Pháp luật việt nam về bảo vệ quyền lợi người tiêu dùng trong hợp đồng gia nhập

t Vit Nam v bo v quyn li
ng gia nhp





Khoa Lut
LuLut kinh t: 60 38 50
ng dn: PGS.TS. Nguyn Vi
o v: 2010


Abstract. u nh   a hp
ng gia nh bo v quyn li c
t Vit Nam v bo v  ng gia nhp, so
t bo v  a mt s  gi
nhc ting ca v bo v 
Kin ngh nh t v bo v quyn lg
trong hng gia nh cho vi
hp vi thc tin ti Vic t.

Keywords. t Vit Nam; Lut kinh t; Hng kinh t


Content
M U
1. p thit c 
 tng, mi quan h gi n xu    ch v 
c thit lng. V c, h
 thit y ghi nh thuo lp s i l

 hc t nguyn tho thu
t m thit lu hn
xuch v t vng hp c
son tho sn vu kin giao dc thit lp t c gp
ng gia nhng vu th 
sn xuch v bi thc chi ti p hp
ng.





 




 c t hin nay ti Vit Nam cho thy quy  a
ng gia nhp vi msn xu
dch v vm bn phi chp nhn s thit
li khi giao kt h
bo v t v mnh   u hi bo
v          c hin h ng gia nh  y, vic
  v bo v quyn l
hng gia nht v
bo v u cp thit  c ta hin nay.
Xu  a chn ch  t Vit Nam v bo v
quyn lng gia nh t nghip th
lut hc c
2.  

V bo v quyn lt hi c
 Vic nhi i dung c
u mi ch y c n v t
bo v c ch  ca hng gia nhp, ch
u tng th n v v bo v quyn l
trong hng gia nh a hng gia
nhp trong mi quan h gi bo v 
p hng cc tip tn.
3. M 
M c tin v v bo v quyn
lng gia nh 
t v bo v m vi mt lu
gi tt s ni dung sau:
- u nh  a hng gia nhp
 bo v quyn li cng gia nhp.
-  t Vit Nam v bo v p
ng gia nht bo v a mt s  gii.
- c ting ca v bo v quyn li
g hng gia nhp ti Vit Nam.
- Kin ngh nh t v bo v quyn l
trong hng gia nh cho vip vi
thc tin ti Vi quc t.
4. u
Lu  d  n chng duy vt ca trit h 
n cho vi lu dng
mt s ng h
quy pht.
5.  thc tin ca lu
V mn, lui h th
din v t bo v quyn lng gia nhp  Vit Nam hin

ng v n v hng gia nh 
lun c khoa hc ca vic bo v quyn lng gia nhp bng
t hit bo v  
thit Vit Nam v bo v quyn lng gia nhp,
nhnh bo v quyn lt
bo v quyn l
V m thc tin, luc trng ct Vit
Nam v bo v quyn lng gia nh
 khc phc nh ch c
lut v bo v quyn ln l m
bo quy    u qu qu  c
c bo v quyn l t ch bo v


ng gia nhp  Vit Nam hin nay.


 V BO V QUYN L
TRONG HNG GIA NHP

1.1.  QUYN L
1.1.1. 
i mua, s d
ch v nhm mc v u cc t
chc cm mi nhuch v c mua cho s dng
cui s dng cui
. Trong mt nn kinh t, sc mua cng lc
ng sn xut kinh doanh dch v phn. Bi vy, bo v n li
n cu tt y kt
hp ca nhiu bic hnh ct bo v


1.1.2. n ln c
Quyn lt ng  quya
 ng dn cp quc v bo v 
ph nhii dung 8 quyn ct bo v 
n: Quyc tho ng nhu cn; Quyn
c la chn; Quyc lc
gi din hay quy n cc
khiu nng; Quyo v 
ng sn vng. Trong 8 

, 












. Bi vy, 























.
1.2.  V BO V QUYN L
TRONG HNG GIA NHP
1.2.1. im ca hng gia nhp
1.2.1.1. m hng gia nhp
Hng gia nhp (trong TiAdhesion contract) c g
hng dng sn (Boilerplate contract), hng mn (Standard form contract)
hay h ng. C  hng gia nhHp
ng gia nhu kiu khon ct lpc
m mt hng vi nhi u kiu
kho. p nhn tham gia hng vu kiu khoc g
p.
1.2.1.2. m ca hng gia nhp

Hng gia nhc ht loi h  c
m ca hi hn
bit sau:
Th nht, m quan trng nht ca hng gia nhp.
Th hai, c ca h

: vi hng gia nh p
nht cho s ghi nhu khon hnc tin cho thc
 git v hng gia nhng v
c ca hng gia nhp bi bt k c ra sao, ni dung cu khon
hng mc tin quy hng.


