Tổ chức tư vấn hướng nghiệp cho thanh niên sau cai nghiện ma túy ở thành phố hồ chí minh



Minh



i hc Giáo dc
  ngành: ; 62 14 05 01
, 
 2010

Abstract:      


 



Keywords: ; ; Thanh niên; 

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1. Lý do chọn đề tài
1.1. 
 theo   
eo Báo cáo ma 
World Drug R

-
    xuyên qu  -  
.  , 




 (TNSCN)  kèm theo các
âm lý   







 ,
rèn l 
1.2.  



thanh
niên sau cvì 







, 












an,  m, 



, HIV-








, 

  i 


 thanh niên ,  



, 


dân,  , 







.
1.3.  
       , có 34.563       



   

 
.

2
, và TNSCN nói
riêng, 
 :

Tổ chức tư vấn hướng nghiệp cho thanh niên sau cai nghiện ma túy ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh”
.
2. Mục đích 
hoàn thi 
c TNSCN  HCM
3. Khách thể và đối tƣợng nghiên cứu
3.1. Khách thể: Quá trình t
3.2. Đối tượng: G
4. Giả thuyết khoa học  TVHN cho TNSCN làm ,

 

5. Nhiệm vụ nghiên cứu
5.1. 
5.2. 
5.3.  hoàn thi.
5.4.  TVHN cho TNSCN 
6. Phƣơng pháp luận và phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu
6.1. Phương pháp luận  :
-  
6.2. Phương pháp nghiên cứu
6.2.1. Phương pháp nghiên cứu lý luận Lý l 
TVHN; 
6.2.2. Phương pháp nghiên cứu thực tiễn
6.2.2.1.
+                 
CB
+  : P

243).

6.2.2.2. 
6.2.2.3.  
6.2.2.4. 
6.2.2.5.  

qua TVHN;  ,


.
6.2.2.6.  Có 
6.2.3. Phương pháp bổ trợ
6.2.3.1. 
6.2.3.2. 
7. Phạm vi nghiên cứu : N
8. Những luận điểm để bảo vệ
8.1.  
8.2. 
8.3.  , phù
giúp TNSCN tái hoà nh.

3
9. Đóng góp mới của luận án
9.1. Về lý luận




-  ; 
-  TVHN  TVHN
; 

9.2. Về thực tiễn 1) 



TVHN cho TNSCN

 



/.
, 5 
  lý, 7  
TNSC.
10. Cấu trúc của luận án : 

 HCM
.

CHƢƠNG 1
CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN VỀ TỔ CHỨC TƢ VẤN HƢỚNG NGHIỆP
CHO THANH NIÊN SAU CAI NGHIỆN
1.1. Tổng quan tình hình nghiên cứu vấn đề
 

(Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling-   VRC).

.
TVHN 
        



 nặng về giáo dục hướng
nghiệp, dưới nhãn quan quản lý giáo dục, giáo dục học, tổ chức giáo dục lại 
tính nhân văncông tác
xã hội  


-  

 ma tuý
- 
- 
1.1.1. Nghiên cứu về quản lý giáo dục thanh niên nghiện và sau cai nghiện ma tuý
  Hà Th
 .  
               ;   

4
- 
G 
; 
1.1.1.2. V  Theo 
 
 i

Malaysia 
 (4)
; 
 . T  .

Ở Việt Nam, :
- - 
- 
        Võ khánh Vinh.  : «
                  
pháp                  
  
(2002) làm c-02- 
 do T

nhiên các , 
 
 : 
 
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 iá
 
www.giatrisong.org, email: )
1.1.2. Nghiên cứu về tư vấn hướng nghiệp

  (Counseling and Psychotherapy) 
 
              (Applying Career
Development Theory to Counseling)  Richard S. Sharf, 
san
tư vấn tâm lý chuyên ngành cho TNSCN T
N -Louis Pedinielli, Georges Rouan, Pascale
Bertagne (2000)
Cu Specal

Problems in Counseling the Chemically Dependent Adolescent) do 
(2001), âu 
 
n nghng nghip
 t nn móng cho các khái nin cho hong
  ng nghi     n ngh (vocational guidance) ngày nay.
u tiên, trình bày khái ning nghip trong cun sách Chn
ngh (Choosing a Vocation). Nhng khái ni thành lý lu cho nhng
lý thuy     i (trait) và yu t ngh (factor)-
(Trait and factor theory: lý thuyi/ngh). Trong h thng hng, Jesse
B. Davis (1907) c hng, ri t nhng

