Mức độ và biểu hiện lo âu về mặt cơ thể ở nữ cán bộ giáo viên trường cao đẳng bắc hà

DAOTAOVIHIMIILmillEIIlM

SO 5/2018

MUfCflOVA BIEU HIEN LO AU VE MAT Cd THE
a Nir CAN BO GlAO VIEN TRlTifNG CAO D A N G BAC H A
Nguyin Thi Van*; Dinh Khanh Thu**
Tom tat:
" '
Thong qua phuang phap phong v^n, ti§n hanh tong hp'p thong tin cua cac d6i tup'ng nghidn
cuu ve nghe nghipp, do tuoi, hon nh§n, thu nh§p, gia canh, benh ly... khang djnh nhi>ng yeu to n^y
d§ anh hu'ong tdi mOfc d0 lo au cCia giao vien, dong thai thong qua dieu tra bang bang hoi thu du'p'c
dac diem cac bilu hi^n lo au ve m|t co the cua nu can bp giao vien Truong Cao dang Bac Ha xuat
hien vdi tan s6 cao a muc dp 2 va rai rac 6 mirc 66 3 va 4.
TCr khoa: Lo au ve m0t co the, nu can bO giao vien, Trudng Cao dang Bac Ha.
Worrying level and expression through body of female teachers in Bac Ha College
Summary:
Using interviewing, the research synthesizes data of people regarding job, age, marriage,
income, background, clinical record... claims that these factors affect teachers' level of worry, at
the same time, using questionnaire indicates that the features of worrying expression through body
of female teachers in Bac Ha Collegeappear frequently at second level and sometimes at third and
fourth level
Keywords: Worry expression through body, female teachers, Bac Ha College

flATVANflE
Lo au duoc dinh nghia la viec luon co nhung
y tudng tieu cue ve tuong lai, la hien tupfng
phan ling tu nhien cua con nguoi trudc nhiing
kho khan va cac moi de dpa cua tu nhien, xa hoi
ma con ngudi phai tim each vugt qua, ton tai,
hudng tdi. Cac nha khoa hpc cho rang mudi

phSn tram (10%) lo au, cang tha rg la can thiet
cho mpt ngudi binh thudng, nhimg nhimg nguoi
bi cang tha ig qua miic kho c6 the tap trung vao
cong viec, hpc tap, bi giam tri nhd, luc nao hp
ciing cam thay met moi, chan nan... Lo au cd 2
loai bieu hien do la bieu hien ve mat co the va
bieu hien ve cam xiic
Lo au tdn tai d mpi liia tuoi, nhung vdi d6i
tuong la phu nii thi kha nang xu4t hien lo au tir
ap luc ve cupc song, ve gia djnh, con cai, cong
viec la r4t Idn. Nghien cuu vi thuc h-ang lo au,
tim ra giai phap giam thieu lo au d phu nii la vdn
dk cap thik ddi vdi nii can bp giao vien Trudng
Cao ding Bac Ha.
.
"CN, Trudng Cao dang Bic Ha
**PGS TS, Trudng fiai hpc TDTT Bac Ninh

PHirUNG PHAP NGHIEN CUfU
Trong qua trinh nghien ciiu, chung toi da su
dung cac phuong phap sau: Phuong phap phan
tich va tong hgp tai lieu, phuong phap quan sat
su pham, phuang phap phong van toa dam,
phuong phap dieu tra bang bang hdi va phuang
phap toan hpc thong ke.
Phuong phap dieu tra bang bang hoi: Chiing
toi sii dung bang tong hpp danh gia Tram cam,
Lo au va Stress va bang danh gia lo au Zung
(William W.K. Zung. A rating instrument for
anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics, 1971) do

Vien Siic khoe tam than Quoc gia cong bo, chia
thanh cac giai doan: Xac dinh npi dung bang
hoi; Danh gia dp tin cay va xii ly so lieu; Hoan
thien bang hdi va tiSn hanh diSu tra chinh thiic
miic dp lo au cua nii can bp giao vien Trudng
Cao ding BSc Ha
Sau khi phan tich he s6 Cronbach's Alpha
dk xac dinh miic dp phu hgp ciia thang do
ludng. Trong tit ca cac phep do, dki thoa man
niiic gia tri cua Alpha > 0,8 (thang do ludng t6t),


