Thực trạng năng lực cảm xúc xã hội của lứa tuổi vị thành niên

Thifc trang nang IUc cam xuc - xa hpi
cua liJa tudi vi tlianli nien
Tran Thj Tu Anh', Dinh Thj Hong Van^
Nguyen PhiTdc Cat Tilffng^ Dau Minh Long^
' Email, tuanh tran@yahoo,com
' Email:
3 Email'
* Email'
TnJdng Oai hoc Sd pliam - Oai hgc Hue
34 Le Ldi, thanh pho Hue, Viet Nam

TOM TAT: Nang lUc cam xuc - xa hot duac xem la nen ting cho sdc khoe va
su thanh cong eua con ngUdi. Vdi tre vi thanh nien, nang life cim xuc - xa hoi
cing die biet quan trgng bdi xuat phit td die diem Ida tuoi, nhu ciu ve mdi
quan he xa hgi tang cae va ddi sdng earn xuc co nhieu bien ddi phdc tap. Bii
bio trinh bay ket qua nghien edu thuc trang nang lue cim xuc - xi hgi cda
1250 hge sinh Idp 8 vi tdp 9 cCia 8 trUdng trung hoc ed sd thuoc 4 tinh. gom
Ninh Binh. Quing Tn, Thda Thien Hue vi Tiin Giang. Nghien edu sd dung
bing hoi ve nang tUc cam xue • xa hgi do Zhou va Ee (2012) xay dUng. Ket
qui cho thay trd vi thanh nien tren dia bin nghien eUu eo nang IUc cim xuc •
xa hgi phit trien d mdc tren trung binh vi khong dong deu giOa cic thanh to
ciia ning iUe. Ket qua nghien edu da cung cap nhiing thong tin hOu fch, dinh
hudng eho vi$c xiy dung cie chUdng trinh phit trien ning lUe cam xuc - xa
hoi cho tre vi thinh nien trong thdi gian tdi.
T Q KHOA: Nang li/c cam xuc - xa hpi; ra quyet tftnh co trach nhiem; tif nhan thulc; til qudn li;
nhan thi^c xa hoi; thiet lap va duy tri quan he xa hpi.
-> Nhai baM0/6/ZO19 • * Nhan ket qua phan bien va chinh sto 20/8/2019 -^ Duyet (Jang 25/9/2019.

1. Dat van de

Theo To chiic Hop tac ve hoc tap cac mon van hoa hpc

duong, xa hoi va cam xuc (Collaborative for Academic,
Social, and Emotional Leaming - CASEL), nang lire (NL)
cam xuc - xa hgi (CXXH) la tap hop nhiing NL giiip tre
ling xu- voi chinh minh, vcti ngirai khae, cac moi quan he va
hoat dong mpt each hieu qua (CASEL, 2003). NL CXXH
gom 5 NL thanh phan, do la: Ttr nhan thijc, tu quan li, nhan
thiic xa hpi, thiet lap va duy tri quan he xa hoi, ra quyet dinh
CO trach nhiem. NL CXXH dirge xem la nSn tang cho sire
khoe va su thanh cong ciia con nguoi. Vai tre vi thanh men
(VTN), NL CXXH cang dac biet quan trong boi xuat phat
rtr dac diem liia tuoi, nhu cau ve moi quan he xa hpi tang
cao va doi song cam xiic co nhieu bien doi phiic tap. NL
CXXH giup xay dung moi truong hpe duong yeu thuong,
gop phan giam thieu hanh vi gay han, bao lire, ngan ehan
nhirng that bai trong hoc tap va nang cao sir hai long cho
tre VTN. Chinh vi vay, hinh thanh va phat triln NL CXXH
cho tre VTN dugc xem la huong phong ngira moi hien nay,
dupc danh gia la kha hiju hieu trong viec giam thieu cac van
de vg siic khoe tam thin a lua tu6i nay (Sklad, Diekstra, de
Ritter, Ben, 2012). Bai viet nay trinh bay ket qua nghien
cuu thirc trang NL CXXH cua tre VTN, tu' do xae dinh
nhimg ca so thuc tien can thiet de xay dung cac chuang
trinh phat tri6n NL CXXH cho cac em.
2. Npi dung nghien cufu
2.1. Khach the va phiTdng phap nghien cihi