5
-30 trii trà TVHN trong hu hng hc.
Vào nh-1940, th nh th chin dng nhân lc
 dng nhng ng dng ca lý thuy khnh v mc cá nhân. Mt vài
ng dn tr thành b trc nghim xp hng quân lc tng quát ca M (US
Army General Classification Test). Sau chin tranh, lý thuyt này tr m và
thvn ci h
Emund G. Williamson, Vii hc lý thuy
 n theo lý thuyt ca Williamson khác hn
n ca Carl Rogers. Mt bên cho rng nghip phi chia s
thông tin trc tip vi thân ch; bên kia cho rn viên tâm lý phi gián tip lng nghe
phn ánh cm xúc ca thân ch dù c n toàn b i. Bu t
nhc bit nha th k XX, khái nim ng nghip vì s phát trin
cá nhân ni lên mt cách mnh m.
 .
Ở Việt Nam

--1980


-1986
1987-1990

 Tháng 3/1991 
- 
-

Ánh

12 (1994),  
 
-lâm-
 T


có 
. do   

  dùng cho giáo
 - 10, 11- (c   
 
1.1.3. TVHN cho các nhóm đối tượng đặc biệt 
 ,  

Khuê,Trish Summerfiel (2002 

6
 ;
 


. T 
túy Phan X 

 Nhìn chung,       
  

 , 

.
1.2. Một số khái niệm cơ bản của luận án
1.2.1. Ma tuý, nghiện, cai nghiện, sau cai nghiên
1.2.1.1. Ma tuý: 
 



  hay 

 
 
 lý và hành vi xã 
ma tuý.  

 

 
 :     
khoa, Nghiện  thái  
gây  , cocain hay các

, tâm lý 

    ,  ,     cà phê    
 Nghiện ,
không phchất gây nghiện
 ,
 
; N
; ;   ; ; ; 
.   khác, 

 
 C


.

7
1.2.1.3.  


n ma
tuý. 

























 , , 

, , 



,  
ng ,  , 
.
1.2.1.4. 

 : 

















.  ,  




 , 



 , 



























  .Thông th,


, 











, tâm, 

, nh vi xã 

. 





TVHN, ,
.
1.2.2. Thanh niên sau cai nghiện: thanh niên sau cai nghi
 ã 
nguyá
c hành vi xã i, có 
 . 
              

1.2.3. Quản lý, tổ chức: Thut ng
 tổ chức 
quản lý,  ng

này  hình hệ thống tổ chức
chức năng quản lý là tổ chức triển

khai các hoạt động 
1.2.3.1. 
  (2007), Q à 


, 













, 

















 , 



, 





p. , khái ni





.
 
 4 
 


c
lý và  


 TNSCN. 
  :
 
  ; 

8
pháp; , ; 
 
.
1.2.3.2. 
Theo T  
. Tổ chức 
   

 
 



+  
   )
  ( phân chia phòng ban, )
+ 
+ Phá, 
- Tổ chức  

ho,
. y thuquản lý, tổ chức 
 Lu


1.2.4. Tư vấn hướng nghiệp cho TNSCN

 
. )
     -

          
viên/


.

-  
- 
- 
 
- :


      

- 
 
- 
 
 - 
- - - - - 
ing)- - 

9
          TVHN::     
   + :

10

a.  

   



.
 ong
 N
- 
- 
- không?
             
(1)  (2) 
(3)  (4) 

TVHN choTNSCN  
(1)  
(2) 
(3)
(4)
















,  , 

,luôn tôn










.
1.2.5. Tổ chức tư vấn hướng nghiệp cho TNSCN
1.2.5.1.  M

 .

1.2.5.2. 

 : 

 - 
.
1.2.5.3.  C

trong  
1.2.5.4. :
- 
- 
- 
1.2.5.5. 
a).  
 (2) Hi
(3) i  , 
( 
thông tin,  .
b). TVHN  T
(1).  

(3). 

11
c).  
 
d). giúp TNSCN  
- TNSCN .
- làm, .