BAI BAO KHOA HOC
chiing toi ti8p tuc tinh diem trung bmh (Mean)
qua thang do Likert 5 lua chpn de xac dinh dp
tap trung y kien eiia cac chuyen gia. Ket qua 20
cau hoi cua thang danh gia Tram cam, Lo au va
Stress cung nhu 20 cau hoi cua Thang do lo au
Zung dSu phu hop sii dung trong phong van
miic dp va bieu hien lo au nir can bp giao vien
Trudng Cao dang Bac Ha.
- Thang do Trim cam, Lo au va Stress gom
20 cau vdi 4 miic diem, dupe tinh bang each
cong diem cac de muc thanh phan, roi nhan he
so 2.
0 diem: Khong diing vdi toi chiit nao ca
1 di8m: Diing vdi toi phan nao, hoac thinh
thoang mdi diing
2 diem: Diing vdi toi phan nhieu, hoac phan
Idn thdi gian la diing

3 diem: Hoan toan diing vdi toi, hoac hau het
thdi gian la diing
Mu-cdo
Binh thuong
Nhe
Vira
Nang
Rat nang

Tram cam (D) Lo au (A) Stress
Depression Anxiety
(S)
0-9
10-13
14-20
21-27
>28

0-7
8-9
10-14
15-19
>20

0-14
15-18
19-25
26-33
>34

- Thang do lo au Zung bao gom 20 cau, moi
cau CO 4 miic dp:
Khong CO (1 diem): Khong cam thiy ap luc,
cang thang, lo lang
Doi khi (2 diem): Co lo ling nhung rat it
Phan Idn thdi gian (3 diem): Cang thing, h6t
hoang; co the khien chu the giat minh khi nhd ra;
hoac thudng xuyen nhd den van de gay cang thang
- Hau hk thdi gian (4 diSm): S6t rupt, cang
thing, hot hoang, khong ro la minh dang lo vi
van de gi; khong lam chu duac cam xiic - di cau
gat; de buon phien, suy sup;
Thang lo au Zung g6m 20 cau hoi, trong do
cac cau hoi 6,7,8,10,11,14,15,16,17,18 danh gia
bieu hien lo au ve mat co th§. Cac cau con lai
danh gia ve mat cam xiic.

KET qUA NGHIEN CUfUVA BAN LUAN
1. Dgc diem cac yeu to anh hu-ang den
mii-c do lo au cua nu' can bo giao vien
Tru'O'ng Cao dang Bac Ha

Trudc khi danh gia miic dp lo au cua nu can
bp giao vien Trudng Cao ding Bic Ha, chiing toi
da tiln hanh phdng vin dk tdng hgp thong tm ciia
cac d6i tugng nghien ciiu nham xac dinh cu the
dac di^m nhung y8u to cd the anh hudng den miic
dp lo au cua ngudi dugc hoi. Cu the vd doi tugng
dugc phong vin. Ket qua khao sat cho thay:
- Trudng Cao ding Bic Ha cd 49 giao vien nii,

trong do CO 25 can bp lam d cac phong ban
nghiep vu chi8m ti le 51 % va 24 giao vien giang
day chuyen mon chiSm ti le 49%. Nhu vay, ti le
giiia khoi can bp va giang vien la tuong duong la
di6u kien thuan lgi cho sir phat trien nha trudng.
- vk dp tuoi: 6 nhdm < 35 tuoi co 16 ngudi
chigm 32.7%. Doi vdi phu nir day la nhdm dang
d trong dp tuoi sinh nd, it nhieu co anh hudng
din cong viec vi phai sinh con va nuoi con nho.
CJ nhom 36 tuoi - 45 tuoi cd 29 ngudi chiem ti
le 59.1% day la nhom tuoi c6 so lugng dong
nhat, dong thdi cGng la nhdm tuoi d giai doan
CO tiem nang phat trien nhat trong su nghiep.
- Ve tinh trang hon nhan: Tinh trang hon
nhan ciing la 1 yeu to anh hudng den miic dp lo
au ciia phu nii. Trong 49 can bp giao vien co 40
ngudi da ket hon chiem ti le 81.6%, chi con 9
ngudi don than chiem ti le 18.4%
Ve tong thu nhap theo thang (ke ca lam
them): So can bp giao vien cd thu nhap 5 trieu 8 trieu/thang chiem ti le Idn nhat vdi 30 ngudi,
chilm ti le 61.2%. S6 ngudi co thu nhap > 8
trieu xip thii 2 vdi 10 ngudi, chilm ti le 20.4%
va so ngudi c6 thu nhap <5 trieu xip thii 3 la 9
ngudi chilm ti le 18.4%. Thu nhap ciing la 1 yiu
to anh hudng den miic dp lo au ciia phu nu, do
vay, nhin vao thu nhap ciia nii can bp giao vien
Trudng Cao dang Bac Ha cho thay miic thu
nhap tuong doi on dinh d ngudng trung binh. So
ngudi thu nhap < 5 trieu tap trung vao nhiing
ngudi chua ket hon, con thu nhap >5 trieu la

