Tài liệu Báo cáo " Vấn đề thu hút và sử dụng hỗ trợ phát triển chính thức (ODA) của Pháp tại Việt Nam" pot

VfiN D€
THU HUT
VA
SU"
DUNG
H6
TRO
PHHT TRI€N
CHINH
THU'C
(ODR) cun PHRP
TRI VICT
NRAA
TS.
Nguyen Thj Kim Chi
Dgi
Itgc
Kinh te, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi
\. CHINH SACH VA QUY CHE
CUNG CAP ODA CUA PHAP CHO
VIET NAM TRONG THOI GIAN QUA
1.
Cac cong cu va dieu kien vien trg
ciia Phap
Nam
1992,
Phap cimg mdt sd nudc giup
Viet Nam tai lap quan he tai ehinh vai eac
djnh che Bretton Wood,
mdr ra
mdt giai doan

mdi trong quan he
ciia
Viet Nam vai cpng
ddng tai trg qudc te. Ciing tir giai doan nay,
quan he hgp tac phdt trien Viet Phap da
dugc thiet lap mdt each viing chdc. Trong
hon
18
nam qua, hdu bet cac cdng cy chuyen
tai ODA cua Phdp da dugc dp dyng tai Viet
Nam, dap
iing
kjp thdri nhiing yeu cdu nhieu
mat trong qud trinh phdt trien cua Viet Nam.
Thu nhat,
Ngiti
dinli thu Tai chinh
thudng nien: Day
Id
hinh thiic tdi trg truyen
thdng, bao gdm mdt danh muc cdc dy an
dugc chinh phu hai nuac thod thudn vd ky
kit.
Cac dy an ndy dugc tdi trg khdng hodn
lai vd vdn vay uu dai vai thdnh td khdng
hodn lai binh qudn khodng 35%), ddc biet cd
mdt dy an thdnh td khdng hodn lai dat 80%
(truang hgp ddc biet). Tiln vay tir Nghi dinh
thu phdi sir dyng de mua hang hoa va dich vu
eiia

Phap, ddu thau ban che trong eae cdng ty
Phap.
De cdi tien Nghj djnh thu Tai ehinh
hang nam, tir nam
1998
trd lai day, hai ben
da chuyen each lam tir ky Nghj djnh thu Tai
chinh cho nhieu dy an sang ky nghi djnh thu
cho timg dy an cu the ma khdng khdng ehe
ngdn sdch tdi trg hang nam. Ddng thdi cae
nghj djnh thu khdng cd eae khoan tdi trg
khdng hodn lai, chi cd cae khoan vay
uu
dai.
Trong giai doan nay, tai trg tir Nghj djnh thu
dugc tap trung cho
"dc ITnh
vyc uu tien nhu
thoat nuac vd xir ly rac thai, hang khdng,
dudng sat, vien thdng vd che bien ndng san
thye phdm.
Thu hai, Quy Phdt triin Phdp (CFD):
Dugc dua vdo van hdnh tir nam
1994,
CFD
bao gdm: Vien trg khdng hoan lai eho nghien
ciiu
vd lap cdc dy an khd thi; Cho vay dac
biet uu ddi cho hd trg ky thuat vd cae bien
phdp di kem cdc du dn (thdri gian vay 30

ndm; an han 10 ndm vd ldi sudt
1
%/nam);
Va
cho vay uu dai theo dy dn (thdi gian vay 20
nam, an han 7 ndm, lai sudt 2,5%/nam). Dilu
kien tdi chinh dugc CFD quy dinh theo timg
54
NGHIEN
cau
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°l 2 (135).2011
nam tai khoa, va thdng bao cho Bg Ke
ho^ch
va Dau tu vao dau ndm. Khoan tdi trg
ciia
CFD khdng cd dilu
kicMi
xuat xir vd dau thau
qudc lc rdng rai.
Chiin
luge
cua CFD tgi Vicl Nam xoay
quanh ha
linh virc
chinh
.sau:
I)
Ndng
ihdn:

Nang cao chdt lugng, kha nang canh tranh,
da dang hoa cac nganh ndng nghiep, djch vu
ea
.sa
phue \
u
nhan dan, cac vcu td chinh eho
su on djnh ehinh trj xa hgi; 2) Do thi: Phat
trien ca sd ha tang dd thj, dae bipt la cae van
dl \
c
nude gan vai cae van de ve sire
khoe
va mdi
Irudaig;
3) Tdi chinh
(ITnh
vyc
chii
yeu de phat trien mdt mdi Irudng kinh te dn
djnh va hieu qua): Hudng cae ngudn tiet
kiem vao cae dy an san xudt
Thir ba, Quy Dodn kit uu tien: Ld mdt
cdng cy khac dap
iing
eac nhu cdu phat trien
eiia
Viet Nam, nhat Id trong ITnh vyc phat
trien ngudn nhan lyc, tdng cudng ndng
lyc

vd
the che. Day la khodn vien trg khdng hodn
lai
tir quy Bd Ngoai giao Phap cho cdc dy an
nghien cim ddo tao, vdn hod nghp thudt
Hang nam, Viet Nam dugc thu hudng khodn
vien trg khdng hodn
lai
khodng 4 5 tripu
euro tir quy ndy.
Ngodi ra, cdc cdng cu vien trg ODA cua
Phap dugc dieu phdi bdri cdc co quan vipn trg
la: Bd phdn Hgp tdc vd Hoat dgng vdn hda
(SCAC); Co quan dai dipn Kinh tl cua Tdng
cue Kinh tl ddi ngoai; Co quan Phdt triln
Phap (AFD); Co quan cdng ich ho trg phdt
trien trao doi Cdng nghe, Kinh tl vd Tdi
chinh (ADETEF). Vipt Nam Id mdt trong sd
il nuac huy dgng dugc tat cd cae co quan vd
cdng cy vipn trg
ciia
Phdp.
1.2. Nhung ITnh vuc uu ticn trong
quan
h?
hgp tac ciia Phap
Vipn trg cua Phap tai Viet Nam tap
trung vdo 5 ITnh vyc uu ticn dugc xac dinh
lrong Tdi
lipu

chiln luge (DSP) thdng qua
nam 2002. Nhung hudng uu lien hgp tac ma
DSP dua ra
phii
hgp vdi nhiing djnh hudng
phat triln kinh tc - xa hdi
ciia
Vicl Nam,
cung nhu muc tieu hgp tac
ciia
Phap tai Viet
Nam
Id:
dodn ket, dnh hudng \ a hien dien ve
kinh te. Cu the
Id:
Ho trg Viet Nam trong qua trinh hoan
thien he thdng ludt phdp \a cai each hdnh
chinh;
Hd trg cdng cudc hien dai hod he
thdng gido due vd nghien
ciiu;
Phdt trien hgp tdc van hod tren ca sd
trao ddi vd phd bien kien thiic;
Hd trg qud trinh chuyen ddi nen kinh
le thdng qua phdt trien quan he hai chieu vdi
cac doanh nghiep Phdp;
Gdp phdn xod ddi gidm ngheo vd
cai
thien dieu kien xd hgi;

Vai nhimg muc tieu tren, ODA
ciia
Phdp tap trung vdo cdc
ITnh
vyc: Ndng
nghiep vd phdt triln ndng thdn; Cap nudc
sinh boat; Y tl; Buu chinh vien thdng; Giao
thdng van tdi (dudng sdt, hdng khdng, duong
^VLti tte
thu
kut
tut
sjidung,
55
bg);
Nang lugng; Phat triln dd thj; Xir ly rac
thai,
thoat nuac;
Viin
tham; Truyin hinh.
II.
TINH HINH THU
HIIT
VA
S\S
DVNG
ODA CUA PHAP TAI
VI$T
NAM
1.

Tinh hinh chung
Gid tri ODA cam kit: Cdng hod Phdp
la mdt trong nhung nuac cung cdp ODA sam
nhat cho Viet Nam kl tir khi Vipt Nam noi
lai quan he vai cdng ddng tdi chinh quoc tl.
Tir nam 1990
din
2010, Phdp da eung cdp
eho Viet Nam tdng
miie
ODA dat khoang
tren 3,6 ty euro, tdi trg cho khodng 400 dy an
trong cdc
ITnh
vyc uu tien nhu: cap nude sinh
boat, dipn, giao thdng van tdi, ndng nghiep
vd an todn thyc phdm, djch vy, ngdn hdng vd
tdi chinh.
So vdi
miie
ODA cam
kit
ma
thi
giai
ddnh cho Viet Nam thi Phdp la nhd tai trg
song phuong dung ddu chau Au vd diing
thii
hai
thi

