Cach khac noi ve tuong lai

1. Be + to V
- Be + to V là cấu trúc được sử dụng phổ biến trong các bản tin để nói về các sự
kiện sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai gần
Police officers are to visit every home in the area.
The main Rome-to-Naples railway line is to be reopened today.
- Be to + cũng được sử dụng để nói về các kế hoạch, hướng dẫn chính thức hoặc
đưa ra mênh lệnh, yêu cầu.
You are not to leave the school without my permission.
The European Parliament is to introduce a new law on safety at work.
Children are not to be left unsupervised in the museum, (passive form)
Chú ý:
- Thể bị động được sử dụng để đưa ra các mệnh lệnh, hướng dẫn một cách khách
quan hơn
- chúng ta chỉ dùng be to + infinitive để nói về các sự kiện được kiểm soát bởi con
người
In the next few years, thousands of speed cameras are to appear on major roads.
Scientists say they can't predict when or where the disease will appear again.
- Tuy nhiên, khi to + infinitive được dùng để nói về thì tương lai nhìn từ quá khứ,
chúng ta hay thường dùng nó để miêu tả cái ảnh hưởng tới một ai đó, dù nó có ảnh
hưởng tới sự kiện hay không
Matthew Flinders sailed past Tasmania in 1770, but it was to be a further 30 years
before he landed there.
- Chúng ta thường dùng nó trong mệnh đề if để nói về cái gì xảy ra đầu tiên, trước
những cái khác.
The human race is to survive, we must look at environmental problems now.
If Lopez is to win gold at the next Olympics, he needs to work on his fitness.
(effect, cause)
If Lopez wins gold at the next Olympics, he has said that he will retire from
athletics. (cause, effect)

2. be about to + V
Chúng ta dùng be about to + infinitive trong những câu diễn tả sự việc xảy ra ngay
tức thì
We're about to eat. Do you want to join us?
Look ! The race is about to start

3. be on the verge of ... / brink of ... / point of ... (+ -ing or noun)
- Dùng để nói về những việc sẽ xảy ra
People are on the verge of starvation as the drought continues.
Scientists are on the brink of making major advances in the fight against AIDS.
Exhausted, mentally and physically, she was on the point of collapse.
- Be on the brink of được dùng để chỉ cái quan trọng, thú vị hoặc rất tồi

4. be due to (+ infinitive), be sure / bound to (+ infinitive), be set to (+
infinitive)
- Cấu trúc này được sử dụng để nói về việc hy vọng một cái gì sẽ xảy ra vào một
thời gian đặc biệt
- be sure / bound to (+ infinitive) để nói điều gần như chắc chắc sẽ xảy ra
- be set to (+ infinitive) để nói cái đã sẵn sàng để xảy ra
The company's chief executive is due to retire next year, but following today's
announcement of further losses she is sure to be asked to leave sooner.
‘Will there be somewhere to get a coffee at the station?' ‘Oh, yes, there's bound to
be.’
Her new film is set to be a great success.
- Chú ý: chúng ta dùng due to + noun để đưa ra lý do cho một việc gì đó, khơng
phải nói về tương lai


Due to fog, all flights from the airport have been cancelled).

5. Một số động từ + to V để nói về ý định
aim*, agree, expect*, hope*, intend*, mean, plan*, promise, propose*, resolve,
undertake, want* (những từ đánh dấu * có thể dùng với hiện tại đơn và hiện tại tiếp
diễn)
We guarantee to refund your money if you are dissatisfied with the computer.
I aim to get to Bangkok by the end of June,
I'm aiming toget...;
I was aiming toget...

6. Với một số người, đặc biệt là trong lời nói và trong ngành báo chí, be
looking + to - infinitive có nghĩa là kế hoạch cho một q trình hành động nào
đó
We're looking to create 3,000 jobs in the city over the next year.

Luyện tập
Bài 1: Complete these news extracts using the verbs in brackets. Use be to +
infinitive if possible and will + infinitive if not. Use active or passive forms as
necessary.
1. Jon Stobbard has written his first new play for 15 years. Its first performance
________ (stage) at the New Victoria Theatre.
2. The new safety system______(stop) trains automatically if they pass a danger
signal.
3.Stafford Boys' School_____(merge) with the nearby Bicton Girls' School to form
a new co-educational establishment.
4. There are fears that sea levels
years.