nhiing ngudi da c6 gia dinh.
- Ve so ngudi phu thupc giam tru gia canh:
Do la nhiing ngudi ma nii can bp giao vien phai
nuoi vi khong thu nhap hoac thu nhap <1 trieu
nhu con, cha me....chii yeu tap tnmg vao thanh
phan nuoi 2 con nho hoac d vdi bo me gia vdi
33 ngudi chilm ti le 67.3%. S6 ngudi nuoi 1 con
nhd la 14 ngudi chilm ti le 28.6%. Dac biet co
2 ngudi phai giam tni gia canh cho 3 ngudi


OAOTAOViHIMNlUVQinillUO

SO 5/2018

it^nr

Yoga la mdn the thao dyvc dong dao can bo, giao vien lira chon tap luyen de "giij dang" va
giam can

chiem ti le 4.1%. Ket qua thong ke cho thiy nhin
chung tinh trang hon nhan gia dinh ciia nii can
bp giao vien d miic binh thudng.
Ve tinh trang benh ly: Khong co can bp giao
vien nao mac benh man tinh phai thudng xuyen
dieu tri. So ngudi mac benh man tinh nhe nhu
tim mach, ho hap, npi tiet cd 15 ngudi, chilm
30.6%, da sd can bp giao vien nu cd siic khde
tot CO 34 ngudi, chiem ti le 69.4%
Tir nhirng thong tin ca nhan eua nii can bp

giao vien Trudng Cao dang Bac Ha chiing tdi
thay rang cd 1 sd yeu to de anh hudng tdi miic
dp lo au cua giao vien do la: Thu nhap chua that
su dii de dam bao cho ban than va sd ngudi hi

giam tru gia canh song de chiu. Ban viec gia
dinh va cham soc con cai. Bat dau mac 1 so loai
benh anh hudng den siic khoe.
2. Ti le va mirc do lo au cf nCe can bo giao
vien Tru'O'ng Cao dang Bac Ha

De giai quyet van de tren, chiing toi da lap 2
bang hoi doi vdi cac nii can bp giao vien Nha
trudng. Do cac bieu hien ciia lo au - Tram cam
~ Stress tuong doi giong nhau, vi vay, chiing toi
lap bang so 1 nham tim ra nhimg can bp giao
vien mac chiing lo au thong qua Bang tong hpp
danh gia Lo au - Tram cam - Stress do Vien Tam
than Quoc gia eong bo.

Bang 1. Ket qua dieu tra ve mipc dp Tram cam, Lo au va Stress
cua nCp can bp giao vien Tru'O'ng Cao dang Bac Ha (n = 49)
Mirc do
Binh thuong
Nhe
Vira
Nang
Rat nang

Tram cam

m.
38
77.60
7
14.30
4
8.16
0
0.00
0
0.00

%

Nhin bang thong ke ehiing ta co the thay siic
khoe tam than cua nu can bp giao vien Trudng
Cao dang Bac Ha con ton tai nhieu van de. Ve
miic dp tram cam va stress khong co ai mac d
miic nang den rat nang, tuy nhien so ngudi cd
bilu hien lo au lai Idn hon rat nhieu. Tir miic nhe
din miic nang co 16 ngudi, chilm ti le 32.7%.
S6 ngudi binh thudng chi chilm 67.3%. Co thi
thiy ro rang so lugng ngudi mac chiing lo au
nhe thip hon chiit it, nhung miic vira din nang

Lo au
mi

33
5

8
1
2

Stress

%

67.30
10.20
16.30
2.10
4.10

mi

40
6
3
0
0

%

81.60
12.20
6.20
0.00
0.00

va rat nang cao hem rat nhieu so vdi tram cam
va stress.
3. Bleu hien lo au ve mat c c the cua nCr
can bp giao vi&n mac chirng lo au (theo
thang do lo au Zung)

Sau khi thong ke sd ngudi mac chiing lo au,
chiing tdi tiln hanh su dung bang 2 (bang Zung) dl
danh gia dac diem va ty le cac bilu hien lo au vl
mat CO the cua nhom mac hpi chiing lo au (16
ngudi) so vdi nhiing ngudi binh thudng (33 ngudi).