giai. Phdp coi Viet Nam la ddi tac uu
tien cua minh tai chau A. Trong nhirng nam
qua, cae dy dn do Ca quan Phat triln Phap
(ADF) tdi trg da thu dugc cac thanh qua
quan trgng ve tao cdng an viec lam, xoa ddi
gidm ngheo, chuyen giao cdng nghe. Cd the
ke mdt sd dy an tieu bieu nhu: sira dau nanh,
mia dudng a tinh Thai Nguyen; trdng vd
phdt trien bdng, cd phe, che, dipn ndng thdn
eac tinh ddng bang sdng Cim Long; dao tao
nghe cho 4 trudng day nghe trpng diem
Ngodi ra AFD cdn lap quy nghien
ciiu
vd
chudn bj dy dn de tdi trg khdng hodn lai kinh
phi,
chudn bi vd lap bao eao cdc nghien
eiiu
khd thi cdc du dn do AFD tai tro.
mnh:
Cam ket ODA cua Phap va the gioi cho Viet Nam (1993 - 2010)
Trieu USD
136-8-
i1*.S-106j2l-i?*
- ^ -
=^34.
3^378^26]
1993
1994
1995

1996
1997
1998
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Ngudn: Bd Ki hogch vd Dau tu
56
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°l2
(135*
2Jl 1
Sd
lieu
a hinh tren cho thay gid tri ODA
Phap cam
ki3t
danh eho Vict Nam cd xu
hudng tang lir ndm 2000 trd lai day. Ddc bipt
eao nhdt la vao nam 2005 vai viec thdnh
lap
trung tam dao tao Phap a Vicl Nam.
Toe
dg
gidi
ngdn: Trong thdri gian qua,
nlu mire dp cam
ket
tang dang ke thi mirc do
giai ngan cae dy an ODA lai tuong ddi

cham. Nhilu dy an phai gia ban thdri ban gidi
ngan lir 1-2 nam. Tuy nhien sd lien chdm
giai ngan khdng
Idrn
(chilm khodng 10%
Idngsd
von).
Tinh
din hit
nam
2010,
cdc dy an thyc
hien theo Nghj dinh thu tir nam
1996
tra ve
trudc da hoan thdnh. Cae dy an thudc Nghj
djnh thu nam
1997
da gidi ngdn dat khodng
80%
tdng
miic
vay. Hinh thirc vien trg qua
Nghj djnh thu di kem vai cac dieu kien rdng
budc sir dung hdng hod vd djch vy
ciia
Phdp
nham ho trg cho cdc cdng ty eua Phap thdm
nhap vdo thj trudng Viet Nam.
2.

Tinh
hinh thu hiit va sur dung ODA
cua Phap theo
linh
vuc
Giao thdng van tdi: Quan hp hgp tdc
Viet Phdp trong ngdnh giao thdng van tdi
(GTVT) bao
triim
cdc
ITnh
vyc dudng sdt,
dudng bd, dudng bien vd hdng khdng. Tir
nam 1995 den nay, Bg GTVT dd vd dang
trien khai 20 dy dn tir nguon vdn ODA cua
Phap vdi tdng sd vdn khodng
150
trieu frdng
Phap (FRF). Cdc dy dn ndy dd gdp phdn
nang cao ndng lyc van tdi dudng bg thdng
qua viec: xdy dyng cau Gianh, sua chiia cdu
Trdng Tiln; tdng cudng an todn hang hdi vd
ndng cao ndng lyc hoc
xIp
cua cdc cdng Hdi
Phdng, Sdi Gdn; cung cap nguon von chg cae
dy dn dau tu quoc Id 9, Cau Long Bien; xay
dyng vd thyc bicn cac quy djnh ve an loan
hdng khdng; ndng cao nang
lyc

cho cae
chuyen gia Vipt Nam trong vice ddnh gia
trang thdi ky thudt cdu dudng bg. Ciing trong
thai gian ndy, Bd GTVT dd tilp nhdn vd thuc
hipn
13
dy dn von vay ODA cua chinh
phii
Phap vdi tdng tri gia 347 tripu FRF, tap trung
chil ylu cho 3
ITnh
vyc: dudng sat (ldng vdn
vay 154 trieu FRF), hdng khdng (7 dy an,
tdng vdn vay 101,5 trieu FRF) vd dudng bp
(3 dy an, tdng vdn vay
91,5
trieu FRF). Cac
dy an nay da gdp phdn ndng cao an loan va
nang lyc van tdi ducmg sat (cdi tao ham
dudng sdt deo Hdi Van. hien dai hod he
thdng thdng tin tin hieu doan Ha Npi Vinh,
sira chira ddu mdy, toa xe); ndng cao an loan,
ddo tao nhdn lyc \a ndng cao ndng
lyc
van
tdi cho hdng khdng; ndng cao an todn va
ndng
lyc
van tdi cho dudmg bg.
Ndng