- 







 





 .
1.2.5.6. : 






1.3. Sự cần thiết và tính nhân văn của tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN
1.3.1. Sự cần thiết của hoạt động giáo dục hướng nghiệp cho TNSCN
1.3.1.1. 
1.3.1.2. 
1.3.1.3. 
1.3.2. Tính nhân văn của tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN
1.3.2.1.  TNSCN 
1.3.2.2. 

1.3.2.3. T 
1.3.2.4. 
1.3.2.5. 





 




 .
1.4. Các yếu tố ảnh hƣởng đến tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN
1.4.1. Cán bộ quản lý tổ chức TVHN có phẩm chất và năng lực phù hợp
1.4.2. Đặc điểm tâm lý và hoàn cảnh xã hội của TNSCN
1.4.3. Tâm lý, trình độ nhận thức và thái độ của gia đình
1.5. Các tiêu chí đánh giá kết quả của hoạt động tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN
 
Khách quan:  
  : 
g .  

1.5.1. Đánh giá chung về mặt chất lượng nội dung giáo dục TNSCN
1.5.2. Đánh giá của cán bộ quản lý về mặt nhân sự tham gia TVHN
1.5.3. Đánh giá của chuyên gia về mặt khoa học của tổ chức TVHN
1.5.4. Kết quả thực tế của TNSCN có việc làm sau khi được TVHN
Tiểu kết chƣơng 1
CHƢƠNG 2

THỰC TRẠNG TỔ CHỨC TƢ VẤN HƢỚNG NGHIỆP
CHO THANH NIÊN SAU CAI NGHIỆN Ở TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH


2.1. Tình hình chung về QLGD và tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN
2.1.1. Tình hình QLGD thanh niên nghiện và tái nghiện ma túy
+ 
thuốc phiện n
 

12
 


                
 heroin



êng Sài gòn-



+ V  

: C
                
 . 



  
1988 


 , 
tăng bình quân 9,21% ( 2000-2005 )
+ : C

 


2.1.2. Tình hình tái nghiện ma túy và thí điểm phòng chống tái nghiện
+ là 83%.
+      :      cai

tháng 12/1997 .
. C



13
2.1.3. Quản lý giáo dục người nghiện và sau cai nghiện của TpHCM
2.1.3.1.
rung tâm 06)
-2003, 
Mi
  

thanh niên.


-
 khác nhau. 
  h

2.1.3.2. , 
 (TT06): -

    (NQ 16/2003/QH11).           
  

- 
- : 2-trong khuôn viên
 

-  lao
 

2.1.3.3. , 

20.000 





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
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 . 
  
 g tâm 06)
- 


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




 
 2  (02  
- 

 
 4)



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


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



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




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, ,










, 10-15 , .

Hình 2.2: Hệ thống quản lý các trung tâm cai nghiện ở TpHCM
(2003-2006)


UB
PC
MA
TÚY
TW

Bộ
LĐTB&XH

UBND.TP
Hồ Chí Minh
Bộ công AN
VPTT
UBPCMT
CỤC
Phòng
chố ng
TNXH
SỞ
SƠ
Khố i tư
nhân
UB

14

2.2. Khảo sát thực trạng tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN ở tp. HCM
2.2.1. Hệ thống và cơ chế tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN ở Tp.HCM
c TVHN cho TNSCN
+ 
Mặt mạnh (1) 


(2) 
tâm lý. 


Mặt yếu (1)  
tuyên truyền tâm lý 

chánh. (2) Về mặt lãnh đạo chuyên môn  ngang hà
 


UB

DS
GĐ
TE
TP
CÁC
TRUNGTÂM
TƯ VẤN,
CAI NGHIỆN
TRỰC THUỘC

15
+ 

CTXH ( )  ,  .
 
Mặt mạnh: 
. (2) 


 

Mặt yếu 
 .
+  : 10 trung tâm
, 



1,2 


.
2.2.1.2. 
+  
Mặt mạnh (1) , 

trong các trung tâm c
(2) 
-

Mặt yếu (1) T,
 (3)T
 
hành chánh,               
 
, 

+ 
Mặt mạnh 

 -AIDS, ma


Mặt yếu 
. (2) ó 

 
 . (3) Các
t  

2.2.2. Nội dung và phương phápTVHN choTNSCN ở tp.HCM

2.2.2.1. 
+ 

16
Mặt mạnh (1) R. (2) H
Mặt yếu (1) C (2)C




+ 
Mặt mạnh  
 52,68 % 



 ; 37,
03 TNSCN CD). 