BAI BAO KHOA HOC
Bang 2. ThiPC trang dac diem bieu hien lo au ve mat ccr the a nOr can b5 giao vien
fru'crng Cao dang Bac Ha (nhom BT n=33; nhom lo au n=16)
P h a n I d n thori
gian 3 d

D S i Idii 2 d

K h S n g CO I d
Cau
hoi

Nhom BT

Nhom
lo Su

f

lo a u

6

Tay va chan lac
lu, run len

32 97.00

8 50.00

7

Dau dau, dau
CO, dau lung

21 63.60

3

so

mi

% mi % mi %

8

Yeu va met moi 22 66.70

10

Tim dap nhanh

Nhom
loSu

N h i m BT

mi

Nhom
lo Su

Nh6m BT

% mi %

mi

H ^ u h i t thisi
gian 4d
Nhom
BT

Nhom
lo au

% mi % ml %

50.00

0

0.00

0

0.00

0

0

0

0

11 68.80

0

0,00

2

12.50 0

0

0

0

5 31 30 11 33.30

11 68.80

0

0.00

0

0,00

0

0

0

0

18.80 13 39.40

12 75.00

1

3.03

1

6.30

0

0

0

0

1

3 00

18,80 12 36,40

8

19 57.60

3

11

H o a mat chong
mat

27 81.80

6 37,50

6

18,20

8

50.00

0

0.00

1

6.30

0

0

1 6.30

14

Te buot, n h u co
kien bo a d i u
ngon tay, n g o n
chan

28 84.90

6 37 50

5

15,20

9

56.30

0

0.00

I

6 30

0

0

0

0

15

Dau da day, day
31 93 90
bung

7 43,80

2

6.10

8

50,00

0

0.00

1

6,30

0

0

0

0

16

Luon can phai
di tieu

28 84.90

4 25,00

4

12.10

6

37.50

1

3 00

5

31,30 0

0

1 6.30

17

Ban tay k h o va
nong

20 60.60

1

6,30

8

24.20

5

31.30

5

15.20

7

43,80 0

0

3

18 8

18

Mat n o n g va do

21 63.60

1

6 30

12 36.40

13 81.30

0

0.00

2

12,50 0

0

0

0

0.45

1.14

Diem trung binh

0.13

0 75

0,06

0.38

0

0.13

S u k h a c biet

t

3.45

2,69

4 39

1,56

th6i ig k e (t tir
1.9 6 - 3 , 2 9 )

P

<0.001

<0 01

<0,001

>0,05

Bieu hien ve mat ca the cua ngudi mac
chiing lo au ve mat co the gom chan tay lie lu,
cam thay boi roi hoang sp; mat nong va do; te
budt dau ngon chan tay; dau dau chong mat, tim
dap nhanh... ket qua duoc thong ke qua bang 2.
Thii nhat: Cac bieu hien lo au ve mat co the
ciia 2 nhom d miic khong cam th4y ap luc, cang
thang, lo lang (1 diem).
Qua thong ke c6 thi thay d nhom nhiing
ngudi binh thudng tuy cac chi s6 khong dat
100% miic dp khong bieu hien nhung cao han

rkt nhilu so vdi ti le cua nhiing ngudi mic
khoang 40%. Sir khac biet thi hien qua dilm
trung binh nhom binh thudng dat 0,75 dilm cao
hon nhieu so vdi nhom lo au d miic 0.13 dilm,
dat dp tm cay thong ke d miic rkt cao vdi t =
3.45vaP<0.001.

Thii hai: Xet cac bieu hien lo au ve mat ca
the ciia 2 nhom d ngudng doi khi mac (2 diem)
O nhom lo au bieu hien ro nhat la Mat nong
va do vdi ti le mSc la 81.3%; tilp theo la Tim
dap nhanh vdi ti le 75%; Thu 3 va thii 4 la Dau
dau, dau CO, dau lung, Yeu va met moi vdi ti le
mic la 68.8%; Thii 5 la Te bult, nhu co kiln bo
d dau ngon tay, ngdn chan chiem ti le gan 60%;
Thu 6,7,8 la Hoa mlt chong mat, Tay va chan
lac lu, run len va Dau da day, day bung (50%).
Cuoi cung la Luon can phai di tieu va Ban tay
kho va nong chilm ti le <40%. So vdi nhom
binh thudng, nhom lo au cd cac bieu hien each
biet khoang 30% - 50% so vdi nhom binh
thudng. Sir khac biet giiia 2 nhom thi hien qua
dilm trung binh chung cua nhom binh thudng
chi la 0.45 dilm thip hon nhilu so vdi 1.14 diem