Khach thS nghien ciiu g6m 1250 hgc smh (HS) ldp 8 va
lap 9 ctia 8 trucmg trung hpc co sa (THCS) tren dia ban 4

tinh Ninh Binh, Quang Tri, Thira Thien Hue va Tien Giang.

Mau dupc chpn theo phuong phap ngau nhien. Phucmg
phap dieu tra bang bang hoi dugc sir dung de thu thap dii
lieu. Nghien curu sir dung bang hoi ve NL CXXH (Social
Emotional Competence Questionnaire - SECQ) do Zhou va
Ee (2012) xay dung. SECQ dugc chpn sii dung do khung If
thuyet cua no phii hgp voi ca so li luan cua nghien ciiu nay.
Thang do gom 25 cau hoi, dugc thiet ke theo thang Likert
6 bac, tir 1 (hoan toan khong dung vai toi) den 6 (rSt diing
voi toi). SECQ dugc Viet hoa va kiem djnh ve do tin cay,
tinh hieu lire tren mau tre VTN Viet Nam. Ket qua kiem
dinh cho thiy SECQ co dp tin cay cao (Cronbach anpha la
0,84), CO th6 thu thap nhimg thong tin khach quan ve van
de nghien ciiu.
2.2. Ket qua nghien citu va ban luan
2.2.1. Mile dp phat trien chung cua nang li/c cam xuc - xa hpi

Truoc het, chimg toi tim hieu thuc trang cua cac NL thanh
ph3n cua NL CXXH va NL CXXH chung. Kat qua dugc
trinh bay trong Bang 1,
Bang 1 : ThUc trang NL CXXH cDa tre VTN

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1
1

NL til nhan thiic

1250

4,53

0,77

2

NL tli quan li

1250

3,82

0,85

3

NL nhan thiic xa hoi

1250

3,82

0,92

So 21 thing 9/2019

39


' r nJLtuquan
va NL ra quyet dinh co trach nhiem; thap nhat la n ^^ ^^^
h va ka tiap la NL nhan thiic xa hpi. Y k to vS" "

^^
4
NL thiet lap va duy tri quan he
1250
4,27
0,79
la nguyen nhan cua sir khae biat kk U-en. Nhung "§
xa hoi
I tuong lai can lam ro vin dS nay.
4,21
5
NL ra quyet fiinh CO trach
1250
0,79
Su dung t-test eho hai nhom dgc lap cho thay co6 nhieu sir
NLCXXH
nhiem
khae biet co y nghTa trong miic phat trian cua Nl^
Chung va Clia cac NL thanh phdn giira HS riam va HS nu,
4,13
0,58
NL CXXH Chung
1250
6
nhu dugc trinh bay trong Bang 2. Co tha thay, tre VTN n&
(Ghi chii: N^ So VTN; DTB= Diem trung binh; I< DTB CO miic phat triln cao han a NL nhan thiic _xa hgi, NL thiet
DLC— Do lech chudn) lap va duy tri quan he xa hpi, NL ra quyat dinh c6 trach
•hiem va NL CXXH chung. Diau dang lim y ladii NL nh|n
Kat qua tir Bang 1 cho thay, xet trong toan mau vai 1250 thuc xa hpi cua HS nu cao hon HS nam thi mirc phat trien