(2) câu  
- 

- .
- . n nhau
(81,66%) (Câu 11, )
Mặt yếu 

TVHN cho TNSCN. (3
làm  trong quá trình TVHN.
2.2.2.2. 

+ 
Mặt mạnh (1)  
(2 )  
Mặt yếu (1)    và
.
(2 )

.
+ 
Mặt mạnh 


 (2) 
 
 (1)  cho TNSCN

. (2) 
 (3) 

. 
.
2.2.3. Nhân sự của tổ chức và các lực lượng tham gia
2.2.3.1. 

17
Mặt mạnh (1) ;
(2)                 
 Thâm niên trung bình 2,56 .
Mặt yếu ; (2) 
; (3) 

 
n lý hành chánh, 
.
2.2.3.2. 
Mặt mạnh (1) 
 (2)
chuyên môn riêng.
Mặt yếu (1)   TVHN (2)
 TVHM cho TNSCN
2.2.4. Thực trạng TNSCN và tình hình an ninh trật tự của thành phố
2.2.4.1. 
2.2.4.2. 
2.2.4.3. Tìn
+ Về kinh tế: S2.000 
chục tỷ đô la Mỹ 


+ Vấn đề an ninh 
2 kg hêrôin, 145 kg
. Ma túy là 
nhân chính làm HIV lây lan
+ Về xã hội 
8 có , 
 
+ Về gia đình và người thân  



2.3. Kinh nghiệm QLGD TNSCN chống tái nghiện qua TVHN
2.3.1. Ý kiến đánh giá của TNSCN và CBQL đang công tác

-

- 
- 
% 
-AIDS
2.3.2. Kinh nghiệm từ chương trình Cai tại Chỗ (CTC)
            



18
cai nghiện tại chỗ (chƣơng trình CTC) ,

tâm 

19
CHƢƠNG 3
GIẢI PHÁP HOÀN THIỆN TỔ CHỨC VÀ CẢI TIẾN HOẠT ĐỘNG TƢ VẤN
HƢỚNG NGHIỆP CHO THANH NIÊN SAU CAI NGHIỆN Ở TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH

3.1. Nguyên tắc đề xuất các giải pháp và hệ thống các giải pháp
3.1.1. Một số nguyên tắc đề xuất giải pháp mới 
 
 
.
3.1.2. Hệ thống các giải pháp 
             ghi      
TNSCN (10 chuyên đề). 


tổ chức hệ thống TVHN có nghiệp vụ, phòng TVHN cho TNSCN, 

o,


 TNXH  n. 


















  , , , quy c
              
áo

    
 




 Nhóm giả i pháp 1. Hoà n thiệ n tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN ở cộ ng đồng
- Xây dựng vă n phòng TVHN cho TNSCN ở cộ ng đồng
- Củ ng cố tổ chức và cả i tiế n phương thức hoạ t động củ a Độ i tình nguyệ n
CTXH (ở cộ ng đồng phng xa tham gia TVHN cho TNSCN)
- Xây dựng quy chế hoạ t động củ a hệ thố ng TVHN
-
Tă ng cường kiể m tra hoạ t động TVHN cho TNSCN

- Tă ng cường xã hộ i hóa tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN
 Nhom giai phap 2: Xây dựng nộ i dung và phương pháp giáo dụ c
- Giáo dụ c kỹ nă ng khởi nghiệ p và lao động nghề nghiệ p (2 chuyên dề )
- Giao duc ky nng sông ôi pho tinh huông co nguy cơ ( 8 chuyên ê)


 Nhóm giả i pháp 3. Bồ i dưỡng nhân sự củ a tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN
- Bồ i dưỡng chung những người là m việ c với TNSCN (2 chuyên ê)
- Bồ i dưỡng cán bộ quả n lý TVHN cho TNSCN (5 chuyên ê)
- Bồ i dưỡng nghiệ p vụ TVHN cho tình nguyệ n viên/tư vấ n viên
(7Chuye6n ê)



20

3.2. Nhóm giải pháp 1. Hoàn thiện tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN ở cộng đồng
3.2.1. Giải pháp 1. Xây dựng văn phòng TVHN cho TNSCN ở cộng đồng
3.2.1.1. 