nghidp
vd phdt trien ndng thdn:
Tir ndm 1994
din
2010 cd 25 dy dn trong
ITnh
vyc ndng nghiep vd phdt trien ndng thdn
duge chinh phu Phdp tdi trg, vdi tdng trj gia
gdn 900 tripu FRF vd
335
tripu EUR. Xet vl
sd lugng thi con so tren chua phdi Id nhieu
nhdt, song dieu ddng quan tdm
Id
ylu td chat
lugng vd su da dang cua cdc ngi dung hinh
thiic hgp tac. Cdc chuong trinh, dy dn ndy
tap trung vdo
ITnh
vyc hien dai hod khu
vyc
ndng nghiep vd ndng thdn, ndng cao
chLt
(Vdtt itetliu
kut
tul
ijidtittg,
57
lugng vd khd nang canh tranh
ciia

hang hod
ndng lam san; xdy dyng xudt xir hang hod;
xay dyng mdt
nin
sdn sudt ndng nghiep ed
trinh dp td chiic lien tiln, phdt triln ca sdr ha
tdng ndng thdn; ddo tao can bd
- Ve khoa hgc ndng nghiep vd chdn
nudi: Trong nhieu nam qua, hgp tac giira
Vien Khoa hpe Ndng nghiep Viet Nam va
eac td chiic cua Phap
nliu
Td chirc Nghien
ciiu
\ a Trao ddi Ky thuat (GRET) vd Trung
tam hgp tac Qudc te ve nghien
ciiu
Ndng
nghiep cho phat trien
(CIRAT)
da tien hdnh
eae dy an: Dy an hd trg td chiic phat trien
san xuat ndng nghiep mien Bac (PAOPA)
vdi kinh phi
Id
2 tripu USD, thyc hien tir nam
1998-
2001.
Giai doan 2 vai kinh phi la 4
trieu USD; Hd trg xay dyng ndi dung ehinh

sach ndng nghiep thdng qua phuang phdp
ddng tham gia vd ket hgp cdc tdc nhdn lien
quan: Dy an phdt trien ndng nghiep ven dd
- Ve hgp tdc xdy dung the che chinh
sdch:
Mdi ddy chinh
phii
Phdp vd chinh
phii
Viet Nam da ky thod thudn ve viec thyc hien
dy an "Tang cudng ndng lyc thdng tin phuc
vu cdng tdc hoach djnh chinh sdch ndng
nghiep" vdi tdng kinh phi
Id
1,5 tripu euro.
Dy an bao gdm 3 hgp phdn chinh lien quan
chat che vdi nhau
Id:
tang cudng ndng lyc
eua trung tdm thdng tin; nghien
ciiu
ndng
f
nghiep vd phat triln ndng thdn; ho trg qudn
^
ly dy an.
•^
Cdc
die
dn sic dung vdn vay uu ddi cua

^
chinh
phii
Phdp: Dy an "Phdt triln cdy cd
^
phe che" dugc triln khai tir nam 1998 vai
tdng vdn vay uu dai
Id
220 trieu FRF; Dy an
"Chuong trinh phdt triln cao su qudc doanh
khu vyc Tdy Nguyen" vdi tdng vdn vay uu
dai la 35 tripu Euro va duge Chinh
phii
phe
duyet thang 5 ndm
2001;
Ngoai ra chinh phu
Phap cdn ddng tdi trg mdt sd dy an trong
ITnh
vyc ndng nghiep vd phat trien ndng thdn
thdng qua ADB (Ngan hang Phat trien Chau
A) nhu: Dy an da dang hoa ndng nghiep va
dy an luu vyc Sdng Hdng
1
& 11; Dy an ca
sd ha tdng ndng thdn tinh Ninh Thuan; Dy
an phat trien cay che tinh Phu Thp; Dy an
nuac sach tai tinh Tien Giang.
Cdc chuong trinh, dy an hgp tac vdi
Phdp thdri gian qua da cd nhirng ddng gdp

dang ke eho sy phdt trien cua nganh ndng
nghiep Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, hien cd mdt sd
yeu td dnh hudng den hieu qua eua eac
chuong trinh hgp tdc, nhdt la van de lai suat
vay tir ca quan phat trien Phap cho eac dy an
trong
ITnh
vyc xod ddi giam ngheo. Vdi lai
suat 2,5%/nam, thdi ban vay trong 20 nam
(ed 7 nam an ban), nhieu dy an ha tang ea sd
ndng thdn rdt khd tiep can vd trien khai. Vi
vdy, trong thdi gian tai, ngodi viec xem xet
vdn de
lai
sudt ndi tren, can day manh trao
ddi thdng
tin,
nhdm giiip cae ddi tac hieu rd
ban nhu cdu hgp tdc, phdt trien cua nhau.
Ngdnh cdng nghiep dien: Chinh phu
Phdp da cung cdp ODA cho nganh dien
thdng qua cdc chuang trinh dy dn sau:
- Nghi dinh thu tdi chinh Phdp - Viet
1993:
Trg giiip ky thudt thuy dien Dai Ninh,
tri gid
12,6
tripu FRF.
58
NGHIEN