HS ldp 8 va 9, NL CXXH chung cua cac em o miic tren NL nay vin d mirc kha thip (DTB^^^, =3,90). Su khae biet
tmng binh (DTB = 4,13 so voi diem toi da la 6). Xet cac nay giiia HS nam va HS nii- phdn nao phan anh xu hirang
NL thanh phSn cua NL CXXH cho thdy, NL tu nhan thiic chung cua su "trudng thanh" hon ve mat tam li, xa hOi cua
CO phSn eao hem so vai NL CXXH chung ciing nhu NL thiat HS nu so vdi HS nam cimg do mdi d giai doan nay. Kit
lap va duy tri quan he xa hgi, NL ra quyet dinh co trach qua trong nghian ciai nay thong nhat vdi ket qua ciia nhieu
nhiem. Ngugc lai, NL tu quan li, NL nhan thirc xa hgi la hai nghien ciru vk su n6i bat han ciia ntr gidi trong tri tue cam
thanh phiin co mirc phat trien thap hon so vai NL CXXH xiic va kha nang thiat lap quan he xa hgi (Sanschez- Nunez,
chung va 3 thanh phSn con lai ciia NL CXXH la NL tu nhan Femandez-Berrocal, Montanes, Latorre, 2008; Endmlat,
thiic, NL thiat lap va duy tri quan he xa hgi, NL ra quySt Tom, Ravitch, Wesley, Merrell, 2010) (xem Bang 2).
Ngugc lai, khong cd su khae biet giiia hai gidi d NL t\r
dinh CO trach nhiem.
nhan thiic. Sir khae biet giiia nam va nil d NL tu quan li
Kat qua thu dugc vS miic phat tnan ciia NL CXXH chung cung khong cd y nghia ve mat thdng ke. Tuy nhien, cSn Imi
va c^c NL thanh phin ciia NL CXXH cho thSy, so voi HS y rang chenh lach ciia DTB giiia hai gidi la kha cao (0,8),
CO dp tuoi hrong duong (13-14 tuoi) a Singapore trong trong do, HS nam co sir phat trian NL tu quan li phan nao
nghien ciru ciia Ee va Ong (2014), khach tha trong nghien cao han so vdi HS nii:.
ciru nay co mice dd phat trien CXXH cao hon. Nhom tre
So sanh miic dd phat trign eua NL CXXH chung v^ ciia
VTN Singapore co DTB tuang ling vai 5 thanh to va NL cac NL thanh phSn giiia hai khdi ldp 8 va lap 9 cho thSy,
CXXH Chung la 3,32; 3,22; 3,20; 3,13; 3,18 va 3,21. Tuy chi cd su khae biet co y nghia thong ke d NL tir quan 11. KSt
nhien, so voi nhom HS Tieu hpc cung o Singapore trong qua phep kiem dinh t-test cho hai nhdm dgc lap cho thi.y,
nghien cim ciia Zhou va Ee (2012), khach the trong nghien HS ldp 9 cd NL tu quan li cao han HS ldp 8 (DTB|^g=3,88
ciru nay eo miic phat trien cac thanh phan cua NL CXXH so vdl DTB,^^ =3,76; t(1248) = 2,49; p< 0,05). Co th6 sir
va NL CXXH chung thdp hem (DTB tuong ling la 4,75; trudng thanh ve mat tam li, xa hgi theo lira tudi la mpt yeu
4,05; 4,17; 4,27; 4,25 va 4,30). Dii lieu tren ciing cho thdy, td ddng gop vao kat qua nay, giiip tre VTN co kha nang tir
su khae biet trong mirc phat trian giiia cac thanh phan ciia quan H tot hem cam xiic va hanh vi cua minh.
NL CXXH a nghian cim nay tuong dong nhiau hon vol
So sanh giua cac tmh, khong cd sir kliac biet cd y nghia
nghien ciru ciia Zhou va Ee (2012) tran nhom HS tieu hpc trong NL CXXH giiia 4 tinh dugc khao sat. Nliu vay, co
so vol nghien ciru ciia Ee va Ong (2014) tren nhom tu6i tha thay, sir khae biet giira cac trudng nhu trinh bay d tren

VTN THCS Cu the, NL tu nhan thiic dugc danh gia 6 muc xuat phat tir dae diem rieng ciia mdi gidi, mdi khdi hpc, chii
cao nhat, tiep dan la NL thiat lap va duy tri quan he xa hpi khdng do yeu td vimg mien.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