, 





















.
Th  hng gia nhu khoc chun b t c
cho vic s dng nhiu ln nhm giao kt vi nhii.
, 



























 . 









































.
1.2.2. t yu ca v bo v quyn lng gia nhp
Bo v quyn li nng gia nh
t yu bi nh
Trong hng gia nhp, gin th th 
ng vi nhau. Bng v n nht t bt
ng ging. Hi
 m  th
bt l
c tn hng gia nhp rc bi nhi
t thc t u khon dng su vi
u khoc ho b b
qua ngay c khi h  u khon
hi nh c trong th  cnh tranh.
c quyn sn xut hoc cung cch v t trong nhng

c b u khon ca hng c
ng gia nhc son tho bi mt hip hi ngh nghic cung
cp h hng nht ca hm kh a
chng c




                  






T VIT NAM V BO V QUYN LI
NG GIA NHP

2.1.  M, N   N C  T BO V QUYN LI

2.1.1. m pht bo v quyn l
t bo v quyn l tht do
c tha nhu chnh quan h hng gi
p nhm bo v quyn v
2.1.2. Nn ct bo v quyn l
t bo v quyn ln bao gnh
v quy cm ci v
nh v hng gia nhp, t chc bo v c gii
quyt tranh chp hc trong vic bo v quyn l


2.2. THC TRT VIT NAM V BO V QUYN L 
NG GIA NHP
i ca thc tin kinh t th t hia Vit
nh v hng gia nhp nhm bo quyn t do kh c ca
p hng vi 


n v hng gia nhp
Vm hng theo mnh tu 407 khon 1 B lu,
t mi tip cc ph hng gia nhp  vinh
ng gm nhu khon do m c
nhn nht ca hng gia nht ra m
cn phn thng nht v hng gia nhp trong b lu
B lu u thit l
n hng gia nhp vi nhn thc chung ca th gic gii
u th p) trong quan h hng gia
nhu khong ca hng gia nhp.
y, mi ch  
bn v hng gia nhp, song B lu n tng
trong viu chnh v bo v quyn lng gia nhp.
2.2.2. Quy cng gia nhp
Ti Vinh bo v quyn l
bn c cho vic
bo v quyn lng gia nhp. 

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, 
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

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










 , 








 . 

,


 , ,  , 












, bi th 





  
dch v nh ct.



t bo v quyn lo v quyn li
c ng gia nh  nh v quy
 chung nht cc hin mua sch v
 ng.
m cng gia nhp
nh bo v quyn lng
qc v  cp trong hp
ng gia nh  n ngh  -  nh chi tit thi
nh bo v quyn li ta mi thnh v
m cng gia nhp tu 5.
nh bo v quyn lu vng nhng
nh v m cp trong vi
hng gia nhp. Bi th, trong mt s  t kinh
doanh bo hit cn l lu
ht Vi
mt s qum cp d
c ca Lut hng truyn th bm quyn t do hng, bm li
u th c vic lm dng quyn t do kh c cn
tho hng.
2.2.4. 















 



 p
ng gia nh

u khon ti thiu ca hng gia nhnh
king gia nh ng m
chu 
nh v m cu
khon n ca hc trong vic kii
u kho
, 







































 
lu








 u khom
dng, thiu thing trong hng gia nhm
quyn cm song gia nh hn ch s vi phm c
bo v quyn t do hng c. 























 










.
2.2.5. 
 (




),  








































.

,  








 . , 
 ,  2004, 




 

























.
 , 






 ,  
















.
,  








 



2.3. 































i Vi
2.3.1. 