BMTAOVAHUANUIYBIIWnUO

SO 5/2018

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1
0.8

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0.6

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• Doi khi
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0.4
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0
Nhom BT

Nhomloau

Bieu do 1. Bieu do so sanh diem trung binh cac bieu hien c a the
cua nhom binh thu'O'ng va nhom lo au

d nhom lo au, dat do tin cay thong ke d ngudng
P<0.01.
Thii ba: Cac bieu hien ve lo au ve mat co the
d ngudng mac phan Idn thdi gian (3 diem)
Sang den miic dp 3, d nhom binh thudng so
ngudi CO cac bieu hien giam ban, chi con 1 so
bieu hien vdi miic rat thap - 7 bieu hien khdng
ai mac, 2 bieu hien chi cd 1 ngudi mac va 1 bieu
hien CO 5 ngudi mac. Tuy nhien d nhom lo au
van cdn 8/10 bieu hien cd ngudi mac va chi cd

2 bieu hien khong co ngudi mac. Sir khac biet
ve diem duoc the hien ro: Nhom binh thudng
chi la 0.06 diem so vdi nhom lo au la 0.38 diem,
dat dp tin cay thong ke rat cao d ngudng xac
suit t - 4.39 vdi P< 0.001.
Thii tu: Cac bieu hien ve co the d ngudng
mac hau het thdi gian (4 diem).
Day la ngudng mac rat nang, qua so lieu
nghien ciiu cho thiy, d ngudng 4, nhom binh
thudng khong ai co bat ky dau hieu cua bieu
hien co the niia trong khi van con xuat hien d
nhom lo au vdi 3/10 bieu hien ciia 5 ngudi mac.
Tuy nhien su khac biet thong ke ve diem giiia 2
nhom chua co y nghia vdi nhdm binh thudng la
0 dilm so vdi nhom lo au la 0.13 dilm P>0.05.

phan Idn thdi gian hoac hau het thdi gian. Co
the thay ro qua bieu do ve diem trung binh cac
miic tii 1 - 4 cua 2 nhom nhu sau:
KET LUAN
Phan tich thong tin ca nhan cua nu can bp
giao vien Trudng Cao dang Bac Ha cho thay,
cac chi so nghe nghiep, dp tuoi, hon nhan, thu
nhap, gia canh, benh ly ciia doi tupng xet theo
mat bang chung d ngudng binh thudng, de bi
tdn thuong neu c6 dot bien say ra.
Qua dieu tra 49 can bp giao vien nii xuat hien
ti le ngudi bi mac bieu hien lo au tu miic nhe
din miic nang la 32.7% cao hon nhieu so vdi
nhiing sd lieu chiing toi tim thay tren the gidi

(khoang 15% - 20%). Cac bieu hien benh ve co
the tap trung nhieu nhat d miic dp 2 (doi khi
mac) va 1 so bieu hien nang d miic dp 3, giam
dan d miic dp 4.

TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Bang phan loai quoc te lan thii 10 ve cac
rdi loan tam than va hanh vi, Geneva, 1992.
2. Nguyen Thanh Huong va cac cong su
(2008), Mpt so yeu to nguy ca dan den lo du vd
tram cam, Trudng Dai hpc y te cong cong.
3. Nguyen Minh Tuan (2002), fioi/oa«/o aw,
Tir ket qua nghien ciiu tren, co the thay rang ^dc rdi loan tdm thdn chdn dodn vd diiu tri,
doi vdi nhom lo au cac bieu hien ve co the tap ^^^^ y hoc
trung nhilu nhat d miic dp 2 (doi khi mac) va 1
4. Ho Thu Yen, (2012), Nghien ciiu dac diem
s6 bilu hien nang d miic dp 3, giam dan d miic
lam sang cac bieu hien co the cua rdi loan tram
dp 4. Con d nhom binh thudng, hau het tap trung
cam d phu nii dp tuli 45-59, Ludn vdn CKII.
d miic khdng c6 bieu hien lo au, so it mac cac
bilu hien benh d miic nhe, khong c6 ai mic
(Bai nop ngay 8/10/2018. Phan bien ngay 11/10/2018, duyet in ngay 25/10/2018
Chju trach nhiem chinh: Dinh Khanh Thu
Email: )