Bang 2: So sanh miic phai trien cua NL CXXH glQa HS nam va HS nS

NL ti( quan li
NLniignttiLJcxahpi
NL thiet l^p va duy tri quan he xa iipi
NL ra quyet dinh co tracti ntiiem
NL CXXH Chung

(Ghi chii: *.p< 0.05; **:p <0.0}.
40

TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM

• P ^ 0,001)


T6m lai, kat qua phin tich chung cho thSy, HS ldp 8, ldp
9 d tam trudng thuoc b6n tinh dugc khao sat cd NL CXXH
phat trian d mirc trgn trung binh. Trong do, NL tu quan
li va NL nhan thiic xa hdi la hai thanh phin co miic phat
triSn thSp han so vdi ba thanh ph§n cdn lai va so vdi NL
CXXH chung. Cae thanh ph4n ciia NL CXXH ed mdi quan
he tuang hd iln nhau. Cd sir khae biet giiia hai gidi d mdt
s6 thanh thanh phiin cua NL CXXH va d NL CXXH chung.
Su khae biet giiia hai khdi ldp chi thg hien d NL tu quan li.

2.2.2. MUc dp phat irlen cua moi thanh phan ciia nang IUc cam
xuc • xa hpl

Trong phan tidp theo, chiing tdi se di sau phan tich muc
dp phat triSn ciia m6i thanh phin cua NL CXXH cua HS
ldp 8 va ldp 9, tir do nit ra nhuTig bai hpc can thiet cho viec
dS xuSt npi dung cho cac chuang trinh tac ddng nham nang
cao miic phat trien cua NL CXXH.
a. NL tu nhdn thuc
Trong thang do ma chiing tdi sii dung, NL tu nhan thiic
bao g6m 5 item, the hien kha nang tu nhan thiie ve cam xiic,
suy ngha, hanh dgng cua ban than. Ket qua trong Bang 3
cho thay, DTB cua ca 5 item dau tu 4,23 trd ian. Dang Imi y
la, trong khi cac em co tha da dang han trong viec hieu tam
trang va cam xuc cua ban than tai mot thdi diem thi lai khd
khan hon trong viec nhan ra su thay ddi tam trang cua ban
than (xem Bang 3).
Bang3:NLtirnhanthi]rc

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
1

Em tiiet em dang nghi gi va lam gi

4,57

2

Em hieu vi sao em Icim ^ e u 66.

4,49

1,19
1,31

3

Em hieu lam trang va cam xuc ciia ban than.

4,86

1,21

4

Em nhan ra khi em c6 tam trang that thuflng

4,23

1,40

5

Em biet nhQng iJl^m manh va diem yeu cua
ban than.

4,52

1,38

Thirc te cho thay, cac chuong trinh giao due ki nang tu
nhln thirc hi^n nay chu ySu mdi chi tip trung vao viec ren
luyen kha nang tu nhan thiic cam xiic tai mpt thai diem
nhat dinh. Ket qua cua nghien ciiu nay Imi y nhung ngudi
t6 chiic giao due ki nang tu nhSn thuc cho HS can quan tam
nhieu hem dan viec cung cap ca hdi cho cac em thuc hanh
nhan biet su thay ddi ciia tam trang, cam xuc. Nhiing bai
tip nhan dien su thay ddi cam xiic thi hien tran khudn mat
nhu de xuit trong nghian ciiu ciia Niedenthal, Halberstadt,
Margolin, Innes-Ker (2000) cd thi phii hgp trong viec cai
thien th^nh td nay trong NL ti nhan thuc cua tre VTN.
b. NL tu qudn li
NL tu quan li thi hi?n d kha nang giir binh tinh, tu kilm
soat dugc cam xiic, hanh vi ciia ban than trong nhiing hoan
canh khae nhau. Trong nghien cmi nay, NL tu quan li dugc
khao sat bang 5 item va kit qua thi hien trong Bang 4.

