
jt `a
`ard
rd `m

`mep
epal
aljk
jkss wm
wmuc
ucd
d fk
fkcp
cp `u
`ust
stme
mekr
krss av
avmj
mjd
d pk
pkla
lact
ctjk
jkss oy dk`j
dk`jdj
djln
ln tm
]]]]]]]]]]].
:. Fkactf `cuos usk tkeptjln ]]]]]]]]]]] tm pkrsuadk lkw `ustmekrs tm gmjl.
12. ]]]]]]]]]]] js tfk laek mi a `mepaly tfat fas dk`jdkd lmt tm eahk tfkjr `ustmekrs
sjnl al anrkkeklt.
Zmur alswkrs7

1.

9.

?.
>.

0.
6.

4.
:.

;.
12.

Rart ;7 _kad tfk tkxt, jdkltjiy wfj`f sk`tjml A‐D ka`f mi tfk imccmwjln js ekltjmlkd.
^rjtk MLK ckttkr A‐D jl tfk `mrrkspmldjln lueokrkd spa`k prmvjdkd. Ka`f ckttkr
eay ok uskd emrk tfal ml`k. (1; pts)
CM@HKD JL TJEK
^fat ark tfk jssuks surrmuldjln tfk prkskrvatjml mi nmmd ar`fjtk`turk=
A. Kekrnjln irme tfk Cjl`mcl tullkc jltm ejdtmwl Ealfattal jl Lkw Zmrh, a ykccmw `ao

irme GIH Ajrpmrt tahks ymu past al ar`fjtk`turac eastkrpjk`k, Lueokr ;12 Ijitf Avkluk
was mrjnjlaccy tfk Ealuia`turkrs Falmvkr Trust Oalh ald was dksjnlkd jl 1:;4 as a lkw
hjld mi oalhjln fmusk, smektfjln mtfkr tfal a tfj`h-wacckd imrtrkss. Jt was a ncass tkepck
mi ijlal`k, jlvjtjln passkrs-oy tm stkp tfrmunf jts `mmc tralsparkl`y ald ok `mlvkrtkd tm jts
nckaejln vjsjml mi tfk iuturk. Ejd-twkltjktf-`kltury oalhs wkrk usuaccy euldalk out at
;12 Ijitf Avkluk, tfk vauct was djspcaykd okfjld tfk ncazkd ia`adk ald tfk ks`acatmrs
ok`aek `kltrac tm tfk `mepmsjtjml, iaccjln ald rjsjln djanmlaccy a`rmss tfk nrjddkd cjlks
Rank 19 mi ??

cjhk al updatkd naek mi slahks ald caddkrs. Tfk uppkr icmmr ikaturkd a njcdkd s`rkkl oy
tfk artjst Farry Okrtmja.

O. Out tfjlns ark `falnjln at ;12 Ijitf Avkluk. As a vkry `arkiuccy-dksjnlkd ald eu`fade
ad
ejrkd
jrkd ou
oujjcdj
cdjln
ln,, jt lm
lmw
w ij
ijld
ldss jtskc
tskcii at tfk irm
rmlt
ltjjkr ok
oktw
twkk
kkl
l dk
dkvk
vkccmp
mpkr
krss ald
ald
prkskrvatjmljsts ald jt's turljln jltm qujtk a ijnft. Imr ji tfkrk's mlk tfjln jl ar`fjtk`turk

tfat `ausks irj`tjml, jt's tfat mur lkkds `falnk, ald sm oujcdjlns eust kvmcvk ald adapt jl
mrdkr tm stay uskiuc. ^jtfjl rkasml, Ymrladm _kacty Trust, tfk sjtk's mwlkrs ald mlk mi
Lkw Zmrh's carnkst dkvkcmpkrs, fas eadk tfk lmt ulrkasmlaock assueptjml tfat tfjs
`meekr`jac oujcdjln ml tfk wmrcd's prjeary sfmppjln strkkt sfmucd ok adaptkd tm sujt jts
lkw tklalt, a rktajckr mi cueokrga`h-styck sfjrts. Imr tfjs purpmsk, tfk njcdkd s`rkkl fas
okkl djsealtckd, tfk kltral`k js tm ok emvkd, tfk ks`acatmr rkvkrskd ald tfk vauct emvkd.
Ml tfk oasjs tfat tfk ia`adks rkeajl jlta`t, tfk Caldearhs Rrkskrvatjml @meejssjml
apprmvkd tfksk `falnks jl Aprjc. Out jl Gucy, a gudnk factkd wmrh aitkr a cknac `faccklnk
oy tfk @jtjzkls' Kekrnkl`y @meejttkk tm Rr
Rrkskrvk
kskrvk Rrkskrvatjml, wfj`f arnuks tfat, njvkl
tfk tralsparkl`y mi tfk ia`adk, Caldearh status eust kxtkld tm tfmsk jltkrjmr ikaturks tfat
`mltrjoutk tm tfk strkkts`apk. Tmm catk. Jt js lmw nuttkd, tfk jltkrjmr ikaturks ormhkl irme
tfkjr pmsjtjmls mi emrk tfal faci a `kltury.