 















c t, h ng gia nh u thut ng   u

c hin hng. c bit, vi phn lt Nam,
s hn ch v , nhn tht cn tr  i vi vic nhn thc bn cht
ct ng u khou ki
Nhic h hiu hay hia nhng t
ng nh trong hng h  dng thut
ng y, khi xy ra tranh ch 
u khon ca hng, phn thing li thuc v 
2.3.2. 























Vi li th n tho h c n tr i
tip cn vi hng gia nhp bng ving vi nhc
n tii cho bit khi h pht hng gia
nh ch c. Hng lo
rn c chc trang, do vy trong nhing h c ht hp
ng ho  c ht hng, nhng hp hng cn
phi thu ri ro rt ln n
tranh ch
2.3.3. 









, 





















  c vi phm quyn lng gia
nhp ph bin nht hin nay  Vip
ng gia nhp nhu khou kin bt lc t
do hng c, np hng vu khon
 h cam kc vi h c t 
u khot m thc hin quyn ca
t; mi chu nhiu ri s mng
gia quy ging gia nhp.
2.3.4. 






















n tho hp trong nhing hp
i nn cu khon trong h
c phi chp nhu khon thay

Hing vi phm quyn lng gia nhp  Vit Nam
c ti
Th nht, h tht v bo v quyn lp
ng gia nhu nhnh thng nh u chnh trc tip v hng gia
nh cho vi ki c thi hng gia nh
hiu qu c t.

Th hai, hiu qu hong ca  bo v 
c Qunh tranh (B c
tio v i t bo v quyn l
ng gia nht ra.
Th ba, h th chc bo v Hi n
o v t Nam (VINASTAS) hou qu do nhng
 m
Th n thc ca v quyt Nam
u hn ch.


MT S GIT VIT NAM
V BO V QUYN LI TI
TRONG HNG GIA NHP

3.1. 









u lut quan trng nht v hng gia nhp trong B lu 
 t k
1. Hp ng gia nhu kiu khon c
thit lp sn nhm mt vi nhi u kiu khon


p nhn tham gia hng vu kiu kho ngh
c gp.
2. Hng gia nhp phc gi p vc
thibng hu khon trong hp
ng gia nhc gip.
ng hp hng gia nhu khon mim c
ra hng gia nhm hoc loi b quyn lp
u khou lt.
3.2. 





































 i vt bo v
quyn li ngnh v hng gia nhi vy,
ct bo v quyn l
 ch dch v m mc
ch hong ngh nghi ng nhu c y s
 mi vp v quc t c tii Vit Nam.
nh v  





 

3.2.2. 















.


                















3.2.4. 





















 
  
  
3.3. MT S GI TR 
3.3.1. 












 trong sn xuch v 

Cn t kic quyn trong sn xung
ch v, tng c
 nh trong Lut ct
y cnh tranh, hong c
u ting lc th ng, to lp mng cho
m n xut, cung ch v, t  cao chng
ch v c quyn la ch 
ng sn phm h cn vu kii nht.
i vi vic cung ng dch v n, thit yu vi
i sc sinh hoc mt mt cy mnh s tham gia
ca khu vt s c. Mi thin chng cung ng dch v
c bng ch  ki  ch
m chc phc v i
v quc trc tip thc hin cung ng dch v 
3.3.2. 




o v 















Lut bo v quyn l th a Hi
o v i dic
hin c h i quyt khiu ni, tranh
chp. Ho v a v ngang bng vp hi
 p hi ngh nghi u thc ti tr 
m quyn kim ng gia nhp mu qu.
3.3.3. 

, 
















 ch
 o v 
i v n, ph bic
t bo v quyn l n thc c
quyt vn dng linh
hot quyn bu khon bt li khi gia nhp hng v
i vp, vic t chc ph bit
bo v quyn li  nhm m nm bc nhng v v
t bo v ngm bo vi
th n thu khon ca hp
ng gia nhng cho s 
 cn ph  truyn, ph bi  t v bo v
quyn l i
c binh ti s n co v quyn l
  c.
   khc phc nhng yu th c    p h ng
nhm bo v quy lu t bo v
quyn l o lut quan trng nht ghi nhn nhng quy
tng cho hng gia nhnh ca Lut bo v quyn li
 ng chi vi vic bo

v quyn lng gia nhu thc tin ca mt nn
kinh t th n trong thi k hi nhp kinh t quc t c.