Bang4:NLti(quSnli

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^9
1

Em CO the giiT binh tinh trong nhOng ho^n
Ccinh Ccing th^ng

3,86

1,23

2

Khi bi/c tiJc vdl ai 36, em chci flen khi binh tinh
trd lai rol mdi thao luan ve van de do.

3,82

1,41

3

Em giO binh tlnh va viiflt qua noi lo au khi
hoan canh thay ddi hoae khi diing tnJdc hoSn
cSnh mdl-

3,92

1,31

4

Em giD binh tinh ca khi moi thCi trd nSn t6 (31.

3,55

1.41

5

Em CO the kiem soat di/dc cam xuc cua minh
khi CO dieu gi do xau xay ra.

3,97

1,33

Ket qua phan tich dii lieu d Bang 4 cho thay, miie bieu
hien d ea 5 item dau khong cao, vdi DTB tir 3,55 din 3,97.
Trong do, HS cd the kiem soat duac cam xuc cua ban than
khi cd diau gi xau xay ra, vdi miic cao nhat trong cac thanh
td Clia NL tu quan li. Ben canh dd, cac em co the giii binh
tlnh phan nao tot hon trong hoan canh mdi, trong quan he
xa hdi, khi cang thang so vdi khi "moi thir trd nen te di".
NL tu quan li cam xiic, hanh vi la mot trong nhirng NL
thanh phan quan trpng. Tinh trang bao luc hpc dudng vdi
nhiing bieu hien nghiem trong xay ra gan day phan nao
xuat phat tir viec HS khdng the giii binh tinh, kiam soat
dugc cam xuc, hanh vi ciia minh khi co mau thuan, xung
dot xay ra trong cac mdi quan he voi ban va nhiing ngudi
xung quanh. Chinh vi vay, cac chuong trinh giao due kT
nang sdng ndi chung, chuang trinh phat trien NL CXXH
ndi riang danh cho lua tudi HS can quan tam nhieu han dan
NL tu quan li.
c. NL nhdn thuc xa hgi
NL nhan thitc xa hpi bao gdm kha nang nhan dien cam
xiic, hanh vi ciia ngudi khae, hieu ro suy nghT khi co nhung
cam xiic do ciing nhir nguyen nhan cua cam xiic, hanh vi.
Trong nghien cim nay, NL nhan thirc xa hdi ciing dugc khao
sat biing 5 item va kit qua dugc trinh bay trong Bang 5 sau
day.
Bang 5: NL nhan thii'c xa hoi

1

Em de dang hieu di/dc vi sao ngJdl kh^c lai

4,00

1,33

3,73

1,34

4,12

1,34

3,35

1,41

3,87

1,32

cicamxiicnhilvay2

Neu mpt ngiJdi ban lo lang va buon ba, em
hieu kha ro li do vi sao.

3

Em nhan biet di/dc cam xuc ciia ngtidi khae
Xii nhOng bieu hien tren i
4

Neu ai do Ijudn, gian dfl hoae hanh phiJc, em
tin la em biet ho dang nghi gi.

5

Khi ban em the hien si/ gian dO/lo lang/buon
ba, em hieu vi sao ban lai phan ilng nhi/ vay.

So 21 Ihang 9/2019 41


Nhu da trinh bay d tran, nhan thiic xa hgi ciing la NL
thanh phan dat miic phat trien kha thap. Xet t6ng thi, kit
qua d Bang 5 cho thay 3/5 item co DTB nho han 4,0 va chi
CO mpt item cd DTB > 4,0. Cu the, viec nhan bilt cam xiic
Clia ngudi khae biau hien tren khudn mat dat d miic cao
nhat trong nlidm nay. Ngugc lai, kha nang nhan thirc sau
hon ve nguyen nhan dan den cam xuc, hanh vi, ve suy nghT
khi CO cam xiic, hanh vi do cua ngudi khae trong xa hpi lai
han che hon.
Cam xiic, suy nghT va hanh vi la ba yeu td khdng taeh rdi
nhau trong ddi sdng tam li cua con ngudi. De co the nhan
thirc day dli, chinh xae va nhung ngudi xung quanh, chung