@. Ar`fjtk`ts ark mitkl iktkd imr dksjnljln oujcdjlns wfmsk imre imccmws iul`tjml. Ald
tfat's rkasmlaock - jltkccjnklt dksjnl orjlns jltkcck`tuac ald pfysj`ac okauty tm tfk wmrcd.
Out ar`fjtk`ts ark lm okttkr at prkdj`tjln tfk iuturk tfal tfk rkst mi us. Fkl`k, tfk icjp sjdk
tm ar`fjtk`turac eastkrpjk`ks7 tfk `cmskr a oujcdjln's imre imccmws jts iul`tjml, tfk ojnnkr
tfk upfkavac wfkl tfk mrjnjlac purpmsk lm cmlnkr lkkds tm ok skrvkd. Rrkskrvatjml nrmups
ar
arkk aw
awark
ark tfat
tfat `m
`mls
lskr
krva
vatj
tjml

ml js al kx
kxpk
pkls
lsjv
jvkk ou
ousj
sjlk
lkss
ss.. Arnu
Arnuek
eklt
ltss tm pr
prks
kskrv
krvkk im
imr
r
prkskrvatjml's sahk ark wkahklkd wfkl cmals ark jl sfmrt suppcy ald tfk k`mlmej`
oumyal`y tfat ejnft miikr a cmln-tkre ousjlkss `ask imr
i mr tfk sklsjtjvk `meekr`jac usank mi
mcd oujcdjlns starts tm sjlh. Tfk strmlnkr arnueklt js tm updatk fjstmrj` pca`ks sm tfky `al
iuld tfkeskcvks. Jl aly rkpurpmsjln mi a fjstmrj` oujcdjln, smektfjln fas tm njvk. Ald jt
usuaccy njvks jl tfk djrk`tjml mi aparteklts, sfmps, rkstauralts mr art nacckrjks. Jt's a ncmoac
pj`turk.

Rank 1> mi ??

D. Tfk emst kx`jtjln lkw pca`k jl Lkw Zmrh js tfk Fjnf Cjlk, oujct as al kckvatkd
rajcway tfrmunf tfk Ekatpa`hjln Djstrj`t ald uluskd sjl`k tfk 1:62s. Jt was s`fkduckd tm
ok tmrl dmwl, out cm`ac rksjdklts startkd a nrass-rmmts emvkeklt jl 1::
1:::.
:. Tfrkk ykars ml,
tfky najlkd tfk autfmrjtjks' suppmrt imr a radj`ac rkdkvkcmpeklt as a `jty nardkl, a strjln mi
jeprmo
jep
rmoaoc
aockk nrk
nrkklk
klkry
ry tfr
tfrkad
kadjln
jln tf
tfrmun
rmunf
f al mvk
mvkrcm
rcmmhk
mhkd
d qua
quartk
rtkrr tfat
tfat fas sjl
sjl`k
`k sprk
sprkad
ad

k`mlmej` ikrtjcjskr jl jts wahk wjtf fmtkcs, omutjquks ald oars aomuldjln. Oa`h jl Ijitf
Avkluk,
Avklu
k, tfkrk's eu`f fald-w
fald-wrjlnjl
rjlnjln
n mvkr tfk strjppkd emdkrl j`ml. Js jt tmm catk tm fmpk
tfk pkrik`t tklalt
tklalt wjcc turl up ald walt tm strjhk a dkac= Ji jt's lmt tm `falnk iurtfkr, wfm
wjcc put jt oa`h tmnktfkr, tahk `ark mi jt ald rul jt as ... wfat - al j`ml=

Jl wfj`f sk`tjml dmks tfk wrjtkr ekltjml

Zmur alswkrs7

tfk jdka tfat a prkskrvatjml prmgk`t `al rknklkratk tfk surrmuldjln arka=
wfy a partj`ucar stru`turk stmmd mut aemlnst jts `mltkepmrarjks=
tfk jlks`apaock lkkd tm eahk `meprmejsks wfkl stru`turks ijld a lkw usk=
a su``kssiuc attkept tm fact tfk tmtac dkstru`tjml mi al mosmcktk stru`turk=
a paradmx rknardjln tfk wmrh mi fjnfcy rklmwlkd ar`fjtk`ts=
al apprma`f tm savjln tfk ar`fjtk`turac fkrjtank tfat `allmt acways ok ijlal`kd=
fmw al ar`fjtk`t eadk a ikaturk mi smektfjln wfj`f js usuaccy mos`urkd=
a djsanrkkeklt aomut fmw a prjl`jpck sfmucd ok appcjkd jl pra`tj`k=
a stru`turk tfat keomdjkd tfk mptjejse mi jts tjek=
a ikkcjln tfat actkratjmls tm a stru`turk wkrk gustjijaock=

1.
?.
0.
4.

;.
9.
>.
6.
:.
12.