KT LUN
Hng gia nht minh chng cho thc ti
Lut hng vi nhc truyn thng c trang b cho n
n hu hi bo v quy
p. Bi vy, mng gia nh m ti
ct ht bo v quyn l 
mt ni dung quan trt bo v quyn l
Vo v quyu th
ng gia nht bo v quyn lVic
u thit lt trt t c bit, hu b, kim tra n
nhim theo h tham gia cnh c
lut hing nhnh bo v quyn l
1999 v hu hi king gia nhp trong giao dch
gi y, nhiu
m quyn l trong hng gia nhp vn ra
theo chic bit, vic s dng hng gia nh
doanh mt s loch v thit yu phc v sinh ho
c, dch v vit ph bi
c tha thuu s la chn
c chp nhn mu khon c 
ch v 
Do vy, vit v bo v quyn li
ng gia nh th
p vi thc tin kinh t th u tt yu. Lut bo v quyn
lu chnh mn v hp
ng gia nh ng s c
  ng ch bo v

quyn lt l ng trong mi quan h gi
p. Bo v quyn l 
dng nio v ng lc kinh t quan try t
ng sn xuch v  ngng ths
mnh c
 tin b ci.
References
Ting Vit
1.      ng bo him: Thn trng k   
.
2. Hng Anh (2010), N    a 3G, />doanh/2010/04/3.
3. B lu s s 
4. B lui s 
5. Corinne renault - Brahinsky (2002),  t hng, 
i, tr. 8.
6. Cc qunh tranh - B i (2006), S o v ,
 qui, tr. 55  56.
7. u ging dy cao hc: Lut h 
c bit ci hc qui)i, tr. 31, 162  170.
8. ng bt cnh v hng ca B lut
 ng c T t, (S 
 si, b sung B lu), tr.104.
9. o v quyn lt cnh
Tt, (11), tr. 36  40.
10. D tho 5 Lut bo v quyn lu phc v k hp ln th 8,
Quc hi XII, 10/2010, />ve-nguoi-tieu-dung.
11. Trch) (1999),  a Ch i,
 qui, tr. 7  8.
12. Lut bo v i, b 
13. Lun lc s 

14. Lung s 
15. Lut kinh doanh bo him s 
16. Lut vi 
17. u (1992), Vic kho, quy h c, In
ln th nht, B quc xut bn, tr. 58.
18. t Vit   




















 : 








  i, tr. 12  14: 

,




.
19. Tuyt Nhung (2009),    nhm tin cho tr    bi 

20. Phm Duy Nghu chi ro trong
t hng ViTu l (5), tr. 40.
21. Nguyu kic t do kh 
Tt, (9), tr.36  38.
22. nh bo v quyn l 13/1999/PL-

23.    Rc r   trong h ng bo him,

24.  n hc (2007), T n Ting Vitng, tr.1532.
25. ng (2003), - Nhng v v vic bo v
quyn l Vit Nam, NXB Khoa h thui, tr. 236.
26.  p, tp 36, NXB S thi, tr.577.
27. Pht (1993), Nhnh chung ca Lut hng  c, Anh, M,
 quc gia, i, tr. 14, 16, 23, 24, 25.
28. Vin thng nh  c t Roma  Italia (1999), Nh c h ng
i quc t, NXB TP. H 

29. Nguyng theo m bo v quyn l
T, (4), tr. 36.
Ting Anh
30. Bryan A. Garner (1999),   , Deluxe Seventh edition, by West
group, p.311.
31. Clayton P. Gillette (2009), Standard form contracts, New York University School of
Law, USA, p.1  2.
32. Council Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair terms in consumer contracts (1993).
33. Leon E. Trakman (2006), Adhesion contracts and the twenty first century consumer,
University of New South Wales, USA, p.78 - 81.
34. Regulation of Adhesion contracts Act of Korea (1992), (Amended by law No. 07491,
March 31, 2005).
35. West Publishing Co (1990), , p.23.
36. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Standard form contract,
ipedia,org/wiki/Standard_form_contract.