ta khdng chi can nhan dien dugc nhiing cam xiic va hanh vi
ma con cin thiu hieu nhiing suy nghT eiia hp. Ben eanh dd,
NL nhan thiic xa hdi la tien da can thiet cho viec xay dung
quan he xa hpi cd chat lugng. Chinh vi vay, cac chuong
trmh phat triln NL CXXH cho tre vi thanh nien can quan
tam nhilu han din viec phat trian NL nhan thiie xa hdi,
trong dd, can chii trong nang cao kha nang nhan biet suy
nghT ciia ngudi khae lien quan den nhiing cam xuc cua hp.
d. NL thiet lap vd duy tri moi quan he xd hoi
Con ngudi chi cd the tdn tai va phat trian nhan each trong
xa hpi loai ngudi, trong su tuong tac vdi nhiing ngudi xung
quanh. Do do, thiet lap va duy tri mdi quan he xa hpi la mgt
trong nhirng NL sdng cdn Dac biet, vdi tudi VTN, nhu cau
ket ban ciia cac em rat ldn va giao tiap vdi ban ciing lira mdi
U hoat dgng chii dao, dong vai trd quyat dinh den sir phat
trian tlm li ciia cac em. NL thiSt lap va duy tri moi quan he
xa hpi la ciing la chia khoa dan den thimh cong trong cupc
song va hoat dpng ngha nghiep eua eae em trong tuong lai.
Chinh vi vay, NL thiet lap va duy tri moi quan he xa hdi
la mpt trong nhiing thanh phan ciia NL CXXH can dugc
nghien ciiu (xem Bang 6).

Ben canh
minh khi chiing em eai nhau", vdi DTB = 3.83dd, cac em ciing kha khd khan trong viec •laioan dung vdl
nhiing sai lim cua ban". Su han chl trong mii^ dg P
cua hai thanh t6 nay cin dugc quan tam, bdi ie, chung am
tang xae suit cua viec giao tilp bao luc, m6t trong nhung
nguyan nhgn din din tinh trang bao luc noi chung va bao
luc hpc dudng ndi rieng. Cac chuang trinh phat tnen NL
CXXH cho tre VTN sau nay cin bao gdm npi dung hudng

din thuc hanh giao tilp phi bao luc (Nonviolent verbal
communication) nhu dl xuit cua Rosenberg (2015) va ren
luyen dl cai thien NL ling nghe thiu cam, lang nghe sau.
e. NL ra quyet dinh co trdch nhiem
NL ra quylt dinh cd trach nhiem la kha nang can nhic
Igi ich ciia ban than va xa hdi trudc khi dua ra mpt de nghi,
quylt dinli nao dd. NL ra quylt dinh co trach nhiem la mpt
thanh phin cua NL CXXH va dugc khao sat trong nghien
ciiu nay thdng qua 5 item. Kit qua khao sat dugc trinh bay
trong Bang 7 dudi day.
Bang 7: NL ra quyet djnh co trach nhiem

n

NL ra quyel tjnli co Iracli nhilcm

1

Khi dua ra quyet dinh, em can nhae lieu hanh

NL thiet lip v i duy tri m i l quan he x i h i l

OTB

DLC 1

Em se ludn xin l6i klii vd tinh lam ton ttiilOng

4,75

1,21

3,83

1,32

4,14

1,35

ban ciia minh.

chiing em cai nhau
Khi btio ve y kien ciia minh, em co gang khdng
chitrich, che bai ngildi khae.

4

Em ludn cd gSng an ul ban ciia minh khi ho budn.

4,64

1,23

5

Em khoan dung vdi nhi!ng sai lam cua ban em.