CCrU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°12 (135)2011
Nghi djnh
thic
ldi chinh ndm 1994 bao
gdm:
I)
Dy an cai tao
ludi
dipn thdnh pho
Hul giai doan
I,
tri gia 25 trieu FRF Dy dn
bdt ddu dugc triln khai vdo ndm
1996
vd
hoan thanh toan bd cdng tac tu van, mua sdm
vat tu thilt bj, xdy lap, nghipm thu vd ddng
dien vao thang
12/1999;
2) Dy an trg giup ky
thuat thuy dien Ban Mai, trj gid
18
tripu FRF
(sau chuyen thanh thuy dien Bdn Ld Nghp
An).
Nghi dinh thu Idi chinh ndm 1995: Dy
an tram
110

KV Kien Luang (Kien Giang),
trj gia 6.5 trieu FRF Tram dugc khai cdng
xay dyng vao ndm
1998
vd da hodn thdnh
nghiep thu ddng dien vdo ngdy 30/6/2001.
Nghi dinh thu Tdi chinh ndm
1996:
Cdi tao luai dien thj xd Thanh Hod, trj gid 43
trieu FRF.
- Nghi dinh thu Tdi chinh 1998: Dy dn
trung tdm dieu dp Mien Trung, trj gid 72
trieu FRF, dugc trien khai vdo ddu nam
1999,
den nay da hodn thdnh.
- Du dn dien khi hod ndng thdn mien
Nam,
sir dyng vdn vay cua co quan phdt trien
Phap (AFD). Dy dn dien khi hod ndng thdn
bao gdm 78 xd tai cdc tinh miln Nam, trj gid
phdn vdn vay AFD cua dy dn Id 19 tripu
EUR. Dy dn bdt dau triln khai thyc hien tir
ndm
2001
vd ket thiic ndm 2004.
Nhu vdy, long gid trj vdn ho trg phdt
trien chinh thirc md ngdnh dien dd dugc nhdn
tir chinh
phii
Phdp

din
nay khodng 202 tripu
FRF vd
19
trieu EUR. Nhin chung nhiing dy
an sir dyng vdn ODA
ciia
Phdp thdng qua
cdc Nghi djnh thu Tdi chinh Phdp Viet
diu
khd hipu qud vd ddng gdp mdt phdn quan
trgng vdo qud trinh phdt triln he thdng dien
Vipt Nam.
LTnh vuc gido
due
vd ddo tgo: Trong
chiln
luge
hgp tdc vl gido dye vd ddo tao
cua Cgng hod Phdp, Viet Nam
Id
nuac dugc
uu tien hdng dau tai khu vyc chdu A. Trong
thdp ky 80 vd nira dau thdp ky 90
ciia
the ky
XX, sy ho trg cua chinh phii Phdp tap trung
vdo ITnh vyc ngdn ngir, ddo tao ve tieng
Phdp,
khuyin khich

vice
hgc tieng Phdp d
Vipt Nam. Khi dd, ve ddo tao can bd khoa
hpc - ky thudt dd cd mdt sd dy dn Idn keo ddi
hon
10
ndm tir ndm
1982 din
ndm
1994.
Sau
hon
10
ndm boat ddng, ban 200 cdn bd gidng
day cua 3 trudng dai hgc Bach khoa Viet
Nam dd dugc di hgc tap nghien cim tai Phap.
Ndm
1992,
Trung tdm Phdp Viet ddo tao ve
qudn
ly
dugc thdnh lap tai trudng dai hpc
Kinh te qudc ddn Hd Ndi vd trudng dai hpc
Kinh tl thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Hdng nam,
kinh phi ddnh cho hai trung tdm ndy khodng
1,5 tripu FRF
Ndm 1995, Trung tdm ddo tao Ky thuat
vien
cao cdp ve Bdo duong cong nghiep
dugc thdnh