______(rise) catastrophically in the next 50

5. The old design and technology programme ______ (replace) with a new
computer science course.
Now use the verbs in the box to do the same in 6 to 10.
become

create

increase

receive

retire

succeed

6. Managing Director Lars Lindberg, 59, ______ this summer a year early. He
______ by Christina Fontana, who joined the company last year.
7. As the temperatures fall with the onset of winter, the refugee crisis ______ more
severe.
8. Production line staff at the Heathcote garden furniture factory in Northam
______ a pay rise following a big new order from Italy.
9. Seventy new posts______at the factory following a major investment by the
parent company in the United States.
10. The recent rapid rise in house prices in the south-east ______ the demand for
higher salaries among lower-paid workers.

Bài 2: Underline the correct answers. In some cases both alternatives are
possible.
1. You need to work much harder if you have / are to have any chance of passing
the exam.

2. My sister is to start / is about to start a PhD in Physics.
3. Mrs Patel is likely to become the Foreign Minister if the party wins / is to win
power at the next election.
4. If you enjoy / are to enjoy romantic comedies, then this is a film you must see.
5 a: Can you type this letter for me?
b: Sorry, I'm just to go /’m just about to go home. It'll have to wait until
tomorrow.
6 If Beckman recovers / is to recover from a foot injury, it seems certain that he
will play in Saturday's match against Spain.


7 If the university keeps / is to keep its international reputation, it must first invest
in better facilities for students.
8 Jonas Fischer has denied that he is to resign / is about to resign as marketing
manager.
9 It started snowing an hour ago, and from the look of those clouds things are to
get / are about to get a lot worse.
10 If the railway system is improved / is to be improved, the government should
invest substantial amounts of money now.

Bài tập 3: Expand the notes to complete the news extracts, using the phrases
in A.
verge-become

sure-face

sure - provide

bound – raise

verge-quit

due-undergo

brink-go

set-launch

set - make

due – return

point-sign

point -move

1/2. The decision of Cornico to relocate its international headquarters to
Switzerland is bound to raise questions about the government’s new profits tax. It
seems that other major financial firms are also on the point of moving their
headquarters out of London
3/4. NASA’s latest Mars probe is
_________ to Earth later today. A
spokesperson for NASA said that the probe would be bringing back rock samples
that are _____exciting new information about the planet.
5/6. The Countryside Conservation Society is ______ a new million-Euro scheme
for the protection of endangered plant species. It is estimated that over 200 species
are
______extinct in the country.
7/8. Sources at the United Nations have said that the governments of North and
South Alicia are______ an agreement to end their long-running border dispute.

However, any agreement is________ resistance from rebel forces in South Alicia,
who have said they will fight on.
9/10. Tennis star Sancho Gomez is _______a second operation on his injured
shoulder. He was_____tennis earlier this year after a first operation was
unsuccessful.


11/12. EU agriculture ministers are_______ an important announcement on
increasing support to farmers when they meet in Brussels on Monday. ‘Many
farmers are _______ out of business,’ said the Italian representative, ‘and the
matter must be decided very soon.’
Bài tập 4: Complete the sentences with the verb pairs from the box. Use either
the present simple or present continuous for the first verb. If both tenses are
possible, write them both.
aim - to study

expect - to finish

intend - to move

propose-to deal

look—to replace
resolve-to give up

guarantee-to find
1. My computer is now five years old, and I’m going to replace it with a faster one.
2. In the first half of the course we'll study microbiology, and in the second half I
_________ with genetic engineering.
3. We haven't completed the work yet, but we _______

it later this week.

4. I haven't done much work at college so far, but I __ harder from now on.
5. Every New Year he_______ eating biscuits, but by February he has started
again.
6. We can't provide the spare parts ourselves, but we _________ a supplier who
can.
7. At the moment I commute for over three hours a day, but I___________closer to
my work in the next few months.

Đáp án
Bài 1
1. is to be staged (‘will be staged' is also possible)
2. will stop
3 is to merge / is to be merged ('will merge' or ‘will be merged' are also possible)
4 will rise


5 is to be replaced (‘will be replaced' is also possible)
6 is to retire; is to be succeeded (‘will retire' and ‘will be succeeded' are also
possible)
7 will become
8 are to receive (‘will receive' is also possible)
9 are to be created (‘will be created' is also possible)
10 will increase
Bài 2:
1

are to have (see section B)

2

is to start / is about to start (A/C)

3

wins (B)

4

enjoy (B)

5

'm just about to go (C)

6

recovers (B)

7

is to keep (B)

Bài 3:
3

due to return

4

sure to provide

5

set to launch

6

on the verge of becoming

7

on the point of signing

8

sure to face

9

due to undergo

10

on the verge of quitting

11

set to make

12

on the brink of going


Bài 4
2

propose / 'm proposing to deal

3

expect / 're expecting to finish

4

aim /'m aiming to study

5

resolves to give up

6

guarantee to find

7

intend /'m intending to move