4,01

1,30

Kit qua d Bang 6 cho thdy, cd su phan bo rpng d DTB ciia
cac thanh phin. Cac em thanh thao nhit trong viec "xin ldi
khi vd tinh lam tdn thuang ban", mpt hanh vi dupc xem la
phii hgp vdi chuin muc xa hpi, vdi DTB = 4,75. Tiep theo,
HS cung dat mirc kha cao trong kha nang thi hien sir dong
cam va long trie in vdi ban, nhiing yen td dong vai tro quan
trpng ddi vdi ban than mdi ngudi va vdi cdng ddng, xa hpi.
Ngugc lai, HS thiy khd khan dl "khong chi trich ban cua
42

TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC ViET NAM

4,05

1,23

4,11

1,27

4,41

1,19

4,14

1,28

|

ngUdI khae hay cho tap the khdng.

2

Em can nhae den Idl ich cua ngi/di khae
trildc khi dda ra mdt de nghi.

3

Em xem xet thuan Idl va kho khan ma minh
dang gap phSI tmflc khi dda ra quyet dinh.

4

Em no life de liJa chon nhu'ng hanh dong dem
lai nhieu ket qua tich CLJC cho tap the.
Em can nhSc nhdng diem manh va diem yeu
quyet dinh sii dung nd.

1

3

1,26

cLia mdt bien phap giai quyet van de trddc khi

TT

Em CO gang khdng chi trich ban ciia minh M

OLC
4,34

ddng ciJa em cd gay ra hau qua gi xau cho

5
Bdng 6: NL thiet lap va duy tri moi quan he xa hpi

2

flTB

Ket qua d Bang 7 cho thiy, cac thanh td cua NL ra quyet
dinh CO trach nhiem dat d raiic kha tuang ddng va &h^x
CO DTB > 4,0. Trong do, y thiic tap thi dugc thi hien co
phin cao hem so vdi cac thanh tl cdn lai. Cac em quan tam
dan tac ddng ciia hanh dpng din tap thi, nd lire dl dem lai
nhilu kit qua tich cue cho tap thi khi dua ra quylt djnh cho
hanh ddng ciia minh.Tinh tap thi cao !a mpt trong nhirng
dac trung cua nhimg ngudi thuoc van hda Phuong Dong
(Hofstede, 2011). Tuy nhien, luu y ring mire dp phat triln
cua cac thanh tl trong NL ra quylt dinh co trach'nhiem vin
chua cao. Chinh vi vay, chiing cin dugc nang cao han niia
thong qua cac hoat dpng phat triln NL CXXH cho tre VTN.
Tom lai, phan tich sau mdi thanh phin trong NI CYXH
da cung cip nhung thong tm huu ich, giiip ^[^^ j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^
nghian ciiu trong viec xay dung cac chuang trinh phat triln

NL CXXH cho tre VTN. Kit qua phan tich cho thiv k' "
nhiing thanh phan dugc danh gia la c6 miic phat tr* ^ l-h'
cao Cling CO nhiing thanh to can dugc chu trpng nh"
thien NLCXXH.
^"^ ^^'


3. Ket luan
Kit qua nghian ciiu thuc trang NL CXXH cua HS Idp
8 va 9 cho thiy, NL CXXH cua cac em d miic tren trung
binh. Trong dd, NL tu nhln thirc dat d mirc cao nhat, tiep
din ta NL thilt lap va duy tri quan he xa hdi, NL ra quylt
djnh CO trach nhiem va thip nhit la NL nhan thiic xa hpi va
NL tu quan li. Cd su khae biet giiia hai gidi d NL nhan thiic
x3 hOi, NL thilt lap va duy tri quan he xa hdi, NL ra quylt
djnh cd trach nhiem. Trong dd, cac thanh phln nay cua NL
CXXH d HS nii phat trien cao han d HS nam. Su khae biet
giiia hai khdi ldp 8 va ldp 9 chi tha hien d NL tu quan H.
Phan tich sau hon 5 thanh phan cua NL CXXH cho thay su