l^p
t^
trudng dai hgc Bdch khoa
TP.
Ho Chi Minh, moi ndm ddo tao khodng
100 hgc vien. Vdi tong kinh phi xdy dung
khodng 12 trieu FRF, boat dgng ddo tao cua
Trung tdm ddp ung dugc yeu cdu ngdy cdng
cao cua ngdnh cdng nghiep Viet Nam.
Kl tir ndm 1997 - thai dilm Hgi nghi
cdp cao ldn thur bdy cdc nuac ndi tiing Phap
dugc td chiic tai Hd Ngi, quan he hgp tdc vl
<Vaii ite
thu hul
ou sjk
duitg
59
gido dye mang mdt mdu sdc mai. Cdc dy dn
nghieng ddn vl ddo tao khoa hge ky thudt
cho Viet Nam. Chuong trinh ddo tao ky su
chat lupng cao da dugc hinh thdnh trong
khudn khd Nghj djnh thu giira hai ehinh phu
Viet Nam vd Cdng hod Phdp ky
kit
vdo
thang
11
ndm
1997.
Giira nam 2000, dk ho trg cho dl an ddo

tao can bd khoa hgc ky thudt Viet Nam dr
nudc ngodi bang ngdn sdch nhd nuac, Bd
Giao dye vd Ddo tao da ky ket vai dai
sii
quan Phdp
dr
Viet Nam bdn thod thudn ve dao
tao mdi nam khodng 50 tien sy vd tien sy
khoa hge vai dieu kipn uu ddi: mien hpc phi
vd
I id
trg bdo hiem xa hdi. Nam 2001 cd mdt
loat cdc dy an mai dugc tien hdnh. Thdng 6
nam 2001, thod thudn ve ho trg gidng day
tien^
Phdp a Viet Nam da dugc ky ket vdi
tdng kinh phi ban 13 tripu
FRF
Trong ndm
2003 da cd hai dy dn mdi dugc ky ket:
Thii
nhdt la dy an xdy dyng Trung tam ddo tao
Ky thudt vien cao cdp ve Bdo duong cdng
nghiep tai dai hgc Bdch khoa Hd Ndi vdi
tdng kinh phi hon 17 trieu FRF;
Thii
hai
Id
dy an hgp tdc ddo tao thanh tra vd edn bg
qudn ly gido dye vdi kinh phi khodng

11
trieu FRF Dy dn ndy se giiip ddo tao ban
800 thanh tra vien gido dye cho cdc ca sdr
gido dye - ddo tao cua 61 tinh, thdnh Viet
Nam.
Theo sy nhdt tri ciia hai chinh phu, trong
nam 2004, mdt trudng dai hgc Phdp dugc
ddu tu xdy dyng tai
TP
Hd Chi Minh. Vdi
nin
gido due dai hgc phdt triln vdo loai hdng
ddu
thi
giai, cdc sinh vien Viet Nam hgc tap
tai day se tilp thu dugc nhiing kiln thiire
khoa hgc cdng nghp hien dai, tien tiln nhdt.
III.
MOT
S6 DANH GIA VE ODA
CUA PHAP CHO VIET NAM VA QUAN
DIEM THU HUT VA
SU*
DVNG
ODA
CUA PHAP
1.
Nhihig ket qua dat dirge
Nguon von ODA
ciia

Phap thyc sy da
tra thdnh mpt ngudn vdn quan trpng gdp
phan bd sung, gidi quyet nhu eau vdn cho
ddu tu phdt trien xa hpi. Cung nha ed ngudn
vdn ODA ma cdc muc tieu phdt trien kinh te
xd hdi da dugc thuc hien. Ddi vai nhd tdi
trg Phdp, thdng qua 5
ITnh
vyc hgp tac: phap
luat vd chinh sdch; gido dye; nghien
ciiu
trao
ddi vdn hod vd chuyen giao cdng nghe; hd
t
1
\
r
trg chuong trinh chuyen ddi nen kinh te vd
xod ddi gidm ngheo, cdi thien dieu kien xa
hdi,
cac dy dn ODA cua Phdp da phat trien
sdu rdng vd da dang, dap
iing
tich eye qua
trinh phdt trien cua Viet Nam.
Mat khdc, ODA cita Phap ciing da gdp
phdn cdi
thi^n
vd phdt trien he thdng ca sd
hg tang kinh te Viet Nam. Trong nhiing nam