-  - 

.  

- 
- 
-  .

gia

3.2.2. Giải pháp 2. Củng cố tổ chức và cải tiến phương thức hoạt động của Đội tình nguyện CTXH
 
trong công tác TVHN cho TNSCN.

 
 .
 
3.2.3. Giải pháp 3. Xây dựng quy chế hoạt động của hệ thống TVHN
3.2.3.1.   
 .
3.2.3.2.    

uy 

3.2.3.3. 
3.2.4. Giải pháp 4. Tăng cường kiểm tra hoạt động TVHN cho TNSCN
3.2.4.1.   
3.2.4.2.  

v

3.2.5. Giải pháp 5. Tăng cường xã hội hóa tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN
3.2.5.1. :  TVHN cho TNSCN
3.2.5.2. 
.



3.3. Nhóm giải pháp 2: Xây dựng nội dung và phƣơng pháp giáo dục TNSCN qua TVHN
3.3.1. Giải pháp 1: Giáo dục kỹ năng khởi nghiệp và lao động nghề nghiệp
3.3.1.1.   

 -  
làm.
3.3.1.2.   

21
làm
* 





3.3.1.3. 




+ 
: ;  /  Tâm lý t



3.3.2. Giải pháp 2. Giáo dục kỹ năng sống, đối phó tình huống có nguy cơ
3.3.2.1. : (1) 
y  (2) 
rè
3.3.2.2.  
 :


  VTM
 

 

 

Chu
 





                


3.3.2.3. 




TNSCN 3.3.1.3.)
3.4. Nhóm giải pháp 3. Bồi dƣỡng nhân sự của tổ chức TVHN cho TNSCN
3.4.1. Giải pháp 1. Bồi dưỡng chung những người làm việc với TNSCN
i pháp: T



b) Chuyên  
TNSCN; pháp
3.4.2 . Giải pháp 2. Bồi dưỡng cán bộ quản lý TVHN cho TNSCN

22
3.4.2.1.  giúp CB 
.
 
- (1)
- (2)công tác QLGD TNSCN.
- (3)              

- (4); 
- (5)


3.4.3 . Giải pháp 3. Bồi dưỡng nghiệp vụ TVHN cho tình nguyện viên/tư vấn viên
3.4.3.1. M: G    

3.4.3.2.   

  

: (1)hý
(2) 
phân (3) 
. (4)  (5)
(6)
(7)
3.5. Mối quan hệ hữu cơ và đồng bộ giữa các giải pháp
3.6. Tổ chức thực nghiệm:    x        

          
 

m.
3.6.1. Mục đích, giới hạn thực nghiệm
-  (1)

TNSCN 
         
 ng.
- Giới hạn vấn đề, phạm vi địa bàn thực nghiệm: -2007). 



3.6.2. Nội dung thực nghiệm
- T              
 xã


- 


 TVHN cho TNSCN.
-               


23
-               


-    
.

3.6.3. Tiến trình và phương pháp thực nghiệm


3.6.3.1. 

 
-
  


c



thực nghiệm TVHN cho TNSCN. Quận 2, Quận Bình Tân 

Quận 2
-
Quận Bình Tân, 




g


 
  
 
              
). M


 inh phí
       ,

 :
  

 .
 :  
i 3.2  .

24
10  

 


 


TNSCN. 
+  
 . 
viên tham gia TVHN cho TNSCN, 


- T
 - : 123 )
   
  ;
; 

+  :  



3.6.3.2. 
 


tì


+ 

+ 
+ -  
3.6.3.3. 
3.7. Đánh giá kết quả thực nghiệm

3.7.1. Đánh giá về mặt khoa học tổ chức thực nghiệm TVHN cho TNSCN
Bảng 3.1: Ý kiến đánh giá của chuyên gia.( n= 30 )
stt



1

4,23
0,71
2

4,00
0,80
3

3,76
0,97
4

4,33
0,62
5

4,06
0,80
6

4,13
0,80

7

4,00
0,80

25
8

4,10
0,78
9

4,06
0,62
10

4,16
0,44


 c
. 
 quá


3.7.2. Đánh giá về mặt chất lượng nội dung giáo dục TNSCN
3.7.2.1. 
3.7.2.2. 
3.7.2.3. 
3.7.2.4. So 