phat trien ctia cac thanh td lam cho mdi thanh phin ciing
cd su khae biet. Thuc trang NL CXXH ctia lira mdi VTN
tren nhirng dia ban nghien cim cho thiy, rit cin co nhiing
chuang trinh phat triln NL CXXH cho cac em. Ngi dung
Clia cac chuang trinh phat triln NL CXXH nay cin bao quat
ea 5 NL thanh phin, do la NL tu nhan thirc, NL tu quan li,
NL nhan thiic xa hdi, NL thiet lap va duy tri quan he xa hgi
va NL ra quyet dinh co trach nhiem. Trong qua trinh triln
khai chuang trinh, cin danh thdi lugng thich dang eho NL
nhan thiic xa hpi va NL tu quan li, can quan tam nhilu hon

den viec phat trien NL CXXH cho HS nam.

Tai li^u tham khao
[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional
Leaming, (2003), Safe and Sound- An educational
leader s guide to evidence-based social and emotional
learning (SEL) Programs, Author, (Available on-line at
www.casel.org).
Ee, J, & Ong, C. W, (2014), Which social emotional
competencies are enhanced al a social emotional
learning camp?. Journal of Adventure Education
and Outdoor Leaming, 14(1), p.24-41, DOI;
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Merrell, K. W, (2010), Social and emotional strengths and
gender differences. Paper presented at the annual meeting
of the National Association of School Psychologist,
Chicago, Illinois.
Hofstede, G, (2011), Dimensionalizing cultures: The
Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology
2(1), />Culture,
0919.1014.

[5]

Niedenthal, P.M., Halberstadt, J.B., Margolin, J., and
Innes-Ker, A.H, (2000), Emotional stale and the detection
of change in facial expression of emotion, European
Journal ofSocial Psychology, 30(2), p.211-222.
[6] Rosenberg, M. B, (2015), Nonviolent communication:
A language of life (3"' Edition), Puddle Dancer Press,
California.
[7] Sanchez-Niifiez, M.T, Femandez-Berrocal, P, Montanes,
J. & Latorre, J. M, (2008), Electronic Journal of Research
in Educational Psychology 6 (2), p 455-474.
[8] Sklad, M., Dieskstra, R., De Ritter, M , & Ben, J,
(2012), Effectivene.is of School-Based Universal Social,
Emotional, and Behavioral Programs' Do they enhance
students' development in the area of skill, behavior and
adjustment?. Psychology in the Schools, 49(9), p.892-909.
[10] Zhou, M. & Ee, J, {2t)M), Development and validation of
the social emotional competence questionnair (SECQ),
The Intemational Journal of Emotional Education, 4(2),
p.27-42

CURRENT STATUS OF THE SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE
OF ADOLESCENTS
Tran Thi Tu A n h \ Dinh Thi Hong Van^
Nguyen Phuoc Cat Tuong^ Dau Minh Long^

' Email' tuanh.tran@yahoo com
^ Email dthvan2000@yahoo,com

^ Email, aline1174@yahoo,co ik
* Email. (
Hue University of Edncation
34 Le Loi, Hue city, Thua Tfiien Hue province, Vietnam

ABSTRACT: Social-Emotional Competence (SEC) is considered
as the
foundation for human health and success. It is especially important for
adolescents because of the characteristics, a high demand for social
relationships and the complex emotions of this age group. This paper
presents the results ef the study en the SEC status of 1250 students in
grade 8 and 9 from eight junior secondary schools in 4 provinces, namely
Ninh Binh. Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue and Tien Giang. The study has
adapted and used the Social-Emotional
Competence
Questionnaire
developed by Zhou and Ee (2012). The results show that the SocialEmotional Cempetenee of adolescents Is above average and uneven
among its five elements, which provides useful information to the SEC
program development for adolescents in the coming time.
KEYWORDS: Social emotional competence; self-awareness; self-management; social
awareness; relationship skills; responsible decision-making.

So 21 thang 9/2019

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