qua, cdc chuong trinh giao thdng ehu chdt
cua
nin
kinh te da dugc thye hien bang
ngudn vdn ODA cua Phdp. Dac biet, can
phdi ndi tdi sy trg giiip tren ea sdr hai ben
ciing cd lgi cua Phdp ddi vai sy phdt trien
cua ngdnh hdng khdng ddn dyng. Trong sd
cdc dy dn ODA cua ngdnh hdng khdng, sd
lupng cdc dy an cua Phdp
Id
ldn nhdt.
Ngudn vdn ODA cua Phdp cdn giiip cdi
thien ca sd hg tdng xd hdi. Ve myc
Xieu
phdt
60
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°12 (135).2011
trien ndng
nghidp
vd ndng Ihdn dd cd nhieu
chuang trinh, dy dn hgp tdc vai Phdp dem lai
nhCi:ng ddng gdp dang kc cho ngdnh ndng
nghiep Viet Nam vd gdp phan xod ddi gidm
ngheo. Do dugc xdy dyng tren ca so cd
nhCrng hieu
biet

khd rd vc ITnh vyc ndng
nghiep vd ndng thdn a Vict Nam nen cdc dy
an tai trg
eiia
Phap Ihudng chuan ve muc lieu
va cd hieu qua kha cao.
Cudi ciing, nhdr cd ho trg ky thudt
ciia
Phap ma Vict Nam dd ndng cao dugc ndng
luc qudn ly cung nhu trinh do chuyen mdn
cua dgi ngii cdn bd. Cdc hd trg ndy bao gdm
ede dy an hudn luyen vd ddo tao chuyen mdn
nhdm giiip cho viec tao ngudn nhdn lye cd
trinh dp chuyen mdn cao ddng gdp vdo sy
phdt trien kinh te xa hdi eua Viet Nam;
Chuong trinh cir chuyen gia nhdm giiip cho
Viet Nam cd the dieu tra, nghien cim tim ra
ede gidi phdp ndng eao hieu qud
nin
kinh tl;
Cac dy dn cung cap thiet bj vd vdt lipu
kit
hgp vai viec eu chuyen gia Phdp.
2.
Nhirng ton tai
Ben canh nhiing ket qud dat dugc, cd
the thdy thyc te thu
hiit
vd sir dyng ODA cua
Phap thdri gian qua cdn tdn tai mgt sd ban

che - bat cap, cu the nhu sau: Tdc dg gidi
ngdn ddi vai cdc dy dn sir dung ODA qua
cdc ndm ed tdng len nhung van cdn qud
chdm.
Ngodi ra, quy trinh thu tuc qud rudm rd,
phuc tgp chdng cheo ciing tdc dgng khong
nhd tai tinh hinh thu hut vd su dyng ODA.
Nghj djnh
17/2001/ND-CP
da quy dinh quy
trinh tuong doi cy the, song van chua gidi
quylt tript de tinh chdng cheo vl quy trinh
thu tyc do tinh thilu ro rdng trong phdn djnh
chiic ndng, nhipm vy giira cdc ca quan quan
ly
nhd nu6c. Hon niira, bdt ngudn
tii
nhirng
ylu kdm co bun trong cdng tdc hoach djnh
chiln
luge,
quy trinh vd ke hoach nen boat
dgng cdi cdch gidm bdrt
thii
tuc van chua thyc
sy dem lai hipu qua.
Sic dung ODA d mot sd chuang Irinh,
du dn cdn ldng phi, hieu qud chua cao. Tren
thyc te cd nhung dy dn chiing ta tiep nhdn
nhung do chua du kinh nghiem bode vdi

vdng nen khdng tinh bet cdc yeu td cu the
cua ddc diem tinh hinh kinh te xa hdi, dja
ly, khi hdu cua nuac ta nen hieu qud phat
huy khdng nhung chua cao md hdu qud tac
ddng ve
Idu
ve ddi cdn cd the rdt ldn. Ve ldng
phi thudng xdy ra a cdc dy dn ho trg ky thuat
(ddc bipt
Id
cdc dy an tdng cudng ndng lyc),
the hien a cho ldng phi trong ehi tieu, trong
sir dung
kit
qud dy dn hodc trong qua trinh
\
f
I
,
%
dieu phdi Ddi vdi dy dn vdn vay, cd the gpi
Id ldng phi khi tien dg thyc hien bj chdm xet
dudi gdc dg tdc dgng ve mat kinh tl- xa
hgi
3.
Quan diem thu
hiit
va siir dung
ODA cua Phap
t^i