D. ^_JTJLN (92 pts)
Rart 17 Pueeary (1; pts)
_kad tfk imccmwjln kxtra`t ald usk ymur mwl wmrds tm sueearjzk jt. Zmur sueeary
sfmucd ok aomut 142 wmrds cmln.
Tm dktk`tjvks, tfk alswkrs cjk at tfk kld mi mur ijlnkrs. Ijlnkrprjltjln miikrs al a``uratk
ald jliaccjock ekals mi pkrsmlac jdkltjij`atjml. Tfk aojcjty tm jdkltjiy a pkrsml irme a
ekrk ijlnkrprjlt js a pmwkriuc tmmc jl tfk ijnft anajlst `rjek. Jt js tfk emst `meemlcy
uskd imrklsj` kvjdkl`k, mitkl mutpkrimrejln mtfkr ektfmds mi jdkltjij`atjml. Tfksk days,
mcdkr ektfmds mi jlh ijlnkrprjltjln, wfj`f `mucd tahk wkkhs, favk njvkl way tm lkwkr,
iastkr tk`fljquks cjhk ijlnkrprjlt caskr s`alljln, out tfk prjl`jpcks stay tfk saek. Lm
eattkr
eatt
kr wfj`f way ymu `mcck
`mcck`t
`t ijlnkrprjlt kvjdkl
kvjdkl`k,
`k, kvkry sjlnc
sjlnckk pkrsml‚s prjlt js uljquk.
uljquk.
Pm, wfat eahks mur ijlnkrprjlts djiikrklt irme mur lkjnfomur‚s=
Rank 16 mi ??

A nmmd pca`k tm start js tm uldkrstald wfat ijlnkrprjlts ark ald fmw tfky ark `rkatkd. A
ijlnkrprjlt js tfk arralnkeklt mi shjl rjdnks ald iurrmws ml tfk tjps mi tfk ijlnkrs. Tfjs
rj
rjdn
dnkd
kd sh
shjl
jl dk
dkvk
vkcm
cmps
ps iu
iucc
ccy
y du
durj
rjln
ln im
imkt
ktac
ac dk
dkvk
vkcm
cmpe
pekl
klt,
t, as tfk
tfk sh

shjl
jl `k
`kcc
ccss nrm
nrmw
w jl tfk
tfk
emtfkr‚s
emtfk
r‚s wmeo. Tfksk rjdnks ark arralnkd jltm pattk
pattkrls
rls ald rkeajl
rkeajl tfk saek tfrmu
tfrmunfmut
nfmut
tfk `mursk mi a pkrsm
pkrsml‚s
l‚s cjik
cjik.. Mtfkr vjsjoc
vjsjockk fueal `fara`tk
`fara`tkrjstj
rjstj`s,
`s, cjhk wkjnft
wkjnft ald fkjnft,
fkjnft,
`falnk mvkr tjek wfkrkas ijlnkrprjlts dm lmt. Tfk rkasml wfy kvkry ijlnkrprjlt js uljquk
js tfat wfkl a oaoy‚s nklks `meojlk wjtf klvjrmlekltac jlicukl`ks, su`f as tkepkraturk,
jt aiik`ts tfk way tfk rjdnks ml tfk shjl nrmw. Jt eahks tfk rjdnks dkvkcmp at djiikrklt
ratks, ou`hcjln ald okldjln jltm pattkrls. As a rksuct, lm twm pkmpck kld up favjln tfk
saek ijlnkrprjlts. Kvkl jdkltj`ac twjls pmsskss djssjejcar ijlnkrprjlts.

Jt js lmt kasy tm eap tfk gmurlky mi fmw tfk uljquk quacjty mi tfk ijlnkrprjlt `aek tm ok
djs`mvkrkd. Tfk emeklt jl fjstmry jt fappklkd js lmt kltjrkcy dkar. Fmwkvkr, tfk usk mi
ijlnkrprjltjln `al ok tra`kd oa`h tm smek al`jklt `jvjcjsatjmls, su`f as Oaoycml ald
@fjla, wfkrk tfueoprjlts wkrk prksskd mltm `cay taockts tm `mlijre ousjlkss tralsa`tjmls.
^fktfkr pkmpck at tfjs tjek a`tuaccy rkacjskd tfk iucc kxtklt mi fmw ijlnkrprjlts wkrk
jepmrtalt imr jdkltjij`atjml purpmsks js almtfkr eattkr actmnktfkr. Mlk `allmt ok surk ji
tfk a`t was skkl as a ekals tm `mlijre jdkltjty mr a syeomcj` nksturk tm ojld a `mltra`t,
wfkrk njvjln ymur ijlnkrprjlt was cjhk njvjln ymur wmrd.
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Rank 1: mi ??

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Rart 07 Kssay wrjtjln (02 pts)
^rjtk al kssay mi aomut 022- 0;2 wmrds tm alswkr tfk imccmwjln qukstjml. (?2 pmjlts)
Jl wfat ways `al lkw tk`flmcmny fkcp
fkcp eajltajl mur tradjtjmls=

[sk rkasmls ald kxaepcks tm suppmrt ymur mpjljml.
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Rank ?1 mi ??

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