Vi|t
Nam trong thoi
gian
Xixx
Mgt
Id,
thuc ddy todn dien quan he Viet
Nam - Cgng hoa Phdp, tao
nin
tdng vd sy tin
tudng lan nhau giira hai qudc gia Ld ddi tdc
dugc Phdp chli y quan tdm trong cdc nuac
Ddng Nam A, Vipt Nam cdn coi day Id ca
hgi ldn thu hut ODA tir Phdp.
(Vdit
de
tliu
hut
ou ui
dtiitg
61
Hai la, thyc hipn chiln luge thu
hiit
vd
sir dung hipu qua: Truac
hit Id
phdi phu hgp
vai kl hoaeh tai ca cdu kinh tl
ciia
minh vd

phii
hgp vai xu
thi
phdt triln
ciia
cac
i
ha tdi
trg dac biet Id Phdp. Ddng thdri nen phdn bd
eac ngudn vdn ndy cho hgp
ly.
Dae biet, Viet
Nam can thyc hien day
dii
cdc cam
kit
sau:
tien hanh cdng khai boa chinh sach; thye
hien chuyen ddi doanh nghiep nhd nuac;
tang cudng ODA hon niia vao phdt trien con
ngudi; cdi cdch boat ddng he thdng ngan
hang tdi chinh, xem xet lai ehinh sdch thue,
eai thien mdi trudng ddu tu; tap tnmg phat
triln ndng thdn, xod ddi gidm ngheo; thu
hiit
va
s ir
dyng
ODA
cua Phdp nhung

ludn
phdi
tinh den phuang an trd ng trong tuong lai ddi
vdi nhCing khodn vay ed lai.
Ha
la, hodn thien he thdng td chiic qudn
ly: Cii tien cdng tdc ddu thdu vd sau ddu
thdu; Day manh cdng tdc theo doi, kiem tra,
giam sdt vd ddnh gid dy dn; Chudn bj tdt
cdng tdc den
bii
gidi phdng mat bdng.
Tai
li^u
tham khao
1.
Cdc ddi tdc hop tdc phdt triin cua
Viet
Nam.
Hd sa cdc chuang trinh phdt triin.
Bp Kl hoach vd Ddu tu (MPI) hgp tdc vai
Chuang trinh Phdt triln
ciia
Lien hgp qudc
(UNDP),
Hd
Ngi, 1999.
2.
Dua quan he ddi tdc vdo hogt ddng
tgi Viet Nam. Bdo cdo cua Hdi nghi Tu vdn

cua cdc nhd tdi trg cho Viet Nam, thdng
12/2001.
3.
Hd Thi Nggc Oanh, Hd trg phdt
triin chinh thiec (ODA) - Nhieng hiiu biit ca
bdn vd thuc tien d Viet Nam, NXB Giao
Dye,
nam 2000.
4.
Ke hogch thu hut vd van ddng ODA
Phdp. Tdi lipu
ciia
Bd Ke hoach vd Dau tu,
nam 2002.
5.
Nghi dinh Chinh
phii
ve ban hdnh
quy che qudn ly vd sic dung ngudn hd trg vd
phdt triin chinh thiec - So
17/2001/ND-CP
ngdy 04 thdng 05 nam
2001.
6. Nghi dinh Chinh
phii
ve ban hdnh
quy che qudn ly vd sir dung ngudn hd trg vd
phdt triin chinh thitc - Sd
136/2006/ND-CP
ngdy 09 thdng

11
ndm 2006 (thay
thi
Nghj
djnh sdi
7/2001/ND-CP).
7.
Quan he kinh ti Viet - Phdp, dac san
eua bdo Ddu tu.
8. Quy hogch ODA giai dogn 2006-
2010. Bdo cdo
ciia
Bd
KI
hoach vd Dau tu.
9. Tdng kit tinh hinh thu hut vd sic
dung
ODA
phuc vu su nghiep phdt trien kinh
te - xd hdi trong thdi gian qua vd
die
kien
trong thdi gian tdi. Bdo eao cua Bd Ke
hoach vd Ddu tu.
10.
Tdng kit tinh hinh thu hiit tiep nhdn
vd thuc hien ODA cua Phdp. Bdo cdo
ciia
Bg
KI

hoach vd Ddu tu.
11.
Viet Nam: Quan he ddi tdc phuc vu
phdt triin. Bdo cdo khdng chinh thiic tai Hdi
nghi Nhdm Tu vdn cdc nhd Tdi trg cho Viet
Nam,
HdNdi,
thdng 12/2003.
12.
Vu Kinh te Ddi ngoai, Bd Ke hoach
vd Dau tu. Bdn tin ODA: sd 32
(31/05/2009),
sd
33 (30/11/2009), sd 34 (31/05/2010), sd
35
(30/11/2010),
sd 36
(31/05/2011).